Factors affecting the fluctuation of labour productivity in the construction projects

UNIVERSITY OF ECONOMICS HO CHI MINH CITY International School of Business Bui Trung Kien FACTORS AFFECTING THE FLUCTUATION OF LABOUR PRODUCTIVITY IN THE CONSTRUCTION PROJECTS MASTER OF BUSINESS (Honours) Ho Chi Minh City - 2012 UNIVERSITY OF ECONOMICS HO CHI MINH CITY International School of Business Bui Trung Kien FACTORS AFFECTING THE FLUCTUATION OF LABOUR PRODUCTIVITY IN THE CONSTRUCTION PROJECTS ID: 60340102 MASTER OF BUSINESS (Honours) SUPERVISOR: Dr CAO HAO THI Ho Chi Minh City - 2012 i ACKNOWLEDGMETS Firstly, I would like to express my deepest appreciation to my supervisor Dr Cao Hao Thi for his professional guidance, valuable advice, continuous encouragement, and motivated support that made this thesis possible I would like to extend deep senses of gratitude to Prof Nguyen Dinh Tho and lecturers who have taught and transferred me valuable knowledge and experience during the period of Master of Business course at International School of Business Special thanks, to all of my dear friends in MBUS 2010 class, who gave me useful material, response and experience to conducting this study I would like to express my grateful thanks to my friends and all the construction company in Vietnam who participated in filling the questionnaires and provided the valuable information for this study Personally, I wish to express my deep gratitude to my parents, my wife, sister and brother for their spiritual support and encouragement during the time of study Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam, 12 Dec 12 Bui Trung Kien ii ABSTRACT Productivity has an important role to help construction companies to be competitive, achieve set goals, meet stakeholder and value propositions The objectives of this research are to identify the factors affect to the Labor Productivity Fluctuation in construction project in Vietnam, to access the impact strength of influenced factors on the fluctuation of labor productivity and to suggest recommendations to reduce the fluctuation of labor productivity The objective of this study have been achieved through study 233 questionnaires and the results of analysis of 46 variables considered in questionnaire show that, there are five main factors positively affect to Labor Productivity Fluctuation in construction project They are Supervision factor, Motivation factor, Workforce factor, Material/Equipment factor and Schedule factor After conducting Multiple Linear Regression and ANOVA analysis, the model of study have been indentified which could explains 68.7 % of the total variance in Labor Productivity Fluctuation and ANOVA testing result also shows that there are significant different among project characteristic group on LPF The results of this study recommend that construction companies have to conduct labour productivity study in their project to reduce Labour Productivity Fluctuation It is important to have training program to increase labour skill, improve labor commitment and the relationship among worker by increasing labor benefit and team building program It also suggested that the planning software should be used in the project to have a good planning work to reduce the frequency of working overtime and make the labor more productivity iii TABLE OF CONTENT ACKNOWLEDGMETS i ABSTRACT ii TABLE OF CONTENT iii LIST OF FIGURES vii LIST OF TABLES viii LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS x CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION 1.1 Statement of the problem 1.2 Objective of the study 1.3 Scope of the study 1.4 Research contribution 1.5 Research Structure CHAPTER 2: LITERATURE REVIEW 2.1 Definition related to project and project management 2.1.1 Project 2.1.2 Project Management 2.2 Definitions related to productivity 2.2.1 Productivity 2.2.2 Labor Productivity 2.2.3 Total Productivity iv 2.2.4 The formulation for the fluctuation of labor productivity 2.2.5 Construction productivity 2.3 Factors affecting construction productivity 2.4 Factor and indicators affect to labour productivity fluctuation 2.4.1 Factor related to workforce 2.4.2 Factor related to management team 2.4.3 Factor related to motivation 2.4.4 Factor related to schedule compression 2.4.5 Factor related to material/equipment 2.4.6 Factor related to supervision 2.4.7 Factor related to safety 2.5 Project characteristics 2.6 Conceptual framework CHAPTER 3: METHODOLOGY 3.1 Research process 3.2 Sampling design 3.2.1Population 3.2.2 Sample size 3.3 Measurement scales 3.4 Questionnaire design 3.5 Pilot survey v 3.6 Data collection 31 3.7 Descriptive statistics 31 3.8 Reliability analysis 31 3.9 Exploratory analysis 32 3.10 Multiple regression analysis 32 3.11 ANOVA analysis 32 CHAPTER 4: DATA ANALYSIS 33 4.1 Sample descriptive statistics 33 4.2 Reliability analysis 36 4.3 Exploratory factor analysis 39 4.4 Revised the research model 43 4.5 Multiple regression analysis 44 4.5.1 Correlation testing 44 4.5.2 Multiple linear regression analysis 45 4.5.2.1 Theory model 45 4.5.2.2 Result on the linear regression analysis 45 4.5.3 Hypothesis testing 47 4.5.4 One-Way ANOVA Analysis in project characteristic 49 4.5.4.1 One-Way ANOVA testing in type of project 49 4.5.4.2 One-Way ANOVA testing in project ownership 51 4.5.4.3 One-Way ANOVA testing in project budget 53 vi 4.5.5 Results of ANOVA testing on project characteristics 53 4.6 Summary of data analysis result 53 CHAPTER 5: RECOMMENDATION AND CONCLUSION 55 5.1 Research finding 55 5.2 Managerial implications 56 5.3 Limitations and future research 57 APPENDICES 61 Appendix A: Questionnaire (English Version) 63 Appendix B: Questionnaire (Vietnamese Version) 69 Appendix C: First time running- Eigenvalues 76 Appendix D: First Time Running – Factor Loadings 77 Appendix E: Charts of Multiple Regression Analysis 79 vii LIST OF FIGURES Figure 2.1: Factor model of construction labor productivity 11 Figure 2.2: Factors that are statistical significant 12 Figure 2.3: External affects to construction on-site productivity 13 Figure 2.4: Internal affects to construction on-site productivity 13 Figure 2.5: Workforce factor and LPF 19 Figure 2.6: Management team factor and LPF 19 Figure 2.7: Motivation factor and LPF 20 Figure 2.8: Schedule compression factor and LPF 21 Figure 2.9: Material/Equipment factor and LPF 22 Figure 2.10: Supervision factor and LPF 23 Figure 2.11: Safety factor and LPF 24 Figure 2.12: Conceptual framework 25 Figure 3.1: Research process 27 Figure 4.1: Revised conceptual model 43 Figure 4.2: Final research model 53 viii LIST OF TABLES Table 2.1: Factor affecting on construction workforce productivity 14 Table 2.2: Factor affecting on labor productivity 16 Table 4.1: Mode of data collection 33 Table 4.2: Distribution of respondents’ position 34 Table 4.3: Type of project 34 Table 4.4: Ownership of project 35 Table 4.5: Total budget of project 35 Table 4.6: Rejected variables 36 Table 4.7: Reliability analysis result 37 Table 4.8: KMO and Bartlett's Test 40 Table 4.9: Total variance explain of factor analysis 40 Table 4.10: Factor analysis results 41 Table 4.11: Correlation analysis result 44 Table 4.12: Model summary of multiple linear regression analysis 46 Table 4.13: ANOVA of multiple linear regression analysis 46 Table 4.14: Coefficient of multiple linear regression analysis 47 Table 4.15: Hypothesis summary 49 Table 4.16: Descriptive for type of project group 50 Table 4.17: ANOVA for type of project group 50 Table 4.18: Descriptive for project ownership group 51 Bui Trung Kien 69 Appendix B: Questionnaire (Vietnamese Version) Th Ng Th a Ơng /Bà, Tơi tên Bùi Trung Kiên, hi n h c viên cao h c ngành Qu n Tr Kinh Doanh khóa 2010 c a Vi n T o Qu c T - Tr ng i H c Kinh T Tp HCM Tôi ang th c hi n tài nghiên c u v Các y u t nh h ng n s bi n ng n ng su t lao ng d án xây d ng Ph m vi nghiên c u c gi i h n cho nh ng d án xây d ng Vi t Nam Chúng r t mong c s h tr c a quý Ông/Bà b ng vi c tr l i nh ng câu h i c ính kèm T t c d li u thu th p c s ch dùng cho vi c ki m tra nh ng gi thuy t nghiên c u c t Chúng tơi m b o v i Ơng/Bà r ng thơng tin trình bày t qu nghiên c u s ch d ng th ng kê t t c thông tin cá nhân ho c c quan a q Ơng/Bà s c l u gi bí m t t qu nghiên c u c a tài s c g i cho b t c quý Ông/Bà quan tâm thông qua email ho c cách khác thu n ti n nh t cho quý v Trân tr ng kính chào Chân thành c m n quý Ông/Bà ã dành th i gian tr l i n câu h i, cho phép c g i l i chúc s c kho , thành công h nh phúc Bùi Trung Kiên Tel: 0906 609977 Email: tkvl02@yahoo.com 70 ng d n : tr l i nh ng câu h i d i ây, Ông/Bà liên tưởng đến dự án cụ thể hồn thành mà Ơng/Bà ã tham gia kho ng th i gian 10 n m g n ây Vui lòng tr l i câu h i b ng cách ánh d u (X) vào ô ( ) mà Ông/Bà ch n ho c n vào câu tr l i vào n i thích h p A THƠNG TIN TỔNG QT VỀ DỰ ÁN 1.Ơng bà vui lịng cho bi t tên d án: ……………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………… V trí c a ơng bà d Giám sát c a Ch Giám ut c/ Phó Giám Ch huy tr án ã tham gia ? c d án ng Giám sát i tr ng thi công Khác (Vui lịng ghi rõ):………………………………………………………… Lo i hình d án? Xây d ng dân d ng công nghi p Xây d ng c u ng Xây d ng c ng cơng trình th y Xây l p Khác (Vui lịng ghi rõ):………………………………………………………… Hình th c ch u t d án Doanh nghi p nhà n Công ty liên doanh c 71 Doanh nghi p n c ngồi Cơng ty t nhân Khác (Vui lòng ghi rõ):………………………………………………………… am c a d án (Vui lòng ghi rõ) :………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………… T ng ngân sách cho d án T 500.000 USD t i tri u USD T tri u USD n 10 tri u dollas T 10 tri u USD n 20 tri u USD L n h n 20 tri u USD Nếu Ông/Bà quản lý tồn dự án có vai cao cấp dự án Ơng/Bà vui lịng trả lời câu hỏi số 7 T ng s gi công lao ng thực tế c a d án t ng s gi công lao ng kế hoạch a d án ng s gi công lao ng thực tế c a d án: ………………………………… gi ng s gi công lao ng kế hoạch c a d án: …………… …………… gi Trong tr ng h p Ơng/Bà khơng nh c t ng s gi cơng lao ng c a d án Ông/Bà có th cho bi t ph n tr m l ch gi a T ng s gi công lao ng th c t c a d án T ng s gi công lao ng k ho ch c a d án ……………………% Nếu Ông/Bà phụ trách giám sát gói thầu gói cơng việc dự án ơng bà vui lịng trả lời câu hỏi số 8 T ng s gi công lao ng thực tế c a gói th u ho c gói công vi c T ng s gi công lao ng kế hoạch c a gói th u ho c gói cơng vi c d án ng s gi cơng lao ng thực tế c a gói thầu ho c gói cơng việc ….……… gi 72 ng s gi cơng lao ng kế hoạch c a gói thầu ho c gói cơng việc .…… gi Trong tr ng h p Ơng/Bà khơng nh c T ng s gi cơng lao ng c a gói th u ho c gói cơng vi c Ơng/Bà có th cho bi t ph n tr m l ch gi a T ng s gi cơng lao ng thực tế c a gói th u ho c gói cơng vi c T ng s gi công lao ng kế hoạch c a gói th u ho c gói cơng vi c mà ông bà tham gia …………………… % B THÔNG TIN VỀ NHỮNG NHÂN ẢNH HƯỞNG ĐẾN SỰ BIẾN ĐỘNG NĂNG SUẤT LAO ĐỘNG Có y u t tác ng n s biến động suất lao động g m 46 bi n s c li t kê b ng d i Dựa vào dự án gói cơng việc cụ thể hồn thành, Ơng/Bà vui lịng cho bi t m c ng ý c a Ông/Bà i v i phát bi u sau ây ng cách ánh d u (X) vào ( ) thích h p nh t ng ý c a Ông/Bà c o b ng thang o m t Hoàn toàn phản đối n Rất đồng ý Hồn tồn khơng ng ý I Lực lượng lao động dự án/gói cơng việc mà ông bà tham gia thi u k n ng kinh nghi m c a ng i lao ng Thi u công tác t o ng i lao ng Ng i lao ng v ng m t nhi u 73 l lao ng ngh vi c cao Ng i lao ng thi u tinh th n trách nhi m Tu i c a ng i lao ng t ng cao c kho c a ng i lao ng i quan h gi a ng i lao ng II Đội ngũ quản lý dự án/gói cơng việc mà Ông/Bà tham gia Thi u k n ng lãnh o 10 i quan h gi a ng i lao ng giám sát không t t 11 Thi u s giám sát ng i lao ng 12 Thi u cu c h p nh k v i ng i lao ng III Yếu tố Động lực làm việc người lao động dự án/gói công việc mà ông bà tham gia 13 Thanh toán l ng tr 14 ng th p 15 Phúc l i xã h i th p ho c 16 Th ng th p ho c khơng có th ng 17 Thi u ch ng trình ghi nh n thành tích c a ng i lao ng 18 u ki n n i công tr ng 19 Thi u chn u ng ngh tr a công tr ng IV Yếu tố Áp lực tiến độ dự án/ gói cơng việc mà ơng bà tham gia 20 Làm vi c ngày m t tu n mà khơng có ngày ngh 21 Hay làm thêm gi 74 22 Làm vi c theo ca nhi u 23 ho ch làm vi c 24 Tình tr ng q ơng ng i lao ng công tr ng V Yếu tố Vật tư/thiết bị dự án/gói cơng việc mà ơng bà tham gia 25 Thi u v t t 26 Ch t l ng v t t 27 Kho ch a v t tv trí khơng phù h p 28 n th i giantìm v t t s p x p v t t không phù h p 29 Thi u máy móc ho c thi t bthi cơng 30 u ki n c a máy móc thi t b `VI Cơng tác Giám Sát dự án/gói công việc mà ông bà tham gia 31 Không có ph ng pháp giám sát ho c ph ng pháp giám sát không t t 32 thi u n ng l c c a ng i giám sát 33 Th ng thay i i tr ng thi công 34 Th ng thay i th t công vi c 35 n v khơng hồn ch nh ho c s a i b n v nhi u 36 Vi c ki m tra b trì hỗn nhi u 37 a ch a, làm l i nhi u 38 Giám sát th ng xuyên v ng m t VII Yếu tố An Tồn dự án/gói cơng việc mà ơng bà tham gia 39 Khơngý n c nh báo an tồn lao ng 40 Tai n n th ng xuyên 75 41 Thi u ánh sáng n i thi công 42 Khơng có k s an tồn cơng tr ng 43 Cơng tr ng có nhi u ti ng n 44 u ki n làm vi c khơng an tồn 45 ho ch an tồn khơng phù h p 46 Thi u trang b b o h lao ng C THƠNG TIN CÁ NHÂN Ơng/Bà xin vui lịng tr l i cá thơng tin sau (N u có th ) ti n cho vi c g i k t qu nghiên c u n quý Ông/Bà n u c yêu c u tên : ………………………………………… N m sinh : …………………… n Tho i : …………………………………… Email : ……………………… n v công tác :……………………………… ………………………………… Ch c v hi n t i :………………………………………………………………… Ơng bà có mu n g i l i k t qu Trân tr ng cám Bùi Trung Kiên n s giúp nghiên c u hay khơng (Có/khơng)……………… c a quý Ông/Bà ! 76 Appendix C: First time running- Eigenvalues Component 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 … 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 Extraction Method: Principal Component Analysis 77 Appendix D: First Time Running – Factor Loadings V.2.3 V.6.4 V.6.6 V.6.2 V.6.5 V.6.7 V.2.4 V.6.1 V.7.8 V.7.6 V.7.5 V.7.7 V.7.4 V.7.2 V.7.1 V.3.3 V.3.6 V.3.5 V.3.4 V.3.2 V.3.1 V.1.5 V.1.1 V.1.4 V.1.8 V.1.2 V.2.1 V.4.5 V.4.1 V.4.3 V.4.2 V.4.4 V.5.3 V.5.4 V.5.5 V.5.6 V.5.2 78 V.5.1 V.1.7 V.7.3 79 Appendix E: Charts of Multiple Regression Analysis Figure E1: Histogram of Labor Productivity Fluctuation Figure E2: Normal P-P Plot of Labor Productivity Fluctuation 80 Figure E3: Scatterplot of Labor Productivity Fluctuation ...UNIVERSITY OF ECONOMICS HO CHI MINH CITY International School of Business Bui Trung Kien FACTORS AFFECTING THE FLUCTUATION OF LABOUR PRODUCTIVITY IN THE CONSTRUCTION PROJECTS ID:... identify factors affecting to the fluctuation between real and planed labor productivity of construction projects - To assess the impact strength of these factors on the fluctuation of labor productivity. .. necessary to conduct the topic Factors Affecting the Fluctuation of Labor Productivity in the Construction Projects 1.2 Objective of the study This study is conducted to achieve the following objectives