GRAMMAR AND EXERCISES GRADE 12 Tiếng Anh 12 theo từng unit

GRAMMAR AND EXERCISES GRADE 12 Tiếng Anh 12 theo từng unitGRAMMAR AND EXERCISES GRADE 12 Tiếng Anh 12 theo từng unitGRAMMAR AND EXERCISES GRADE 12 Tiếng Anh 12 theo từng unitGRAMMAR AND EXERCISES GRADE 12 Tiếng Anh 12 theo từng unitGRAMMAR AND EXERCISES GRADE 12 Tiếng Anh 12 theo từng unitGRAMMAR AND EXERCISES GRADE 12 Tiếng Anh 12 theo từng unitGRAMMAR AND EXERCISES GRADE 12 Tiếng Anh 12 theo từng unitGRAMMAR AND EXERCISES GRADE 12 Tiếng Anh 12 theo từng unitGRAMMAR AND EXERCISES GRADE 12 Tiếng Anh 12 theo từng unit GRAMMAR AND EXERCISES GRADE 12 Tiếng Anh 12 theo từng unit

WORD FORM Cách nhận biết từ loại: a Cánh nhận biết danh từ: danh từ thường có hậu tố sau: -TION/ -ATION invention, information, education -MENT development, employment -ENCE/-ANCE difference, importance -NESS richness, happiness, business -ER (chỉ người) teacher, worker, writer, singer -OR (chỉ người) inventor, visitor, actor -IST (chỉ người) physicist, biologist, chemist -AR/-ANT/-EE (chỉ người) beggar, assistant, employee -ING teaching, schooling -AGE teenage, marriage -SHIP friendship, championship -ISM (chủ nghĩa) pessimism, optimism -(I)TY possibility, responsibility, reality, beauty (verb)-AL refusal, arrival, survival -TH warmth, strength, youth, truth, depth b Cánh nhận biết tính từ: tính từ thường có hậu tố sau: -FUL successful, helpful, beautiful -LESS (nghĩa phủ định) homeless, careless (noun)-Y (có nhiều) rainy, snowy, windy (noun)-LY (có vẻ, hàng ngày giờ.ngày ) friendly, yearly, daily -ISH selfish, childish (noun)-AL (thuộc về) natural, cutural -OUS nervous, dangerous, famous -IVE active, expensive -IC electric, economic -ABLE comfortable, acceptable c Cánh nhận biết động từ: động từ thường có tiền tố hậu tố sau: Tiền tố ENendanger, enlarge, enrich (làm giàu), encourage (động viên) -FY classify, satisfy, beautify -IZE, -ISE socialize, modernize, industrialize -EN widen, frighten -ATE considerate, translate d Cánh nhận biết trạng từ: trạng từ thường có hậu tố -LY Ex: beautifully, carefully, suddenly, carelessly, recently Lưu ý: Một số trạng từ đặc biệt cần ghi nhớ: - good (a) well (adv): giỏi, tốt - late (a) late / lately (adv): trễ, chậm - ill (a) ill (adv): xấu, tồi, - fast (a) fast (adv): nhanh - hard (a) hard (adv): tích cực, vất vả, chăm hardly (adv): không Chức số từ loại: a Danh từ (Noun) Sau tính từ (adj + N) They are interesting books Sau - mạo từ: a /an / the - từ định: this, that, these, those, every, each, … - từ số lượng: many, some, few, little, several - tính từ sở hữu: my, his, her, your, our, their, its… Sau ngoại động từ (V cần O) Sau giới từ (prep + N) Trước V chia (N làm chủ từ) Sau enough (enough + N) b Tính từ (Adj) He is a student These flowers are beautiful She needs some water She buys books She meets a lot of people He talked about the story yesterday He is interested in music The main has just arrived I don’t have enough money to buy that house Trước N (Adj + N) Sau TO BE Sau: become, get, look, feel, taste, smell, seem … This is an interesting books I am tired It becomes hot She feels sad Sau trạng từ (adv + adj): extremely (cực kỳ), It is extremely cold completely (hoàn toàn), really (thực sự), terribly, very, I’m terribly sorry quite, rather, … She is very beautiful Sau keep / make + O + Adj The news made me happy Sau too ( be + too + adj) That house is too small Trước enough (be + adj + enough) The house isn’t large enough Trong cấu trúc: be + so + adj + that She was so angry that she can’t speak A, an, the, this, that, his, her, their, my, … + (Adj) + My new car is blue Noun Trong câu cảm thán: - How + adj + S + V How beautiful the girl is! - Wht + (a / an) + adj + N What an interesting film! c Trạng từ (Adv) Sau V thường Trước Adj Giữa cụm V Đầu câu trước dấu phẩy Sau too V + too + adv Trong cấu trúc V + so + adv + that Trước enough V + adv + enough He drove carefully I meet an extremely handsome man She has already finished the job Unfortunately, I couldn’t come the party They walked too slowly to catch the bus Jack drove so fast that he caused an accident You should write clearly enough for every body to read VẬN DỤNG How many took part in the 22nd SEA Games? A competitors B competitive C competes D competitions Boys often enjoy doing things in a way A create B creative C creativity D creatively The problem of among young people is hard to solve A employment B employee C employers D unemployment The children high grade at school A achieve B achievement C achievable D achieving She was the first in her family to enjoy the privilege of a university A educated B educational C educating D education Buckingham Palace is a major tourist in London A attract B attraction C attractive D attractiveness Some species of rare animals are in of extinction A danger B dangerous C dangerously D endanger Electronic music is a kind of music in which sounds are produced A electron B electric C electronic D electronically Are you sure that boys are more than girls? A act B active C action D activity 10 These quick and easy can_be effective in the short term, but they have a cost A solve B solvable C solutions D solvability 11 Housework is shared between them A equally B equal C equality D equalizing 12 Don't forget to say goodbye to the before leaving the office A interviewer B interviewing C interviewee D interview 13 Vietnamese athletes performed and won a lot of gold medals A excellent B excellently C excellence D excel 14 WHO's main activities are carrying out research on medical and improving internationnal healthy care A develop B developing C development D develops 15 The panda's habitat is the bamboo forest A nature B natural C naturally D natured 16 To Americans, it is impolite to ask someone about age, and salary A marry B married C marriage D marrying 17 Life here is very A peaceful B peacefully C peace D peacefulness 18 Farmers can enrich the soil by using A fertile B fertility C fertilize D fertilizers 19 Nowadays, chemicals are into some fruits to reduce decay A injection B injecting C inject D injected 20 What's your ?_- I'm Vietnamese A nation B national C nationality D international WORD FORM EXERCISE 1.We must limit population _because our resources are limited ( GROW ) 2.Children get a great deal of when Tet comes ( EXCITE ) 3.The English language training is a good for any career (PREPARE ) 4.There is a _of food in flooded areas ( SHORT ) 5.many people are not aware of population _( EXPLODE ) 6.The United Nation ia an international _( ORGANISE ) 7.The area that has the population growth rate is Latin America ( HIGH ) 8.Mut , which is _fruit , is very popular ( CANDY ) 9.Do you know how to cook _foods ? ( TRADITION ) 10.We should carry out population programmes ( EDUCATE ) 11.Some countries are poor because they have few _recourses ( NATURE ) 12.People believe that having many children means ( HAPPY ) 13.Taking part in this helped me more self-confident ( COMPETE ) 14.Were women _allowed to participate in the Boston races in 1957 ? ( OFFICE ) 15. _, nobody was injured in the accident last night ( LUCKY ) 16.They emphasized the physical fitness and ( STRONG ) 17.We don’t go to work on _Independence Day ( NATION) 18.Overpopulation causes many problems to the world , particularly _countries (DEVELOP ) 19. on winning the tennis championship!( CONGRATULATE ) 20.A music is an event whish is held every four years ( COMPETE ) UNIT & UNIT SOUNDS AND STRESS SOUNDS CÁCH PHÁT ÂM "S" CUỐI : trường hợp danh từ số nhiều nhiều động từ số - Có cách phát âm –s –es tận * đọc thành âm /s/ với từ có âm cuối / p, f, k, t, θ / * đọc thành âm /iz/ với từ có âm cuối / s, z, ∫, t∫, dƷ/ * đọc thành âm /z/ với trường hợp lại - Examples: * /s/: maps, books, hats, coughs, laughs, photographs … * /iz/: buses, watches, roses, washes, boxes… * /z/: bells, eyes, plays … Lưu ý: - Khi *th phát âm / θ / –s /–es phát âm / s / baths, … - Khi *th phát âm / ð / –s /–es phát âm / z / cloths, clothes, bathes,… - Khi *gh phát âm / f / –s phát âm / s / laughs, coughs, … - Khi *gh âm câm –s phát âm / z / ploughs, Ngọai lệ: bình thường chữ s phát âm /s/, có ngoại lệ cần nhớ: - Chữ s đọc /z /sau từ :busy, please, easy, present, desire, music, pleasant, desert, choose, reason, preserve, poison -Chữ s đọc /'∫/ sau từ sugar,sure Exercise: Hãy chọn từ có phần gạch có cách phát âm khác với từ lại:S/ES A helps B laughs C cooks D finds A neighbors B friends C relatives D photographs A cities B satellites C series D workers 4 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 A develops A proofs A involves A miles A sports A nations A proofs A dates A parents A chores A works A coughs A works A wishes A grasses A pens A repeats A humans A manages A dishes A fills A wants A books A biscuits A knees A cups A houses B takes B regions B believes B words B plays B speakers B looks B bags B brothers B dishes B shops B sings B stops B practices B stretches B books B classmates B dreams B laughs B oranges B adds B books B dogs B magazines B peas B stamps B faces C laughs C lifts C suggests C accidents C chores C languages C lends C photographs C weekends C houses C shifts C stops C shifts C introduces C comprises C phones C amuses C concerts C photographs C experiences C stirs C stops C cats C newspapers C trees C books C hates D volumes D rocks D steals D names D minds D minds D stops D speaks D feelings D coaches D plays D sleeps D plays D leaves D potatoes D tables D attacks D songs D makes D chores D lets D sends D maps D vegetables D niece D pens D places CÁCH PHÁT ÂM “ –ED” CUỐI : Đây hình thức Past tensen Past participle: “-ed ” pronounced as / id /: sau / t, d / : Thường sau chữ t, d : Ex: wanted; decided “-ed ” pronounced as / t /: sau / k, f, p, s, ∫, t∫, h ,θ/ chữ p, k, f, th, s, sh, ch : Ex: asked; stopped; laughed “-ed ” pronounced as / d / : Trừ trường hợp : Ex: moved; played; raised Ngọai lệ: Đi -ed tính từ sau phát âm /id/: aged, learned, beloved, blessed, naked Exercise: Hãy chọn từ có phần gạch có cách phát âm khác với từ lại:ED A failed B reached C absorbed A invited B attended C celebrated A removed B washed C hoped A looked B laughed C moved A wanted B parked C stopped A laughed B passed C suggested A believed B prepared C involved A lifted B lasted C happened A collected B changed C formed 10 A walked B entertained C reached 11 A watched B stopped C pushed 12 A admired B looked C missed 13 A proved B changed C pointed 14 A helped B laughed C cooked 15 A smoked B followed C titled 16 A coughed B phoned C booked 17 A talked B looked C naked 18 A developed B ignored C laughed 19 A phoned B stated C mended D solved D displayed D missed D stepped D watched D placed D liked D decided D viewed D looked D improved D hoped D played D intended D implied D stopped D worked D washed D old-aged 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 A clapped A involved A remembered A smiled A reversed A minded A proved A dated A scaled A behaved A worked B attracted B believed B cooked B regarded B choked B hated B looked B changed B stared B washed B shopped C lifted C praised C closed C suggested C played C exchanged C stopped C struggled C phoned C clicked C missed D needed D locked D cleaned D naked D sentenced D old-aged D coughed D agreed D hundred D approached D played BÀI TẬP VỀ CÁC NGUYÊN ÂM VÀ CÁC PHỤ ÂM KHÁC: A heat B scream C meat D dead A breakfast B teacher C east D please A thrilling B other C through D something A idea B going C will D trip A face B place C prepared D days A Germany B garden C gate D gas A scholarship B Christ C school D chicken A house B harm C hour D husband A hundred B exhausted C however D heat 10 A head B ready C mean D weather 11 A choir B cheap C child D chair 12 A charge B child C teacher D champagne 13 A reason B clear C mean D each 14 A motion B question C mention D fiction 15 A gather B good C large D again STRESS - Một số quy tắc để nhận biết trọng âm: 1/ Trọng âm thường rơi vào tiền tố (prefix) hậu tố (suffix):  ví dụ: dislike, unhappy, uncertain, disappointed, unashamed, forefather * Ngoại lệ: 'foresight , 'forecast , 'unkeep , 'upland , 'surname , 'subway Dưới vài hậu tố không thay đổi dấu nhấn từ gốc V + ment: ag'ree (thoả thuận) =>ag'reement V + al: ap'prove (chấp thuận) => ap'proval V + ance: re'sist (chống cự) =>re'sistance (sự V + y: de'liver (giao hàng)=> de'livery (sự giao chống cự) hàng) V + er: em'ploy (thuê làm) => em'ployer (chủ V + age: pack (đóng gói) => 'package (bưu kiện) lao động) V + ing: under'stand (hiểu) => under'standing V + or: in'vent (phát minh) => in'ventor adj + ness: 'bitter (đắng) => 'bitterness (nỗi cay đắng) V + ar: beg (van xin) => 'beggar (người ăn xin) 2/ Nói chung, trọng âm thường rơi vào nguyên âm kép dài, rơi vào nguyên âm ngắn /∂/ hay /i/ * EX:a'bandon , 'pleasure , a'ttract , co'rrect , per'fect , in'side , 'sorry , 'rather , pro'duct , for'get , de'sign , en'joy 3/ Một từ hai vần vừa động từ vừa danh từ thì: Động từ : trọng âm thường rơi vào âm tiết thứ Danh từ : trọng âm thường rơi vào âm tiết thứ EX: 'rebell(n), re'bell(v), export, import, increase, object, perfect, permit, present, produce, record, refuse * Ngoại lệ : 'promise (n), (v) 4/ Trọng âm thường rơi vào trước hậu tố (suffixes) sau vần : -ION, -IC, -IAL , -ICAL, -UAL, -ITY, -IA, -LOGY, -IAN, -IOUS, -EOUS , -IENCE, -IENT, -GRAPHY , -NOMY , -METRY EX: 'vision, uni'versity, phy'sician, li'brarian, Ca'nadian, Au'stralian, ex'perience, im'patience, edu'cation, a'bility, elec'tricity, bi'ology, psy'chology, Au'stralia, 'Austria, 'Asia, ge'ography, pho'tography, e'ssential, ha'bitual, me'chanical, mathe'matical, po'litical, de'licious, pho'netics, scien'tific, ge'ometry, a'stronomy Ngoại Trừ (exceptions): 'lunatic, a'rithmetic, 'politics, 'Arabic, 'television 5) Trọng âm rơi vào vần cuối sau đây: -ADE, -OO, -OON, -EE, -EEN, -EER, -ESE, -AIRE, -SELF, -ETTE, -ESQUE Ex: bamboo, millionaire, engineer, themselves, saloon, balloon, thirteen, Vietnamese, employee, agree, picturesque, Cartoon, guarantee, kangaroo, typhoon *Ngoại lệ : 'centigrade , 'coffee , co'mmittee , 'cukoo , 'teaspoon… Exercise: a pollute B contractual C reject D marvellous A mechanic B military C apologize D miraculous A compulsory B intensity C kidding D invaluable A nursery B focus C delicate D secure A curriculum B kindergarten C contaminate D conventional A apology B industrial C industry D disaster A interview B certificate C applicant D primary A certificate B apartment C individual D biology A scientific B availlable C suspicious D supportive 10 A especially B comfortably C carefully D possibly 11 A importance B subtraction C algebra D example 12 A aspect B careful C require D successful 13 A terrific B applicant C banking D ignorant 14 A recognize B challenge C symbolize D continue 15 A continent B belong C master D access 16 A appalling B ashamed C November D architect 17 A policeman B cinema C overcoat D politics 18 A competition B intelligent C automation D information 19 A accountant B Arabic C Germany D chemistry 20 A Attention B interesting C Influence D Television TENSES TENSES SIMPLE PRESENT (HIỆN TẠI ĐƠN) +: S + V1/Vs/es -: S + don’t/doesn’t+ V1 ?: Do/ Does + S+ V1 PRESENT PROGRESSIVE (HIỆN TẠI TIẾP DIỄN) +: S + am/is/are+ V-ing -: S +am/ ia/ are+ not+ V-ing ?: Am/is /are + S+ V-ing- USE - thói quen - thật, chân lí - hành động diễn vào lúc nói - dự định thực tương lai gần - hành động có tính chất tạm thời - hai hành động xảy song song kéo dài SIGNAL WORDS - always, usually, often, sometimes, seldom, once / twice a week, - at the moment, at present, now, Look!, Listen!, Be quiet!, Keep silent! Note: VERB CHỈ CẢM GIÁC không dùng với tiếp diễn: like, dislike, hate, love, want, prefer, admire, believe, understand, remember, forget, know, belong, have (có), taste, smell EXAMPLES - I often go to school by bike - The earth moves around the sun - We are learning English - She is leaving for Hue next week - I am watching TV when my sister is cooking now PRESENT PERFECT (HIỆN TẠI HOÀN THÀNH) +: S + have/has+ V3/V-ed -: S + have/has+ not+ V3/V-ed ?: Has / Have + S + P.P? PRESENT PERFECT PROGRESSIVE (HIỆN TẠI HOÀN THÀNH TIẾP DIỄN) +: S + has / have + been + V-ing - HĐ bắt đầu QK, kéo dài đến HT tiếp tục TL - HĐ xảy ra,chấm dứt QK ko rõ time - HĐ vừa xảy recently, lately, so far,until now, up to now, up to the present already, ever, never, just, yet, for, since, how long , this is the first time/second time, many times / several times - nhấn mạnh tính liên - for + khoảng th/g + tục hành động now bắt đầu khứ, - for, since, … (ALL…) - I have worked here for ten years - xảy chấm dứt thời điểm xác định khứ - kể lại chuỗi hành động xảy liên tục khứ - thói quen QK - xảy thời điểm xác định QK - hai HĐ xảy đồng thời QK - yesterday, last week, last month, …ago, in 1990, in the past, … - It’s time … / It’s high time … (đã đến lúc) - xảy trước hành động khác trước thời điểm QK - lặp lặp lại nhiều lần trước HĐ thời điểm QK - already, ever, never, before, by, by the time, after, until, when, … - She went to London last year - The man came to the door, unlocked it When we were students, we often went on a picnic every weekend - He was doing at o’clock last night - The children were playing football while their mother was cooking the meal - We were watching TV all the evening last Sunday - When I arrived at the party, they had already left - I had completed the English course by 1998 - I have visited Dalat many times - She has written a letter - I have been working here for ten years now kéo dài đến tiếp tục TL -: S + has / have + been +not+ V-ing ?: Have/has+ S+ been+ V-ing ? SIMPLE PAST (QUÁ KHỨ ĐƠN) +: S + V2 / V-ed -: S + didn’t + V1 ?: Did + S + V1 ….? PAST PROGRESSIVE (QUÁ KHỨ TIẾP DIỄN) +: S + was / were + V-ing -: S + was / were + not + V-ing - at that time, at (9 o’clock) last night, at this time (last week), in the summer, during the summer, all day, all week, all month, … ?: Was / Were + S + V-ing…? PAST PERFECT (QUÁ KHỨ HOÀN THÀNH +: S + had + P.P -: S + hadn’t + P.P ?: Had + S + P.P …? PAST PERFECT PROGRESSIVE (QUÁ KHỨ HOÀN THÀNH TIẾP DIỄN) +: S + had + been + V-ing - nhấn mạnh tính liên tục - while, when, for, hành động cho since, … đến hành động khác khứ xảy - When she arrived, I had been waiting for two hours - It was 10 p.m He had been working since p.m - hành động xảy tương lai - định đưa vào lúc nói - đề nghị lời - He will come back tomorrow - The phone is ringing I will answer it - I promise I won’t tell -: S + hadn’t + been + V-ing ?: Had + S + been + V-ing …? SIMPLE FUTURE (TƯƠNG LAI ĐƠN) +: S + will / shall + V1 - tomorrow, next, in 2012, … - I think / guess - I am sure / I am not sure -: S + will / shall + not + V1 (won’t / shan’t + V1) hứa - lời đe dọa anyone about plan - I will tell your mother if you that again ?: Will / Shall + S + V1 …? Lưu ý cách dùng Be going to + V1 - diễn tả dự định đặt trước Ex: She is going to buy a new computer (She has saved for a year) - diễn tả dự đốn có Ex: The sky is absolutely dark It is going to rain FUTURE PROGRESSIVE - xảy (TƯƠNG LAI TIẾP DIỄN) thời điểm TL - hai hành động xảy +: S + will / shall + be + V-ing đồng thời TL - nhấn mạnh tính liên tục -: S + will / shall + be + V-ing HĐ bắt đầu kết thúc khoảng ?: Will / Shall + S + be + V-ing…? thời gian định TL FUTURE PERFECT - hành động hồn (TƯƠNG LAI HỒN THÀNH) thành trước thời điểm tương lai +: S + will /shall + have + P.P - HĐ hoàn thành trước hành động, -: S + won’t / shan’t + have + P.P việc khác TL - at o’clock tonight, at this time tomorrow, all this afternoon, evening, morning, … - when, before, by, by the time, … - At o’clock tonight, we will be watching the news - I will be cooking dinner while my daughter will be cleaning the floor - They will be working all this afternoon - I will have finished my homework for hours tomorrow - I will have finished my homework before I go to bed ?: Will / Shall + S + have + P.P ….? Một số cách hòa hợp mệnh đề mệnh đề thời gian: Main clause (Mệnh đề chính) Present tenses Past tenses Future tenses Adverbial clause of time (Mệnh đề trạng ngữ thời gian) Present tenses Past tenses resent tenses 0.TLĐ + until / when / as soon as + HTĐ I will wait here until she comes back TLĐ + after + HTHT He will go home after he has finished his work while / when / as + QKTD, QKĐ While I was going to school, I met my friend QKĐ + while / when / as + QKTD It (start) -to rain while the boys (play) - football 4.QKTD + while + QKTD Iwas doing my homework while my sister was playing games yesterday HTHT + since + QKĐ I (work) - here since I (graduate) - TLHT + before / by the time + HTĐ He will have left by the time you arrive QKHT + by the time / before + QKĐ He (leave) by the time I came After + QKHT, QKĐ After I had finished my homework, I (go) - to bed QKĐ + after + QKHT I (go) - to bed after I (finish) my work Before + QKĐ + QKHT Before she (have) dinner, she (write) - letter 12 QKHT + before + QKĐ She (write) a letter before she (have) - dinner 13 QKĐ + since then + HTHT I (graduate) - - in 2002 since then I (work) - here * Đổi khứ đơn sang hoàn thành S + last + V khứ đơn + thời gian + ago  S + V hoàn thành (phủ định) + for + thời gian  It’s + thời gian + since + S + last + V khứ đơn  The last time + S + V khứ đơn + was + thời gian + ago This is the first time + S + HTHT khẳng định  S + HTHT never + before S + began / started + V-ing + - S + have / has + V3/-ed + for / since - Ex: We last went to London two years ago = We = It’s = The last time This is the first time I have visited Hanoi - I I began learning English five years ago - I have Exercise 1: I ……………… (study) French when I was a child When you ……………………… (arrive) tonight, we will go out for dinner I think it…………………… (rain) tomorrow She …………………….(just leave) when he arrived I………………… (see) that film several times The phone rang while she ……………………(cook) dinner Jane and John ………………(be) friends a long time ago He never goes home before he ………………… (finish) his work When my father was young, he ……………….(use)to get up early to the gardening 10 When I came to see her yesterday, she ………………………….(read) a book 11 After she ……………… (return) home, she cooked herself a good dinner 12 The Second War ……………………… (start) in 1939 13 The house caught fire when they ………………… (sleep) 14 I am sure Mary …………………….(get) the job She has a lot of experience 15 So far we ………………….(learn) all tenses in English 16 By the time we get there, the train………………… (leave) 17 Dan …………………………(be) sick for three days 18 We……………………… (play) the piano since we … ……………(be) eight years old 19 Lan …………………….….(use) this car since she…… ………… (buy) it five years ago 20 She …………………………… (talk) to the police officer last week 21 I ………………………….….… (do) my homework tomorrow 22 My sister ………………… ……… (take) me to the church every Sunday 23 Yesterday I ……………… ………(stand) at the bus stop when I…………… (meet) Dave 24 While my father ……… … (read) books, my mother ……………….(cook) the meal in the kitchen Exercise 2: The woman …………………………(already sleep) when her husband came in Deborah ………………………………….(not watch) a baseball game yesterday He ……………………………(live) on Hill Street since 1997 I……………………………… (study) English for five years It……………………… (be) cloudy tomorrow What time ………………Tim usually …………………(leave) for school? Grace ………………… (live) in Sydney for nearly three years now ………………….You …………… (finish) your homework yet? By the time he …………………… (stop), he had driven six hundreds miles 10 He ……………… (not finish) it yet He only …………… (start) it one hour ago 11 …………….Hai ………… …….(work) in the garden at the moment? 12 She ……………………….(play) tennis since she was eight 13 Charlie …………………(drive) when the accident happened 10 D John advised Daisy not to lend them any money “I’m sorry I have to leave so early’, he said A He apologized for having to leave early B He apologized to have to leave early C He apologized that he has to leave early D He apologized to have left early 10.“Can I borrow your pen please, Sam?”, said Gillian A Gillian asked Sam if she can borrow his pen B Gillian asked Sam if she could borrow his pen C Gillian asked Sam she can borrow his pen D Gillian asked Sam she could borrow his pen 11.“Where did you go last night, Nam?”, said Hoa A Hoa said to Nam where had he gone the night before B Hoa said to Nam where he had gone the night before C Hoa told Nam where he had gone last night D Hoa asked Nam where he had gone the night before 12.“What were you doing last night, Mr John?” The police asked A The police asked what were you doing last night, Mr John B The police asked Mr John what he had been doing the night before C The police asked Mr John what had he been done the night before D The police asked Mr John what he had done the night before 13.Some one was wondering if the taxi yet A had arrived B arrived C arrives D had arrived 14.The government has announced that taxes A would be raised B had been raised C were raised D will be raised 15.Some one the tickets are free A said me B said me that C told to me D told me 16.He said he would it A yesterday B the following day C the previous day D the day before 17.He proved that the earth round the Sun A had gone B was going C goes D would go 18.I told you the computer, didn’t it? A to switch off B don’t switch off C not switch off D switch off 19.Claire wanted to know what time A the banks close B the banks closed C did the banks close D the banks would close 20.Ann and left A said good bye B said me good bye C told me good bye D goodbye me ………………………………………………….…………… UNIT PASSIVE SENTENCES (Câu bị động) Cách chuyển từ câu chủ động sang câu bị động: Active S+V+O S + be* + P.P + by + O (* be chia theo V) Ex: They are painting the house → The house is being painted They had destroyed all the documents → All the documents had been destroyed Passive Thay đổi hình thức động từ cụ thể thì: TENSES Simple Present Present continuous Simple Past ACTIVE S + V1-s/es S + am / is / are + V-ing S + V-ed / V2 PASSIVE S + am / is / are + PP S + am / is / are + being + PP S + was / were + PP 19 Past continuous Present Perfect Past Perfect Simple Future VKK can, could, must, have to(has to/had to), should, used to, be going to Verbs of perception Causative form S + was / were + V-ing S + have / has + PP S + had + PP S + will + V1 S + VKK + V1 see hear S + watch + O + V1 make let S + have + Ong + V1 + O vật S + get + Ong + to- V1 + O vật S + was / were + being + PP S + have / has + been + PP S + had + been + PP S + will + BE + PP S + VKK + BE + V3/ed seen heard S + be + watched + to – inf made let S + have / get + O (vật) + V3 (+ by + O (người)) * Verbs of reporting: (động từ ý kiến: say, think, know, report, believe…) - Active People (they) + say (said) + that S2 V2 O2 - Passive: It + is / was + said + that S2 V2 am/ is/ are + said to-inf S2 was/ were O2 khơng cịn that to have + V3 O2 EXERCISES I Change the following sentences into the passive voice They were carrying the injured player off the field at that time → _ Mr Green loves his children very much → People don’t speak French here → _ Someone broke his windows last night → _ The police didn’t find the lost boy yesterday → _ About thirty million people are watching this live show now → _ They were carrying the injured player off the field at that time → _ Jack has typed the article recently → _ The police haven’t found the murderer yet → _ 11 They had wrapped the package carefully before they posted it 20 → 12 The computer can all the accounts → 13 He isn’t going to buy that house → _ 14 The teacher won’t correct the exercises tomorrow → _ 15 You have to keep dangerous chemicals in the safe place → _ 16 Nobody has used this room for ages → 17 No one told us the news → 18 Paul didn’t tell me the ending of the story → 19 The teacher will give her a prize if she works well → _ 20 Her mother bought her a doll last week → 21 They made him work all day → 22 People don’t make the children work hard → _ 23 They let him meet her family last month → 24 He won’t let you that silly thing again → _ 25 People saw him steal your car → 26 Alice had a mechanic repair her car → _ 27 Ellen got Marvin to type her paper → 28 The hairdresser is cutting Mary’s hair now → Mary is having her hair _ → Mary is having the hairdresser _ 29 People know that the students learned English very well → It _ → The students 30 They said that she won the competition → → _ 44 They reported that the President had suffered a heard attack → _ → PASSIVE VOICE "What a beautiful shirt you're wearing!" "Thank you It especially for me by my mother." A is made B has made C made D was made I don't understand why the students didn't keep silent while the speech A has been made B was made C would be made D was being made This is the first time I have seen this car Where ? 21 A did it make B did it made C was it make D was it made Today, many serious childhood diseases by early immunization A are preventing B can prevent C prevent D can be prevented When he arrived at the furniture shop, they had been sold the table he wanted A B C D The first May Day celebrated in England in 1890 A B C D More people are infecting with HIV this year than they were years ago A B C D People said that Tom stole that bicycle A Tom is said to steal that bicycle B Tom is said that to steal that bicycle C Tom was said to steal that bicycle D Tom were said to steal that bicycle There’s somebody walking behind us I think A we are following B we are being followed C we are followed D we are being following 10 We’re late The film by the time we get to the cinema A will already start B will be already started C will already have started D will be starting 11 I still can not believe it My bicycle some minutes ago A was stolen B was stealing C stolen D stole 12 Dynamite by Alfred Bernard Nobel A have been invented B invented C was invented D was being invented 13 Do you believe that such a problem can ? A solve B be solving C is solved D be solved 14 People believed that John is a good person A It is believed that John is a good person B It was believed that John is a good person C It believes that John is a good person D It believed that John is a good person 15 Mary is reading newspapers now A Newspapers are read by Mary now B Newspapers being read by Mary now C Newspapers are being read by Mary now D Newspapers are reading by Mary now 16 The storm has delayed the 11.20 flight to London A The 11.20 flight has been delayed to London by the storm B The 11.20 flight to London has been delayed by the storm C The 11.20 flight to London has delayed the storm D All are correct 17 People believe that hundreds of homeless children are living on the streets A It is believed that hundreds of homeless children are living on the streets B Hundreds of homeless children are believed to be living on the streets C Hundreds of homeless children believe to be living on the streets D A & B are correct 18 You should give us this information A We should give you this information C We should be give this information B We should be given this information D This information should give us 19 They are repairing our car at the garage A Our car is repairing at the garage B Our car is being repairing at the garage C Our car is being repaired at the garage D They are being repaired our car at the garage 20 No one has cleaned the floor for weeks A The floor hasn’t been cleaned for weeks B The floor has been cleaned by someone for weeks C The floor hasn’t cleaned for weeks D A & B are correct UNIT 22 CONDITIONAL SENTENCES (Câu điều kiện) TYPE 1: điều kiện xảy tương lai V1(s /es) will / shall / can + V1 If + S + S+ don’t / doesn’t + V1 won’t / can’t / shan’t + V1 EX: If I save enough money, I will buy a new car TYPE 2: điều kiện khơng có thật V2/-ed could / would/ should + V1 If + S + S+ didn’t + V1 couldn’t / wouldn’t / shouldn’t + V1 EX: If I were you, I would tell the truth TYPE 3: điều kiện khơng có thật q khứ had + V3/-ed could / would/ should + have + V3/-ed If + S + S+ hadn’t + V3 /-ed couldn’t / wouldn’t / shouldn’t + have + V3/-ed EX: If I had arrived ten minutes earlier, I would have got a seat - Note: Ta lược bỏ "If" phải đảo ngữ EX: Had I arrived ten minutes earlier, I would have got a seat - Unless = If … not - Đổi từ if sang unless: IF Khẳng định Phủ định UNLESS Khẳng định (động từ mệnh đề đổi sang phủ định) Khẳng định (mệnh đề khơng thay đổi) Ex: If we had more rain, our crops would grow faster Unless If she doesn’t work harder, she will fail the exam Unless Dạng câu: Mệnh lệnh + or + Clause - If you don’t + V1, Clause - If you aren’t + …, Clause Ex: Be carefull or you will cut yourself If Go away or I will call the police If - NỐI CÂU ĐƠN DÙNG “ IF” + Diễn tả hành động xảy tương lai → loại + Diễn tả hành động xảy (động từ tại) → loại + Diễn tả hành động xảy khứ (động từ khứ) → loại EX: Hurry up or you will be late → If you don’t hurry, you will be late EX: She doesn’t have a car She doesn’t go out in the evening → If she had a car, she would go out in the evening EX: We cancelled the meeting because Peter didn’t come 23 → If Peter had come, we wouldn’t have cancelled the meeting.( Had Peter come) Exercises Supply correct form of the verbs in parentheses What you (do) if I didn’t lend you the money? If you ask me for ticket, I (get) you some tickets I (not marry) him If I had known what he was like I wouldn’t hire a car if I (know) how expensive it was If we (go) to the cinema earlier, we wouldn’t miss the start of the film If I had been born a year earlier, I (have) -to military service If you (ask) -me , I ‘ll lend you my car If I go to university, I (get) a better job I (not go) -out yesterday , If you asked me not to 10 I could give you a lift if my car (not break) - down 11 I (not go) to Britain if I had known what was going to happen 12 I would have stay longer if he( want) -me to 13 She (not come) -to school if she is ill 14 We would go to his party if we (be) able to find a baby – sister 15 I (visit ) -you in the hospital if I had known you were there Exercises : Complete the sentences with the words in parentheses The weather is terrible today → If the weather (be) good, I (go) for a five - mile - walk Mary didn’t come to my party last week → If she (come) to my party, she (meet) - my friends Snow is predicted for tomorrow → If it (snow) tomorrow, I( stay) at home Jack didn’t study for the test → If he( study) , he( pass) it Air plane tickets are expensive → If they( be) cheap, I (fly) - to Ho Chi Minh city for weekend May be the weather will be nice tomorrow → If the weather( be) -nice, I( go) for a long walk Unfortunately, I don’t have enough money → If I( have) enough money, I( buy) - a ticket to the rock concert I didn’t know it was your birthday yesterday → If I( know) -it was your birthday yesterday I (get) you a present 10 I’m tired → If I (be not) tired, I( help) you Exercise: Rewrite these sentences: Hurry up or we will be late for the last bus  If It was very cold yesterday, so we couldn’t go swimming  If He had a flu because he went out in the rain last night  If Ellen didn’t have much money in the bank, so she was very worried  If Stop talking or you won’t understand the lesson  Unless She can’t buy the dictionary because she doesn’t have enough money  If GRAMMAR: Conditional sentences 24 “Would you like some cake?”- “No, thanks If I cake, I fat.” A ate/ will get B ate/ would get C would eat/could get D am eating/ will get Pam broke her arm in the accident It much worse if she hadn’t been wearing her seat belt A will be B would have been C was D were If you _ me about the bad service, we’d have eaten there A didn’t tell B wouldn’t have told C hadn’t told D had told The teacher was absent today, so class was canceled If she _ absent again tomorrow, class tomorrow, too A is/ will cancel B is/ will be canceled C was/ would be canceled D was/ would cancel If you to my advice in the first place, you in this mess right now A listen/ won’t be B had listened/ wouldn’t have been C will listened/ wouldn’t be D had listened/ wouldn’t be If you _ here earlier, you _ her A had come/ would have met B come /meet C came/would meet D comes will meet If I _ a millionaire, I a Civic Honda A am/ will buy B was/ would buy C was/ would have bought D were/ would buy “ Here is my phone number”- “thanks, I _ you a call if I _ some help.” A will give/ will need B would give/ needed C will give/ need D give/ need If I _ wings, I _ take an airplane to fly home A have/ won’t have to B had/ wouldn’t have to C have/ will have to D had/ didn’t have to 10 I think you should stop smoking A if I am you, I will stop smoking B if I were you, I will stop smoking C if I were you, I would stop smoking D if I had been you, I would stop smoking 11 If I were you, I would work harder A you would rather not work so hard B you should work harder C you should work with me D not work so hard 12 We did not visit the museum because we had no time A If we have time, we will visit the museum B If we had time, we would visit the museum C If we had had time, we would have visited the museum D If we had had time, we will visit the museum 13 He looked frightened as if he a ghost A sees B is seeing C has seen D had seen 14 You work harder, you will be sacked A Whether B If C However D Unless 15 Unless you _ quiet, I’ll scream A don’t keep B keep C kept D didn’t keep 16 I won’t wake unless I the alarm A don’t hear B heard C hear D didn’t hear 17 , he would have been able to pass the exam A If he studied more B If he were studying more C studying more D had he studied more 18 Had I had some more money, I _ that book A Would buy B will buy C would have bought D all are correct 19 if I take a map A I will get lost B I will not get lost C I would get lost D I would not get 20 If cauliflowers from extreme temperatures, the heads get discolored A will not be protected B are not protected C were not protected D are not being protected 21 “I couldn’t have made it without your help” means A I couldn’t have made it if you helped me B I couldn’t have made it if you had helped me C I couldn’t have made it if you hadn’t helped me D I couldn’t have made it if you didn’t help me 22 She didn’t stop her car because shi didn’t see the signal A If she saw the signal, she would stop her car B If she had seen the signal, she would stop her car C If she had seen the signal, she would have stopped her car 25 D If she saw the signal, she would have stopped her car 23 His flight was delayed so he couldn’t be here on time A He would be here in time if his flight were not delayed B He would have been here in time if his flight hadn’t been delayed C He would be here in time if his flight hadn’t been delayed D He would have been here in time if his flight weren’t delayed 24 What you if you won the first prize of the lottery? A B C D 25 If a drop of oil is placed in a glass of water, it would float to the top A B C D …………………………………………………………………………… UNIT RELATIVE CLAUSES (Mệnh đề quan hệ) I CÁC ĐẠI TỪ QUAN HỆ: WHO: - làm chủ từ mệnh đề quan hệ - thay cho danh từ người … N (person) + WHO + V + O WHOM: - làm tân ngữ cho động từ mệnh đề quan hệ - thay cho danh từ người … N (person) + WHOM + S + V WHICH: - làm chủ từ túc từ mệnh đề quan hệ - thay cho danh từ vật ….N (thing) + WHICH + V + O ….N (thing) + WHICH + S + V THAT: - thay cho WHO, WHOM, WHICH MĐQH khơng có dấu phẩy giới từ đứng trước * Các trường hợp thường dùng “that”: - sau hình thức so sánh - sau từ: only, the first, the last - danh từ trước bao gôm người vật - sau đại từ bất định, đại từ phủ định, đại từ số lượng: no one, nobody, nothing, anyone, anything, anybody, someone, something, somebody, all, some, any, little, none Ex: He was the most interesting person that I have ever met It was the first time that I heard of it These books are all that my sister left me She talked about the people and places that she had visited * Các trường hợp không dùng that: - mệnh đề quan hệ có dấu phẩy & sau giới từ WHOSE: dùng để sở hữu cho danh từ người vật, thường thay cho từ: her, his, their, hình thức ‘s … N (person, thing) + WHOSE + N + V … WHY: mở đầu cho mệnh đề quan hệ lý do, thường thay cho cụm for the reason, for that reason … N (reason) + WHY + S + V … Ex: I don’t know the reason You didn’t go to school for that reason 26 → I don’t know the reason why you didn’t go to school WHERE: thay từ nơi chốn, thường thay cho there ….N (place) + WHERE + S + V … (WHERE = ON / IN / AT + WHICH) Ex: a/ The hotel wasn’t very clean We stayed t that hotel → The hotel where we stayed wasn’t very clean → The hotel at which we stayed wasn’t very clean WHEN: thay từ thời gian, thường thay cho từ then ….N (time) + WHEN + S + V … (WHEN = ON / IN / AT + WHICH) Ex: Do you still remember the day? We first met on that day → Do you still remember the day when we first met? → Do you still remember the day on which we first met? I don’t know the time She will come back then → I don’t know the time when she will come back II CÁC LOẠI MỆNH ĐỀ QUAN HỆ: Mệnh đề quan hệ xác định:Được sử dụng danh từ danh từ không xác định Ex: The city which I visited last summer is very beautiful Mệnh đề quan hệ không hạn định : Được sử dụng danh từ danh từ xác định Ex: Dalat, which I visited last summer, is very beautiful Note: để biết dùng mệnh đề quan hệ không xác định, ta lưu ý điểm sau: - Khi danh từ mà bổ nghĩa danh từ riêng - Khi danh từ mà bổ nghĩa tính từ sở hữu (my, his, her, their) - Khi danh từ mà bổ nghĩa la danh từ với this , that, these, those III MỘT SỐ LƯU Ý TRONG MỆNH ĐỀ QUAN HỆ: Nếu mệnh đề quan hệ có giới từ giới từ đặt trước sau mệnh đề quan hệ (chỉ áp dụng với whom which.) Ex: Mr Brown is a nice teacher We studied with him last year → Mr Brown, with whom we studied last year, is a nice teacher → Mr Brown, whom we studied with last year, is a nice teacher Có thể dùng which thay cho mệnh đề đứng trước Ex: She can’t come to my birthday party That makes me sad → She can’t come to my birthday party, which makes me sad Ở vị trí tân ngữ, whom thay who Ex: I’d like to talk to the man whom / who I met at your birthday party IV CÁCH RÚT GỌN MỆNH ĐỀ QUAN HỆ: Mệnh đề quan hệ rút thành cụm động từ nguyên mẫu: Mệnh đề quan hệ rút thành cụm động từ nguyên mẫu (To-infinitive) trước đại từ quan hệ có cụm từ: the first, the second, the last, the only hình thức so sánh bậc Ex: a/ John was the last person that got the news 27 → John was the last person Mệnh đề quan hệ rút thành cụm phân từ: Mệnh đề quan hệ chứa đại từ quan hệ làm chủ từ who, which, that rút gọn thành cụm phân từ (V-ing) khứ phân từ (V3/ed) * Nếu mệnh đề quan hệ mệnh đề bị động rút thành cụm khứ phân từ (V3/ed) Ex: a/ The instructions that are given on the front page are very important → The instructions -b/ The book which was bought by my mother is interesting → The book -* Nếu mệnh đề quan hệ mệnh đề chủ động rút thành cụm phân từ (V-ing) Ex: a/ The man who is standing over there is my father → The man Combine sentence using: preposition + whom/which I couldn’t understand the woman I talked to her on the phone @ I want to tell you about the party I went to it last night @ The music was gentle We listened to it last night @ The man is over there I told you about him @ The film is fantastic They are talking about it @ Rút gọn mệnh đề quan hệ sử dụng Ving, V Vto They live in a house that was built in 1988 @ He was the first man who left the burning building @ The couple who live in the house next door are both college professors @ The people who are waiting for the bus in the rain are getting wet @ 10 Did you get the message which concerned the special meeting ? @ 11 Lan is the second student who entered the classroom this morning @ 12 People who listen to very loud music may suffer gradual hearing loss @ 13 He was the second man who was saved by Mr Peter in the fire @ 14 I haven’t got anything that I could open a bottle of wine with @ 15 The Queen Elizabeth is the largest ship which has been built on the island @ 28 GRAMMAR: RELATIVE CLAUSES Mary, ………………sits next to me, is good at math A who B that C D A & B are correct Is this the ring …………….you were looking for? A which B that C D all are correct This morning I met somebody ………………I hadn’t seen for ages A who B that C whoever D when Is this the article in …………………you were interested? A which B that C whichever D An orphan is a child …………………….parents are dead A who B whom C that D whose This is the house ……………… we often stay in the summer A which B where C that D A & B are correct Mr Brown, …………….is only 34 is the director of this company A that B whoever C whom D who She couldn’t come to the party, …………… is a pity A that B which C where D B & C are correct I saw a lot of people and horses ……………….went to market A which B where C who D that 10 He is riding a bicycle ……………….by his father A buying B bought C was bought D which bought 11 My only blue tie, which Richard wants to wear, are really an expensive one A B C D 12 They would like a teacher whom native language is English A B C D 13 Do you know the reason when English men travel on the left? A B C D 14 Mother’s Day is the day when children show their love to their mother on A B C D 15 The singer about whom I told you her yesterday is a television reported A B C D 16 What’s the name of the man ? A you borrowed his car B which car you borrowed C whose car you borrowed D his car you borrowed 17 Colin told me about his job, _ very much A that he’s enjoying B which he’s enjoying C he’s enjoying D he’s enjoying it 18 Sheila couldn’t come to the party, _ was a pity A that B it C what D which 19 Some of the people to the party can’t come A inviting B invited C who invited D they were invited 20 A pensioner is someone _ no longer works and gets money from the state A whom B whose C which D that 21 The women he fell in love left him after a few weeks A with whom B who C to whom D for whom 22 I saw several buildings, _ were damaged by the earthquake A most of which B most of them C all of whom D some of whose 23 I enjoyed the book that you told me to read it A B C D 24 That commentator, his name I have forgotten, is very well-known A B C D 25 The policeman must try to catch those men whom drive dangerously A B C D 26 He was very surprised when he visited London, in that the drivers always drive on the right hand side of the street 29 CỤM TỪ VÀ MỆNH ĐỀ CHỈ SỰ NHƯỢNG BỘ, LÝ DO Although/Though/Even though + S + V + O = In spite of / Despite + N/V-ing: e.g: Although he was ill, he still went to school S V O = In spite of being ill, he still went to school V-ing Because of + N /V-ing = Because/ Since/ As + S +V + O: vì, e.g: Tan was worried because of the rain Noun = Tan was worried because it was rainy S V O Cách chuyển MỆNH ĐỀ SANG CỤM TỪ( DANH TỪ): Ex: Although the weather was bad, we went fishing In spite of the bad weather, we went fishing Ex: Because he doesn’t enjoy the party, he comes back home early Because of not enjoying the party, he comes back home early Ex: Because he was inexperienced, he didn’t get a good job Because of his inexperience, he didn’t get a good job Ex: Though it rained heavily, we came to school on time In spite of the heavy rain, we came to school on time Ex: Although it was dark, I could read the letter Despite the darkness, I could read the letter Ex: He came late because there was a big storm He came late because of a big storm EXERCISE: Change clauses of concession to phrases She didn’t eat much though she was hungry …………………………………………………………………………………………………………… He couldn’t solve the problem though he is good at math …………………………………………………………………………………………………………… Although it got dark, they continued to work ………………………………………………………………………………………………………… Because it was foggy, the flight was not delayed ………………………………………………………………………………………………………… Although the weather is bad, we are going to have a picnic ………………………………………………………………………………………………………… He didn’t stop his car though the traffic lights turned red …………………………………………………………………………………………………………… He went to sleep though he had not finished the paper …………………………………………………………………………………………………………… Although the prices are high, my daughter insists on going to the movie …………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 9.Because he speaks English very well, he gets a good job …………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 10.He didn’t manage to walk home because the weather was dark UNIT 8: PREPOSITION - AT: + cụ thể + night Ex: We have class at one o’clock I sleep at night 30 *Note: at midnight, at the weekend, at Christmas, at the moment, at the same time, at the age of, at the end of, at (breakfast…) - IN: + tháng/ năm/ mùa cụ thể Ex: I was born in 1994 + the morning/afternoon / evening Ex: We have class in the morning - ON: + ngày tuần Ex: We have class on Monday + ngày, tháng, năm Ex: I was born on April 6, 2006 - SINCE: HTHT since QKĐ since + 1mốc thời gian - FOR: + khoảng thời gian Ex: We walked for hours to reach the waterfall - BY: + time Ex: Can you finish the work by five o’clock EXERCISE 1: Prepositions Could I speak ……………Tom please? – I’m afraid Tom is ……………….work Would you like to talk ……………him later? How I get …………….the station? – Turn right ………………the end of this street and you will see it in front …………….you He started going …………… school ………… the age of five We arrived …………… the airport at 7.a.m I’m going to Bath ……………Sunday ………….Mary He has lived……………101 Cornwall Gardens …………… 1996 Mr John is very keen …………… punctuality His lessons always start …………….time Although we were ……………a hurry, she insisted …………… stopping to look for it I want to post this ……………… a friend …………Italy 10 The car stopped …………… the traffic lights and couldn’t start again 11 How you go ……………….school? – It depends …………… the weather ……… wet days, I go ……………bus; ………… nice days, I go …………… foot 12 Children get presents …………… Christmas and ………… their birthdays 13 They succeed ……………escaping …………… the burning house 14 You shouldn’t believe everything you read …………….the newspapers 15 The course starts ………… 3rd November and ends ………………January 16 …………… first we didn’t like each other, but ……………the end we became good friends 17 We are looking forward ……………new possibilities 18 Practice listening …………… English tapes or English programs ……………… the radio 19 He asked his father ……………… money 20 The house is ……………fire EXERCISE 2: Articles: a / an / the / Ø …………………sugar is sweet ……………….oranges are green until they ripen We ate …………… breakfast at eight o’clock this morning ………………Statue of Liberty was a gift of friendship from …………… France to …………….United States Please give me ……………cup of ………………coffee with ………… cream and …………….sugar ………… big books on ………… table are for my history class He works as ………….assistant in ……………same shop as I Do you know ……………man standing near …………….door Rita plays ………….violin and her sister plays ……………guitar 10 David played ………… basketball and ………… baseball EXERCISE 3: Choose the best answer: We had _ dinner in a restaurant A a B an C x D the We had _ meal in a restaurant A a B an C the D X Thank you That was very nice lunch A a B an C the D X 31 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 rose is my favorite color A a B an C the D X When was _ computer invented? A a B an C the D X My daughter plays _ piano very well A the B a C an D X Mary loves _ flowers A a B an C the D X Jill went to hospital to see her friend A x B the C a D an Mrs Lan went to school to meet her son’s daughter A x B the C a D an Carol went to prison to meet her brother A the B a C an D X Sandra works at a big hospital She’s _ A nurse B a nurse C the nurse D an nurse She works six days _ week A in B for C a D X is a star A Sun B A sun C The sun D Suns What did you have for breakfast this morning A x B a C an D the London is _ capital of England A an B a C x D the When invented? A was telephone B was the telephone C were telephones D were a telephone We visited _ two years ago A Canada and the United States B the Canada and the United States C the Canada and United States D Canada and United States Are you going away next week? No, _ week after next A a B the C some D X We haven’t been to for years A cinema B the cinema C a cinema D any cinema Connectors: SO, THEREFORE, BUT, HOWEVER SO / THEREFORE: để nối hai câu / mệnh đề nguyên nhân-hậu - SO: (liên từ): vậy, Ex: The climate in this area is very severe, so very few animals can live there - THEREFORE (trạng từ): thế, đó, dùng từ nối câu Ex: The food prices rise too much; therefore, people’s life becomes difficult BUT / HOWEVER: diễn tả tương phản, đối lập - BUT (liên từ): Ex: Mr John is a very rich business man, but he leads a simple life - HOWEVER (tuy nhiên): dùng làm từ nối Ex: The test was very difficult; however, all students were able to finish it Note: dấu câu vị trí từ nối Therefore, however Ex: Bill had missed a lot of classes; therefore, he failed the exam Bill had missed a lot of classes; he, therefore, failed the exam Bill had missed a lot of classes Therefore, he failed the exam EXERCISE Her friend lied to her she still likes and trusts him A but B so C therefore D however 32 Her friend lied to her she doesn’t trust him anymore A but B however C so D despite I didn’t have an umbrella I got wet A but B although C so D however The water was cold I went swimming anyway A so B despite C therefore D but The water was cold I didn’t go swimming A but B so C although D because I didn’t have an umbrella - I didn’t get wet because I was wearing a raincoat A but B so C therefore D despite I understand your point of view - I don’t agree with it A Although B However C So D Therefore Nam didn’t study for the exam, Lan did A however B but C so D therefore It was already p.m., - we closed the office and went home A but B however C so D because 10 He worked hard, but / although / however / therefore he could earn much money 11 The food didn’t look appetizing, but / however / therefore / so many people started eating 12 My friend and I were tired, however / so / but / though we went home early 13 We wanted to stay until the end of the game, but / however / despite / because it got too late for us 14 You could fly via Vienna; but / however / so / therefore it isn’t the only way 15 They have lived next door to us for years, yet / however / therefore / because we hardly ever see them 16 The normal pulse for an adult is between 60 and 80 beats per minute, so / however / but / therefore excitement will make a pulse much faster 17 Many people have law degrees, - A but some of them not practice it B however it is not practiced by all C so some are not practicing law D but not all of them practice law 18 Maria tried to read a novel in French - the book was too difficult for her to understand A so that B therefore C but D and 19 I bought a bottle of wine - we drank it together A therefore B so C and D but 20 The waiter was not very nice, , the food was delicious A however B but C so D and so 33 ... định, ta lưu ý điểm sau: - Khi danh từ mà bổ nghĩa danh từ riêng - Khi danh từ mà bổ nghĩa tính từ sở hữu (my, his, her, their) - Khi danh từ mà bổ nghĩa la danh từ với this , that, these, those... two years ago A Canada and the United States B the Canada and the United States C the Canada and United States D Canada and United States Are you going away next week? No, _ week after next... is an event whish is held every four years ( COMPETE ) UNIT & UNIT SOUNDS AND STRESS SOUNDS CÁCH PHÁT ÂM "S" CUỐI : trường hợp danh từ số nhiều nhiều động từ số - Có cách phát âm –s –es tận