Nội dung bài báo tác giả phân tích những tư tưởng lớn của Hồ Chí minh thể hiện trong di chúc nhấn mạnh vào bốn điểm cốt yếu, quan trọng nhất đó là: Tư tưởng về Đảng cầm quyền và sự lãnh đạo; Tư tưởng về chăm lo tới con người; Tư tưởng về quản lý xã hội; chính sách xã hội, an sinh xã hội sau chiến tranh và tư tưởng về chủ nghĩa xã hội và đổi mới.
Tạp chí KHOA HỌC VÀ CÔNG NGHỆ ĐÔNG ĐÔ 1JKLÂQFßXWUDRõÕL 1+1*77Ơ1*/Ô17521*',&+& &$&+7&++&+0,1+ *5($77+28*+762)35(6,'(17+2&+,0,1+,1+,67(67$0(17 +2j1*&+%l2 7ẽPWW 1ỉLGXQJEưLEđRWđFJLSKQWấFKQKõQJWịWịỗQJOổQFD+ễ&Kấ0LQKWKặKLẩQWURQJ'LFKF QKQPQKYưREếQửLặPFếW\XTXDQWUềQJQKWửẽOư7ịWịỗQJYừQJFPTX\QYưVó OQKửR7ịWịỗQJYFKáPORWổLFRQQJịồL7ịWịỗQJYTXQOở[KỉLFKấQKVđFK[KỉL DQVLQK[KỉLVDXFKLQWUDQKYư7ịWịỗQJYFKQJKèD[KỉLYưửệLPổL T Abtract The article analyses Ho Chi Minh’s great thoughts reflected in his testament, emphasizing on most critical, foundational basis: On ruling party and leadership, on social management and policies, on post-war social security and on Socialism and renovation URQJ TXđ WUẫQK QJKLQ FX 7ị WịỗQJ +ễ &Kấ 0LQKFKQJWDQJư\FưQJQKÃQWKFử\ửYư VXVFKọQYQJXễQJếFEQFKWửẵFửLặP QỉLGXQJWịWịỗQJFD1JịồL7òQJEịổFPỉWFKQJ WDửQKÃQUẹJLđWUWPYẽFYưởQJKèDQKLXPẵWFD WịWịỗQJEỉSKÃQFếWOẹLYOởOXÃQWURQJGLVQFD 1JịồL7ịWịỗQJ+ễ&Kấ0LQKNKểQJFKậWKặKLẩQWURQJ FđFWđFSKàPYáQSKàPFD1JịồLPưFẻQWKặKLẩQ ửẵFELẩWVếQJửỉQJWURQJKRWửỉQJWKóFWLầQửDGQJ SKRQJSKPư1JịồLửWUóFWLSWULQJKLẩPWKặQJ KLẩPWURQJKRWửỉQJWKóFWLầQửXWUDQKFđFKPQJ KọQWKÃSNỡ+DLPịọLEếQQáPOLQ1JịồLOưFK WFKQịổFừLKỉL,,YưừLKỉL ,,,1JịồLFẻQửịộFEXOưPFKWFKừQJƠ ửậQKFDRTX\QOóFFWURQJừQJYư1KưQịổFWURQJ PỉWWKồLJLDQGưL1JịồLWKóFWKLTX\QOóFGRừQJYư GRGQ\WKđFYổLPỉWWLQKWKQGQFKKLPWK\ỗ FđFOQKWíNKđFYổLửRửFWURQJVđQJPảXPóFY FQNLẩPOLPFKấQKFKấFểQJYểWịWX\ẩWửếLNKểQJ PưQJGDQKOộLửQJỗQJRưLYẻQJGDQKOộLửặWRưQWP WRưQởSKíQJVó7ệTXếFSKíFYíQKQGQ6XếWửồL 1JịồLFKếQJFKQJKèDFđQKQYíOộLYNỡK\VLQK WWFNặFFXỉFVếQJULQJWịửặWKóFKưQKựGèFểQJ YLWKịộQJỳựTXDQJPLQKFKấQKửLỳựWLQKWKQửRưQ NWỳFKậOưPửLXOộLFKRGQWUđQKPềLửLXKLWổL GQ1JịồLNKểQJFKậQXJịọQJPưFẻQJLSFKRPềL QJịồLQRLJịọQJOưPửLXWếWWUđQKửLX[XJộLPỗ WKFWậQKửỉQJYLQYưWKFửà\FRQQJịồLKịổQJWKLẩQ KRưQWKLẩQEQWKQ7KHRửẽựPỉWWPJịọQJVếQJ FẻQ TXở KọQ KưQJ WUáP EưL GLầQ YáQ WX\Q WUX\Qỳ ựJịọQJPảXOưFđFKOQKửRWếWQKWỳ%QWKQ1JịồL OưPỉWửLặQKẫQKPảXPóFYWKóFKưQKửRửFFQ NLẩPOLPFKấQKFKấFểQJYểWịửHPFWPQJX\ẩQ OảQKưQKửỉQJửặPỉWửồLlL4XếFWUềQửồLlL'Q ELWUẹTX\OXÃWFDPXểQửồLFXếLFQJWKẫDLFĩQJ SKLFKWQQửQSKWFKẽWOFUDửL1JịồLNKểQJFẽ ửLXJẫSKLQKÃQFKậFẽPỉWQìLQLPựWLFOưWLF UạQJNKểQJửịộFSKíFYí7ệTXếFYư1KQGQOX KọQQõDQKLXKọQQõDỳ 'RửẽFẽWKặQẽLYổL+ễ&Kấ0LQKWịWịỗQJJQ OLQYổLửRửFWịWịỗQJửRửFWUỗWKưQKKưQKửỉQJ ửRửFWKặKLẩQPỉWFđFKFPửỉQJTXDKưQKYLOếL VếQJFD1JịồL 1XWịWịỗQJ+ễ&Kấ0LQKQKịừQJWDTXDQ QLẩPOưPỉWKẩWKếQJOổQFđFTXDQửLặPQJX\QWFY QKõQJYQửFKLQOịộFFDFđFKPQJ9LẩW1DPY ửịồQJOếLYưSKịọQJSKđSFđFKPQJWKẫWURQJ'LFKF FđFTXDQửLặPYưQJX\QWFửẽửịộFWKặKLẩQWÃSWUXQJ ỗTX\WWPFKLQOịộFửđQKELFXỉFFKLQWUDQK[P OịộFFDửTXếF0ớỗQLPWLQPQKOLẩWYưRWKQJOộL FXếLFQJJLLSKẽQJKRưQWRưQPLQ1DPWKếQJQKW ửWQịổF1DP%F[XPKềSPỉWQKư *676&KX\QJLDFDRFS1JX\Q\YLQ+ỉLửễQJOởOXÃQ7UXQJịọQJ 16 Soỏ (2018) 1JKLQFòXWUDRừếL 1XWịWịỗQJ+ễ&Kấ0LQKWKặKLẩQVXVFFRQ ửịồQJYưTX\OXÃWSKđWWULặQFDFđFKPQJ9LẩW1DP OưửỉFOÃSGQWỉFJQOLQYổLFKQJKèD[KỉLKRưQ WKưQKFđFKPQJJLLSKẽQJGQWỉF[\GóQJWKưQK FểQJFKQJKèD[KỉLJLLSKẽQJGQWỉFửặSKđWWULặQ GQWỉFPưPíFWLXOởWịỗQJFđFKPQJửXKịổQJWổL KẩJLđWUFếWOẹLừỉFOÃS7óGR+QKSKFFKRQKQ GQWKẫWURQJ'LFKFQKõQJWịWịỗQJửẽửịộFFíWKặ KẽDYưWÃSWUXQJQệLEÃWYưRFXỉFFKLQửXFKếQJ0ớ FXQịổFYưRWKóFKLẩQWKếQJQKWQịổFQKưựPLQ 1DPOưPđXFDPđX9LẩW1DPOưWKWFDWKW9LẩW 1DPỳ QKW ửQK SKL ửịộF JLL SKẽQJ KRưQ WRưQ ửặ 1DP%FOưPỉWQKưWRưQGQVếQJWURQJKẻDEẫQKửỉF OÃSWKếQJQKWGQFKYưJLưXPQK 1XWịWịỗQJ+ễ&Kấ0LQKNWKòDWUX\QWKếQJ KưQJQJưQQáPFDGQWỉFGóQJQịổFửLOLQYổLJLõ QịổF[\GóQJQQGQFKửặQKQGQOưPFKWKẫ WURQJ 'L FKF 1JịồL ửẵF ELẩW QKQ PQK ửQ WUềQJ WUđFKOFKVỏFDừQJWấQKWLQSKRQJJịọQJPảXYư WUđFK QKLẩP FD FđQ Eỉ ửQJ YLQ VXếW ửồL FKáP OR FKRFXỉFVếQJFDGQWÃQWí\WUXQJWKưQKYổL'QYổL 1ịổFEỗLWKQệLEÃWWURQJ'LFKFOưựWUịổFKWQẽL YừQJỳựWUịổFWLQSKLFKậQKửếQOLừQJỳựừX WLQOưFểQJYLẩFYổLFRQQJịồLỳFKáPORFKXửđRWổL ửồLVếQJYÃWFKWWLQKWKQFKRPềLQJịồLGQQKWOư WKóFKLẩQFKấQKVđFKửQọQửđSQJKèDFKRWKịọQJELQK OLẩWVèFKRQKõQJQJịồLFẽFểQJFKRFđFJLDửẫQKFẽ FểQJYổLQịổF1JịồLWòQJQẽLửịồQJOếLFKấQKVđFK FDừQJYưFKấQKSKOưửROởYưửRQJKèDOổQQKW 1XWịWịỗQJ+ễ&Kấ0LQKOưWịWịỗQJQKQYáQ YưYáQKẽDựPXếQ[\GóQJWKưQKFểQJFKQJKèD[ KỉLWKẫWUịổFKWSKLFẽFRQQJịồL[KỉLFKQJKèDỳ ự9ẫOộLấFKQáPSKLWUễQJF\YẫOộLấFKWUáPQáP SKLWUễQJQJịồLỳự9áQKẽDVRLửịồQJFKRTXếFGQ ửLỳựYáQKẽDNKểQJỗEQQJRưLPưỗWURQJNLQKWYư FKấQKWUỳự[\GóQJFKQJKèD[KỉLỗ9LẩW1DPOư [\GóQJPỉW[KỉLYáQKẽDFDRỳOưPFKRGQWỉF9LẩW 1DPWUỗWKưQKPỉWGQWỉFWKểQJWKđLựừQJOưửR ửFOưYáQPLQKỳỷWKẫWURQJ'LFKF1JịồLFáQGẵQ FđQEỉửQJYLQSKLFẽWẫQKửễQJFKấWKịọQJ\XOảQ QKDXSKLWKÃWVóWKPQKXQửRửFFđFKPQJUD VFWKóFKưQKGQFKYưFQNLẩPOLPFKấQKửặ[QJ ửđQJOưQJịồLử\WổWUXQJWKưQKFểQJEỉFWÃQWí\FD GQ[QJửđQJOưQJịồLOQKửRFDQKQGQ'LFKF ửFÃSửQYQửửưRWREễLGịốQJWKKẩFđFKPQJ FKRửồLVDXOưPỉWYLẩFOưPYểFQJTXDQWUềQJYưFQ WKLWPưừQJSKLửẵFELẩWTXDQWP1JịồLFáQGẵQ ừQJYư&KấQKSKSKLFKWUềQJWRPềLửLXNLẩQ JLSửốFKHPSKíQõOưPFKRKềWLQEỉYưWUịỗQJ Taùp KHOA HOẽC VAỉ CONG NGHE ẹONG ẹO WKưQKNặFWKDPJLDYưRửồLVếQJFKấQKWUEQWKQ FKHPSKíQõSKLFKửỉQJYịọQOQNKFSKíFWóWL YưPẵFFP*LLSKẽQJSKíQõWKóFKLẩQEẫQKửằQJ QDPQõOưWKịổFửRFDWLQEỉYưSKđWWULặQ[KỉLWKóF VóOưPỉWFXỉFFđFKPQJEẫQKTX\Q7URQJ'LFKF 1JịồLFĩQJFáQGẵQWỡPỡFểQJWđFWKịọQJELQKOLẩWVè WKóFKLẩQFKấQKVđFKửQọQửđSQJKèDJLđRGíFWLQK WKQ\XQịổFWKóFKLẩQửROởXếQJQịổFQKổQJXễQ 1ỉLGXQJWịWịỗQJWURQJ'LFKFửWKặKLẩQVXVFFK QJKèDQKQửRYưQKQYáQFDRFFD+ễ&Kấ0LQK 7ị WịỗQJ +ễ &Kấ 0LQK PDQJ EQ FKW Yư ửẵF WUịQJQệLEÃWNKRDKềFFđFKPQJYưQKQYáQ'L FKFWURQJKẫQKWKFYáQEQFKậFẽWòPưFKD ửóQJQKõQJWịWịỗQJOổQừẽWKóFVóOưPỉWửLWệQJNW OởOXÃQYưWKóFWLầQYVóQJKLẩSFđFKPQJYYDQJ FDừQJYưFDGQWỉFựửđQKWKQJKDLửTXếFWRỳOư PỉWWKLWNOởOXÃQYửệLPổLYưSKđWWULặQWUWấQKFKR WịọQJODLửWQịổFVDXNKLFđFKPQJKRưQWRưQWKQJ OộLửLYưRNLQWKLW[\GóQJSKđWWULặQNLQKWYưYáQ KẽDPưPíFWLXFDRQKWOưKịổQJWổLTX\QOưPFK YưKQKSKFFDQKQGQ 7URQJFđFPếLTXDQKẩOổQFDửệLPổLYưSKđW WULặQ+ễ&Kấ0LQKửQKQPQKYưRPếLTXDQKẩJLõD ừQJ1KưQịổFYổL1KQGQừQJOQKửR1KưQịổF TXQOởửặQKQGQOưPFKQKQGQWKDPJLDWUóFWLS YưRFểQJWđF[\GóQJừQJYưTXQOởFD1KưQịổF 1KõQJWịWịỗQJOổQWURQJ'LFKFửYưửDQJVRL VđQJFRQửịồQJửLYưVóQJKLẩSFDFKQJWDQJư\QD\ 1KõQJWịWịỗQJửẽỗWPFKLQOịộFOưQKõQJFKậGảQ FKRYLẩFừQJ[đFửQKửịồQJOếLYưSKịọQJKịổQJ QKLẩPYíFKRừQJKRFKửQKFKấQKVđFKYư[\GóQJ SKđSOXÃWVPLPLVRLVđQJFRQửịồQJSKđWWULặQFD 9LẩW1DPFKịọQJWUẫQKKưQKửỉQJVđQJWRFDWRưQ ừQJWRưQGQửịDửWQịổFWDệQửQKSKđWWULặQEQ YõQJYưKLẩQửLKẽDQKị[đFửQKFD'QJWURQJWKồL NờPổLừẽFĩQJOưVóQKÃQWKFYưYÃQGíQJWịWịỗQJ +ễ&Kấ0LQKFDừQJWDKLẩQQD\ 1ẽLWẽPOLQẽLWổLQKõQJWịWịỗQJOổQFD+ễ&Kấ 0LQKWKặKLẩQWURQJ'LFKFFQQKQPQKYưREếQ ửLặPFếW\XTXDQWUềQJQKWVDXử\ 7ịWịỗQJYừQJFPTX\QYưVóOQKửRFP TX\QFDừQJựừRưQNWOưPỉWWUX\QWKếQJFóFNờ TXởEđXFDừQJYưFDGQWD&đFửễQJFKấWò7UXQJ ịọQJửQFđFFKLEỉFQSKLJLõJẫQVóửRưQNWQKWWUấ FDừQJQKịJLõJẫQFRQQJịọLFDPWPẫQKỳ ự7URQJừQJWKóFKưQKGQFKUỉQJULWKịồQJ [X\QYưQJKLPFKậQKWóSKEẫQKYưSKEẫQKOưFđFK WếWQKWửặFQJFếYưSKđWWULặQVóửRưQNWYưWKếQJQKW FDừQJ3KLFẽWẫQKửễQJFKấWKịọQJ\XOảQQKDXỳ Soỏ (2018) 17 Tạp chí KHOA HỌC VÀ CÔNG NGHỆ ẹONG ẹO 1JKLQFòXWUDRừếL 7+&7t37n,1+t7%l1 7LSWKHRWUDQJ .WTXKềFWÃSFDVLQKYLQWL9LẩW1DPửịộF EROịXWRưQEỉ6DXNKLNWWKFQáPWKóFWÃSWL 1KÃW%QVLQKYLQVWLSWíFWKHRKềFửặKRưQWKLẩQ VếWấQFKậFẻQOLYưửịộFFSEạQJừLKềFFKấQKTX\ &KịọQJWUẫQKGLầQUDOLQWíFWKịồQJ[X\QQKạP WRFọKỉLWếLửDFKRVLQKYLQ ừ\VOư&l1+&$&Â+,0Ô,PỗUDFKR UWQKLXVLQKYLQFẽQJX\ẩQYềQJửịộFWKóFWÃSYưUắQ OX\ẩQWURQJPểLWUịồQJFKX\QQJKLẩSQKị1KÃW%Q 6LQKYLQừểQJừểKưRKQJWẫPKLặXYưửáQJ NởWKDPJLD 6DX/ầNởNWJLõDKDLEQừLGLẩQ+LẩSKỉL-$,)$ ửFẽEXệLJLDROịXFKLDVYổLửLGLẩQVLQKYLQWUịồQJ ừLKềFừểQJừể5WQKLXFXKéLửửịộFửẵWUDWòSKấD FđFEQVLQKYLQừLXQư\FKRWK\VLQKYLQừểQJừể WKóFVóTXDQWPWổLFKịọQJWUẫQKYưPRQJPXếQửịộFWUỗ WKưQKWKóFWÃSVLQKWLửWQịổFPẵWWUồLPềF &đFFXKéLYửLXNLẩQWKDPJLDFKịọQJWUẫQK PểLWUịồQJOưPYLẩFFKửỉKềFWÃSYưWấFKOĩ\WấQFKậ WURQJQáPVDQJ1KÃWửXửịộFửLGLẩQ%DQOQKửR QKưWUịồQJYưSKấD+LẩSKỉLJLLửđSử\ửUẹUưQJ 7LEXệLJLDROịXửFẽPỉWVếVLQKYLQửáQJNở WKDPJLDFKịọQJWUẫQKừễQJWKồLQKLXEQFĩQJửịD UDQJX\ẩQYềQJPXếQửịộFKDLEQKìWUộYPẵWKềF WLQJ1KÃWửặFẽWKặWKDPJLDWURQJWKồLJLDQVổPQKW &KịọQJWUẫQKửịDVLQKYLQửLWKóFWÃSWL1KÃW %QJLõDừLKềFừểQJừểYư+LẩSKỉL-$,)$OưEịổF WLQTXDQWUềQJWURQJYLẩFửQKKịổQJYưWRFọKỉLYLẩF OưPQJD\NKLUDWUịồQJFKRFđFEQVLQKYLQ ựừQJWDOưPỉWừQJFPTX\Q0ìLửQJYLQ YưFđQEỉSKLWKÃWVóWKPQKXQửRửFFđFKPQJ WKÃWVóFQNLẩPOLPFKấQKFKấFểQJYểWị3KLJLõ JẫQừQJWDWKÃWVóWURQJVFKSKL[QJửđQJOưQJịồL OQKửRQJịồLử\WổWKÃWWUXQJWKưQKFDQKQGQỳ ựừRưQYLQYưWKDQKQLQWDQẽLFKXQJOưWếWPềL YLẩFửXKáQJKđL[XQJSKRQJNKểQJQJLNKẽNKáQFẽ FKấWLQWKừQJFQSKLFKáPORJLđRGíFửRửF FđFKPQJFKRKềửưRWRKềWKưQKQKõQJQJịồLWKòD N[\GóQJFKQJKèD[KỉLYòDựKễQJỳYòDựFKX\Qỳ %ễLGịốQJWKKẩFđFKPQJFKRửồLVDXOưPỉW YLẩFUWTXDQWUềQJYưUWFQWKLWỳự9LẩFFQSKLOưP WUịổFWLQOưFKậQKửếQOLừQJỳ 7ịWịỗQJYFKáPORWổLFRQQJịồL ựừXWLQOưFểQJYLẩFửếLYổLFRQQJịồL'LFKF ửFÃSWổLFđFFKấQKVđFKYưELẩQSKđSửếLYổLWKịọQJ ELQKOLẩWVèFKDPYộFRQFDKềửếLYổLSKíQõWKDQK QLQQểQJGQửễQJEưRPLQ[XểLFĩQJQKịPLQQL SKLFẽNKRFKWKÃWWếWửặSKđWWULặQNLQKWYưYáQKẽD QKạPNKểQJQJòQJQQJFDRửồLVếQJFDQKQGQ 3KđWWULặQJLđRGíFFểQJWđF\WYưYẩVLQKỷ&KấQK VđFKửếLYổLQKõQJQQQKQFDFKửỉFĩ 7ịWịỗQJYTXQOở[KỉLFKấQKVđFK[KỉL DQVLQK[KỉLVDXFKLQWUDQKự0DXFKẽQJKưQJQYW WKịọQJQJKLPWUềQJGRửTXếF0ớJ\UDWURQJFKLQ WUDQK[POịộFGPDQừẽOưQKõQJFểQJYLẩFFóFNờ WROổQSKFWSYưNKẽNKáQ&KQJWDSKLFẽNKRFK VẳQVưQJUẹUưQJFKXửđRửặWUđQKNKéLEửỉQJWKLX VẽWYưVDLOP 7ịWịỗQJYFKQJKèD[KỉLYưửệLPổL7URQJ 'LFKF1JịồLửNấQửđRQXOQTXDQQLẩPYFK QJKèD[KỉLựKẻDEẫQKWKếQJQKWửỉFOÃSGQFK YưJLưXPQKJẽSSKQ[QJửđQJYưRVóQJKLẩSFđFK PQJWKJLổLỳ9ửệLPổLừ\OưPỉWFXỉFFKLQửX FKếQJOLQKõQJJẫửFĩNớKịKéQJửặWRUDQKõQJ FđLPổLPWếWWịọLỷOưPỉWFXỉFFKLQửXNKệQJOễ 3KLửỉQJYLQWRưQGQWệFKFYưJLđRGíFWRưQGQ GóDYưROóFOịộQJYèửLFDWRưQGQ 7ưLOLẩXWKDPNKR +ễ&Kấ0LQKWRưQWÃS&74*+7ÃS 18 Soỏ (2018) 0ềL WKểQJ WLQ OLÃQ TXDQ FKÞäQJ WQK OLÃQKÈWFWLÅS0V'LÈX/LQK +RWOLQH (PDLOGLHXOLQK#KGLXHGXYQ +Ơ&KÊ0LQK7RQW·SW·S&74*+ 7·SWU ... WếWQKWửặFQJFếYưSKđWWULặQVóửRưQNWYưWKếQJQKW FDừQJ3KLFẽWẫQKửễQJFKấWKịọQJXOảQQKDXỳ Soỏ (2018) 17 Tạp chí KHOA HỌC VÀ CÔNG NGHỆ ẹONG ẹO 1JKLQFòXWUDRừếL 7+&7t37n,1+t7%l1 7LSWKHRWUDQJ