The content of the thesis clears up theoretical and practical issues about tourism development; Contributing to summing up the Party''s consulate on tourism development from 2006 to 2015.
1 INTRODUCTION 1. Rationale for the study Tourism is seen as one of the vital economic industries, playing an increasingly important role in several countries with its rapid growth rate in the world. The World Tourism Ministers Meeting at OSAKA (Japan) in 1994 stated: Tourism is the largest source of gross domestic product and employment in the world, accounting for 1/10 of each category, at the same time, investing in tourism and tourismrelated tax revenues also increased significantly. Together with other indicators of tourism, these increases are expected to grow steadily and thus tourism will be the driving force for the world economic growth in the twentyfirst century Vietnam is a country with several potentials and strengths in terms of tourism, located at a junction of international trade, which is convenient for tourists. Additionally, it has abundant, diversified tourism and human resources for tourism development During the country’s innovation process, the Party and State paid due attention to tourism development, the 6th National Congress of the Party (December 1986) affirmed: It is essential to make use of the country’s favourable conditions to expand tourism with domestic and foreign capital. Directive 46 CT / TW dated 14/10/1994 on leadership, innovation and development of tourism in the new situation of the Secretariat emphasizes: Tourism development is an important strategic direction in the economic growth path to contribute to the industrialization and modernization of the country, making the people rich, the country strong, and the society fair and civilized. The Party Congress (April 2001) stated: Tourism development has really become a spearhead economic industry In the period 2006 2015, the Party further affirmed that tourism development becomes a spearhead economic sector. Vietnam's tourism has made great strides, has made a breakthrough and developed rapidly, which is shown in the following areas: making big contributions to the country's gross domestic product; creating millions of jobs for workers; protecting an advanced culture imbued with national identity; contributing to maintaining political stability, enhancing the national defense strength, etc. However, there are still several problems posed in tourism development practice such as limitations in leading tourism development activities; product construction and development; building human resources, etc. These shortcomings make Vietnam fail to bring into full play its potentials and strengths in terms of tourism There have been several scientific researches on tourism development with various different approaches. However, there has been no scientific research on the process of the Party's leadership in tourism development from 2006 to 2015 under the perspective of Party History. Therefore, it is vital to study this issue, evaluating the strengths, limitations and drawing experiences in the process of the Communist Party of Vietnam leading tourism development from 2006 to 2015, making contribution to the review of the Party’s leadership, providing more arguments to supplement and complete the method of promoting tourism development in the coming years From the abovementioned reasons, the author decides to choose the topic entitled "The Communist Party of Vietnam’s leadership in tourism development from 2006 to 2015" as his doctoral thesis, majoring in History of the Communist Party of Vietnam 2. Aims and tasks of the study Aims Clarifying the process of the Communist Party of Vietnam leading tourism development from 2006 to 2015; drawing valuable experiences for reference in the coming years Tasks Giving an overview of the thesisrelated research situation Clarifying the factors affecting the Party's leadership in tourism development from 2006 to 2015 Analysing and clarifying the Party's policy and direction on tourism development from 2006 to 2015 Providing comments, evaluating the advantages, limitations, and causes and summarizing the experiences from the Party's leadership in tourism development from 2006 to 2015 3. Object and scope of the study Object The leadership of the Communist Party of Vietnam in tourism development Scope In terms of content: The Party's policy and directing the tourism development process Directive 46 CT / TW dated 14/10/1994 on leadership, innovation and development of tourism in the new situation of the Secretariat has identified contents of tourism including: (1) Tourism planning calendar; (2) tourism products; (3) tourism market; (4) tourism investment; (5) tourism promotion; (6) training of tourism human resources; (7) international cooperation in tourism; (8) applying science and technology to tourism. In the framework of the thesis, the graduate student focuses on researching the Party's leadership on tourism development on 5 contents: Developing tourism development planning and plans; investment in tourism development; tourism products development; tourism promotion; developing tourism human resources. Because these are the most basic contents, focus and clearly show the Party's leadership in tourism development in this phase In terms of time: From 2006 to 2015. The PhD student chooses 2006 and 2015 because 2006 is the year that takes place and the beginning of the X Congress term, 2015 is the year ending the term. The Party's Congress XI period, choosing such a timeline will clearly show the Party's leadership in tourism development through two congresses, Congress X (20062010) and Congress XI (2011 2015). However, to ensure the systematization and to obtain the thesis’s aims, related documents and materials before 2006 and after 2015 are also made used of In terms of space: On the territory of Vietnam 4. Theoretical, practical basis and methodology Theoretical basis The thesis is conducted basing on the MarxistLeninist theory, Ho Chi Minh's thought on economic, cultural and social development in the transition period to socialism Practical basis The Communist Party of Vietnam leadership in tourism development, practical results on tourism development; actual survey results of graduate students; inherit the research results of the related scientific works published previously Methodology The thesis is carried out using historical and logical method and a combination of these two methods. Simultaneously, different methods of statistics, comparison, analysis, synthesis, etc are also used The methods used are appropriate to the requirements of the thesis 5. New contributions of the study Systematizing, analysing and clarifying the Party's guidelines and directions on tourism development from 2006 to 2015 Giving comments and evaluations on the process of the Party's leadership in tourism development from 2006 to 2015 on both the advantages and disadvantages, and clarifying their causes Drawing experiences from the Party's leadership in tourism development from 2006 to 2015 6. The theoretical and practical significance of the study The thesis helps to initially clarify the theoretical and practical issues on tourism development; contribute to summarizing the Party's leadership in tourism development from 2006 to 2015 The experiences drawn from the thesis are valuable for reference and application in tourism development in the coming years The thesis’s results can be used as a reference in researching and teaching the History of the Communist Party of Vietnam at different schools and related institutions 7. The structure of the study The thesis includes: Introduction, 04 chapters (08 periods), conclusion, a list of published author's scientific works related to the dissertation topic, references and appendices Chapter 1 AN OVERVIEW OF THE THESISRELATED RESEARCH SITUATION 1.1. The thesisrelated research situation 1.1.1. The studies abroad related to the thesis Typically: Leisure and Tourism by Ward. J, Higson P and Campbell W. (1994); Critical issues in tourism: a geographical perspective: a geographical perspective by Gareth Shaw and Allan M Williams (1994); Global Tourism The next decade by Theobald W. (1994); The Economics of Leisure and Tourism by Tribe J (1995); Tourism in Developing Countries by Martin and Kye Sung Chon (1997); Food Tourism around the World: Development, management and markets by Hall C Michael, Sharples Liz, Mitchell Richard, Macionis Niki, Cambourne Brock (2003); Tourism, economic, physical and social impacts by Mathieson. A and Wall. G (2008) 1.1.2. The studies in the country related to the thesis Here are some typical studies on the position and the role of tourism Tourism for ethnic minorities in Sa Pa district by Pham Thi Mong Hoa and Lam Thi Mai Lan (2000); Tourism development associated with poverty reduction in Lao Cai by Pham Ngoc Thang (2010); Developing Tay Nguyen tourism to 2020 to meet the requirements of international economic integration by Nguyen Duy Mau (2011); Tourism economics in the North Central provinces in international economic integration by Nguyen Thi Hong Lam (2013); Developing Vietnam's sea and island tourism in a new situation by Ha Van Sieu (2014); Assessment of the impact of tourism on economic growth in Vietnam through the intersector balance sheet by Nguyen Thi Huong (2016); Developing border tourism contributes to national defense and security by Ngo Hoai Chung (2016); Cultural heritage management and tourism development in the ancient town of Hoi An, Quang Nam province by Nguyen Thi Thu Ha (2016); The impacts of tourism on the economy, society and environment of Phu Quoc District through the perception of local people by Nguyen Trong Nhan (2017) The studies on the current situation of tourism development Typically: Improving the state management of labour in tourism business in Vietnam by Hoang Van Hoan (2002); Promotion and promotion of Vietnam's tourism Need a new direction by Thai Vu Xuan Loc (2009); Image of Vietnam's tourist destination in the eyes of international tourists by Pham Truong Hoang (2012); Factors affecting tourist attraction: Case study of Binh Dinh tourist destination; by Dang Thi Thanh Loan, Bui Thi Thanh (2014); The Economic Impact of Travel and Travel in Vietnam 2016 by World Travel and Tourism Council (2016); Training of human resources for tourism today by Nguyen Son Ha (2016); Tourism training at universities and colleges integration and development by Hoang Thi Lan Huong (2016); Current situation and solutions for Vietnam's tourism development by Nguyen Thi Thu Huong (2017); Current situation and solutions for the development of transport infrastructure to increase attraction of international tourists by Le Do Muoi (2007); Visitor's assessment for garden tourism in the Mekong Delta by Nguyen Trong Nhan, Tran Thi Hoang Anh (2015) Thu studies on solutions and experiences in tourism development Here are some typical works: Some recommendations for training university human resources to meet the labour demand of the tourism industry by Nguyen Van Manh (2007); Research on building Vietnamese tourism products with regional and international competitiveness by Do Cam Tho (2007); Experience in economic development in tourism in some countries and suggestions for Vietnam by Nguyen Thi Hong Lam, Nguyen Kim Anh (2016); Sustainable tourism development award for the Mekong Delta in the context of integration by Nguyen Quyet Thang (2017); Party Committee of Ba Ria Vung Tau province, leading the development of tourism economy from 1991 to 2015 by Dinh Van An (2018); Improving the state management for urban tourism infrastructure in Vietnam by Ho Duc Phoc (2009); Human Resource Development for Tourism in the South Central Coast and Central Highlands Region by Tran Son Hai (2010); Solutions to manage and exploit ecotourism in Vietnamese national parks towards sustainable development by Nguyen Van Hop (2014) 1.2 An overview of the results of the studies published previously and the issues need further addressing in the thesis 1.2.1. An overview of the results of the studies published previously First, in terms of materials: The studies on tourism are various in documents both domestically and internationally, including books, scientific topics at all levels, and scientific articles which are selected by many graduate students. Tourism development has been studied and approached by scientists from a number of different angles, space and time Second, in terms of the approaching way and methodology: Tourism researches are approached under many different angles such as economics, political economy, culture and using several methods including: Analysis, synthesis, comparison, logic, etc Third, in terms of content: Some domestic and foreign studies have quite fully explained the basic theoretical issues of tourism. Some other projects affirm that Vietnam is a country with potentials, strengths and importance in tourism development in Vietnam Simultaneously, they evaluated the achievements and limitations of the tourism development process in Vietnam and regions and localities with reliable data. Accordingly, many synchronous solutions are proposed in order to speed up tourism development in Vietnam, different regions and localities Some works have initially introduced the Party and State's guidelines and policies on tourism development in the innovation cause 1.2.2. The issues need further addressing in the thesis First, the factors affecting the Party's leadership in tourism development from 2006 to 2015; Second, the Party's policy and process of directing tourism development from 2006 to 2015; Third, the advantages, limitations and experiences from the Party's leadership in tourism development from 2006 to 2015 Conclusion chapter 1 Tourism development is seen as a vital strategy in the path of the economic, cultural and social development of many countries, serving as a driving force to effectively create potentials and favourable conditions in every aspect of the economy sector Thus, the studies on tourism development in the world as well as in Vietnam are touched upon in several studies with the diversity of content and approaches. The success of the published works is relatively comprehensive, solving many theoretical and practical issues about tourism development in Vietnam and the world. From an overview of the research works related to the topic, the PhD student found that the issue "The Communist Party of Vietnam’s leadership in tourism development from 2006 to 2015" is a "gap" which needs filling and thoroughly researching Chapter 2 THE PARTY’S POLICY AND DIRECTIONS ON TOURISM DEVELOPMENT (2006 2010) 2.1. The influential factors and the Party's policy on tourism development (2006 2010) 2.1.1 The factors affecting the Party's leadership in tourism development (2006 2010) 2.1.1.1. The concept and the role of tourism The concept Being approached from a cultural perspective, the statement Osaka (Japan) of the 1994 World Tourism Ministers Meeting stated that tourism is the offspring of peace, a means of peace and international balance of payments. Vietnam Tourism Law 2005, in Article 4, Chapter I define: Tourism is activities related to people's trips outside of their regular residence to meet the needs of sightseeing and learning, entertainment and relaxation for a certain period of time. Approaching from an economic perspective, the 1999 Vietnam Ordinance on Tourism identified: Tourism is an important integrated economic sector. Directive 46 CT / TW, dated 14/10/1994, On leadership, innovation and tourism development in a new situation, affirm: “Tourism is a general economic sector with interdisciplinary and interregional and high sense of socialization Therefore, there are several concepts of tourism under different angles, from a cultural and social perspective, the core of tourism is culture, an active form of human relaxation, and tourism is seen as an integrated economic sector under the economic angle The PhD student exploits the concept of tourism stated in Directive 46 CT / TW, dated October 14, 1994 of the Secretariat, On leadership, innovation and tourism development in the new situation for his research orientation. Accordingly, the PhD student interprets tourism in three aspects: First, tourism is a specific economic sector, belongs to the service group, responsible for exploiting tourism resources into tourism products to meet the needs of tourists, tourism is not a specific industry, it only works when there is a combination of many other industries Second, the content of tourism includes: (1) Tourism planning; (2) tourism products; (3) tourism market; (4) tourism investment; (5) tourism promotion; (6) tourism human resources training; (7) tourism international cooperation; (8) scientific and technological application to tourism Third, the effectiveness of tourism is shown by attracting the number of tourists, the total revenue from tourists and contributing to the economic, cultural and social development The role Tourism development has a great impact on each nation’s economy, culture society, environment, defense and security For economy: Tourism development is an important source of revenue of the national budget; leading to the development of other professions, because SPDL is interdisciplinary, related to many other economic sectors; contributes to the consolidation and development of international economic relations In general, tourism activities have the effect of changing the balance of revenues and expenditures of the economy For culture and society: Tourism development has positive impacts on solving social problems; contribute to solving sociocultural problems in remote and remote areas, slowing the urbanization process; contribute to the promotion and preservation of traditional cultural values; Tourism activities, to a certain extent, the optimal rest regime contributes to preventing disease, prolonging life expectancy, enhancing health and working capacity of people For environment, national defense and security: Tourism development helps people to know the importance of nature, to be aware of protecting nature Tourism activities contributing to ensuring national security and social order and safety, developing tourism in border areas and islands have actively contributed to asserting national sovereignty on sea and land, and time creating a remote defense system for the country 2.1.1.2. The world and regional impacts on tourism development in Vietnam Positive impacts: First, peace, cooperation, development and international integration are a major trend in the world; Second, science and technology have experienced strong growth; third, the AsiaPacific region witnesses dynamic development Negative impacts: First, world economy and politics have complicated and unpredictable developments; Second, the AsiaPacific and Southeast Asia regions have complicated developments and several uncertain factors 2.1.1.3 Potentials, strengths and difficulties, challenges of Vietnamese tourism The potentials and strengths of Vietnamese tourism Tourism resources Vietnam is a country rich in tourism resources, in which, the outstanding natural and humanistic tourism resources are plentiful and diverse, facilitating the development of many types of tourism and tourism products Other advantages from socioeconomic conditions The economic growth and stability; Positive diplomatic relations of Vietnam; The cultural and social fields have gained many important achievements; The people's material and spiritual life has been markedly improved, creating favourable conditions to promote tourism development Technical facilities and tourism equipment such as: transportation system, electricity and water supply and drainage systems, etc. Although these factors are not really adequate, they basically can meet the tourism development requirements Difficulties and challenges of Vietnamese tourism Economic development is not sustainable; quality, efficiency, low competitiveness, not commensurate with the potential The fields of education and training, science and technology, culture and society are still weak These things bring difficulties to economic development, society in general and tourism development in particular 2.1.1.4. The current situation of the Party’s leadership in tourism development before 2006 Advantages: The Party has formed and gradually supplemented a system of views, undertakings and policies; pay attention to and direct tourism development, consider tourism as an important and integrated economic sector; Vietnam's tourism has a good growth rate, making an important contribution to economic growth and solutions to cultural and social problems Shortcomings: The Party's policies and guidelines on the role tourism development have not been adequately paid attention to. The 7th Congress of the Party determined that tourism development is necessary and important in order to promote the industrialization and modernization of the country; however, from 1991 to 1994, it has not been implemented, until 1995. , newly built and implemented tourism development planning in Vietnam for the first time. In 2001, the Party determined to develop tourism into a spearhead economic sector, but 10 there was no implementation plan; the effectiveness of directing some tourism development content is inadequate 2.1.2. The Party's policy on tourism development (20062010) The policy of tourism development in the 20062010 periods is clearly shown in the socioeconomic development strategy 20012010 passed by the National Congress (2001); Document of the X Congress (2006) and Central Conferences of the Party in the 20062010 periods. The content of the Party's policy on tourism development in the 2006 2010 periods is shown in the following points: 2.1.2.1. The target It aims at making tourism into a spearhead economic sector and the country with developed tourism in the region 2.1.2.2. The direction First, expand and improve tourism quality and development Second, improve the quality and efficiency of tourism on the basis of exploiting advantages of natural, ecological, cultural and historical traditions Third, promote tourism to meet domestic tourism needs and international tourism development 2.1.2.3. The tasks and solutions First, attach importance to building strategies and planning for tourism development Second, encourage investment in tourism development; promote cooperation and association with other countries Third, diversify different products of tourism Fourth, strengthen the promotion and promotion of international and national tourism Fifth, train and foster human resources for tourism 2.2. The Party’s direction on tourism development (2006 2010) 2.2.1. Build the schedule and the plan for tourism development According to the spirit of the 10 th Congress (2006) of the Party, to strongly reform the formulation of tourism development strategies, plans and plans in the direction of paying special attention to economic and literary indicators and measures. social and environmental, to maximize comparative advantages, national resources, of each region and each locality, closely link strategy, planning with plans, planning work, plan, synchronous from the general to specific ones Further effectively implement tourism development planning according to the Vietnam Tourism Development Master Plan for the period 14 In 2010, Resolution No. 03 / NQCP, dated 15/01/2010, On major solutions to direct and administer the implementation of the socio economic development plan and the 2010 state budget estimate, continue to promote tourism. Decision 2323 / QDBVHTTDL, dated July 5, 2010, Approving the 2010 National Tourism Promotion Program, clearly identified the promotion content in 2010 2.2.5. Improve the quality of training and human resources for tourism development In the spirit of the X Congress (2006) of the Party, the training and development of tourism human resources focuses on developing tourism training institutions, innovating training programs, content and standardoriented training methods At the same time, develop a contingent of teachers, trainers, and trainers in tourism, provide training according to social needs, and develop tourism professional standards and international cooperation for tourism training. Resolution No. 01/2006 / NQCP, dated January 16, 2006, On major solutions to direct and administer the implementation of the 2006 socioeconomic plan and state budget, defining the focus for with tourism development in 2006 is the training and development of tourism human resources. The National Action Program on tourism 2006 2010 emphasizes that one of the main tasks for tourism development is to train and develop human resources for tourism The Action Program of the tourism industry after Vietnam joined the World Trade Organization for the period 20072012 affirms: The key task to develop tourism is to strengthen the capacity of the workforce in the Industry. Accordingly, the specific task is determined to build and organize the implementation of the Tourism Human Resource Development Program to 2015 with a vision to 2020. Simultaneously, it also indicates the tasks and the specific time for construction and implementation of the Development Program of Human Resource for Vietnam Tourism Conclusion chapter 2 During the years 2006 2010, the world and the region had many complicated and unpredictable developments, with both advantages and challenges for tourism development. Our Party has step by step perfected the guidelines and policies for tourism development, of which the Party's overall goal is to develop tourism into a key economic sector in line with promoting the country's potentials and strong points. The Party has identified directions, tasks and solutions for tourism development in the 20062010 period, at the same time 15 focusing on directing in the fields of: Tourism development planning and planning; investment in tourism development; tourism promotion; tourism products development; developing tourism human resources, etc. Vietnam tourism has witnessed rapid growth, making important contributions to the country’s industrialization and modernization. However, the reality of tourism development in the 20062010 periods reveals some shortcomings which need further addressing in the coming time 16 Chapter 3 THE PARTY’S LEADERSHIP IN TOURISM DEVELOPMENT (2011 2015) 3.1. New affecting factors and the Party's policy on tourism development (2011 2015) 3.1.1 New factors affecting tourism development in Vietnam (2011 2015) 3.1.1.1 The impacts of the world and regional situation Positive impacts: First, peace, cooperation and development continue to be a big trend; science and technology continued to strongly develop; Second, tourism continues to be a fastgrowing economic sector in the world, tourists tend to gradually shift to AsiaPacific; Third, cooperation within Association of Southeast Asian Nations is increasingly strengthened, creating opportunities for cooperation within intraregional tourism Negative impacts: First, the world situation continues to evolve quickly, complicatedly and unpredictably, political instability, sovereignty disputes, etc. take place in many places; second, the world economic growth is slow, the negative impacts of the international economic globalization process; Third, the dispute over sovereignty over borders, seas and islands in AsiaPacific and Southeast Asia has been increasingly complicated 3.1.1.2. The impacts of the situation in the country The advantages: First, the economy and politics are stable, people's lives continue to be improved; second, foreign relations and international cooperation have been increasingly expanded and deepened; Third, the achievements in tourism development in the years 20062010 create strong momentum for the coming time The difficulties and challenges In the period 2011 2015, the macro economy was basically stable, but recovery was slow, growth did not reach the set target; Growth quality in some areas is still low. Shortcomings and weaknesses in the fields of education and training, science and technology, culture, society, and health Disputes over sovereignty of sea and islands, especially in the South China Sea, creating tensions in international relations, threaten peace, stability and negatively affect the socio economic development of the country, including tourism 3.1.2. The Party's policy on tourism development (2011 2015) 17 The Party's tourism development policy as shown in Document XI Congress (2011) and documents of the Central Party conferences in the period 2011 2015. The Party's tourism development policy in the period 20112015 is shown in the following aspects: 3.1.2.1. The target To make tourism become a spearhead economic sector 3.1.2.2. The directions First, promote tourism development and create resources for tourism development Second, give priority to development and modernization of tourism Third, form big tourist centres in the country 3.1.2.3. The tasks and solutions First, renew the work of developing strategies, planning and plans for tourism development Second, mobilize diversified investment resources for tourism development Third, diversify tourism types and products Fourth, promote tourism in accordance with cultural values and foreign affairs Fifth, further train and promote human resources for tourism 3.2. The Party's direction on tourism development (2011 2015) 3.2.1 Build up the scheme and the plan for tourism development Carry out the implementation of Directive No. 01CT / TW dated 17/3/2011 of the Politburo on learning, grasping and implementing the resolution of the XI National Congress of the Party, Decision No. 2473 / QDTTg, dated December 30, 2011, approved "Vietnam tourism development strategy to 2020, vision to 2030", clearly defined the viewpoints and goals of tourism development in the period of 2011 2015 Implement the Vietnam Tourism Development Strategy to 2020, with a vision to 2030, the Ministry of Culture, Sports and Tourism directs the entire tourism industry to focus on implementing specific objectives On February 6, 2012, Decision 297 / QDBVHTTDL, Approving the program to coordinate, direct and organize the implementation of the "The strategy for Vietnam Tourism Development to 2020, Vision to 2030" Next, Directive No 18 / CT BVHTTDL, dated February 6, 2012, on organizing the implementation of "Vietnam tourism development strategy to 2020, vision to 2030", global requirements tourism industry, the provincial Department of Culture, Sports and 18 Tourism focuses on implementing the Strategy for Vietnam Tourism Development to 2020, with a vision to 2030 On March 7, 2012, Resolution No. 06 / NQCP Promulgating the Government Action Program for the term of 20112016 clearly defines the guiding contents to promote tourism development. In implementing this Resolution, on March 29, 2012, the Ministry of Culture, Sports and Tourism issued Decision No. 1183/QDBVHTTDL, The implementation plan of the Government's Action Program in various fields about culture, family, fitness, sports and tourism for the tenure 20112016. The plan has identified the specific jobs of the tourism industry and tourism development planning in the period 2011 2015 At the end of 2012, the Ministry of Culture, Sports and Tourism completed the master plan project for tourism development in Vietnam and reported to the Government. On that basis, on January 22, 2013, the Prime Minister issued Decision No. 201 / QDTTg, approved "Master plan for tourism development in Vietnam to 2020, with a vision to 2030". The plan has supplemented and adjusted the goals of tourism development, orientations and solutions In the period 2011 2015, the direction of planning construction, tourism development plans has a strong breakthrough compared to the 20062010 period; it is evident in the proactive implementation of construction and organizes the implementation of the Vietnam Tourism Development Strategy and Master Plan to 2020, with a vision to 2030. The interdisciplinary has been clearly shown in the plans, plans, in particular the work of Ministries, branches and agencies are very detailed and specific, thereby overcoming the overlap between the planning of the tourism industry with other sectors, overcoming the lack of linkage in the planning Upon completion of construction, very specific and strict decisions, directives, plans, action plans and implementation plans were issued from the central to local levels, which are very convenient to deploy to the ministries, branches and related agencies. However, tourism development planning remains some certain shortcomings 3.2.2 Further mobilize investment resources for tourism development In the period 2011 2015, investment direction for tourism development is conducted proactively, flexibly, with high efficiency, focusing on investment in infrastructure to promote tourism development Since 2010, the Ministry of Culture, Sports and Tourism has developed report No 146 / TTRBVHTTDL, dated 20/7/2010, On 19 increasing support for investment in tourism infrastructure in 2011 2015, to synchronously develop tourist resorts infrastructure Next, the Prime Minister issued Decision No. 60 / QDTTg dated September 30, 2010, Promulgating principles, criteria and norms for allocation of development investment capital from the state budget period 2011 2015. It is set to determine the target, principles, content and level of support for tourism development from the state budget in the period 2011 2015 The strategy for Vietnam’s tourism development to 2020, with a vision to 2030, clearly states: Mobilizing all domestic and foreign resources for investment in tourism development, the investment focus is on developing the lower system floors and technical facilities for tourism The master plan on Vietnam’s tourism development to 2020, with a vision to 2030, identifies priorities for investment, areas of investment concentration and total investment for each tourist area, tourist area, and solution. The 20112015 periods needs a total investment of 372 trillion dong (equivalent to 18.5 billion USD). The priority investment contents include: Investment in technical facilities is USD 6,475 million (35%); infrastructure investment is 5,180 million USD (28%); promotion, branding is 2,775 million USD (15%); human resource training is 1,295 million USD (7%), etc From 2011 to 2014, attracting foreign investment in tourism development continued to comply with the Prime Minister's Decision No. 1290 / QDTTg, dated September 26, 2007, On the countries calling for foreign investment in the 20062010 periods. On April 29, 2014, the Prime Minister issued Decision No 631 / QDTTg, Promulgating the list of countries calling for foreign investment to 2020, replacing Decision No. 1290 / QDTTg dated September 26, 2007. The decision has clearly identified tourism projects calling for foreign investment in the period 2014 2015 The efficiency of directing investment in tourism development has a strong development compared to the 20062010 period. The total investment capital for tourism development increases sharply compared to the 20062010 period. Total investment in accommodation and Food and drink in the period 2011 2015 is 126,704 billion VND, 1.97 times more than that of the 20062010 periods 3.2.3. Further develop and diversify products and types of tourism The 11th Congress (2011) of the Party continued to set the orientation to diversify types of tourism, in which, prioritizing the development of marine and island tourism, cultural tourism, ecotourism to promote tourism development. 20 Implement the Party's policy; the Vietnam Tourism Development Strategy to 2020, with a vision to 2030 affirms that one of the goals of tourism development is to create high quality tourism products, with national cultural identity, competing with other countries in the region and the world Plan on tourism development in Vietnam to 2020, vision to 2030 clearly states the development direction of all types and tourism products The National Plan of Action on tourism for the period 2013 2020, defines: By 2015, building and transferring the management and exploitation of about 20 typical, specific, highquality tourism products, improving the quality of tourism products for 30% of tourism products of tourist sites and destinations in the whole country In the period 2011 2015, promote various types of tourism and tourism products, the Government, ministries, branches and state agencies continue to promote and give priority to developing cultural, ecological and island tourism Simultaneously, closely directing the development of various types and tourism products in tourist areas, national tourist areas and tourist routes, forming specific tourism routes, developing tourist routes in association with Thematic tourism products continued to be promoted However, tourism products development remains certain limitations 3.2.4. Promote and propagandize tourism In the period 2011 2015, the direction of promotion and tourism management has many innovations compared to the 20062010 period, demonstrating the professionalization, following key programs, plans and campaigns, focusing on the target field, the tourism products, and the tourism brand On January 9, 2011, Resolution No 03 / NQCP, On major solutions to direct and administer the implementation of the socio economic development plan and 2011 state budget estimates, One of the tasks of the Ministry of Culture, Sports and Tourism in 2011 is to effectively implement the tourism promotion program Next, on July 27, 2011, the Ministry of Culture, Sports and Tourism issued Decision No. 2284 / QDBVHTTDL, On the approval of the 2011 National Tourism Promotion Program The strategy for Vietnam's tourism development to 2020, with a vision to 2030, affirms that one of the priorities is to promote tourism; accordingly, the State has a policy of prioritizing investment support in the direction of professionalism, promoting tourism in association with promoting the national image. Simultaneously, develop and organize the 21 implementation of domestic and international tourism promotion programs and plans with flexible and appropriate methods The master plan on Vietnam's tourism development to 2020, with a vision to 2030, focuses on building the mechanism and promotion in the direction of focusing the promotion function for the General Department of Tourism. The centres of tourism promotion are established in key tourism localities and key international markets Increase the capitals for tourism promotion and tourism management are increased significantly In 2013, Decision No 2151 / QDTTg, dated 11/11/2013, Approving the National Tourism Promotion Program for the period 2013 2020 clearly defines the objectives, tasks, solutions, and financial resources to conduct the programs Deploy the National Tourism Promotion Program for the period 2013 2020 In 2014, the Ministry of Culture, Sports and Tourism issued Decision No. 430 / QDBVHTTDL, dated February 27, 2014, on the establishment of The Chairman of the National Tourism Promotion Program for the period 20132020 In 2014, the State Steering Committee for Tourism issued Decision No. 1836 / KHBCĐNNVDL, dated June 6, 2014, The Plan to direct and coordinate the implementation of urgent solutions to information, promote tourism in key markets to attract tourists. In order to implement this plan, on August 26, 2014, the Ministry of Culture, Sports and Tourism hosted a meeting to implement the Plan No. 1836 / KHBCĐNNVDL, assigning specific tasks to agencies under the Ministry and in coordination with different relevant ministries and branches Further implement the National Tourism Promotion Program for the period of 2013 2020. The Ministry of Culture, Sports and Tourism issued Decision 3423 / QDBVHTTDL, dated October 17, 2014, Promulgating the stimulus program. Domestic tourism with the theme "Vietnamese people travel to Vietnam Love the country more in every trip" 3.2.5 Continue to improve the quality of training and promoting human resources for tourism Training and development of human resources in the 20112015 period will focus on establishing new training institutions and improving the quality of the network of tourism training and retraining institutions, at the same time, focusing on building a team teachers, continue to carry out vocational training according to social needs, in close link with the training of tourism human resources 22 On July 22, 2011, Decision No. 1216 / QDTTg, clearly stated the target of human resource development for tourism in the period of 2011 2015: The total manpower in 2015 is about 620 thousand people, the rate of trained manpower about 58.0% of the total workforce of the industry, etc The Strategy for Vietnam’s Tourism Development to 2020, with a vision to 2030, continues to state the orientation of developing tourism human resources, focusing on developing the network of training institutions; diversify training methods, encourage onthejob training, selftraining according to the needs of businesses, etc. To implement that orientation, the Government requested the Ministry of Culture, Sports and Tourism in 2012, to complete construction and organize the implementation of the Strategy for human resource development in tourism for the period 20112020 Next, Directive No 18 / CT BVHTTDL, dated February 6, 2012, requires agencies and units in the entire tourism industry to focus on planning relevant strategies for promoting human resources for tourism Implement the development of human resources for tourism, the Ministry of Culture, Sports and Tourism has proactively developed the project on human resource development planning for the tourism industry for the period 20112020 and on September 29, 2011, issued Decision No. 3066 / QDBVHTTDL, dated September 29, 2011, On the approval of the planning for human resource development in tourism for the period 2011 2020. The decision clearly defines the viewpoints and goals of human resource development in Vietnam tourism in the period 20112015 In the period 2011 2015, the direction of training and development of tourism human resources has a strong development, a breakthrough compared to the 20062010 period, which is reflected in the direction of construction and implementation. Planning for human resource development in the tourism sector for the period 2011 2020 is a great breakthrough as Vietnam has developed and implemented a longterm tourism manpower strategy, clearly defining the views for tourism human resource development. The scale and quality of human resources in tourism in the 20112015 periods has a strong growth compared to that of the 20062010 periods. In 2015, the number of human resources in tourism is about 2.25 million people, accounting for about 4% of the workforce of the whole country Conclusion chapter 3 The 2011 2015 periods witnessed both advantages and challenges for tourism development. Closely follow up with the world and domestic situation and the current situation of Vietnam's tourism, 23 the Party has timely formulated a policy of tourism development, which is clearly stated in the Document of the Party Congress XI (2011) and the Associations Central Conference in the period 2011 2015, which means tourism will continue to be prioritized for development and modernization to be a key economic sector The Party has strictly directed the development of tourism. Vietnam tourism continues to have a strong development, obtaining significant achievements with several outstanding points and targets many times higher than those of the 2006 2010 periods, making a great contribution to addressing cultural and social problems and the country’s socioeconomic development Chapter 4 COMMENTS AND EXPERIENCES 4.1. Comments on the Party's leadership in tourism development (2006 2015) 4.1.1. The advantages First, the Party's awareness of the role of tourism is increasingly comprehensive and thorough Second, the Party leads the State agencies to institutionalize the policy of tourism development into the development strategies and planning practically and effectively Third, the Party directs the tourism development comprehensively but with identified focus; coordination between the forces involved is better and more harmonious Fourth, tourism grows rapidly and achieves significant results, most of the goals set out in the 20062015 periods have been completed, contributing to the overall development of the country The causes of the advantages First, the world and the regional situation has many advantages for tourism development; Second, Vietnam's security, politics and social order are stable, socioeconomic growth is good; tourism resources are diversified; third, the Party's proper tourism development policy is the decisive reason for tourism development; Fourth, the synergy of the whole society has been mobilized to promote tourism 4.1.2. The limitations First, the Party's awareness of tourism has changed and is increasingly perfect, but it fails to meet the requirements for development 24 Second, the coordination direction between the forces in tourism development still has some shortcomings and the effectiveness of directing some specific aspects remains insufficient Third, the results of tourism development are not commensurate with the potentials, with an unfulfilled goal The causes of the limitations First, the negative impacts of the world and regional situation; second, the low starting point of Vietnamese tourism; Third, the tourism development policy has not met the development requirements; Fourth, grasping and implementing the Party's policy on tourism development of some party committees and authorities is not good; Fifth, the capacity of the labour force participating in tourism activities from management to operational staff still has many shortcomings, which fail to ensure the quantity and the quality 4.2. Some experiences from the Party's leadership in tourism development (2006 2015) 4.2.1. Strengthen the Party's leadership in combination with promoting the State's management role in the development process of tourism Strength the Party's leadership combined with the management role of the State is a decisive factor for socioeconomic development in general and tourism development in particular The reality of Vietnam’s tourism development has confirmed the important role of promoting the Party's leadership in combination with the State's management role From the reality of the Party's leadership in combination with the promotion of the State's management role in the tourism development process in the 20062015 period, three issues can be drawn as follows: First, develop tourism development plans suitable with reality and maximize the potentials and advantages; second, perfect the system of legal documents and policies for tourism development; third, conduct inspection, inspection and strictly handle violations regarding tourism development 4.2.2. Synchronize coordination among related sectors, forces, and contents of tourism Tourism is a general economic sector with deep cultural content, interdisciplinary, interregional and highly socialized, closely related to other industries. Simultaneously, tourism itself includes many contents; each point is closely related to each other and with other industries, so develop tourism must synchronize coordination between related sectors and forces 25 The reality of tourism development shows that: Tourism can only develop stably and sustainably when synchronizing coordination among industries, forces, and basic contents of tourism From the reality of the Party leading tourism development in the 20062015 periods, synchronizing the coordination among sectors, forces, and the basic contents of tourism, the following three contents can be drawn. First, renew awareness and thinking about tourism development; Second, there is a clear and specific coordination mechanism between ministries, branches and agencies in the implementation of tourism development planning and plans; third, synchronously develop basic contents of tourism, and select appropriate content for development 4.2.3. Promote tourism products on the basis of exploiting potentials and strengths in nature, culture, society, the country and people of Vietnam Promoting tourism products on the basis of exploiting potentials and strengths of nature, culture, society, the country and people of Vietnam is a prerequisite for creating unique and unique tourism products, representing for Tourism resources for the country with services that not only satisfy the needs and expectations of visitors but also create an impression of originality and creativity, is one of the decisive factors for competitiveness , attracting tourists and has top importance, because it determines the "difference" of tourism products to attract tourists The process of the Party leading the development of tourism proves that the richer, more diversified, and betterquality tourism products, the stronger the tourism development and vice versa, the poor quality of tourism is difficult to promote, if not to say, even fall backward From the practice of tourism products development in the period 2006 2015, three following points can be drawn: First, tourism products development planning maximizes its potentials and strengths; second, promoting strengths and links between regions and localities to form typical tourism products; third, promote a quality, diversified and synchronous tourism products system, meeting the needs of domestic and international tourists 4.2.4 Closely link and coordinate in promoting and propagandizing tourism Closely link and coordinate tourism promotion and propaganda are the bridge between supplies demand in tourism activities, promoting tourism development. Moreover, tourism promotion is a specific activity, if not closely linked and coordinated; it cannot be carried out effectively 26 The reality of the Party's leadership in tourism development also shows the importance of close association and coordination in tourism promotion From the reality of the Party leading tourism promotion in the period 2006 2015, the following three issues can be drawn: First, restructure the organization of tourism promotion in the direction of concentrating the promotion and advertisement functions for tourism promotion; second, link and cooperates between regions and localities in tourism promotion; third, rationally use and increase the State budget for tourism promotion Conclusion chapter 4 During the period from 2006 to 2015, the Party has gradually completed guidelines and policies to exploit the potentials and strengths of Vietnam in tourism. The Party has taken a comprehensive and strict leadership in tourism development. Tourism has a strong development, achieving outstanding results in both thinking, planning and implementation capacity of tourism development programs and plans. However, in addition to these achievements, the leadership of tourism development reveals some certain limitations The process of leading tourism development in the years 2006 2015 has gathered a lot of valuable experiences in policy, planning and the process of organizing and directing the implementation of tourism development. This serves as the basis for the Party to further improve its guidelines, policies and directions on tourism development in the coming time CONCLUSION 1. Tourism has become one of the vital economic sectors of many countries in the world. Vietnam possesses several advantages to promote tourism. Its natural tourism resources, tangible and intangible cultural heritage system are rich and diverse. Besides, other conditions such as labour resources, transportation systems, electricity, water, etc. can be guaranteed to promote tourism 2. During the years 2006 2015, on the basis of deep awareness of changes in the world, regional and national situation, the Party promptly formulated policies and guidelines for tourism development, to correctly set the basic goals and directions for tourism development, in which the cross cutting goal is to develop tourism into a spearhead economic sector. The Party has closely led the development of tourism including tourism planning, planning and development; investment in tourism development; develop types of tourism products to attract tourists, promote tourism development. The State agencies, especially the Government, the Ministry of Culture, Sports and Tourism, the General Department of Tourism, the Departments of Culture, 27 Sports and Tourism of the provinces and cities have made great efforts in holding, managing and controlling tourism development The objective assessment of the Party's leadership in tourism development for 10 years (2006 2015) shows that the Party has achieved certain results but still remains some shortcomings and limitations Under the Party’s leadership, tourism has developed rapidly with outstanding achievements in both thinking and capacity to plan and organize the implementation of tourism development programs The Party's awareness of tourism is increasingly improved and comprehensive; The Party leads the State to institutionalize guidelines and orientations for tourism development into practical and effective tourism development strategies; the direction of tourism development is comprehensive with the focal areas; the coordination between the forces involved is better and harmonious; Tourism thrived and achieved important results, most of the goals set out in the 20062015 period have been completed, contributing to the general development of the country However, in addition to the achievements, the Party's leadership in tourism development still has some limitations, such as: The Party's policies on tourism have not really met the development requirements; in directing the coordination among tourism development forces still has a number of shortcomings, the effectiveness of directing some specific aspects is limited; tourism development is not commensurate with its potentials and expectations, with unfulfilled goals 4. By giving an overview of the Party’s leadership in tourism development in the years 2006 2015, the thesis has drawn four experiences with historical and real value, namely: Enhancing the Party’s leadership in combination with promoting the State's management role in the process of tourism development; synchronizing different coordination among sectors, forces, and basic contents of tourism; promoting tourism products on the basis of exploiting the potentials and strengths of the natural, cultural and social aspects of the country and people of Vietnam and linking and cooperating closely in tourism promotion 5. Peaceful and cooperative development is a major trend in the world and the region, but the changes are complicated and unpredictable. The AsiaPacific region is still a dynamic centre of economic development in the world, but territorial disputes, especially those in the East Sea, have evolved sharply and severely These evolutions show that: both at present and in the long term, tourism development will have both advantages and difficulties. That requires the Party’s and the State’s 28 due attention and leadership in tourism development, so that tourism can become a key economic sector of the country ... entitled "The Communist Party of Vietnam’s leadership in tourism? ?development? ?from? ?2006? ?to? ?2015" as his doctoral thesis, majoring in? ?History? ?of? ?the? ?Communist? ?Party? ?of? ?Vietnam 2. Aims and tasks? ?of? ?the? ?study... causes and summarizing? ?the? ?experiences? ?from? ?the? ?Party' s? ?leadership? ?in? ? tourism? ?development? ?from? ?2006? ?to? ?2015 3. Object and scope? ?of? ?the? ?study Object The? ?leadership? ?of? ? the? ? Communist? ?Party? ? of? ? Vietnam? ?in? ? tourism? ? development. .. experiences for reference? ?in? ?the? ?coming years Tasks Giving an overview? ?of? ?the? ?thesisrelated research situation Clarifying? ?the? ?factors affecting? ?the? ?Party' s? ?leadership? ?in? ?tourism? ? development? ?from? ?2006? ?to? ?2015 Analysing