OCP: Oracle8i DBA Performance Tuning and Network Administration Study Guide Copyright ©2000 SYBEX , Inc., Alameda, CA www.sybex.com San Francisco • Paris • Düsseldorf • Soest • London OCP: Oracle8i™ DBA Performance Tuning and Network Administration Study Guide Joseph C. Johnson Matthew Weishan Copyright ©2000 SYBEX , Inc., Alameda, CA www.sybex.com Associate Publisher: Richard Mills Contracts and Licensing Manager: Kristine O’Callaghan Acquisitions & Developmental Editor: Kim Goodfriend Editor: Malka Geffen Production Editor: Jennifer Campbell Technical Editors: Ganesh Raghavan, Ashok Hanumanth Book Designer: Bill Gibson Graphic Illustrator: Tony Jonick Electronic Publishing Specialist: Susie Hendrickson Proofreaders: Andrea Fox, Camera Obscura, Laurie O’Connell, Nancy Riddiough, Nathan Whiteside Indexer: Nancy Guenther CD Coordinator: Kara Eve Schwartz CD Technician: Keith McNeil Cover Designer: Archer Design Cover Illustrator/Photographer: Photo Researchers Copyright © 2000 SYBEX Inc., 1151 Marina Village Parkway, Alameda, CA 94501. World rights reserved. No part of this publication may be stored in a retrieval system, transmitted, or reproduced in any way, including but not limited to photocopy, photograph, magnetic, or other record, without the prior agreement and written permission of the publisher. Library of Congress Card Number: 00-106114 ISBN: 0-7821-2684-7 SYBEX and the SYBEX logo are trademarks of SYBEX Inc. in the USA and other countries. Screen reproductions produced with FullShot 99. FullShot 99 © 1991–1999 Inbit Incorporated. All rights reserved. FullShot is a trademark of Inbit Incorporated. SYBEX is an independent entity from Oracle Corporation and is not affiliated with Oracle Corporation in any manner. This publication may be used in assisting students to prepare for an Oracle Certified Professional exam. Neither Oracle Corporation nor SYBEX warrants that use of this publication will ensure passing the relevant exam. Oracle is either a registered trademark or a trademark of Oracle Corporation in the United States and/or other countries. TRADEMARKS: SYBEX has attempted throughout this book to distinguish proprietary trademarks from descriptive terms by following the capitalization style used by the manufacturer. The author and publisher have made their best efforts to prepare this book, and the content is based upon final release software whenever possible. Portions of the manuscript may be based upon pre-release versions supplied by software manufacturer(s). The author and the publisher make no representation or warranties of any kind with regard to the completeness or accuracy of the contents herein and accept no liability of any kind including but not limited to performance, merchantability, fitness for any particular purpose, or any losses or damages of any kind caused or alleged to be caused directly or indirectly from this book. Manufactured in the United States of America 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 Copyright ©2000 SYBEX , Inc., Alameda, CA www.sybex.com Software License Agreement: Terms and Conditions The media and/or any online materials accompanying this book that are available now or in the future contain programs and/or text files (the "Software") to be used in connection with the book. SYBEX hereby grants to you a license to use the Software, subject to the terms that follow. Your purchase, acceptance, or use of the Software will constitute your acceptance of such terms. The Software compilation is the property of SYBEX unless otherwise indicated and is protected by copyright to SYBEX or other copyright owner(s) as indicated in the media files (the "Owner(s)"). You are hereby granted a single-user license to use the Software for your personal, noncommercial use only. You may not reproduce, sell, distribute, publish, circulate, or commercially exploit the Software, or any portion thereof, without the written consent of SYBEX and the specific copyright owner(s) of any component software included on this media. In the event that the Software or components include specific license requirements or end-user agreements, statements of condition, disclaimers, limitations or warranties ("End-User License"), those End-User Licenses supersede the terms and conditions herein as to that particular Software component. Your purchase, acceptance, or use of the Software will consti- tute your acceptance of such End-User Licenses. By purchase, use or acceptance of the Software you further agree to comply with all export laws and regulations of the United States as such laws and regulations may exist from time to time. Reusable Code in This Book The authors created reusable code in this publication expressly for reuse for readers. Sybex grants readers permission to reuse for any purpose the code found in this publication or its accompany- ing CD-ROM so long as all three authors are attributed in any application containing the reusable code, and the code itself is never sold or commercially exploited as a stand-alone product. Software Support Components of the supplemental Software and any offers associ- ated with them may be supported by the specific Owner(s) of that material but they are not supported by SYBEX. Information regarding any available support may be obtained from the Owner(s) using the information provided in the appropriate read.me files or listed elsewhere on the media. Should the manufacturer(s) or other Owner(s) cease to offer sup- port or decline to honor any offer, SYBEX bears no responsibil- ity. This notice concerning support for the Software is provided for your information only. SYBEX is not the agent or principal of the Owner(s), and SYBEX is in no way responsible for providing any support for the Software, nor is it liable or responsible for any support provided, or not provided, by the Owner(s). Warranty SYBEX warrants the enclosed media to be free of physical defects for a period of ninety (90) days after purchase. The Software is not available from SYBEX in any other form or media than that enclosed herein or posted to www.sybex.com . If you discover a defect in the media during this warranty period, you may obtain a replacement of identical format at no charge by sending the defective media, postage prepaid, with proof of purchase to: SYBEX Inc. Customer Service Department 1151 Marina Village Parkway Alameda, CA 94501 (510) 523-8233 Fax: (510) 523-2373 e-mail: info@sybex.com WEB: HTTP://WWW.SYBEX.COM After the 90-day period, you can obtain replacement media of identical format by sending us the defective disk, proof of purchase, and a check or money order for $10, payable to SYBEX. Disclaimer SYBEX makes no warranty or representation, either expressed or implied, with respect to the Software or its contents, quality, per- formance, merchantability, or fitness for a particular purpose. In no event will SYBEX, its distributors, or dealers be liable to you or any other party for direct, indirect, special, incidental, conse- quential, or other damages arising out of the use of or inability to use the Software or its contents even if advised of the possibility of such damage. In the event that the Software includes an online update feature, SYBEX further disclaims any obligation to pro- vide this feature for any specific duration other than the initial posting. The exclusion of implied warranties is not permitted by some states. Therefore, the above exclusion may not apply to you. This warranty provides you with specific legal rights; there may be other rights that you may have that vary from state to state. The pricing of the book with the Software by SYBEX reflects the allo- cation of risk and limitations on liability contained in this agree- ment of Terms and Conditions. Shareware Distribution This Software may contain various programs that are distrib- uted as shareware. Copyright laws apply to both shareware and ordinary commercial software, and the copyright Owner(s) retains all rights. If you try a shareware program and continue using it, you are expected to register it. Individ- ual programs differ on details of trial periods, registration, and payment. Please observe the requirements stated in appropriate files. Copy Protection The Software in whole or in part may or may not be copy-pro- tected or encrypted. However, in all cases, reselling or redistrib- uting these files without authorization is expressly forbidden except as specifically provided for by the Owner(s) therein. Copyright ©2000 SYBEX , Inc., Alameda, CA www.sybex.com This book is dedicated to my wife Brenda and daughter Emily, without whose support, patience, and understanding, this project would have never been completed. —Joe Johnson This book is dedicated to the four most wonderful people in my life: my wife Karen, and my three daughters Rachel, Laura, and Alyssa. —Matt Weishan Copyright ©2000 SYBEX , Inc., Alameda, CA www.sybex.com Acknowledgments I would like to acknowledge the many people who helped shape the profes- sional experiences that lead to my writing of this book. This includes Rich Vertrees for talking me into applying for my first DBA position in 1994. Also to Tony Gastel, Leslie Girardin, and Audrey Smith for putting in many long hours with me in the early days at Highland Community College. This also includes my friends and mentors at Oracle Education: Terry Wojtkunski, Bruce Ernst, and Jason Schiedemeyer. Included, too, are my Oracle colleagues at Greenbrier & Russel, Inc.: Sandy Carlsson, Christopher Guillaume, Jesus Quinoines, Tammie Guillaume, Mary Lee, Rodney Woodard, John Bradford, Jim Whittle, Betty MacEwen, Bob Bryla, and Terry Anderson. I also wish to acknowledge the clients who have offered me many challenging Oracle experiences over the years, including: Jim Schwarz and Reginald Bron at Marquette University, Barb Cooley at The Falk Corporation, Gary Coyne, Pete Bognar, and Steve Hahn at Johnson Controls, Inc., Bill Ebner and Mike Talbot at B.C. Ziegler and Company, and Dave Hill, Doug VanHorn, and Keith Brockman at University of Wisconsin System Administration. I must also thank my parents, Bob and Chris, for teaching me that hard work and a good sense of humor would take me far in life. Thanks for giving me the tools that have enabled me to become the person I am today. Finally I wish to thank Matt Weishan for being such a great co-author to work with, and the team from Sybex, Inc.: Kim Goodfriend, Malka Geffen, and Jennifer Campbell, who helped make the whole process go smoothly. —Joe Johnson I would like to thank my parents for always being there when I needed them and teaching me that anything is possible if you set your mind to it. I would like to thank Jim Maldonado, who I learned so much from when I was first starting in this business. He served as a mentor to this somewhat green computer programmer and showed me what it takes to be successful in this field. There have been countless others who have influenced me over the years, but I would especially like to thank Roney Pate, Christopher Barwick, Virginia Duris, and my colleagues in education at Greenbrier & Russel, Inc. for their support in this and other endeavors during my career. Finally, I would like to thank Joe Johnson for believing in me and working with me on this very challenging and rewarding project. —Matt Weishan Copyright ©2000 SYBEX , Inc., Alameda, CA www.sybex.com Introduction T here is high demand and competition for professionals in the Information Technology (IT) industry, and the Oracle Certified Profes- sional (OCP) certification is the hottest credential in the database realm. You have made the right decision to pursue certification. Being an OCP will give you a distinct advantage in this highly competitive market. Many readers may already be familiar with Oracle Corporation and its products and services. For those who aren’t familiar with the company, Oracle Corporation, founded in 1977, is the world’s leading database company and second largest independent software company with reve- nues of more than $9.7 billion, serving over 145 countries. Oracle’s CEO, Lawrence J. Ellison, saw the future of information technology in Internet computing, and the Oracle8i database was created to meet the needs of this technological evolution. This book is intended to help you continue on your exciting new path towards obtaining the Oracle8i certified database administrator certification. The book will give you the necessary knowledge of the Oracle Server architec- ture and the hands-on skills you need to pass Exams 1Z0-024 and 1Z0-026. Although the OCP exams for Database Administration can be taken in any order, it is generally recommended that the Oracle8i OCP certification exam for Performance and Tuning and the Oracle8i OCP certification exam for Network Administration be the final exams taken in the series. Why Become an Oracle Certified Professional? T he number one reason to become an Oracle Certified Professional is to gain more visibility and greater access to the industry’s most challenging opportunities. The OCP program is Oracle’s commitment to provide top- quality resources for technical professionals who want to become Oracle specialists in specific job roles. The certification tests are scenario-based, which is the most effective way to access your hands-on expertise and critical problem-solving skills. Copyright ©2000 SYBEX , Inc., Alameda, CA www.sybex.com xxvi Introduction Certification is proof of your knowledge and shows that you have the skills required to support Oracle’s core products according to the standards established by Oracle. The OCP program can help a company identify proven performers who have demonstrated their skills to support the company’s investment in Oracle technology. It demonstrates that you have a solid understanding of your job role and the Oracle products used in that role. So, whether you are beginning a career, changing careers, securing your present position, or seeking to refine and promote your position, this book is for you! Oracle Certifications O racle has several certification tracks designed to meet different skill levels. Each track consists of several tests that can be taken in any order. The following tracks are available: Oracle Database Administrator Oracle Application Developer Oracle Database Operator Oracle Java Developer Oracle Financial Applications Consultant Oracle Database Administrator (DBA) The role of Database Administrator (DBA) has become a key to success in today’s highly complex database systems. The best DBAs work behind the scenes, but are in the spotlight when critical issues arise. They plan, create, and maintain databases to ensure that the databases meet the data management needs of the business. DBAs also monitor the databases for performance issues and work to prevent unscheduled downtime. Being an effective DBA requires broad understanding of the architecture of Oracle database and expertise in solving system-related problems. The Oracle8i certified administrator track consists of the following five tests: 1Z0-001: Introduction to OracleSQL and PL/SQL 1Z0-023: Oracle8iArchitecture and Administration 1Z0-024: Oracle8iPerformance and Tuning 1Z0-025: Oracle8iBackup and Recovery 1Z0-026: Oracle8iNetwork Administration Copyright ©2000 SYBEX , Inc., Alameda, CA www.sybex.com Introduction xxvii Oracle Application Developer This track tests your skills in client-server and Web-based application develop- ment using Oracle application development tools such as Developer/2000, SQL, PL/SQL, and SQL*Plus. The following five tests comprise this track: 1Z0-001: Introduction to OracleSQL and PL/SQL 1Z0-101: Develop PL/SQL Program Units 1Z0-121: Developer/2000 Build Forms I 1Z0-122: Developer/2000 Build Forms II 1Z0-123: Developer/2000 Build Reports Oracle Database Operator (DBO) A Database Operator (DBO) performs simple operational tasks on Oracle data- bases in a support role to the DBA. DBOs need an introductory knowledge of the commands and utilities associated with managing a database. DBOs also install and set up databases, create users, and perform routine backups. You need take the following test to be certified as a Database Operator: 1Z0-401: Database Operator Oracle Java Developer This certification track is part of the Certification Initiative for Enterprise Development, a multi-vendor collaboration with Sun Microsystems, IBM, Novell, and the Sun-Netscape Alliance to establish standards for knowledge and skill levels for enterprise developers in the Java technology. The Initiative recognizes three levels of certification requiring five tests. At each skill level, a certificate is awarded to candidates who successfully pass the required exams in that level. Level 1: Sun Certified Programmer 1Z0-501: Sun Certified Programmer for the Java 2 Platform Level 2: Certified Solution Developer 1Z1-502: Oracle JDeveloper: Develop Database Applications with Java (Oracle JDeveloper, Release 2) or 1Z1-512: Oracle JDeveloper: Develop Database Applications with Java (Oracle JDeveloper, Release 3) Copyright ©2000 SYBEX , Inc., Alameda, CA www.sybex.com xxviii Introduction 1Z0-503: Object Oriented Analysis and Design with UML Level 3: Certified Enterprise Developer 1Z0-504: Enterprise Connectivity with J2EE 1Z0-505: Enterprise Development on the Oracle Internet Platform Oracle Financial Applications Consultant This certification tests your expertise in Oracle Financial applications. These exams are designed to test your knowledge of the business processes incorporated into the Oracle Financial applications software. The following three tests comprise this track, and the third exam offers a specialization in either Procurement or Order Fulfillment: 1Z0-210: Financial Management R11 1Z0-220: Applied Technology R11 1Z0-230: Procurement R11 or 1Z0-240: Order Fulfillment More Information The most current information about Oracle certification can be found at http://education.oracle.com. Follow the Certification Home Page link and choose the track you are interested in. Read the Candidate Guide for the test objectives and test contents, and keep in mind that they can change at any time without notice. OCP: Database Administrator Track T he Oracle8i Database Administrator certification consists of five tests, and Sybex offers several study guides to help you achieve the OCP Database Administrator Certification. There are three books in this series: OCP: Oracle8i™ DBA SQL and PL/SQL Study Guide OCP: Oracle8i™ DBA Architecture & Administration and Backup & Recovery Study Guide Copyright ©2000 SYBEX , Inc., Alameda, CA www.sybex.com [...]... 68% OCP: Oracle8i DBA SQL and PL/SQL Study Guide 1Z0023 Oracle8i: Architecture and Administration 65 38 58% OCP: Oracle8i DBA Architecture & Administration and Backup & Recovery Study Guide 1Z0024 Oracle8i: Performance and Tuning 57 38 67% OCP: Oracle8i DBA Performance Tuning and Network Administration Study Guide 1Z0025 Oracle8i: Backup and Recovery 60 34 57% OCP: Oracle8i DBA Architecture & Administration. .. & Administration and Backup & Recovery Study Guide 1Z0026 Oracle8i: Network Administration 59 41 71% OCP: Oracle8i DBA Performance Tuning and Network Administration Study Guide Copyright ©2000 SYBEX , Inc., Alameda, CA www.sybex.com xxx Introduction Skills Required for DBA Certification Understanding RDBMS concepts Writing queries and manipulating data Creating and managing users and database objects... pass the OCP: Oracle8i Performance and Tuning and OCP: Oracle8i Network Administration exams The first part of the book covers the most critical areas of database performance tuning and how to follow and implement Oracle’s recommended tuning methodology The second part covers the topics of network administration including configuring the necessary client and server components of an Oracle network and helps...Introduction xxix OCP: Oracle8i DBA Performance Tuning and Network Administration Study Guide Additionally, these three books are offered in a boxed set: OCP: Oracle8i DBA Certification Kit The following table shows the number of questions and required passing percentage for each of the five OCP DBA exams Exam# Title Total Questions Questions Passing % Correct Sybex Study Guide 1Z0001 Introduction... the OCP: Oracle8i Performance and Tuning and Net8 Administration exams Copyright ©2000 SYBEX , Inc., Alameda, CA www.sybex.com xxxvi Introduction The flashcards include 150 questions specifically written to hit you hard and make sure you are ready for the exam Between the review questions, practice exam, and flash cards, you’ll be more than prepared for the exam OCP: Oracle8i DBA Performance Tuning and. .. backup and recovery operations Creating and managing Standby database Identifying and tuning database and SQL performance Interpreting data dictionary views and database parameters Configuring Net8 on the server side and client side Using multi-threaded server, connection manager and Oracle Names Understanding of graphical and character mode backup, recovery and administration utilities Tips for Taking... understanding of the Oracle 8i Net8 architecture Part One: OCP: Oracle8i Performance Tuning Chapter 1 starts with an overview of the Oracle Tuning Methodology and how it is used to perform effective database tuning Chapter 2 discusses the sources of information related to database performance tuning This includes data dictionary views, trace files, and log files Chapter 3 introduces you to SQL statement tuning. .. programming and constructs Strong knowledge of Oracle Server architectureDatabase and Instance Complete understanding of physical and logical database storage concepts Managing datastorage, loading and reorganization Managing roles, privileges, password and resources Understanding of backup and recovery options Archiving redo log files and hot backups Using Recovery Manager (RMAN) to perform backup and recovery... Chapter 8 introduces tuning database contention This includes a discussion of latches and locking Chapter 9 discusses the Oracle Resource Management utilities and how they can be used to manage database performance Chapter 10 explores the Oracle Enterprise Manager graphical tuning aid called Oracle Expert Part Two: OCP Oracle8i Network Administration Chapter 11 introduces the basic network architecture... Professional Performance and Tuning, and Net8 Administration exams To best benefit from this book, use the following study method: 1 Take the Assessment Tests immediately following this introduction (The answers are at the end of each test.) Carefully read over the explanations for any questions you get wrong, and note which chapters the material comes from This information should help you plan your study . and Tuning 57 38 67% OCP: Oracle8i DBA Performance Tuning and Network Administration Study Guide 1Z0- 025 Oracle8i: Backup and Recovery 60 34 57% OCP: Oracle8i . series: OCP: Oracle8i DBA SQL and PL/SQL Study Guide OCP: Oracle8i DBA Architecture & Administration and Backup & Recovery Study Guide Copyright