Factors affecting sustainable development of fisheries enterprises in bac liêu

1 CHAPTER OVERVIEW OF FISHERIES ENTERPRISES DEVELOPMENT IN BAC LIEU PROVINCE AND RESEARCH ISSUES OF THE THESIS 1.1 Introduction In Vietnam, as in many other developing countries, enterprises play an important role in economic and social development of the country With a view of enterprises development as a long term strategy, consistency and transparency in the government’s action program, enterprises development policies are considered to contribute to enhance competitiveness, which play an important role in jobs offering, poverty reduction and social welfare work implementation Currently, most of enterprises in Vietnam are of small and medium-sized enterprises accounting for over 97% of enterprises in the whole country (Department of Business Development, the Ministry of Planning and Investment, 2011) Thus, considering the nature and the factors affecting sustainable development is now a research problem of the thesis First, assess the overall situation of the fisheries enterprises development in Bac Lieu and draw a number of reasons, limitation of fisheries enterprises development; Second, learn some of the issues of research, gaps of research, research objectives and research questions, research methods; Finally, discuss the results, new contribution and structure of the thesis 1.2 The urgency and gaps of the research Vietnamese seafood enterprises play an important role in the economic development of the country The size of the fisheries business is expanding and its role has increased constantly in the national economy Fisheries business is a particular sector from production, processing and export sectors including activities of industrial properties, agricultural, trade and services, structured into a unified system closely related to each other Currently, there are many research projects related to sustainable development typically, Kris Law (2010) brings research results of factors affecting sustainable development: The technology company having high production in Taiwan shows that companies producing high technology promote positive recognition of the impact of sustainable development factors from management, internal and external factors However, according to Kent Fairfield, Joel Harmon & Scott Behson (2011), the integration of sustainable business linkages between external influences and decisive progress towards sustainable development allows organizations of internal restrictions, sustainability practices and performance By 2013, a typical research project on sustainable development of small and medium enterprises in regional Australia: A framework for analysis, the results of resolving the relationship between the sustainable development of enterprises from internal and external factors (Parisa Salimzadeh, Jerry Courvisanos and Raveendranath Ravi Nayak, 2013), is considered as one of the most basic theoretical framework that the authors have studied in the past This framework is not concerned about the enterprise’s responsibility of products, the prevention of pollution within the enterprise, and this framework is not interested in market factors and social welfare of the enterprise, business enterprises are responsible to the communities in which businesses are operating Therefore, the results of research solve some problems of limited theoretical framework and improve the operation of businesses towards sustainable development The need for a theoretical framework analysis of factors affect the sustainable development of Parisa Salimzadeh, Jerry Courvisanos and Raveendranath Ravi Nayak (2013) and must be added to the model of sustainable development theory and application of this test model in a specific local area in the Mekong delta It is also a gap of theoretical framework needed to invest in research, and the integration with development situation analysis fisheries enterprises of Bac Lieu has drawn elements to characterize fisheries enterprises, and consistent with the theoretical framework of Parisa Salimzadeh, Jerry Courvisanos and Raveendranath Ravi Nayak (2013) 1.3 Overview of the fisheries enterprises development in Bac Lieu 1.3.1 The development of the fisheries enterprises The area of exports seafood processing enterprises is the main force of Bac Lieu Province The number of this enterprises sector accounts for 16.6% compared to the total number of provincial enterprises in 2013 with 1,318 enterprises Therefore, the Bac Lieu provincial governments are interested in supporting for the activities of the fisheries 1.3.2 Contribution situation of fisheries enterprises on social and economic development in Bac Lieu 1.3.2.1 Enterprises’ export seafood production According to the Seafood Production Association of Vietnam (VASEP), 2013, the total seafood export turnover in Vietnam is estimated at $ 6.5 billion In some local areas, there is the number of large shrimp processing factories in the country such as Ca Mau, Bac Lieu, Soc Trang, Shrimp exports have more positive changes Exports production of Bac Lieu Province has two major commodities such as rice and frozen seafood That shows a steady increase over the years, the export volume in 2009 reached 90.340 tons, in which the export volume of frozen seafood reached 20.340 tons; 105.861 tons of export volume in 2013, in which the export volume of frozen seafood reached 35.515 tons 1.3.2.2 Enterprises’ seafood export value In recent years, the economic experts have identified as the year in which the seafood processing business have more difficulties, not only on capital, interest rates, but also the challenges of processing ingredients However, seafood exports account for a very high percentage compared to agricultural products, expressed the value of exports increased steadily as in 2009, seafood export business increased to 151.680.000 USD in 2013, amounted to 376.512.000 USD (table 1.3) 1.3.3 The causes of fisheries enterprises development limitation in Bac Lieu On the basis of overview evaluation of seafood business development in Bac Lieu province, it draws some reason and limitations such as customer elements; market trend; lack of stakeholder needs; policy issues of state support; social security issues; workforce; The manager/owner; Product liability; environmental pollution prevention; fisheries enterprise development in Bac Lieu 1.4 Research issues of the thesis Sustainable development is a fundamental concept in business management through its association with a competitive advantage Significant progress has been made in this field in recent years, including the move from a narrow definition of sustainability of competitive advantage based on economic performance superior to a recognized the importance of making a connection with the economic impact, social and business environment (Harrison, Bosse, & Phillips, 2010) This has been debated from the perspective of sustainable development theory from the business stakeholders, which defines the main purpose and objective of the business as part of a network of stakeholders affected by the setting and the business objectives (Freeman, 1984) However, today, there are many scientific research projects in the field of sustainable development of enterprises Nevertheless, the author will expand new research as looking at the factors affecting sustainable development Therefore, sustainable development is now a new problem in Vietnam and in relation to the scale, production and business areas of the business should be very broad, it needs a more in-depth research and narrows at each production and business sectors, research student choose the topic "the factors affecting the sustainable development of Bac Lieu fisheries enterprises" to his doctoral thesis 1.4.1 Research objectives and research questions - Research objectives: (1) Identify the factors that affect the sustainable development of enterprises; (2) Determine the theoretical models and test models for sustainable development of enterprises; (3) Determine the implications for sustainable development of fisheries enterprises in Bac Lieu - Research questions: To address the research objectives, the thesis was done by answering the following research questions: (1) Considering the factors affecting sustainable development of fisheries enterprises? (2) What is the appropriate theoretical model for the sustainable development of fisheries enterprises in Bac Lieu? (3) What factors should fisheries enterprises concern for sustainable development? 1.4.2 The scope and objects of the research - The research scope of the thesis was seafood enterprises operating in the province of Bac Lieu - The objects of the dissertation research are inside and outside elements affecting sustainable development of seafood enterprises in Bac Lieu province - The respondents are managers of the seafood enterprises operating in the province of Bac Lieu 1.4.3 Research Methodology 1.4.3.1 The basis of data collection The thesis uses primary and secondary data sources to serve the research process 1.4.3.2 Research Methodology The methodology used in this thesis is combined with qualitative and quantitative methods 1.5 The results discussion and new contributions of the thesis - The new contributions for social security elements are added to the group of factors outside the enterprise, to expand social security from the perspective of the concept into sustainable development scale - Discover new inside and outside elements impact directly to the sustainable development of fisheries enterprises These elements can serve as a basis for research topics related to sustainable development of enterprises operating in each different business areas - The thesis has practical contribution to sustainable development of fisheries enterprises, through the implications for sustainable development of aquaculture enterprises Bac Lieu province in line with research findings 4 - The results of the thesis are used as references for researchers in the field of sustainable development of enterprises in many different fields in Vietnam 1.6 The structure of the thesis This thesis is divided into chapters with the main content of each chapter as follows: Chapter 1: Overview situation of the fisheries enterprises development in Bac Lieu and research issues of the thesis Chapter 2: Theoretical Foundations and proposed theoretical model of sustainable development for businesses Chapter 3: Study design Chapter 4: Results of the study Chapter 5: Conclusions and implications for sustainable development of fisheries enterprises in Bac Lieu CHAPTER THEORY AND THEORY MODEL FOR FISHERIES ENTERPRISES SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT IN BAC LIEU 2.1 Introduction In Chapter 2, the graduate student facilities system-related theories of enterprises sustainable development to establish a theoretical model for research proposal 2.2 The concept of sustainable development The concept of sustainable development was popularized in 1987 by the Brundtland Commission's Report on the World Comission of Environment and Development - WCED (now known as the Brundtland Commission) This report concepts: sustainable development as "development can meet the current needs without compromising, harming the ability to meet the needs of future generations" The concept of sustainable development is approached foreign and domestic shows sustainable development concept at the macro level of a country, specifically table below Table: Comparison of traditional development and sustainable development at the macro level Explanation Traditional development Sustainable development Long-term and stable development needs to solve main problems: - Economic sustainable development - Social sustainable development - Environmental sustainable development Objectives - Economic efficiency - Appropriate technology - To fully exploit the resources Effectiveness - Environmental degradation and - Stable economic growth depletion - Environmental protection - Gaps between the rich and poor, - Social justice segregation in education Source: compiled from research by Valentine and Spangenberg (2000), McWilliams & Siegel (2001), Becker (2005) and Le World et al (2010), Nguyen Ngoc Tran (2011), Nguyen Sinh Cuc (2012) In short, in view of the authors recommend: sustainable development is scientific and sustainable development activities not only focus on economic efficiency that contribute to environmental protection, solving economic harmony towards a new social and sustainable development From the concept of sustainable development at the macro level and consistent business principles of sustainable development, we aim to learn the concept of sustainable development at the micro level of the enterprises 2.3 The principles of sustainable development concept in line with the sustainable development of enterprises Enterprises increasingly contribute very significantly to the sustainable development of society for many decades, efforts to achieve sustainable development can be seen even on the micro level businesses, once the business has decided to sustainable development than pure profit, now refers to business efficiency not only in terms of service, product production and profits , but also the effects on the human social aspects (Lilia Dvorakova, Jitka Zborkova, 2014) Hence, it is necessary to make a change in the traditional approach switch to approach sustainable development trends Since then, research students learn concepts towards sustainable development of enterprises 2.4 The concept of sustainable development of enterprises Generalizing some concepts of enterprise development and towards the concept of sustainable development is now reflected in the following: First, the concept of enterprises development Atiqur Rahman Khan (2004) suggests that enterprise development is affecting the growth of the business: lack of skills at all levels, lack of industrial organization, the limited size of the market and low speed growth, lack of proper and constructive policies, poor technological level Jahangir Khan H (2012) The development of enterprises is the approach combining elements including: business, financial support, appropriate policy and institutional linkages, appropriate technologies and relationships market/demand for the product Second, the concept of sustainable development of enterprises According to Richard N Andrews (2003), "A sustainable business is a business that adds value for shareholders by contributing more than competitors and become the criteria for a sustainable business Contribution to sustainable development from the economic component elements, provide and improve "According to Bradley D Parrish (2005); Sustainable development can now be defined as an organization that contributes to sustainable development, where "sustainability" is understood as a human future and "development" is understood as a quality improvement in the human condition As Jim says Schorr (2006), Parrish (2007), QU Feng Geng (2007); Kris Law (2010) study of factors affecting the sustainable development of high-tech producing companies in Taiwan Kent Fairfield, Joel Harmon & Scott Behson (2011); Integrated concept of sustainable development is now the link between external influences and internal limitations, the drivers decided to sustainability, allowing basic organization, sustainable and efficient practices The Dow Jones Sustainability World (DJSI) of Acharya & SUDIPTA Prabodha C Das (2013); Sustainable development is the ability of the business to prosper in a global business environment and changing super competitive Research of Parisa Salimzadeh, Jerry Courvisanos and Raveendranath Ravi Nayak (2013) also provides the theoretical model of sustainable development of small and medium-sized enterprises in Australia, resulting in groups of two internal and external factors Thus, in contrast to the narrow views, the views of traditional enterprise development describes the relationship of input - output linear focused solely on maximizing short-term economic value, appeared a new approach to integrate sustainable development now have a more comprehensive and long-term view Sustainable development can now act as a tool to facilitate the the traditional to the modern transformation Table 2.2: Comparison of traditional enterprise development and sustainable development of enterprises Explanation Objectives Effectiveness Traditional enterprises development - To fully exploit the resources - Business performance - Final profit - Business efficiency is final - Profit is the main Sustainable enterprises development - Sustainability is the ultimate goal of enterprise development - Social Responsibility - Responsibility for the environment - Stable and sustainable growth - Protecting the environment - Social Community is concerned Source: compiled from research Khan Atiqur Rahman (2004), Jahangir Khan H (2012) and Richard N Andrews (2003), Bradley D Parrish (2005), Parrish (2007), Kris Law (2010), Kent Fairfield, Joel Harmon & Scott Behson (2011), Parisa Salimzadeh, Jerry Courvisanos and Raveendranath Ravi Nayak (2013) In view of the fellows on sustainable development at the micro level of the enterprise, it is recommended as follows: "Sustainable development is the ability to solve business relationships by environmental internal and external factors affecting corporate sustainable development " It is aimed to apply the concept of sustainable development at the micro level of the enterprise in the research field of fisheries enterprises in Bac Lieu province 2.5 The approach of theoretical models for enterprises sustainable development From relationships to balance the theoretical model of sustainable development, it is drawn from three theoretical models of sustainable development as follows 2.5.1 The theoretical model of factors affecting the sustainable development of high technology producing enterprises in Taiwan Kris Law (2010) proposes theoretical models and research results of factors affecting the sustainable development of the enterprise: The high technology producing enterprise in Taiwan The results show that high technology producing companies promote positive recognition of the factors affecting the sustainable development of management, internal and external enterprise while management / business owners feel the level of sustainable development at a reasonable level However, this theoretical model focuses on the study of high-tech enterprises in Taiwan, if applying this model to study the regional businesses in the Mekong Delta or in a local business in the area is not suitable By enterprises in the provinces in the region concentrate production, sales of some products of seafood processing for export, When applying theoretical models of sustainable development production high technology enterprises in Taiwan will not be suitable for sustainable development of fishery enterprises in Bac Lieu province However, some internal and external factors can fit to study sustainable development of fishery enterprises in Bac Lieu province Thus, the study aims to learn theoretical models 5.2.2 Unified theoretical model of the performance of the organization affecting the enterprises sustainable development Studies and recommendations on theoretical models of Kent Fairfield, Joel Harmon & Scott Behson (2011) has studied inheritance pattern of Joel Harmon (2009) to extend the theoretical model "Implementation of the organization affects corporate sustainable development: an integrated model " Integrating sustainable business linkages between enterprises influences, the drivers decided to sustainability, allowing basic organization, the limited internal (within the enterprise), methods sustainability and sustainable development performance businesses 7 The research results of the integrated model of sustainable development now appears to extend what previous researchers have done, by gathering mostly different theory and results achieved connections related to sustainable development premise enterprise In particular, theoretical models help us see more clearly the direct impact of indirect general and the implementation of sustainable development practices affecting businesses from the internal and external factors In addition, this model is studied theory focuses primarily from multinational companies, transnational companies and large US companies When given the size, level of development in the US will now far differ to the size and level of development in Vietnam now, businesses in Vietnam are mostly the kind of small and medium enterprises accounted for over 97% (Department of business Development, the Ministry of Planning and Investment, 2011) If applying unified theoretical model in the performance of the organization affecting the sustainable development of business in the US to study business in Vietnam, it will find many risks, in appropriation of scale and business development level Next Fellows outlining theoretical models will use research and development into sustainable fisheries enterprises in Bac Lieu 5.2.3 The theoretical model for sustainable development in small and medium enterprises in regional Australia First, learning the theoretical models studied by Parisa Salimzadeh, Jerry Courvisanos and Raveendranath Ravi Nayak (2013) provides a theoretical framework for research "Sustainable development of small and medium enterprises in regional Australia: An area framework", the result of two factors groups: internal and external factors Theoretical model of sustainable development in small and medium enterprises in regional Australia is considered the model of sustainable development theory now more complete and consistent development of business situation as in Vietnam, the majority of business small and medium enterprises in Vietnam accounted for over 97%, also better suited than Kris theoretical models of MY Law (2010) and Kent Fairfield, Joel Harmon & Scott Behson (2011) This model approach is also seen as models of research platforms in the thesis, but Fellows had inherited factors, adjustments and new additions from theoretical models of Parisa Salimzadeh, Jerry Courvisanos and Raveendranath Ravi Nayak (2013) Overall, three theoretical models and testing model results above related to sustainable development enterprise, drawing some comments from the problems related to the impact factors and the relationship to sustainable development for businesses as the basis for further studies Summary table approach factors affecting the sustainable development of enterprises Authors F1 F2 F3 F4 F5 F6 F7 F8 F8 F9 Robert, Hart (1995)   Jun Ma (2012), Kris    Law (2010) Kent, Joel, Scott     (2011) Joel Harmon (2009)   Lou, Helmut (2013)  Parisa, Jerry and       Raveendranath (2013) Source: research synthesis of the author Note: factor (Customer), factor (Market Trends), factor (Lack of stakeholders needs), factor (State support policy), factor (social security), factor (workforce), factor (manager / owner), factor (product liability), factor (environmental pollution prevention) 2.6 The proposed theoretical model formation for sustainable development of fisheries enterprises in Bac Lieu The theoretical model aims to evaluate the internal and external factors having impact on enterprises sustainable development There are only three theoretical models, Kris Law (2010) and Kent Fairfield, Joel Harmon, Scott Behson (2011) with experimental studies, and theoretical models Parisa Salimzadeh, Jerry Courvisanos and Raveendranath Ravi Nayak (2013) that is not working empirically In fact, if you use the available theoretical models to find hidden risk, due to the development of different markets But overall, the theoretical model of sustainable development in small and medium enterprises in regional Australia to apply to study Vietnam business type is appropriate, most types of small and medium enterprises in Vietnam are accounted for over 97% Therefore, the application of theoretical models Salimzadeh Parisa, Jerry Courvisanos and Raveendranath Ravi Nayak (2013) into Vietnam market, namely Bac Lieu need qualitative research of internal and external factors of enterprises, while eliminating some inappropriate factors and adjust, supplement a number of factors to suit local research This will be the content of the proposed theoretical model studies Theoretical models grouped from internal and external factors will impact on sustainable development of fishery enterprise in Bac Lieu Province, expressing the concepts related to two groups of attribute internal and external factors (model) F1 Customer F2 Market trends F3 Lack of stakeholder needs nee F4 State support policy F5 Social security INTERNAL FACTORS Fisheries enterprises sustainable development EXTERNAL FACTORS F6 Workforce F7 Manager/Owner F8 Product liability F9 Environmental pollution prevention Model: Proposed theoretical model of factors affecting the sustainable development of fisheries enterprises in Bac Lieu 2.6.1 External factors of enterprises The hypothesis that external factors have direct impact on sustainable development to specific businesses: Hypothesis H1: Customer factor has positive impact on sustainable development of fisheries enterprises Hypothesis H2: Market trends have a positive impact to fisheries enterprises sustainable development Hypothesis H3: Lack of stakeholder needs has a positive impact relationship to fisheries enterprises sustainable development Hypothesis H4: Policies to support state haspositive impact on sustainable development of fisheries enterprises Hypothesis H5: Social Security has a positive impact relationship to fisheries enterprises sustainable development 2.6.2 Internal factors of enterprises The hypothesis that the internal elements have relationships of directly impact on specific enterprises sustainable development: Hypothesis H6: The workforce has a positive impact to fisheries enterprises sustainable development Hypothesis H7: The manager/owner has positive impact on sustainable development of fisheries enterprises Hypothesis H8: Product Liability has positive impact on sustainable development of fisheries enterprises Hypothesis H9: Prevention of pollution have positive working relationship to develop sustainable fisheries enterprises 2.6.3 Elements of enterprises sustainable development According to Maurizio Zollo (2013), it provides a general theoretical framework of sustainable business innovation model However, Lou Tessier, Helmut Schwarzer (2013) make the policy instrument of sustainable development through improved business environment and territorial as starting from the perspective of continuous improvement in working conditions and working environment, directly affect the health of employees and the impact on local residents Parisa Salimzadeh, Jerry Courvisanos and Raveendranath Ravi Nayak (2013) provides a theoretical framework that analyzes the sustainable development of small and medium enterprises: An analytical framework of internal and external factors Sustainable development is now with the involvement of regional communities, the natural environment Based on the study and the theoretical framework, a theoretical framework is developed which shows the internal and external factors defined relationships affecting sustainable development and fisheries business field in Bac Lieu province 2.7 Conclusion On the basis of forming the theoretical model domestic and foreign researches related to the sustainable development of enterprises From the concepts, theoretical framework establishes relationship factors that measure the extent of the impact of the independent variables on the dependent variable in order to select appropriate models for the sustainable development of fisheries enterprises in the province Bac Lieu The next chapter will present content research methods, using qualitative methods combining with quantitative methods in order to clarify the research objectives of the thesis 10 Chapter STUDY DESIGN 3.1 Introduction Chapter describes an overview of the research methods of the thesis, sets out the options and arguments for the selection of appropriate research methods to set goals, plan to collect secondary and primary data 3.2 Study Design According to Zikmund (2000) and Blaikie (2003), researchers have explained that it may take time for a quantitative method; A general consensus was formed recently that studies using qualitative methods in combination with quantitative and mixed approach provides stronger more useful results (Cavana et al 2001; Creswell, 2003; Hair et al, 2006) Also, Saunders (2000) and Zikmund (2000) suggested that the qualitative and quantitative indicators can complement each other if applied effectively and to enrich the data collected, especially in new research areas The issue here is to understand the new research area of the thesis as the intersection between economic development and business administration, as the case study of factors affecting the sustainable development of fisheries enterprises of Bac Lieu 3.2.1 Qualitative methods 3.2.1.1 Process of qualitative methods - Firstly; Research bases on secondary information sources through published study inside and outside the country - Secondly; Fellows have conducted discussion with 12 people respectively corporate management team to explore the internal and external factors affecting fishery business sustainable development, the data collected that overlap of 60% or higher are selected 3.2.1.2 Qualitative Findings Research results by interview, in addition to the assessment also allows the study to open up new aspects of the problem (Easterby-Smith, Thorpe & Lowe, 1991) The interview of this thesis aims to find out the factors affecting sustainable development of fisheries enterprises in Bac Lieu (Appendix 1) Detailed results are presented in the table below The result of the factors affecting sustainable development of fisheries enterprises Groups of factors Assessment % agreement results level External factors 1) Customers 11/12 92% 2) Market trend 10/12 83% 3) Lack of stakeholder needs 10/12 83% 4) State support policy 9/12 75% 5) Social security 8/12 67% Internal factors 1) Workforce 11/12 92% 2) Owner 10/12 83% 3) Product responsibility 9/12 75% 4) Environmental pollution prevention 8/12 67% Source: research results of the author Overall, results of information collected are diverse and meet the necessary requirements for the formal quantitative research 11 3.2.2 Quantitative Approach The method involves quantitative data analysis to examine the objectivity and accuracy of the evidence (Zikmund, 2000; Cavan et al, 2001; Creswell, 2003) 3.2.2.1 The design and sample size Issues that the represent the sample are the sample design and sample size (Zikmund, 2000; Cavana et al, 2001) Measurement model includes 39 observed variables, according to (Hair & CTG, 1998), sample size n = 195 is necessary (39 x 5) To achieve the proposed sample size of 230, the author released survey directly to the interview, the results of 227 samples are used officially 3.2.2.2 Development of questions Qualitative research results from the construction of the scale, since there is a question as a means of communication for data collection; including a set of written questions to the respondents, the design of the questions is one of the important stages of the survey process (Zikmund, 2000) so that respondents can answer the questions easier and to encrypt questions, tabulation and interpretation (Cavana et al., 2001) From the above facts, the language used in the questions is simple and questions have been provided by the language matching the suitable language of the respondents 3.2.2.3 Design of Questionnaire The questionnaire was designed with a total of 39 questions and is divided into 10 elements; in which elements are independent, and element is the independent variable This study was selected to measure attitude as Likert scale, rated each item scale, Likert scale is the most popular among the scale and is designed to test the rate reported on a scale of to points (Cavana et al, 2001; Creswell, 2003) Likert scale used in this study questionnaire was chosen as points 3.2.2.4 Data Analysis Once the data has been edited, coded and entered into SPSS software, data analysis was done Analysis is the application of theory to understand and interpret the data collected in the study (Zikmund, 2000) The techniques used to analyze the data in the study of the thesis is described: Cronbach's alpha coefficient (Cronbach's alpha, denoted α); EFA factor analysis; a multiple regression analysis 3.3 Construction Scale Based on the original scale of the theoretical model was tested previously, adjustments, new additions and combined with qualitative research results (Appendix 2), on the basis that measures the impact of independent variables on the dependent variable (sustainable development fisheries enterprises in Bac Lieu In fact, these variables is often interrupted and a multiple regression model can match the intervals scale, to measure the level of or more points The observed variations of this scale are measured by the point Likert scale Among them: (1) Fully objections; (2) Objections; (3) The capacity; (4) Agreement and (5) Total agreement 3.3.1 Scale of external factors - Customer - Market Trends - Lack of stakeholder needs - Policies of state support - Social Security 12 3.3.2 Scale of internal factors - Workforce (employees) - The manager (owner) - Product Liability - Prevention of Environmental Pollution 3.3.3 Scale of seafood business sustainable Development From the results of qualitative research (Appendix 2), the sustainable development factors of seafood business are based on the original scale of enterprises development by Joel Harmon (2009), Kent Fairfield, Joel Harmon, Scott Behson (2011) and Parisa Salimzadeh, Jerry Courvisanos and Raveendranath Ravi Nayak (2013) and new adjustment results through qualitative research scale to suit the situation of fishery enterprises sustainable development in Bac Lieu In short, the external and internal elements that impact sustainable development of fisheries enterprises are measured by the observed variables, symbols and coding of the measured variables (table below):  Scale factors inside and outside the enterprise, sustainable development scale fisheries businesses: Type Symbol Names EF External factors of enterprises F1 Customers F2 Market Trend F3 Lack of Stakeholder Demand F4 State policy support F5 IF F6 F7 F8 Independent variables Dependent variables F9 Y Observed variables (Symbol) Quadratic scale (hidden variable) is measured through the elements The observed variables to measure; denoted C: C1 to C4 The observed variables to measure; denoted MT: từ MT1 đến MT4 The observed variables to measure; denoted LSD: từ LSD1 đến LSD4 The observed variables to measure; denoted SPS: từ SPS1 đến SPS4 Social Security The observed variables to measure; denoted SS: từ SS1 đến SS4 Internal factors of enterprises Quadratic scale (hidden variable) is measured through elements Workforce The observed variables to measure; denoted WI: từ WI1 đến WI4 Owner The observed variables to measure; denoted M: từ M1 đến M4 Product Liability The observed variables to measure; denoted PL: từ PL1 đến PL3 Environmental Pollution The observed variables to measure; Prevention denoted PEP: từ PEP1 đến PEP3 Sustainable Development of The observed variables to measure; Enterprises denoted SDE: từ SDE1 đến SDE5 The corporate form of ownership: the scale is the scale level identifiers have a choice questions Forms of business ownership, denoted SHDN; Corporation, observed coding variations: 1; Limited company, coding variation observed: 2; Private enterprises, encryption observed variables: 3.4 The theoretical model for sustainable development of fisheries enterprises in Bac Lieu 13 The proposed elements group, external factors group (EF) from F1 to F5, and internal elements within the group (IF) from F6 to F9 according to (Table 3.13) above The regression equation takes the following form: Y = f (F1, F2, F3, F4, F5, F6, F7, F8, F9) Y = b1F1 + b2F2+ b3F3+ b4F4 + b5F5 + b6F6+ b7F7 + b8F8 + b9F9 + ε Whereas: ε: residual; Ball: regression coefficient; F1: Client; F2: market trends; F3: Lack of stakeholder needs; F4: The policy of state support; F5: Social Security; F6: workforce (employees); F7: The manager (owner); F8: Product Responsibility; F9: pollution prevention; Y: sustainable development enterprises enterprises of Bac Lieu 3.5 Conclusion The results build scale for factors affecting sustainable development of fisheries enterprises in Bac Lieu province, and are measured by 39 observed variables (or called the 39 criteria) and are calculated according to calculation of elements in order to analyze the multiple regression model In chapter 4, we analyze the results of theoretical models proposed for the sustainable development of fisheries enterprises in Bac Lieu Chapter RESEARCH RESULTS 4.1 Introduction Chapter is presented as follows: The first stage of section 4.2 is the descriptive analysis of business ownership form and operational forms of fisheries enterprises in Bac Lieu to answer questions The second phase, the data analysis is done in section 4.3 Results of suggested theoretical models for the sustainable development of fisheries enterprises of Bac Lieu The third stage, 4.4 results conclusion Finally conclusion 4.2 Descriptive Analysis The results of descriptive questions describing business ownership and type of activity of fisheries enterprises in Bac Lieu answered questions 4.2.1 Business Ownership Percentage of respondents in the study working in businesses with ownership limited liability company (Ltd) accounted for 50.70% quite high; joint stock Company accounted for 16.70% and private enterprises accounted for 32.60% The data show that the rate also reflects the actual number of enterprises classified by type of ownership in Bac Lieu province 4.2.2Fisheries enterprises Fisheries enterprises focus on the business sectors listed in the study of the thesis In which the respondents working in the seafood processing sector accounted for 43.20% of export; the field of seafood processing accounted for 15.90%; wholesale food sector and fisheries business accounted for 14.10% Therefore, the study listed under all three sectors accounted for 26.90% 4.2.3 Average of the observed variables The survey results of 227 enterprises on sustainable development of fishery enterprises in Bac Lieu are shown in Table 4.3 to 39 observed variables (criteria) are rearranged in order from lowest to the highest agreement Level of assessment from "totally disagree" = to "totally agree" = 5, the criteria manager respondents rated at an average of 2.10 to 3.91 This shows that, with the criteria given for the survey of sustainable development of fishery enterprises in Bac Lieu, the business 14 managers only answer more than level of agreement (not totally agree) The observed variables have a standard deviation 0539 to 0955 4.3 Result of proposed theoretical model of sustainable development of fisheries enterprises in Bac Lieu 4.3.1 Analysis results of Cronbach's alpha scale Analytical results of observed variables in Cronbach's alpha scale is presented with the results of the coefficient Cronbach's alpha of the scale coefficient Cronbach's alpha greater than 0.60, and the correlation coefficient variation - general are satisfactory (greater than 0:30); with Cronbach's alpha results table below Table: Summary of elements analysis and Cronbach's alpha No Symbol of Factors factors EF External factors C Customer MT Market trends LSD Lack of stakeholders demand SPS State support policy SS Social security IF Internal factors WI Workforce M Manager PL Product liability PEP Prevention of environmental pollution SDE Sustainable development of enterprises Cronbach’s alpha scale 0.929 0.905 0.918 0.875 0.841 0.733 0.768 0.833 0.669 0.836 Source: handling research results of the author Reviews Results Cronbach's alpha scale internal and external factors of the enterprise than the original scale research was previously tested (in Section 3.3 Construction scale, Chapter Research Design) This result indicates that the internal and external factors relevant in explaining the development of sustainable fisheries enterprises of Bac Lieu Thus, the Cronbach's coefficient alpha and scale the correlation coefficient variation - general requirements are achieved (Appendix 4.1) 4.3.1.3 The results of factor scale analysis of fisheries enterprises sustainable development by Cronbach's alpha Analytical results of Cronbach's alpha scale of sustainable development of fisheries enterprises with Cronbach's coefficient results 0.836 is satisfactory The total coefficient correlation of variation is also greater than 0.30 and the smallest total coefficient correlation variable - is 0.464 (SDE2 The profit achieved as desired by the enterprises) and the coefficient correlation variables - is 0.743 (SDE3 market share was stable and the expected expansion of the business) Thus, the Cronbach's coefficient alpha and scale the correlation coefficient variation - general requirements are achieved 4.3.2 Results of explore factors scales analysis EFA EFA factor analysis results show that scale with extract factor is satisfactory, extracted variance is greater than 50% and the weighted factors are largely greater than 0.50, with the weighted index factors are greater than 12.50, results stop at when criticized by factors Eigenvalue 1.290 (value ≥ 1) and extract = 75.348% variance and factor analysis results exploring EFA (Appendix 5.1) 15 The analysis result of sustainable development factors of seafood enterprises exploring EFA shows satisfactory scale with extracted factor, extracted variance greater than 50% and the weighted factors are larger majority 0.50, with only target weighting factors are greater than 0.50, the result stops at when criticized by factors Eigenvalue 1.290 (value ≥ 1) and extract = 75.348% variance and factor analysis results exploring EFA (sub Contents 5.2) In summary, the results of analysis of Cronbach's alpha and factor analysis discovered EFA, with the original theory laid out five key factors are measured through elements (from F1 to F9), with elements put to test in a multiple regression model 4.3.3 The results of suggested theoretical models for the sustainable development of fisheries enterprises in Bac Lieu 4.3.3.1 The test results theoretical models (1) Analysis of average and standard deviation According to the results of the treatment set in the table 4.10 shows that the average value of the factors affecting the sustainable development of fisheries enterprises in Bac Lieu ranged from 2.621 to 3.581 with a scale from to and standard deviation from 0.5619 to 0.8546 (below 1) The meaning of the standard deviation is a value representing the degree of convergence or energy dispersion of a set of data, the standard deviation of 0.5619 to 0.8546 represents a data set with a small standard deviation and it proves that the data have high similarity in general (2) Testing of the study model To estimate the parameters in the model, the factors affecting the sustainable development of fisheries enterprises are calculated according to the calculation of the internal and external elements (from F1 to F9) of the independent variable measuring these factors and calculated way scoring factor for sustainable development of fishery enterprises (dependent variable Y) In the case of this thesis, research student calculated using factor scores to perform analysis of multivariate regression equation Regression equation used ordinary least squares method with concurrent model (Enter) through SPSS statistical software Fellows used calculation method selected targets in test regression assumptions including: the phenomenon of multicollinearity (VIF 0.05 (95% confidence level) to ensure there are no multicollinearity phenomenon and the phenomenon of variance changes not appear (3) Inspection of the suitability of the model - The level of explanation of the model Based on the internal and external factors research, including factors affecting sustainable development and fisheries business model also has relevance request for correction factor R2adj = 0.412 the interpretation of the internal and external factors that impact the sustainable development of fisheries enterprises in Bac Lieu In other words, the adjustment coefficient R2adj = 41.2% is the degree to explain the internal and external elements (the variable degrees up) affects sustainable development of fishery enterprise in Bac Lieu (dependent variable) , a correction factor varies from to (100%) Assumptions about the independence of the remainder also reflected in violation DurbinWatson coefficient by 1.785 range from to 3, concluded the model without residual autocorrelation According to Chu Nguyen Mong Hoang Trong and Jade (2008), if [...]... external and internal factors are the impact of the way to sustainable development of fisheries enterprises of Bac Lieu and standardized regression coefficient has positive sign (+), with a significance level of P = 0:00 Summary results of hypothetical factors affecting sustainable development of fishery enterprises in Bac Lieu Hypothesis Factors affecting sustainable development of fisheries Results enterprises. .. theory system of enterprises sustainable development 5.3 Implications for sustainable development of fisheries enterprises in Bac Lieu 5.3.1 The implications for sustainable development of seafood business Sustainable development of fisheries businesses are sectors of producing goods, with prestigious brands, have high competitiveness in the international economic integration, based on promoting the advantages... positive impact relationship to Accepted H8 sustainable development of fisheries enterprises Prevention of environmental pollution has a positive impact Accepted H9 relationship to sustainable development of fisheries enterprises 19 4.4 Findings discussion of factors affecting the sustainable development of fisheries enterprises in Bac Lieu (1) Social Security (F5) F5 factors, the coefficient b5 = 0.332 and... impact on sustainable development of fisheries enterprises in Bac Lieu, including F1, F2, F3, F4, F5, F6, F7, F8, F9 and the results of testing the regression coefficient of the model are satisfied with the reliability of 95% (p