The st UTS-VNU Research School Advanced Technologies for IoT Applications A Performance Comparison of Gigabit-Capable Backhauling Solutions for 5G Cellular Networks Thang V Nguyen1, Hien T.T Pham1, Hai-Chau Le1, and Ngoc T Dang1,2 1Posts and Telecommunications Institute of Technology, Hanoi, Vietnam 2Computer Communication Labs., The University of Aizu, Aizuwakamatsu, Japan Abstract Problem Statement Contributions Fig Mobile growth continues (Source: Cisco VNI Global IP Traffic Forecast) A high-capacity, flexible, cost, and energy efficient backhaul network based on the convergence of optical and wireless technologies is proposed The proposed backhaul network, which is deployed on wavelength-division multiplexing passive optical network (WDM-PON), supports three backhauling solutions including pure WDM-PON, hybrid WDMPON/free-space optics (FSO), and hybrid WDM-PON/millimeterwave (MMW) radio frequency (RF) The numerical results verify the system performance of each backhaul solution It is demonstrated that combination of these approaches can exploit PON, FSO and RF technologies to provide a flexible and gigabit-bandwidth-capable solution for the fifth generation (5G) backhaul networks Fig The growth of mobile data traffic for services In fifth-generation networks, the traffic growth creates more challenges for the current systems [1]-[4]: Higher data rates Fig Converged fiber-wireless cellular backhaul networks [3] Thanks to the advantages of high-capacity and quick deployment, radio links using MMW or FSO has been considered as an attractive alternatives to cope with many situations [4],[5] Larger network capacity Limitation Higher spectral efficiency Greater energy efficiency Fig Regional Mobile Data Traffic Growth Rates (Source: Cisco VNI Mobile, 2015) Higher security MMW and FSO communication systems suffer from large free-space and atmospheric attenuation and consequently their link range is limited Research proposal • A novel backhauling architecture that is based on WDM-PON to provide three backhauling solutions including pure PON, hybrid PON/FSO and hybrid PON/RF • Our proposed backhauling architecture, which inherits the advantages from optical fiber, FSO, and RF, thus can provide high-capacity while being flexible, cost- and energy-efficient Results Fig Ber versus the total distance with different transmitted power, Rb = 10 Gbps, LFSO = LRF = 800 m • The WDM-PON/FSO provides better performance than the WDM-PON/RF system does when the required BER is small enough however, it suffers the worst performance if the required BER is not too small • WDM-PON/FSO or WDM-PON/RF are other alternatives that are able to deal with the trade-off between the operation performance and the cost of installation, mobility and flexibility for next generation backhaul networks Fig BER versus the splitting ratio for the case total distance L = 40000 m with Rb = 10 Gbps, LFSO = LRF = 800 m Fig System performance versus bit rate with L = 40000 m and LFSO = LRF = 800 m • The obtained BERs of three comparing backhaul solutions are increasing rapidly as greater splitting ratio is deployed • PON systems that are implemented in the comparing backhaul networks simply utilize power splitters and hence, the optical power at the outputs of the splitters is dramatically reduced • The simulation results demonstrate that for all given bit rates WDM-PON system always provides the best performance • WDM-PON/FSO backhaul system should be preferred over WDM-PON/RF system as the high performance systems are necessary Future work In the context towards Internet of Things (IoTs), in order to accommodate for the emerging mobile data traffic for the fifth generation (5G) mobile networks, distributed resource allocation and interference management is one of the challenges for heterogeneous networks with the co-existence of macro cells and small cells as well as the provisioning for device-to-device communication Radio resource management issues including cell association and scheduling with inter-node coordination, as well as how they are related to backhaul solutions should be studied So, we are going to approach the distributed solutions for the resource allocation problem in those mentioned above converged cellular backhaul networks setup References Cheng-Xiang Wang et al., “Cellualar architecture and key technologies for 5G wireless communications networks,” IEEE Communications Magazine, vol 52, no 2, pp 122-130, Feb 2004 Orawan Tipmongkolsilp, Said Zaghloul, and admela Jukan, “The evolution of cellular backhaul technologies: current issues and future trends,” IEEE Communications Survey & Tutorial, vol 13, iss 1, pp 97-113, May 2011 Cheng Liu et al., “Key microwave-photonics technologies for next-generation cloud-based radio access networks,” IEEE/OSA J Lightwtechnol., vol 32, iss 20, pp 3452-3460, Jul 2014 C Dehos et al., “Millimeter-wave access and backhauling: the solution to the expontential data traffic increase in 5G mobile 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