The State''''s role in provision of testing service for food safety in Vietnam: From socialization perspective

V(.'C- i-d UPPSALA UNIVERSITET UNIVERSITY OF ECONOMICS & BUSINESS,VNUH UPPSALA UNIVERSITET MASTER THESIS OF MPPM The State's role in provision of testing service for food safety in Vietnam: From socialization perspective Authors: Le Ba Anh Pham Thi Ngoc Dung Le Yen Oanh Supervisor: Prof PhD Sven-Erik SvSrd PhD Nguyen Manh Hung mm nrvucE -GIW i p UPPSALA UNIVERSITET (SWEDEN) «& UNIVERSITY OF ECONOMICS AND BUSINESS,VNUH MASTER PROGRAMME OF PUBLIC MANAGEMENT Le Ba Anh & Pham Thi Ngoc Dung & Le Yen Oanh MPPM -Uppsala -Intake The State's role in provision of testing service for food safet> in Vietnam: From socialization perspective Supervisor: Prof PhD Sven-Erik Svard PhD Nguyen Manh Hung I i »• Hanoi, Ma> -2011 ii< ACKNOWLEDGEMENT The thesis is completed in the scope of the Master Program of Public Management Uppsala University by Le Ba Anh, Pham Thi Ngoc Dung, and Le Ydn Oanh Certainly, the thesis will impossibly be well completed without the valuable support of the Swedish and Vietnamese instructors as well as the leaders and employees of the agencies selected for the two case studies of the research We would like to express the gratitude to Prof Dr Sven-Erik Svard - Head of Political Sciences, University of Uppsala Sweden, for his orienting instruction in the process of topic selection, especially in limiting the scope of the research: to Dr Nguyen Manh Hung - Director of Center for International Security and Strategic Studies, Institute of World Economics and Politics, Vietnam Academy of Social Sciences, who has accompanied and guided the research process and provided the group with \aluable knowledge and research materials We sincerely thank the lecturers who enthusiastically imparted useful knowledge on public management during the master program to all class attendants We also thank the support of the University of Economics and Business, the coordinators and program managers for their support and assistance We would like to thank the National Agro Forestry Fisheries Quality Assurance Department (NAFIQAD) - Ministr\ of Agriculture and Rural Development, Committee on Science echnology and Environment of the National Assembly Department of I-ood Hygiene and Safety - Ministry of Health, Sub-branch of NAFIQAD Region - Can Tho, Intertek Vietnam Co., Ltd for providing the group with references, inter\ iews and creating favorable conditions for our group to access data sources: and informants involved in this research Thanks for the support of our classmates, friends, and colleagues who have contributed ideas and information to the thesis Respectfully Le Ba Anh Pham Thi Ngoc Dung Le Yen Oanh III ABSTRACT Topic: The State's role in provision of food safety testing service in Vietnam - From socialization perspective Level of thesis: Master of Public Management Authors: Le Ba Anh, Pham Thi Ngoc Dung, Le Y^n Oanh Instructors: Prof Dr Sven-Erik Svard and Dr Nguyen Manh Hung Master defense day: 17/5/2011 Objective: In Vietnam, food contamination has led to thousands people suffering from food poisoning and an average of 60 deaths per year Consumption of unsafe food has an adverse impact on health and life quality of people Production of unsafe food also prevents the producers from entering the food market This creates an urgent need for strengthening the management of food safety, in which food safety testing plays an important role In the current context of Vietnam's increased economic integration, the provision of public services in general, and food safety testing service in particular has been liberalized in line with the market mechanism and reform requirements As a result, there are two viewpoints on liberalization of Vietnam's food safety testing service: 1) The traditional viewpoint argues that because food safety testing sen ice has a direct impact on life and health ol the people, it must be directly provided by the State agencies 2) The second viewpoint stales that food safety testing service should be provided by the private sector, as long as the latter can meet the State's standard, and this has been done in man\ countries The State will focus only on some types of testing service such as verification, not-for-profit ser\ices, and services in the disadvantageous areas Vietnamese term of "public service socialization" has recently appeared in this context of liberalization The meaning of "socialization" should not be similarly interpreted in English Rather, it means the State retreat from pro\iding public services in areas where the non-public sector can undertake Vietnam's Law on Food Safet\ affirms socialization of food safet\ testing service as a long-temi measure to mobilize more resources for food safety management activities Ne\ertheless up to now, there is not adequate research on socialization of food safety testing service, particularly the role oi the State in this process IV Our research is to study State's role on the provision of food safetv testing service and change of this role in the socialization process Our research question is: ''How does the State's role change in the socialization of FS testing service?" Findings of our research will supplement available researches on reform of public management model, and provide the evidence-based reference for relevant policy makers Methodology: Methods used in the research include: Literature review, case study, comparison and in-depth interview Data used in the research include the system of current policies, regulations of Vietnam, primary and secondary data from relevant survey, fieldwork data collection and in-depth interviews We have developed a model of public services socialization in Vietnam with major stages based on existing theories of public management, public services and the reality of socialization in health and education sectors This model was tested against the case of food safety testing service provision by analyzing the changes of State's role in the socialization process We then analyzed the secondary data from the survey conducted by National AgroForestry-Fisheries Quality Assurance Department The data covers groups of testing service providers, corresponding to different degree of socialization, to compare the efficiency, performance and capacity among different groups of providers From the results, we examine the room for further socialization in each group of providers Next we examined two case studies: 1) a State-owned agency and 2) a private establishment (in the same geographic area) to compare the efficiency in the use of investment capital, and human resources, speed of investment for capacity building and service quality Findings and Conclusions: Findings of the research allow us to conclude that food safety testing senice falls in the category of extended public services (as defined by the \V'orld Bank) of which State is not the only provider This conclusion is iu line with the 2""^ viewpoint mentioned above Even though in principle, food safety testing service should be socialized in line with the market mechanism, some special kinds of testing service may not be provided by the private sector, either because the latter is not readv to assume this role or because the pro\ ision of those services are too risky for them The State's role in providing food safety testing service has undergone in stages: 1) the stage of direct State delivery: 2) the transitional stage: and 3) the socialization stage) In-depth analvsis of two case studies indicated that the private sector had more advantages than the public sector in terms of investment efficiency, use of human resources, the speed of quality improvement and development motivation Therefore, there is a need to help the private sector to enhance investment on service delivery in both quantity and quality In contrast, there is no need to increase the number of the State-owned establishments, but to improve their service quality and the scope of autonomy Findings in the research allowed us to strengthen the original model of public services socialization with regard to the role of State in terms of: supply-demand assessment: planning of service provision and establishment of output-based monitoring system of services quality In our new model, the State is identified in the process of socialization of food safety testing service as having the following roles : ( H T o identify core and extended public services, and from this, identifving its responsibility and role towards each group of public services, the management and provision mechanism of public services; (2) To assess supply-demand and plan the provision of public services, to identify targets, itinerary and solutions for socialization oi food safety testing service in each specific stage (3) To promulgate management tools for food safety testing service, including policies and conditions to deliver services - the necessary condition to assure service quality (4) To extend the scope and enhances the autonomy of public service providers and designs the itinerary to transform these establishments into the model of service delivery enterprises (5) To promulgate preferential policies on investment, taxes, land and loans to facilitate the development of non-public models: (6) To generate a fair competition environment based on the four pillars of governance: accountability, transparency, participation and predictability together with the reforms of administrative procedures and improvement in the responsiveness of responsible indiv iduals and organizations (7) '\o develop a system of criteria, outpul-based monitoring and evaluation about quality of the services (8) To facilitate service users to give feedback on quality, and balance delivery so that the State can refine policies appropriately services Limitations and recommendations for further studies Our research has a limited scope Because of time and resource constraint, we were not able to conduct the survey and evaluation of service quality from the user perspective Our two case studies have not dealt with wide-ranged comparative criteria (e.g price, quality ) The further studies should increase the number of case studies and broaden the scope of study to not-for-profit and public-private-partnership models in service provision They should also develop evaluation indicators on quality of services by clients' perspectives to have overall assessment of efficiency oi different models of public services provision VI Contribution of the thesis: Our thesis is one of few primary studies in the field of socialization of food safety testing service It has strengthened the theoretical basis of public management and specifically, of the changing role of the State in providing public services It has developed the model and identified the State role in provision of food safety testing service It also provides policy implications for the two models of public and nonpublic service providers Our research results have helped the public sector managers see the current situation and the impact of State policies on food safety testing service provision and quality assurance Our research findings also figure out the State's role in socialization of public services, and identify some aspects that need State intervention but not yet addressed in the existing researches Key words: provision Food safety, food testing, socialization State, public services, service VII TABLE OF CONTENTS INTRODUCTrON 2 LITERATURE REVIEW 2.1 PUBi ICSFRVICE-S 2.2 THE S T A T E ' S ROLE IN PROVISION OF PUBLIC SERVICES SOCIALIZATION OF PUBLIC SERVICES 3.1 SOCIAIJZAMON OK PUBLIC SIRVIC liS IN VlI-TNAM 3.2 STAGES OF PL'BLIC SERVICE SOCIALIZATION IN VIETNAM MANAGEMENT AND PROVISION OF FS TESTING SERVICE IN VIETNAM 10 13 4.1 THE STAGE OF STATE DIRECT PROVISION OF TESTING SERVICE FOR FS 13 4.2 TRANSITIONAL PERIOD IN MANAGEMENT OF FS TESTING SERVICE 14 4.3 THE PERIOD OF ENHANCING SOCIALIZATION OF FS TESTING PROVISION 16 4.4 CHANGE OF THE S T A T E ' S ROLE IN PROVIDING FS TESTING SERVICE 18 FINDINGS FROM SURVEY AND CASE STUDIES 5.1 FINDINGS FROM SURVEY OF I HE TESTING SYSTEM BY 20 NAFIQAD 20 5.2 C A S E STUDY 1: 22 5.3 C A S E STUDY 24 5.4 SOME EVALUAI IONS FROM n i E CASE STUDII;S 26 CONCLUSIONS 29 6.1 Wn H REGARDS TO THE VIEWPOINT FOR SOCIALIZATION OF F S TESTING SERVICE 29 6.2 6.3 6.4 Till ROLF OF THE STATE TOWARDS SOCIALI/ATKW OF TESTING SERVICI: FOR FS Willi REGARDS 10 POM-NTIALS OF SOCIALIZATION OF TESTING SI;R VICE FOR FS LIMITATIONS AND PROPOSED FUTURE RESEARCHES 29 3I 31 REFERENCES 32 7.1 FOREIGN DOCUMENTS: 32 7.2 DOMESTIC DOCUMENTS: 32 APPENDICES 8.1 8.2 8.3 8.4 8.5 APPENDIX L G U I D I L I N I IOK !N-DF.i>m INIERVILWS APPENDIX 11: LlSIOF IN ILRVIEWEES APPENDIX Ml: LIST OF SOME POLICIES ON SOCIALIZATION OF PUBLIC SERVICES APPENDl X IV: LIST OF SOME DOCUMENTS ABOUT FOOD SAFETY MANAGEMENT APPENDIX V: DATA ABOUT TESTING CAPACITY OF THE TWO CASE STUDIES ^^^ 33 34 35 35 36 vni TABLES AND FIGLRES TABLES Table 5.1: Groups of testing labs for FS 21 Table 8.1: Results of capacity development of regional center No - Can Tho 36 Table 8.2: Result of testing capacity progress of INTERTEK Can Tho 36 FIGURES Figure 2.1: Model of public services provision Figure 3.1: Socialization process of public service provision 11 Figure 4.1: Organization chart of NAFIQACEN 13 Figure 4.2: Organization chart of NAFIQAVED 15 Figure 4.3: Total volume of export goods tested through NAFIQAVED 1996 - 2006 16 Figure 5.1: Distribution of testing labs of different areas throughout the countrv' 20 Figure 5.2: Comparison of investment efficiency based on the testable targets 26 Figure 5.3: Comparison of efficiency of human resources use per testing target/year 26 Figure 5.4: Comparison of development speed of testing capacity 27 Figure 5.5: Comparison of improvement speed of testing service quality 28 Figure 6.1: The State's role in socialization of testing service of food safety 30 IX ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS , FS Food safety Codex Codex Alimentarius international org for food standards NAFIQAD National Agro-Forestry-Fisheries Quality Assurance Department DANIDA Danish International Development Agency EU European Union FAO Food and Agricuhure Organization FDA Food and Drug Administration of the U.S FSPS Fisheries Sector Program Support HACCP Hazards Analysis and Critical control points 10 ISO International Organization for Standardization 11 MARD Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development 12 MOH Ministry of Health 13 NAFIQACEN National Fisheries Quality Assurance Center 14 NAFIQAVED National Fisheries Quality Assurance and Veterinary Directorate 15 NAFIQAD National Agro-Forestry-Fisheries Quality Assurance Department 16 SPS Sanitary and Phytosanitary 17 TBT Technical barriers to Trade 18 VASEP Vietnam Association of Seafood Exporters and Producers 19 WTO World Trade Organization Vol dac thii la don vj cung cap dich vu dpc quy§n tren dia ban tdt ca cac nhu cdu kidm nghiem cua cac co so san xuat kinh doanh deu phai thuc hien thong qua Chi nhanh Tuy nhien ngan sach hoat dpng ciia don vj tir nguon ngdn sach cdp va thu phi kiem nghiem o mirc thdp (bao cdp ciia nha nuoc), luong nhdn vien dupe tra theo mirc lucmg nha nuoc qui dinh vi vay hdu nhu khong co ap luc nao doi hoi Chi nhanh phai thuc hien nang cao chdt luong dich vu vd phat trien hoat dpng trir cac dp luc tir chinh co quan cdp tren Vdo thoi diem khung hoang an toan thuc phdm du lugmg khang sinh cdc thi truong tang cuong kiem nghiem CAP nam 2001 va nam 2002, tinh trang qua lai thuong xuyen dien Ly chu yeu cua tinh trgng qud tai Id ihieu thiet hi thieu kiem nghiem vien, mirc thu phi khong hii dap du(;rc chi phi ngdn sach cdp rat han che vd khong the tang nhanh dot bien Moi ca hdi cai thien tinh trgng ndy deu cha vdo cdc du dn ddu fu tir ngdn sdch nhd nuac Them nira ban fhdn Chi nhanh (m()t hinh thai fo chirc phu thuoc todn dien vdo to chirc cdp tren) khong the tu quyet dinh viec cai thien cache van hdnh vd nhdn sucua dan vi minh (Trich phong van ong Nguyen Chinh, Nguyen Giam doc Chi nhanh NAFIQACEN Branch 6) Nam 2002, Chinh phu ban hanh Nghi dinh 10/2002/ND-CP ve che tai chinh dp dung cho don vj su nghiep co thu Ddy la mot chinh sach c6 tinh chdt cai each nham giam bot su chi phoi, can thiep cua Chinh phu doi voi don vi cung cdp dich vu cong Theo cac don vj su nghiep cong lap co thu duoc quyen tu chu su dung cdc nguon thu cho cac hoat dpng So chenh lech (neu co) giira phdn thu vd phdn chi tmmg irng, don vi dupe chi thu nhap tang them, khen thuong cho nhan vien, trich quy phat trien boat dong su nghiep de dau Ur phai trien co so vat chat, mua sam may moc ihiel bi NAFIQACEN dupe phep dp dung co chk moi, cac Chi nhdnh duoc chu dong sir dung lao dpng, chi tra lucmg tang them cho can bo den 2.5 Idn muc luong nha nucVc qui djnh chu dc)ng mua sdm vat tu hcSa chdt va bo sung thiet bj Nang sudt kiem nghiem tang, thoi gian tra kk qua ki^m nghicMTi giam Cac dpng lire neu tren da tao dieu kien de Chi nhanh ndng cao chdt lucrn^ dich vu ki^m nghiem xdy dung chuong trinh quan ly phong kiem nghiem theo ISO 17025, tham gia kiem mau lien phong qu6c \k dat kdt qua t6t, dupe co quan cong nhdn VILAS danh gia va cong nhdn 12/2002 Nam 2001, NAFIQACEN NAFIQAVED, Chi nhanh chuyen Chi cue Quan ly chdt luong An toan ve sinh va Thii y Thiiy sdn viing Tir don \\ hoat dong theo mo hinh su nghiep sang mo hinh co quan quan ly nha nucVc, khong ihuc hien cung img dich vu theo veu cdu ngoai pham vi qudn Iv nha nuoc Vd tai chinh dcrn vi phai thuc hien chi lieu theo dinh mirc nha nircVc qui dinh, loan bo cdc noi dung chi phai dupe phe duyet ciia co quan cap tren va Kho bac nha nucVc Vc^ quan Iv nhdn sir don vi khong dupe phep su dung lao dpng hop dong, cac ccMig chuc vien chirc duc;c tuyCm dung, su dung theo mot co che het sue kho khan Ddv Id gun doan cia- kv kho khan, hogt dpng kiem nghiC^m vd cdp chwig nhgn cho hang hoa hi dinh tr^'do thu tuc toan mua hoa chdt, vgf fu phai todn qua kho bgc nha nirac bi L t 1.1^ nen nhd cung cdp hoa chdt khon^ the chap nhan Thai gian tra ket qua kiem t:'l^''uZ:!r:!JZ 'J:gc,L rr dav binh quan ngav co ihe k.rn ngh,n, SO au klumg sinh cdn, thi nav ch, co ihe ih.n- h„-n 20-30 ,miu (Trich phong vdn ong Nguyin Chinh Nguyen Giam d6c Chi nhanh NAriQACFN Branch 6) T ' ap - lia , •cua ,M.,doanh H.vinh"thu.P neh.ep va su cung ung djch mo hinh cung I ruac • bi tac ciia ^^ viec ^, ^^^ ^^i vu ^^^a Q^^^ ,, ^ha, nhAc cua ca quan M - " Iy nha nuo^^ N^11 ^ ^^^ ^.^ ^^.^ , ^ ^ ^ ATVS&TYTS lucmg An toan ve sinh & Inu > muv san ^ui h vung Mo hinh hoat dpng chuyen tir ca quan quan ly nha nuac dan vi su nghiep djch vu cong vai muc doc lap cao han Trung tam dugc tai ap dung mo hinh tu chu tai chinh theo Ngh! dinh 10/2002/N'D-CP va tir nam 2006 dugc ap dung ca ch6 tu chO tu chiu trach nhiem thuc hien nhiem vu to chirc bg may bien che va tai chinh theo Nghi dinh 43/2006/ND-CP vol bien cao, rat gan voi ca che cua doanh nghiep Co hoi da tao di^u kien thuan Igi de Trung tam phat trien toan dien nang luc cung img dich vu kiem nghiem tang nhanh ch4t lugng dich vu dugc nang cao ro ret thai gian tra ket qua kiem nghiem giam Nam 2007 Viet Nam gia nhap WTO doi hoi phai thay doi mo hinh bao dp va dpc quyen djch vu Chinh phu tiep tuc cai each mo hinh hoat dgng su nghiep Cac dan vi dugc quyen tu chii rat cao tuyen dung, tra luang d4u tu theo hieu qua hoat dgng Dong thai Nghi dinh s6 79/2008/ND-CP 18/7/2008 da tao ca sa phap ly cho viec hinh he thong kiem nghiem xa hgi hoa ciia cac t6 chirc ngoai cong lap Trong s6 14 dan vj cung img dich vu kiem nghiem tu nhan co ph4n tren pham vi ca nuac thi rieng tren dja ban hoat dgng cua Trung tam vung da co phong kiem nghiem dugc lap mai va di vao hoat dpng (INTERTHK Trung tam CASE Cong ty SGS va Cong ty co phdn AGIFISH) hien dang CO them mgt so dan vi dich kiem nghiem tiep tuc xin cap phep hoat dgng tai dja ban Boi canh buoc Trung tam viing phai tang cuimg nang lire de chuyen tir vj the doc quy^n sang canh tranh cung cap dich vu kiem nghiem an toan thuc pham voi cac phong kiem nghiem xa hgi hoa tir khu vuc tu Qua trinh lap phat trien Trung tam chat lugng Nong lam thiiy san viing (voi vai tro la to chirc cung 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chuan muc qu6c tC^ ISO 7025 thai gian dich vu chi phi ) Vai tro quan ly ciia nha nuac dual phuong thirc ban hanh ca ch^ quan ly tao tac dgng true ticp va ca ban dc^n van hiinh cua cac to chirc cung ung dich NU kiem nghiem theo huong chdt lucmg va hieu qua hon so voi nha nuac true tiep cung ung djch NU Them nira cac co che cho phep bo sung ngudn luc ngoai khu x uc cong de cung cap djch vu theo nhu cau xa hgi KCn luan tao them co so kiC-m chimg giai phap dugc xac dinh co so ly thuyet v6 xa hoi hoa dich vucong mo hinh nghien ciru la chuyen doi mo hinh ho,t dgng cac co so cong lap sang ca chJ tu chu cung ung dich N u nham ndng cao hieu qua va chat lugng dich vu 25 5.3 Tinh huong nghien cihi Tap doan Intertek Testing Services co try so chinh tai Anh Voi van phong dai dien va phong thi nghiem dugc dat tai 117 quoc gia tren th^ gioi cung cdp cac dich w v^ giam djnh kiem nghiem chimg nhan ITnh vuc cong nghiep, ddu mo thuc phdm va hang tieu dung.' Cong ty giam dinh Intertek Viet Nam la cong ty 100% v6n nuoc ngoai thuoc tap doan Intertek, dugc lap tir nam 1998 ban dau chu ylu hoat dgng nhu mgt dai ly ciia cong ty cac ITnh vuc: dich vu giam dinh dich vu danh gia va chimg nhan he thong vi quan ly Ngay sau nha nuac mo rgng co che xa hgi hoa dich vu kilm nghiem an toan thuc phdm (Nghi dinh 79/2008/ND-CP) Cong ty da mo rgng pham vi hoat dgng sang ITnh vvc va hi?n CO cac van phong phong kiem nghiem tai Ha Noi Hai Phong Thanh ph6 Ho Chi Minh va Cdn Tho hoat dgng cung cap cac dich vu phan tich kiem nghiem cac ITnh vuc: thuc phdm ddu nganh det hang tieu diing cong nghe ddy chuyen san xudt Nam bat co hgi kinh doanh tir khu vuc dong bang song Ciru Long cung la viing san xudt nong nghiep thuy san hang hoa Ian nhdt Viet Nam hang nam san xuat khoang 50% san lugng lua 52% san lugng thuy san, dong gop khoang 90% lugng gao xudt khdu vd khoang 60% kim ngach xuat khau thuy san ciia ca nuoc Cong ty Intertek lap Chi nhanh hoat dgng dich vu kiem nghiem tai Can Tho tir nam 2008 chi sau thang ke tir Chinh phu ban hanh Nghi dinh 79/2008/ND-CP va 15 ke tir Bg Nong nghiep vd Phat trien nong thon ban hanh Quyk dinh so 116/2008/OD-BNN 3/12/2008 ban hanh Quy che danh gia, chi dinh phong kiem nghiem chat lucmg, an toan thuc pham nong 1dm thuy san Chgn dia diem kinh doanh tai Cdn Ihcr, mot nhirng phc') irung tam ciia Dong bdng song ciru Long nc^i tap trung nuc')i trcing \a danh bat thuy san km nhat nuck co nhu cdu rat km vc^ dich vu kiem nghiem nhicMi phai canh tranh vcVi Trung tdm viing la don vi vdn giiJr vj the dgc quyin tai khu vuc va da co nhieu kinh nghiem khach hang on dinh cimg ITnh vuc Vcri tht phcmg thi nghiem tu nhdn dgc lap co nang lire cung cdp cac dich vu vC- kiem nghiem xet nghiem thuc phdm va hang tieu diing Thang 5/^009 INTERTEK Cdn Tha dang ky danh gia chi dinh phcmg kiem nghiem chdt lucmg an toan^lurc phd ncMig lam thu> san theo Quyk dinh 116/2008/QD-BNN Sau nhanh chong khac phuc cac sai Ic^i phat hien qua trinh danh gia Phong kiem nghiem INTER IL K Cdn Tho da ducrc Bo NN&PTNT chi dinh tir 9/2009 s&i 59 chi tieu INTERTEK Cdn Tho co chinh sach kha linh hoat cung img dich vu nhu: lap mi^t to rieng de tiCp nhan tu xdn mgi hoat dgng lien quan den dich vuUem nghiem Phong kumi S i ^ ' ^ c h u c nl^n mdu va thuc hien hoat dcSng kiem nghiem den h to,, lam viec thu bay chu nhat dc co ket qua ^^"^"t*! ^ nhanh qua email a.x C o > ^ ^ ' ^ l ^ ^ , ur S;^- ^-^ ^ , , l^hach hang To chuc tiep can „ , h doanh thuc pham nimg lam san va thcmg ^ n ; h ; : : S n : : i ; ^ ^ S i e u vl nang k m ngh,m va chdt lugng d,ch v 26 Vdi dan vj kiem nghiem lu nhdn nhu Intertek chung toi co the gui mdu nhdn kef qua ca ngdy thir Chu nhat de kip quyet dinh xudt hang hoac dang ky lich tdu.Chinh sdch ho tra khdch hdng nhu co xe di thu mdu trd ket qua kiem nghiem nhanh cQng fgo dieu kien thuan lc ban hanh mgt each phu hgp da tao di5u kien dC- khu vuc tu ddu tu cung irng dich vu kiem nghiem theo hucmg chat lugng va hieu qua hem so vri nu6^^ tiOp cung ^ng dich W\ Ket luan kiem chung mgt cac giai phap Tuo I h tr mg CO so ly thuyCn vfi quan ly cong la cac dich vy cong mo rgng co the xa hg o ' d khu u u cung tham gia cung ui.g nha nuoc chi phoi bang cac cong cu phap ly qui h ky t u ^ d a dam bao viec cung img dich vu co chat lugng va dam bao cong bang m 4«»*^ _ '^ Xem them so s^nh v^ cdc lieu chi CM th^ t,i myc 6.4 M 27 5.4 M9t so 6&nh gii tir cic tinh huong nghien cihi So sanh mpt so chi tieu ve dau tu va cung ung dich vu kiem nghiem giua mo hinh nha nuoc quan ly va mo hinh tu nhan cho thay: 5.4.1 Ve hi^u qua dau tir: Hinh 5.2: So sanh hieu qud von dau tu tren so chi tieu co the kiem nghiem SO SANH HIEU QUA V6N DAU T\J 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 Ndm Ty I^ SO mau kiem nghiem tren I trieu VND von dau tu ciia mo hinh cho thay mSc du CO su thuan loi hon ve vi the va co hpi nhung mo hinh dau tu ciia tu nhan van phat huy hi(;u qua hom mo hinh tu nhan chi voi chi phi dau tutu90-150 triea chi tieu kiem nghiem so voi trung binh 220 - 250 tri^u VND/chi tieu ciia mo hinh nha nuoc dau tu Nhu vay dau tu cung ung dich vu kiem nghiem ciia mo hinh tu nhan co hieu qua hom tu 150-180%, hay noi each khac, dau tu ciia nha nuac thuong co tinh trang lang phi hodc co nhieu cac khoan chi gian tiep khong phuc vy cho cung ung djch vy 5.4.2 Ve hif u qua sir dyng nguon nhan lye: Hinh 5.3: So sanh hieu qui su dung nguon nhan luc tren so mau kiem nghi^m/n5m SO SANH Hieu QUA sir DMNG NHAN LI/C 3,000 2.500 I 2.000 TTVe 1.800 1.000 • — tvc tttMltH i IMIp lift binh nhi n\m cung unf phi rtHi t f HtB i l Iwng mfc W « • # * » \i -tf 9* dic^ ut vkk mite nang su^t lao dpng cao va tac dpng cua co ch^ sir dung nhan su co dong luc, bo may van hanh gpn nhe va hieu qua hon & • > > ^i ndnn K^t qua trdi nguprc vai kk qua di^u tra ciia NAFIQAD cho Xhiy trinh nhan su a khu vuc cong cao hon a khu vyc tu Co the nhan dmh giai doan nha nuac true ti^p cung un dich vu, nguyen nhan chinh dan den nang suat lao dpng th4p duong nhu la cac nhan su thieu dpng luc^lam viec co che tra luong cung nhac, co hpi nang cao tnnh va thang tien han ch^ CO che quan Iy nhan su Sau ap dung co chd tu chu, cac y4u t6 tren duac cai thien la dong lye de nang cao nang suat lao dpng, nhien van thieu tinh linh hoat so voi khu vuc tu 5.4.3 Ve toe d? ph^t trien nSng luc kiem nghi?m: Hinh 5.4: So sanh toe phat trien nSng luc kiem nghiem T6C DO PHAT TRI^N NANG LI/C KI^M NGHI$M 250 00 T7V6 Intertek 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 NAm Toe dp phat trien nSng luc kiem nghiem bieu hien qua dau tu iSng so mau co the kiem nghiem qua cac nam Theo bieu ben cho thay, mo hinh nha nuoc dau tu co toe dp tSng deu va cham qua cac nSm, binh quan moi nSm ting khoang 10 chi tieu Nguyen nhan chinh la nguon lyc dau tu hang nam thap ngan sach han hep, mat khac dau tu thuong lang phi hon Trong md hinh tu nhan, co ngudn lire t6t nen toe dp ddu tu rat nhanh, trung binh hang nSm tang tu 50-60 chi tieu Day la yeu to can de tan dung dap ung kip thoi nhu cau kiem nghiem ciia xS hpi kiy bfe hanh xa hpi hoa 9L44» Ve toe dQ nang cao chat lugmg djch vy kiem nghiem: Hinh ^ : So sinh toe dp nang cao chat lugrng d|ch vy kiem nghiem T6C DO N ANO CAO CHAT LirgrNO DfCH vv nm mằ3CôatằôMO2?0ằ2OO42a062OằW 2009 A / ' * ã> I Toe dp nang cao chat lugng dich vu kiem nghiem bieu hien qua ty le so chi tieu dat chuan quoc te ISO 17025 tren tong so chi tieu co the kiem tra qua cac nam Theo bieu ben cho thay, mo hinh nha nuac dau tu khong dau tu nang cao chat luong dich vu giai doan nha nuoc true tiep cung ung dich vu va chi bat dau dau tu cho chat luprng CO co che tu chii ve hoat dpng va tai chinh va tang manh irong giai doan dupe tu chu v^ thuc hien nhiem vu Khi xuat hien yeu to canh tranh tu mo hinh tu nhan chat luong dich vu di xu6ng bien dp thap va tri muc 50% so chi tieu mo hinh tu nhan co nguon luc tot nen t6c dp dau tu ve chat luong tang manh ciing toe dp dau tu chung va giam xuong can bang va nhinh hon so voi mo hinh ciia nha nuoc Dieu cho thay canh tranh co tac dung tot de cac mo hinh nang cao chat lugng dich vu, nhien cung la yeu to chua tich cue neu xet o khia canh "nhin ma ti^n" tuc la khong dau tu qua cao ve chat lugng so voi doi thu canh tranh de giam d4u tu Khia canh doi hoi vai tro cua nha nuoc ve quan ly chat lugng dich vu 30 KET LUAN 6.1 Vl xa h9i hoa djch vu kilm nghiem an toan thyc phSm va vai tro cua nha nu-«yc ^' , ^ P j , ^ ^ ^ " ^ '^^ h^' f " ^^' '^^^ ^hu hoa va hoi nhap qu6c t^ vira la nguven nhan %-ua la dong luc thuc day qua tnnh cai each mo hinh hoat dpng cua Chinh phu cai each cung ung dich vu cong noi chung va dich vu kiem nghiem an toan thuc pham noi rieng ' Cac ket qua nghien cuu v^ quan ly cung ung djch vu ki^m nghiem an toan thuc pham a Viet Nam, ket qua dieu tra cac ca so kiem nghiem an toan thuc ph^m tren pham vi toan qu6c va phan tich cac tinh huong nghien cuu cho phep nhom nghien cuu k^t luan mot so diem sau: 6.1.1 Ve quan diem doi voi xa hoi hoa dich vu kilm nghiem an toan thirc pham Djch vu kiem nghiem an toan thuc pham thuoc nhom cac djch vu cong ma rong theo quan diem ciia Ngan hang the giai'^ Do dich vu thuoc d6i tugng dich vu can xa hpi hoa (theo nhom quan diem thir hai'*^) de cac phin xa hpi dac biet la khu vuc tu dau tu cung ung cung vai cac to chuc cong theo ca che thi truang canh tranh binh dang, nang cao ch^t lugng dich vu Tuy nhien doi voi mot so phan nhom dich vu kiem nghiem nhu kiem nghiem kiem chung, trpng tai, dap ung nhu cau kiem nghiem co van de khung hoang ve an toan thuc pham, khu vuc dja ly khong thuan Igi (khu vuc tu khong san sang dau tu) nha nuoc van phai chju trach nhiem cung ung (mot khia canh cua nhom quan diem thii nhat)'' theo nguyen ly nhd nude phai chiu trach nhiem cao nhdt vd cung Id frdch nhiem cuoi cimg ddi vdi viec cung irng ddy du ve so luang, chdt luang, cd hieu qua dich vu cdng nhung dong thoi nhd nude khong phai Id tac nhdn nhdt cung irng djch vu cdng 6.1.2 Ve vai tro cua nha nuoc doi voi xa hoi hoa kicm nghiem an toan thuc pham Vai tro ciia nha nuoc da thay d6i qua trinh xa hpi hoa viec cung Omg djch vu kiem nghiem an toan thuc pham theo giai doan: giai doan true tiep cung ung (1) giai doan chuyen tiep xa hpi hoa voi sir tach bach mot buoc co quan quan ly nha nude va don vi sir nghiep cung ung dich vu (2) va giai doan xa hoi hoa dich vu (3) phii hgp voi mo hinh nghien cuu ve xa hpi hoa djch vu cong Viet Nanr So voi mo hinh quan ly cong qua trinh xa hpi hoa dich \ u cong o Viet Nam^than trpng hem, voi ti^n dp cham hem sir t6n tai lau dai va sau rong cua co che tap trung bao cap Can hd sung cho mo hinh xa hoi hoa djch vu cong \k kiem nghiem thirc pham a giai doan hien mot s6 vai tro cua nha nuoc nhAm khac phuc mot so thieu khuyet cua mo hinh nghien ciru, cu the la: - ThiOu tinh chiOn luac qui hoach mot each dcn khich \c ihuc dat dai \6n \a\ (5> Co che tv chu lychiu irach nhicni (4) C Tao moi tiucmg c^nh iranh hmh d ^ g (6) J Cung img dich \u ^viikmwtm^i^^fwn^lf^ VM aJUi r» n ^^^^nm Theo di, v«i t*6 cii ^ J ^ y- imsc flu ^^R ^ ^ V ^^^ XTV 1(11, hf (Mill ly ^ ^'*l (10) ^"1.1 'HT xiy 5,1ai'S:rJS^^ jjjj; ^ jiAcmut CO sc danh gia cung • c ju xa hoi irong t(mg giai doan VU ^ ^ -^ ' ^ - ^'^" kien can de dam bao chat lirong dich >en cac ca sa na> sang mo hmh doanh nghiep cung ting dich vu tuc hanh chmh va cai thien ung xu cua cac to chuc, ca nhan co trach nhiem (15)^^ Xay dung he th6ng tieu chi he th6ng giam sat, danh gia ch^t luu kien phan h6i v^ chit lugng, su can doi cung ung djch vu de nha nuoc dieu chinh cac chinh sach 6.1.3 Ve tiem nang \a hoi hoa kitm nghiem an toan (hue pham Cac phong kiem nghiem khu vuc tu (Nhom D) va khu vuc cong (Nhom C) co quv6n tir chu cao deu co kha nang nhu dam bao s6 luong va chit luong dich vu Tuv nhien neu xet ve hieu qua thi khu vuc tu hoat dpng co hieu qua hon Xet dac diem ve su chi phoi cua nha nuoc uu nhupc di^m cua cac nhom phong kiem nghiem, qua trinh xa hpi hoa nen tap trung phat trien cac phong ki(}m nghiem nhom D bang cac co che khuyen khich va moi trucmg canh tranh binh dang D6i voi phong ki^m nghiem nhom C khong ticp tuc phat trien v;e so lupiig ma tap irung nang cao nang luc va chit lucmg Tiep tuc tao co so phap ly va co che" de chuyen dc)i moi s6 phong kiem nghiem co nang luc cua nhcmi B sang hoat dc)ng theo co che ciia nhc'mi D 6.2 Han che va de xuat huong nghien ciiu tiep theo Nghien cuu gap han che ve pham vi trien khai (chi nghien cuu mot s6 mo hinh) chua thuc hien danh gia'chat lutmg dich \u ciia cac khach hang da \a dang su dung djch vy mot so chi tieu so sanh khac cua cac tinh huong nghien cuu (ve thoi gian kiem nghiem phong c^ch phuc vu, nang lire canh tranh va tiem nang phat trien) so be) cho thay mo hinh tu nhan cung img djch vu ecS loi the tot hem luy nhien han che ve th6i gian va dieu kien tiep can du lieu nen nhcmi nghien cuu chua thu thap dupe day du sc^ lieu ve cac chi tieu Nghien cim ticp theo nen tang so Iirpfng tinh hucmg nghien cuu \a mo rpng pham vi dieu Ira d6i vcri cac mo hinh phi Ipi nhuan va hc^p tac cong lu (1*JM*) uong cung ung djch \u de ket :^ua mang tinh khai quat hem Nen quan lani den \a\ dimg mc') hinh danh gia bo chi lieu danh ^ia \ a khao sat v^ chit lucrng dich \ u cua dc)i lucmg khach hang de co danh gia long quan k m ve inh hieu qua ciia cac mo hinh cung ung dich vu xa hpi hoa khac ^ PhM iri^n ca che cua Nghi ^jnh s6 IS/ZOO.VND-CP \ c co ch^ (^ chu, l^ dim irach nhi^m cua lo chuc khoa h^c 'A cong nghv c6ng l^p 33 7.1 TAI L l f U THAiM KHAO Tai lieu nirdc ngoai: [1] [2] [3] Boston Jonathan va cong su (1996), Quan ly cong cong: Mo hinh New Zealand; New York N.Y: Oxford University Press; [4] Boyle R (1995), Huang tai mgt dich vu cong mdi; Dublin Institution of Public Admmistration; [5] Hood C (1995) Quan ly cong duang dai: Mot hinh mau toan cau mai"^; Public Policy and Administration (10) tr 104-117; Humphreys, P (1998) Cai tiln viec cung ung dich vu cong; Discussion Paper Dublin, Institution of Public Administration; Kessler Tim (2003) Danh gia rui ro ciia viec tu nhan cung ung cac dich vu ca ban; Discussion Paper for G-24 Technical Group; (ieneva Swit/eland; Osborne David va Gaebler, led, Reinventing Government Tai sang tao Chinh phu, 1993 Pollit C (1993), Chii nghTa quan ly va djch \u cong; Second edition Oxford: Blackwell; [6] [7] [8] [9] [lOJ [1 Ij [12] [13] 7.2 ADB (2003) Phuc vu va tri: Cai thien hanh chinh cong mot thi giai canh tranh (sach d.ch): NXB Chinh tri qu6c gia Ha Npi; ^ ^ • ^ • Anttonen A (1996), Dich vu cong a Chau Au: Lieu co the xac dinh cac mo hmh?; Journal of European Social Policy (6), Longman; Pollit C va Bouchaert, G (1995), Cai thien chat lugng dich vu cong a Chau Au; London Sage Publications; Sliglilz Joseph E Kinh te hoc vc khu \uc cong An ban Ian (New York: W.W Norton & Co 1988) Ngan hang the giai Nha nuac mot the giai dang chuyen doi Ngan hang the gioi (1997) Nha xuat ban chinh tri quoc gia, 1998 Ngan hang the giai Bao cao phat tridn Viet Nam 2005: Quan ly va dieu hanh Tai lieu nu-oc: [14] [15] [16] [17] [18] [ 19] [20] Dinh Van An, Hoang Thu Hoa d6ng chii bien Danh gia D6i mai cung ung dich vu cong a Vie* Nam, CIEM DANIDA va NXB Thdng Ke 2006 Nguyen Ngpc Hit^n (2002) Vai tro ciia Nha nuac cung rnig dich vu cong Nhan thirc thirc trang va giai phap Nxb Chinh tri Quoc gia Le Chi Mai (2002): ChuySn giao dich vu cong cho cac ca so ngoai Nha nuac - Van dk va giai phap, Nxb Chinh tri Quoc gia; Lc Chi Mai, Cai each djch vu cong a Viet Nam Hoc vien Chinh tri quoc gia 2003 Vo Kim San (2002): Djch vu cong va mpt vai each tiep can Nxb Chinh tri Quoc gia Ha Npi; Chu Van Thanh, Dich vu cong, doi mai quan Iy va t6 chuc cung img a Viet Nam hien nay, Nha xuat ban Chinh tri quoc gia 2007 Vu Huy Tir (chu bien), Le Chi Mai Vo Kim San (1998): Quan ly khu vuc cong Nxb Khoa hoc va ky thuat 34 8- PHV LVC 8.1' PHU LVC I: Dinh huong phong van sau 8.LL Cac nha hoach djnh chinh sach 1) Quan dilm v^ xa hpi hoa dich vu kiem nghiem an toan ihuc phim 2) Vai tro cua nha nuac d6i vai xa hpi hoa djch vu kiem nghiem an toan thuc ph4m 3) Van de qui hoach cung ling djch vu 4) Quan ly chat lupmg dSu vao/d4u dich vu ki^m nghiem an toan thuc phAm 5) Danh gia chung v^ thuan lai, uu diem, kho khan, thach thuc v^ xa hoi hoa kiem nghiem an toan thuc pham a Viet Nam 6) Giai phap de xa hpi hoa mang lai hieu qua cao 8.L2 Lanh dao ca %& cung irng dich vu ki^m nghiem an toan thuc pham 1) Quan diem ve xa hpi hoa dich vu kiem nghiem an toan thuc phim 2) Chinh sach ciia nha nuac tac dpng nhu the nao ddi voi xa hpi hoa dich \ u kiem nghiem an toan thuc pham 3) Quan ly chat lucrng dau vao/dau dich vu kiem nghiem an toan ihuc pham 4) Danh gia ve thuan lai, uu diem, kho khan, thach thuc ve xa hpi hoa k\cw nghiem va Moi truang canh tranh cung img dich vu kicm nghiem an toan thuc pham 5) Cac giai phap nang cao chat lupiig djch vu 6) Dd xuk giai phap (chinh sach phap luat) tao dieu kien cho xa hpi 8.L3 Khach hang sii dung djch vu kiem nghiem an toan thuc pham 1) Muc dp thirang xuyen (tan suit) su dung dich vu kiSm nghiem an toan thuc pham 2) Cac loai hinh djch vu (nha nuac, tu nhan) da su dung Tin suit Danh gia ve chat luang phuc vu cua cac loai hinh ca sa djch vu 3) Danh gia \k chit lumig kiem nghiem an toan thirc pham cua cac loai hinh cung ling dich vu nha nuac va ngoai nha nuac 4) Cac uu, nhupc dicMii cua ca so djch vu nha nuac va tu nhan 5) Lira chpn loai hinh djch vu ki^m nghiem an loan thuc pham tuomg lai 35 PHV LVC IL Danh sach nhirng ngiroi dirac phong vin 8-2.L Cac nha hoach djnh chinh sach '' m ' L T l ' : ^ ' ~ ^ ' " " " ' ' ' " ' " ^ "^^•^'^ ^' ''^^ ^"^" "^"g ^h^n- so Ngpc ^^ Q l ^ ^ h S I5^g ^ ^ : : ^ 'y - - - ^ - - ngh, V M t n r , ' ^^^:5:^San^: si^ Nr'''' '^- ^- ^^^ - ^^" ^^ -> '^ ^hlv^^fn'rTv vi^ " ^ t r ' - ^ S " ^ ^ " ^ , V - - ^ Cue Quan ly Ch^t luc^g Nong Lam san va v L v f o i V h ' M ^ • ^ r ' r ? - " " ""^^^ ' ^ ^'^^ ^^"^ (VINAFISH) Giam d6c Trung tam Tu van va Dich vu Nong lam Thuy san (FICEN), 12 Nguyin Cong Hoan Ba Dinh, Ha Npi 8.2.2 Lanh dao ca so cung ling djch vu ki^m nghifm an toan thirc pham 1) Ong Nguyin Chinh, Giam d6c Trung tam Ch5t lucmg Nong Lam san va Thuv san viing 386 Cach Mang Thang Q.Binh Thuy Can Tha; 2) Ong Le Due Cuang, Truang phong HCTH Trung tam Ch^t lucmg Nong Lam san va Thuv san vung 386 Cach Mang hang 8, Q.Binh Thuy Cin I'ha; 3) Ong Ha Ngpc Long, Tong Giam ddc Intertek Viet Nam Quan I Tp 116 Chi Minh 8.2.3 Khach hang sii- dung djch vu kicm nghiem an toan thuc pham 1) Ong Nguyen Hiru Dung Pho Chu tich Hiep hpi Chi biln va XuSt khSu thiiy san Viet Nam (VASEP) 12 Nguyen Cong Hoan Ba Dinh Ha Npi 2) Ong Nguyen Hoai Nam, Pho Tong Thu ky Hiep hpi Che bien va Xuat khau thiiy san Viet Nam (VASEP), 12 Nguyen Cong Hoan Ba Dinh, Ha Npi 3) Mpt so dai dien cac doanh nghiep su dung dich vu kiem nghiem thuc pham (De nghi khong dan ten) 36 HV LUC III: Danh muc mot s6 chinh sach v | xa hoi hoa djch vu cong - ^'8*^'quy^tsd 90/CP 21 thang nam 1997 cua rhinv, u • u truong xa hpi hoa cac hoat dpng giao due, y tl, v L ho, " "" ' Nghi dinh s6 73/1999/ND-rP noav io tu^ ' '' o - khuyjn-khich xa hoi u Z ^ J ^ l Zl^TL\Z thao- ' •^ 'T "" ^ " ^ '"" ^' '^"^ '''^ ^ ^'"^ ^^'^ g'^o due, y te, van hoa the Nghi quylts6 05/2005/NQ-CP 18/04/2005 ciia Chinh nK,- - ^u -w u •• cac hoat dpng giao due, y tl, van hoa va'the due thi thao ' " ' " " ' " ' " '"' ' " ' " Nghi quylt s6 18/2008/QH12 cua Qu6c hpi vl viec ddy manh thuc hien chinh sach phap luat xa hpi hoa de nang cao chat lupmg cham soc sire khoe nhan dan; Nghi djnh s6 53/2006/ND-CP 25/5/2006 ciia Chinh phu vl chinh sach khuvin khich phat trien cac ca sa cung irng dich vu ngoai cong lap; Nghi dinh s6 79/2008/ND-CP 18 thang nam 2008 cua Chinh phu Qui dinh he thc^ng to chirc quan ly tra va kiem nghiem vl ve sinh ATTP; Nghi dinh s6 10/2002/ND-CP 16 thang 01 nam 2002 cua Chinh phu vl chi tai chinh ap dung cho dan vj su nghiep co thu Nghi dinh s6 43/2006/ND-CP 25/04/2006 ciia Chinh phu quy dinh quyin tu chu tu chiu trach nhiem ve thirc hien nhiem vu, to chirc bp may bien chi va tai chinh dcii vcVi dcm \ i su nghiep cong lap 8.4 PHU LUC IV: Danh muc mgt so chinh sach ve quan ly an toan thuc pham - Nghi quy^t s6 34/209/NQ-QH12 19 thang nam 2009 cua Qu6c hpi khoa XII vl viec day manh thuc hien chinh sach phap luat ve quan ly chat luong ve sinh an loan thuc pham: - Luat Chat lucrng, san pham hang hoa s6 05/2007/QH 12 21/11/2007 - Luat An toan thuc phdm s6 55/2010/QH12 17/6/2010 - Nghi dinh 79/2008/ND-CP 18/7/2008 vl he th6ng quan ly nha nuac tra kicm nghiem ve an toan thuc pham; - Quylt dinh sc^ 116/2008/QD-BNN 03/12/2008 ciia Bp NN&PTNT ban hanh Qui che danh gia chi dinh phong kiem nghiem chat lupaig nong lam thu\ san; - Quylt dinh s6 115/2008/QD-BNN 03/12/2008 ciia Bp NN&PTNT Qui dinh tam thai vl yeu cdu doi vcVi phong kiem nghicMii chat lucmg nong lam thiiy san ; - Tieu chuAn ISO/IEC 17025 - Yeu cdu chung vl nang lire d6i vcVi phong kiem nghiem 37 8.5 PHV LVC V : S l i ^ u v l nang |.ckil.„„ghie iem cua cac tinh huong nghien cihi Bang 8.1: Kit qua phat tri^n Nam Chi phi dau tu nang luc kiem nghiem cua Trung tam vung - Can Tha So lugng nhan So mau KN Jyle mau/nhan mau/von Tyle_ (lay ke) So S6 ' Chi phi chi dau tu/s6 chi tieu tieu chi tieu dat CO CO the ISO the KN 17025 KN So chi tieu dat ISO i 7025 /tong chi tieu Thai gian tra kit qua 1999 2,625 22 8,785 399 3.35 13 / 201.923 10 2000 3,354 22 9,373 426 2.79 14 / 239.571 10 2001 4,472 25 11,340 454 2.54 27 / 165.630 10 i 2002 6,908 29 17,997 621 2.61 31 / 222.839 2003 7,655 32 27,284 853 3.56 42 10 182.262 24% 2004 15,182 46 38,557 838 2.54 50 19 303.640 38% 2005 16,055 51 62,600 1,227 3.90 61 31 263.197 51% 2006 16,654 59 77,308 1.310 4.64 72 34 231.306 47% 2007 17,682 65 121,182 1,864 6.85 89 48 198.674 54% 2008 30,117 81 142,878 1,764 4.74 107 53 281.467 50% 2009 32,357 91 107,501 1,181 3.32 147 67 220.116 46% 2010 34,859 102 128.199 1,257 3.68 161 81 216.516 50% Bang 8.2: K^t qua phat trien nang lire kiem nghiem cua INTF.RTEK Can Tha Nam Dau tir luy tien (ty dong) So nhan sir So mau KN Ty le mau/ nhan su ly le mau/ \6n dau tu So chi tieu CO the KN So chi tieu/nhom chi tieu dat ISO 17025 Dau tu so chi tieu CO the KN So chi tieu dat ISO 17025 ' tong chi tieu hai gian tra ket qua kiem 2007 12000 15 2400 160.00 0.20 33 363.64 12% 2008 16000 2! 47000 2238.10 2.94 102 85 156.86 83°'o > 20000 3! 74300 2396.77 3.72 20! 120 99.50 60°/o A 2009 2010 22000 35 72978 2085.09 3,32 229 126 96.0"^ 55°o > 38 •i ... was moved from direct provision to management of the testing service provision Administratizing the provision of testing service and the monopoly mechanism of the t service provision hindered production... one of few primary studies in the field of socialization of food safety testing service It has strengthened the theoretical basis of public management and specifically, of the changing role of the. .. SOCIALIZATION OF FS TESTING PROVISION 16 4.4 CHANGE OF THE S T A T E '' S ROLE IN PROVIDING FS TESTING SERVICE 18 FINDINGS FROM SURVEY AND CASE STUDIES 5.1 FINDINGS FROM SURVEY OF I HE TESTING SYSTEM