Free ebooks ==> www.Ebook777.com FIFTH EDITION HOLLYWOOD’S Understanding History Through Film Edited by STEVEN MINTZ, RANDY ROBERTS and DAVID WELKY www.Ebook777.com Free ebooks ==> www.Ebook777.com HOLLYWOOD’S AMERICA www.Ebook777.com My Little Chickadee (1940) Universal Studios Directed by Edward F Cline Courtesy of Jerry Murbach, www.doctormacro.info HOLLYWOOD’S AMERICA UNDERSTANDING HISTORY THROUGH FILM Fifth Edition Edited by STEVEN MINTZ, RANDY ROBERTS, and DAVID WELKY Free ebooks ==> www.Ebook777.com This fifth edition first published 2016 © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Inc Edition History: Brandywine Press (1e, 1994; 2e, 1997; 3e, 2001); Blackwell Publishing Ltd (4e, 2001) Registered Office John Wiley & Sons Ltd, The Atrium, Southern Gate, Chichester, West Sussex, PO19 8SQ, UK Editorial Offices 350 Main Street, Malden, MA 02148-5020, USA 9600 Garsington Road, Oxford, OX4 2DQ, UK The Atrium, Southern Gate, Chichester, West Sussex, PO19 8SQ, UK For details of our global editorial 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Library Cover image: Dreamstime © Namolik Set in 10/12.5pt Galliard by Aptara Inc., New Delhi, India 2016 www.Ebook777.com Contents List of Illustrations Preface ix xi Introduction: The Social and Cultural History of American Film PART I THE SILENT ERA 31 Introduction: Intolerance and the Rise of the Feature Film 31 Workers in Early Film Michael Shull, “Silent Agitators: Militant Labor in the Movies, 1909–1919” 33 Silent Cinema as Historical Mythmaker Eric Niderost, “The Birth of a Nation” 42 The Revolt Against Victorianism Lary May, “Douglas Fairbanks, Mary Pickford, and the New Personality” 51 Primary Sources Edison v American Mutoscope Company “The Nickel Madness” Mutual Film Corp v Industrial Commission of Ohio 63 63 65 68 Fighting a Vicious Film: Protest Against The Birth of a Nation Boston Branch of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People, 1915 Analysis by Francis Hackett 69 69 69 “Seeing Our Boys ‘Over There’” 71 PART II HOLLYWOOD’S GOLDEN AGE 75 Introduction: Backstage During the Great Depression: 42nd Street, Gold Diggers of 1933, and Footlight Parade 75 Contents vi Depression America and its Films Maury Klein, “Laughing Through Tears” 79 The Depression’s Human Toll Peter Roffman and Jim Purdy, “Gangsters and Fallen Women” 86 Depression Allegories Thomas H Pauly, “Gone with the Wind and The Grapes of Wrath as Hollywood Histories of the Great Depression” 95 African Americans on the Silver Screen Thomas R Cripps, “The Evolution of Black Film” 104 Primary Sources The Introduction of Sound “Pictures That Talk” Review of Don Juan “Silence is Golden” 116 116 116 117 118 Film Censorship The Sins of Hollywood, 1922 “The Don’ts and Be Carefuls” The Motion Picture Production Code of 1930 The State Department on Hollywood in Germany, 1934 The State Department on Hollywood in Latin America, 1934 120 120 122 123 133 134 PART III HOLLYWOOD IN THE WORLD WAR II ERA 137 Introduction: Hollywood’s World War II Combat Films 137 10 Movies and Great Britain Michael Todd Bennett, “Anglophilia on Film: Creating an Atmosphere for Alliance, 1935–1941” 141 11 Blockbuster as Propaganda Randy Roberts, “You Must Remember This: The Case of Hal Wallis’s Casablanca” 156 12 John Wayne and Wartime Hollywood Randy Roberts, “John Wayne Goes to War” 166 13 The Woman’s Film Jeanine Basinger, “When Women Wept” 184 14 Primary Sources Sumner Welles to Franklin Roosevelt, 1941 191 191 The 1941 Academy Awards: Hollywood and the President Correspondence between Walter Wanger and Stephen Early Franklin D Roosevelt to the Academy Awards Dinner Walter Wanger to Stephen Early 192 192 195 196 Contents Madeleine Carroll to Franklin Roosevelt U.S Senate Subcommittee Hearings on Motion Picture and Radio Propaganda, 1941 Excerpts from The Government Information Manual for the Motion Picture Industry, 1942 Bureau of Motion Pictures Report: Casablanca vii 196 196 200 204 PART IV POSTWAR HOLLYWOOD 207 Introduction: Double Indemnity and Film Noir 207 15 The Red Scare in Hollywood Peter Roffman and Jim Purdy, “HUAC and the End of an Era” 211 16 Movies Grow Up 219 Jennifer Holt, “Hollywood and Politics Caught in the Cold War Crossfire” 17 The Morality of Informing Kenneth R Hey, “Ambivalence and On the Waterfront” 229 18 Science Fiction as Social Commentary Stuart Samuels, “The Age of Conspiracy and Conformity: Invasion of the Body Snatchers (1956)” 240 19 Primary Sources United States v Paramount Pictures, Inc (1947) 250 250 Hearings Regarding the Communist Infiltration of the Motion Picture Industry U.S House of Representatives Committee on Un-American Activities, 1947 U.S House of Representatives Committee on Un-American Activities, 1951 The Waldorf Statement, 1947 PART V HOLLYWOOD IN AN AGE OF TURMOIL 251 251 251 254 257 Introduction: Bonnie and Clyde 257 20 The Dark Side of the 1960s Charles Bane, “Worrying about the Bomb: Stanley Kubrick and the Nuclear War Film” 259 21 Films of the Late 1960s and Early 1970s Michael Ryan and Douglas Kelner, “From Counterculture to Counterrevolution, 1967–1971” 270 22 Film Capital and National Capital Kathryn Cramer Brownell, “‘Politics is Show Business’: Hollywood and the New Politics” 279 viii Contents 23 Reaffirming Traditional Values Daniel J Leab, “The Blue Collar Ethnic in Bicentennial America: Rocky” 288 24 Presenting African Americans on Film Aram Goudsouzian, “The Rise and Fall of Sidney Poitier” 297 25 Coming to Terms with the Vietnam War Randy Roberts and David Welky, “A Sacred Mission: Oliver Stone and Vietnam” 306 26 Primary Sources Raymond Caldiero to Herbert L Porter, 1972 324 PART VI HOLLYWOOD IN THE POST-STUDIO ERA 329 Introduction: A Changing Hollywood 329 27 Feminism and Recent American Film Aspasia Kotsopoulos, “Gendering Expectations: Genre and Allegory in Readings of Thelma and Louise” 331 28 The Screen and the Cross Donna Bowman, “Christianity, Hollywood, and the Culture Wars” 349 29 Social Revolution on Screen Thomas Piontek, “Tears for Queers: Ang Lee’s Brokeback Mountain, Hollywood, and American Attitudes toward Homosexuality” 357 30 Encountering Distant Lands Mark Graham, “The New Great Game: Rambo III, The Beast, and Charlie Wilson’s War” 369 31 Superheroes for the Twenty-First Century Noel Murray, “Assembling Joss Whedon’s Avengers: The Modern Business of Blockbusters” 384 32 Movies and the Construction of Historical Memory Steven Mintz, “Movies, History, and the Disneyfication of the Past: The Case of Pocahontas” 392 Bibliography of Recent Books in American Film History Index 399 425 Free ebooks ==> www.Ebook777.com List of Illustrations My Little Chickadee (1940) The Immigrant (1917) Intolerance (1916) Douglas Fairbanks in The Black Pirate (1926) Footlight Parade (1933) Public Enemy (1931) The Grapes of Wrath (1939) Objective Burma! (1945) Casablanca (1942) Mildred Pierce (1945) Double Indemnity (1944) On the Waterfront (1954) Photograph of the real-life bank robbers Bonnie Parker and Clyde Barrow Portrait of Pocahontas, from a painting by William Sheppard (1616) www.Ebook777.com ii 2 52 76 81 96 138 157 186 208 230 258 396 418 Bibliography Korean War Lentz, Robert J Korean War Filmography: 91 English Language Features through 2000 Jefferson, NC: McFarland, 2003 Vietnam War Anderegg, Michael Inventing Vietnam: The War in Film and Television Philadelphia: Temple University Press, 1991 Auster, Albert, and Leonard Quart How the War Was Remembered: Hollywood & Vietnam New York: Praeger, 1988 Dittmar, Linda, and Gene Michaud From Hanoi to Hollywood: The Vietnam War in American Film New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers University Press, 1990 Gilman, Owen W., Jr., and Lorrie Smith America Rediscovered: Critical Essays on Literature and Film of the Vietnam War New York: Garland, 1990 Rowe, John Carlos, and Rick Berg The Vietnam War and American Culture New York: Columbia University Press, 1991 Recent American History Froula, Anna, and Karen Randall Reframing 9/11: Film, Popular Culture and the “War on Terror” London: Bloomsbury Academic, 2010 Hoberman, J Film after Film: Or, What Became of 21st Century Cinema? New York: Verso, 2010 Toplin, Robert Brent, ed Michael Moore’s Fahrenheit 9/11 Lawrence: University Press of Kansas, 2006 Toplin, Robert Brent, ed Oliver Stone’s USA Lawrence: University Press of Kansas, 2000 Special Topics Alcoholism and Film Cook, Jim, and Mike Lewington Images of Alcoholism London: British Film Institute, 1979 Denzin, Norman K Hollywood Shot by Shot New York: A de Gruyter, 1991 Audiences Barker, Martin Knowing Audiences: Judge Dredd, Its Friends, Fans and Foes Luton: University of Luton, 1998 Casetti, Francesco Inside the Gaze: The Fiction Film and its Spectator Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1998 Dixon, Wheeler W It Looks at You: The Returned Gaze of Cinema Albany: State University of New York Press, 1995 Fuller-Seeley, Kathryn H., ed Hollywood in the Neighborhood: Historical Case Studies of Local Moviegoing Berkeley: University of California Press, 2008 Scheiner, Georganne Signifying Female Adolescence: Film Representations and Fans, 1920– 1950 Westport, CT: Praeger, 2000 Bibliography 419 Sedgwick, John Popular Filmgoing in 1930s Britain: A Choice of Pleasures Exeter: Exeter University Press, 2000 Staiger, Janet Perverse Spectators: The Practices of Film Reception New York: New York University Press, 2000 Stempel, Tom American Audiences on Movies and Moviegoing Lexington: University Press of Kentucky, 200l Stern, Lesley, and George Kouvaros, eds Falling For You: Essays on Cinema and Performance Sydney: Power, 2000 Stokes, Melvyn, and Richard Maltby Identifying Hollywood’s Audiences: Cultural Identity and the Movies London: British Film Institute, 1999 Waller, Gregory A., ed Moviegoing in America: A Sourcebook in the History of Film Exhibition Oxford: Blackwell, 2002 Censorship Bernstein, Matthew Controlling Hollywood: Censorship and Regulation in the Studio Era New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers University Press, 1999 Black, Gregory D The Catholic Crusade Against the Movies, 1940–1975 New York: Cambridge University Press, 1998 Couvares, Francis G., ed Movie Censorship and American Culture 2nd edn Amherst: University of Massachusetts Press, 2006 Doherty, Thomas Patrick Hollywood’s Censor: Joseph I Breen & the Production Code Administration New York: Columbia University Press, 2007 Grieveson, Lee Policing Cinema: Movies and Censorship in Early-Twentieth-Century America Berkeley: University of California Press, 2004 Leff, Leonard J., and Jerold L Simmons The Dame in the Kimono: Hollywood, Censorship, and the Production Code Lexington: University Press of Kentucky, 200l Phillips, Kendall R Controversial Cinema: The Films that Outraged America Westport, CT: Praeger, 2008 Smith, Sarah Children, Cinema and Censorship: From Dracula to the Dead End Kids New York: I.B Tauris, 2005 Cities and Towns in Film Clarke, David B The Cinematic City London: Routledge, 1997 Levi, Emanuel Small-Town America in Film: The Decline and Fall of Community New York: Continuum, 1991 MacKinnon, Kenneth Hollywood’s Small Towns Metuchen: Scarecrow, 1984 Cold War Ceplair, Larry, and Steven Englund The Inquisition in Hollywood: Politics in the Film Community, 1930–1960 New York: Anchor, 1980 Shapiro, Jerome Franklin Atomic Bomb Cinema: The Apocalyptic Imagination on Film New York: Routledge, 2002 Shaw, Tony Hollywood’s Cold War Amherst: University of Massachusetts Press, 2007 420 Bibliography Directors Birchard, Robert S Cecil B DeMille’s Hollywood Lexington: University Press of Kentucky, 2004 Bliss, Michael Justified Lives: Morality and Narrative in the Films of Sam Peckinpah Carbondale: Southern Illinois University Press, 1993 Durgnat, Raymond, and Scott Simmon King Vidor Berkeley: University of California Press, 1988 Eyman, Scott Print the Legend: The Life and Times of John Ford New York: Simon & Schuster, 1999 Freedman, Jonathan, and Richard Millington, eds Hitchcock’s America New York: Oxford University Press, 1999 Gehring, Wes D Populism and the Capra Legacy Westport, CT: Greenwood Press, 1995 Girgus, Sam B Hollywood Renaissance: The Cinema of Democracy in the Era of Ford, Capra, and Kazan Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1998 Gunning, Tom D W Griffith and the Origins of American Narrative Film Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 1991 Herman, Jan A Talent for Trouble: The Life of Hollywood’s Most Acclaimed Director, William Wyler New York: G.P Putnam, 1996 Jacobs, Diane Christmas in July: The Life and Art of Preston Sturgess Berkeley: University of California Press, 1992 Kapsis, Robert E Hitchcock: The Making of a Reputation Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1992 Kolker, Robert Phillip A Cinema of Loneliness: Penn, Kubrick, Coppola, Scorsese, Altman New York: Oxford University Press, 1980 Langman, Larry Destination Hollywood: The Influence of Europeans on American Filmmaking Jefferson, NC: McFarland, 2000 Lourdeaux, Lee Italian and Irish Filmmakers in America: Ford, Capra, Coppola, and Scorsese Philadelphia: Temple University Press, 1990 McBride, Joseph Frank Capra: The Catastrophe of Success New York: Simon & Schuster, 1992 Mahar, Karen Ward Women Filmmakers in Early Hollywood Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 2006 Morrison, James Passport to Hollywood: Hollywood Films, European Directors Albany: State University of New York Press, 1998 Petrie, Graham Hollywood Destinies: European Directors in America, 1922–1931 Revised edn Detroit: Wayne State University Press, 2002 Phillips, Gene D Major Film Directors of the American and British Cinema Bethlehem: Lehigh, 1990 Quarles, Mike Down and Dirty: Hollywood’s Exploitation Filmmakers and their Movies Jefferson, NC: McFarland, 1993 Schickel, Richard D.W Griffith: An American Life New York: Limelight, 1984 Sikov, Ed On Sunset Boulevard: The Life and Times of Billy Wilder New York: Hyperion, 1998 Studlar, Gaylyn, and David Desser Reflections in a Male Eye: John Huston and the American Experience Washington: Smithsonian Institution Press, 1993 Disability and Film Fleming, Michael, and Roger Manvell Images of Madness Rutherford, NJ: Fairleigh Dickinson University Press, 1985 Klobas, Lauri E Disability Drama in Television and Film Jefferson, NC: McFarland, 1988 Bibliography 421 Norden, Martin F The Cinema of Isolation: A History of Physical Disability in the Movies New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers University Press, 1994 Schuchman, John S Hollywood Speaks: Deafness and the Film Entertainment Industry Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 1988 Economics of Hollywood Bakker, Gerben Entertainment Industrialised: The Emergence of the International Film Industry, 1920–1950 Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2008 Balio, Tino Grand Design: Hollywood as a Modern Business Enterprise, 1930–1939 New York: Scribner, 1993 Balio, Tino United Artists Madison: University of Wisconsin Press, 1987 Epstein, Edward Jay The Hollywood Economist 2.0: The Hidden Financial Reality Behind the Movies Brooklyn: Melville House, 2012 Jarvie, Ian Hollywood’s Overseas Campaign: The North Atlantic Movie Trade, 1920–1950 New York: Cambridge University Press, 1992 MacDonald, Paul, and Janet Wasko, eds The Contemporary Hollywood Film Industry Oxford: Wiley-Blackwell, 2008 Sedgwick, John, and Michael Pokorny An Economic History of Film New York: Routledge, 2004 Segrave, Kerry American Films Abroad: Hollywood’s Domination of the World’s Movie Screens from the 1890s to the Present Jefferson, NC: McFarland, 1997 Trumpbour, John Selling Hollywood to the World: U.S and European Struggles for Mastery of the Global Film Industry, 1920–1950 New York: Cambridge University Press, 2002 Family and Film Harwood, Sarah Family Fictions: Representations of the Family in 1980s Hollywood Cinema Basingstoke: Macmillan, 1997 Leibman, Nina C Living Room Lectures: The Fifties Family in Film and Television Austin: University of Texas Press, 1995 Rueschmann, Eva Sisters on Screen: Siblings in Contemporary Cinema Philadelphia: Temple University Press, 2000 Williams, Tony Hearths of Darkness: The Family in the American Horror Film Madison: Fairleigh Dickinson University Press, 1996 Film Music Buhler, James, David Neumeyer, and Rob Deemer Hearing the Movies: Music and Sound in Film History New York: Oxford University Press, 2009 Cooke, Mervyn A History of Film Music Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2008 Donnelly, K.J., ed Film Music: Critical Approaches New York: Continuum, 2001 MacDonald, Lawrence The Invisible Art of Film Music Lanham, MD: Scarecrow, 1998 Immigrants and Immigration Cull, Nicholas J., and Dav´ıd Carrasco, eds Alambrista and the U.S.–Mexico Border: Film, Music, and Stories of Undocumented Immigrants Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press, 2004 422 Bibliography Naficy, Hamid Home, Exile, Homeland: Film, Media and the Politics of Place New York: Routledge, 1998 Journalism and Film Good, Howard Girl Reporter: Gender, Journalism and the Movies Metuchen: Scarecrow, 1998 Langman, Larry The Media in the Movies Jefferson, NC: McFarland, 1998 Ness, Richard R From Headline Hunter to Superman: A Journalism Filmography Metuchen: Scarecrow, 1997 Labor Relations in the Motion Picture Industry Horne, Gerald Class Struggle in Hollywood, 1930–1950 Austin: University of Texas Press, 2001 Nielsen, Mike, and Gene Mailes Hollywood’s Other Blacklist: Union Struggles in the Blacklist Era London: British Film Institute, 1996 Law and Film Denvir, John Legal Reelism: Movies as Legal Texts Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 1996 Literary Adaptations Jeffers, Jennifer M Britain Colonized: Hollywood’s Appropriation of British Literature New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2006 Willson, Robert Frank, Jr Shakespeare in Hollywood, 1929–1956 Madison: Fairleigh Dickinson University Press, 2000 Motherhood in Film Fischer, Lucy Cinematernity: Film, Motherhood, Genre Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1996 Philosophy and Film Allen, Richard Projecting Illusion: Film Spectatorship and the Impression of Reality Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1995 Allen, Richard, and Murray Smith Film Theory and Philosophy Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1997 Freeland, Cynthia A., and Thomas E Wartenberg Philosophy and Film New York: Routledge, 1995 Sobchack, Vivian Carol The Address of the Eye: A Phenomenology of Film Experience Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1992 The South and Film Campbell, Edward D.C., Jr Celluloid South: Hollywood and the Southern Myth Knoxville: University of Tennessee Press, 1981 French, Warren The South and Film Jackson: University Press of Mississippi, 1981 Bibliography 423 Graham, Don Cowboys and Cadillacs: How Hollywood Looks at Texas Austin: Texas Monthly, 1983 Williamson, Jerry Wayne Hillbillyland: What the Movies Did to the Mountains and What the Mountains Did to the Movies Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1995 Williamson, Jerry Wayne Southern Mountaineers in Silent Films Jefferson, NC: McFarland, 1994 Sports and Film Crosson, Se´an Sport and Film New York: Routledge, 2011 Dickerson, Gary E The Cinema of Baseball Westport, CT: Meckler, 1991 Tudor, Deborah V Hollywood’s Vision of Team Sports: Heroes, Race, and Gender New York: Garland, 1997 Stereotypes Loukides, Paul, and Linda K Fuller Beyond the Stars: Stock Characters in American Popular Film Bowling Green, OH: Bowling Green State University Popular Press, 1990 Studios and Studio Heads Berg, A Scott Goldwyn: A Biography New York: Knopf, 1989 Bruck, Connie When Hollywood Had a King: The Reign of Lew Wasserman, who Leveraged Talent into Power and Influence New York: Random House, 2003 Custen, George F Twentieth Century’s Fox: Darryl F Zanuck and the Culture of Hollywood New York: Basic Books, 1997 Eyman, Scott Lion of Hollywood: The Life and Legend of Louis B Mayer New York: Simon & Schuster, 2005 Gabler, Neal An Empire of Their Own: How the Jews Invented Hollywood New York: Crown, 1988 Pizzitola, Louis Hearst over Hollywood: Power, Passion, and Propaganda in the Movies New York: Columbia University Press, 2002 Sperling, Cass Warner The Brothers Warner Los Angeles: Warner Sisters, 2003 Thomas, Bob Thalberg: Life and Legend Burlington: Phoenix, 2006 Thomson, David Showman: The Life of David O Selznick New York: Knopf, 1992 Studio System Anderson, Christopher Hollywood TV: The Studio System in the Fifties Austin: University of Texas Press, 1994 Davis, Ronald L The Glamour Factory Dallas: SMU Press, 1993 Mordden, Ethan The Hollywood Studios: House Style in the Golden Age of the Movies New York: Knopf, 1987 Schatz, Thomas The Genius of the System: Hollywood Filmmaking in the Studio Era New York: Henry Holt, 1996 Staiger, Janet The Studio System New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers University Press, 1995 424 Bibliography Suspense and Film Howard, Tom Suspense in the Cinema Wyong, NSW: John Howard Reid, 1995 Vorderer, Peter, et al Suspense: Conceptualizations, Theoretical Analyses, and Empirical Explorations Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum, 1996 Teachers and Film Joseph, Pamela Bolotin, and Gail E Burnaford Images of Schoolteachers in Twentieth-Century America New York: St Martin’s, 1994 Index Page numbers in italics refer to illustrations 12 Years a Slave, 42nd Street, 75–77 Academy Awards, 192–196 Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences, 1, 304 Addams, Jane, 3, 48 Adventures of Robin Hood, The, 142 Afghan War, 369–371, 375, 380, 382 Afghanistan, Hollywood and, 371–383 African Americans in film, 43–50, 104–115, 297–305, 315 Air Force, 138 Aitken, Harry, 56 Algiers, 158 alienation, film and, 271–275 All Quiet on the Western Front, 1, 147 Allen, Jay Presson, 359 Allison, Joan, 158 American International Pictures, 26 American Negro Theater, 299 Amistad, 395 Anna Lucasta, 299 anticommunist films, 23, 215–218 anti-Semitism, 222–227 Apocalypse Now, 313, 314 Arbuckle, Roscoe “Fatty,” 15 Armat, Thomas, 10–11 Astaire, Fred, 97 attendance at movies, 16, 17, 66, 79, 137 Avengers, The, 384, 386–391 Avildsen, John, 291 Avrakotos, Gus, 380–381 Baldwin, James, 304 BBS Company, 274 beach blanket movies, 26 Beard, George M., Beast, The, 375–380 Beatty, Warren, 285–286 Belasco, David, 58–59 Bennett, Constance, 91, 92 Bergman, Andrew, 19, 97 Berkeley, Busby, 18, 84 Bicycle Thieves, The, 23 Big Sky, 359 Bigelow, Kathryn, 28 Biograph, 12, 44 Birth of a Nation, 31, 42–50, 53–54, 69–71 Birth of a Race, 106 Hollywood’s America: Understanding History Through Film, Fifth Edition Edited by Steven Mintz, Randy Roberts, and David Welky © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Inc Published 2016 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc 426 Index Bitzer, Billy, 43, 44 Black Pirate, The, 52 Black Watch, The, 382–383 Blackboard Jungle, 24–25, 300 block booking, 12, 22 blockbusters, 26, 385 Blonde Venus, 92, 93–94 Blondell, Joan, 189 Blood Money, 89 Bluestone, George, 98 Blumer, Herbert, 14 Body and Soul, 111 Bok, Edward W., Bonnie and Clyde, 26, 257–258, 258, 273 Born on the Fourth of July, 316–317, 320 Born to Love, 91 Boyer, Paul, 265 Brando, Marlon, 25 Breathless, 26 Breen Office See Production Code Administration Breen, Joseph I., 18, 83, 164, 165, 221–223 Brewer, Roy, 232 Brians, Paul, 261 Brick Foxhole, The, 221–222 Brokeback Mountain, 357–368 Brooks, Clarence, 106 Brown, Rowland, 89 Brownlow, Kevin, 14 Buchan, Alistair, 262 Buckner, Robert, 153 Buffy the Vampire Slayer, 385 Bureau of Censorship, 20 Bureau of Motion Pictures (BMP), 20–21, 162, 173–174, 180, 204–206 Burnett, Murray, 157–158 Cagney, James, 1, 17, 83, 142 Caldiero, Ray, 285, 324–328 camera obscura, Canby, Henry Seidel, 54 Canby, Vincent, 292 capital vs labor films, 33–41 Capra, Frank, 20, 84–85, 293 Casablanca Conference, 160 Casablanca, 156–165, 157, 204–206 Celluloid Closet, The (book), 358 Celluloid Closet, The (film), 365, 366 censorship of films, 120–133 Central Park, 4, Chaplin, Charlie, Charge of the Light Brigade, The, 143–144, 145 Charlie Wilson’s War, 380–382 Chartoff, Robert, 290, 291, 292 Christianity, film and, 349–356 Cicognani, Amleto Giovanni, 18 Clansman, The, 44–45, 48 Clark, D Worth, 197–198 Clinton, William J “Bill,” 287 Cohn, Harry, 13, 21, 232 Colored Players Company, 111–112 combat films See war films comedies, 18–19 Coming Home, 313 commercialized entertainment, 7–8 Committee for the First Amendment, 212, 213, 225 Common Clay, 91 Coney Island, 5, Conference of Studio Unions, 220 Confessions of a Nazi Spy, 19 conservative films, 275–278 consumerism, Cooper, Gary, 17, 143 Coppola, Sofia, 28 Corridan, John M., 238 Cousins, Norman, 233–234 Crane, Stephen, Crawford, Joan, 186 Crossfire, 220–228 Crowther, Bosley, 269 Cruise, Tom, 316 Curley, James, 49 Curtis, Joseph, 235 Curtiz, Michael, 142, 151, 163 Daguerre, Louis, Daisy Kenyon, 189–190 Dark Horse, The, 82 David Morrell, 371 Davis, Geena, 334, 336–337, 345 Dawn Patrol, The, 146, 147 Day, Doris, 25 De Forest, Lee, 16, 116–117 De Havilland, Olivia, 187–188 Index Deer Hunter, The, 313 Defiant Ones, The, 300, 301 DeMille, Cecil B., 43 Denby, David, 28 Destination Tokyo, 138 Dickson, William K.L., 10 Dies, Martin, 225 Dirty Harry, 278 Disney, Walt, 22, 84 Dixon, Thomas, 45, 47, 70–71 Dmytryk, Edward, 221, 223, 224, 228 Dogma, 351–352 Dollhouse, 387 Don Juan, 17 Donovan, William, 172 “Don’ts and Be Carefuls,” 122–123 Double Indemnity, 208–209, 208 Doubleday, Frank, Douglass Company, The, 109 Dr Horrible’s Sing-Along Blog, 386, 387, 389, 390 Dr Strangelove or: How I Learned to Stop Worrying and Love the Bomb, 260–269 Dragon, Carmen, 248 Drake, Olive, 38 Dreiser, Theodore, 3, DuBois, W.E.B., 49 Duck Soup, 82 Dunn, John M., 236 Dye, Dale, 314 Eastman, George, 10 Easy Rider, 274 Ebony Motion Picture Company, 107 Eden, Anthony, 147 Edison, Thomas Alva, 7–8, 10–11, 16, 116 Edison v American Mutoscope Company, 63–65 Eisenhower, Dwight, 280–281 Ellis, Jack C., 83 Emperor Jones, The, 113 Eternal Grind, The, 60 Everybody Comes to Rick’s, 158, 161, 163 Exodus: Gods and Kings, 355–356 Fail-Safe, 268 Fairbanks, Douglas, Jr., 191–192 427 Fairbanks, Douglas, Sr., 51–52, 52, 55–57, 60–61 Faithless, 92 fallen woman films, 90–94 Famous Players-Lasky, 56 Feige, Kevin, 384, 387 Fellows, Robert, 181, 182 feminism, film and, 331–334, 338, 343 Ferguson, Otis, 96, 143 film noir, 207–209 Fine Arts Studio, 43 Fire Over England, 145–146 Firefly, 385–386 First Blood, 27 Flying Tigers, 176–179 Flynn, Errol, 142, 143 Fonda, Henry, 20, 169 Fonda, Jane, 282 Fool and a Girl, A, 44 Footlight Parade, 76, 77 Ford, John, 20, 85, 169, 171–172 Foreign Correspondent, 150–151 Forrest Gump, 395 Foster, Bill, 106 Fox, William, 13 Fred Ott’s Sneeze, 10 French Connection, The, 277 Gable, Clark, 20 gangster films, 18–19, 80–81, 83, 87–90, 341 Gant, Harry, 106 Garbo, Greta, 14, 16 genteel tradition, 6, Gentleman’s Agreement, 222, 226 George, Peter, 262–263 Germany, 133–134 Gilbert, John, 86 Gilpin, Charles, 109 Gish, Lillian, 31 Glory, 395 G-Men, 83 Gold Diggers of 1933, 76–77 Goldwyn, Samuel, 13, 21 Gone with the Wind, 95–103, 114–115 Government Information Manual for the Motion Picture Industry, 21, 162, 174–175, 200–204 428 Graduate, The, 26, 272–273 Grant, Cary, 82 Grapes of Wrath, The, 85, 95–103, 96 Great Britain, 141–155 Great Depression, film and, 17–19, 79–85, 86–94, 95–103 Great Train Robbery, The, Greeley, Andrew, 295 Green Berets, The, 27 Greenspan, Roger, 293 Griffith, David Wark, 11–12, 14, 31–32, 42–50, 53–56, 58–59, 105 Guess Who’s Coming to Dinner, 298, 303–305 Gunga Din, 144–145 Gussow, Mel, 97 Gyssling, Georg, 133 Hamlin, Harry, 361 Hanson, Ole, 40 Hart, Albert Bushnell, 106 Hart, William S., 83 Hartung, Philip, 96 Haskell, Molly, 188 Hayden, Sterling, 265 Hays, Will, 15, 17, 82–83, 85 Heaven and Earth, 317–318 Hellman, Lillian, 23 Hell’s Highway, 89 Hershey, Lewis B., 170 Higham, John, His Darker Self, 108 His Majesty the American, 56–57 history, Hollywood and, 392–398 Hitchcock, Alfred, 150 Hofstadter, Richard, 25 Hollywood, 15–16 Hollywood Ten, 22, 212–213, 223 homosexuality, Hollywood and, 357–368 Hoover, Herbert, 281 Hoover, J Edgar, 25 Hopkins, Harry, 153 House Un-American Activities Committee (HUAC), 22–23, 212–213, 215, 220, 223, 225, 232–234, 251–254 Howe, Frederic C., 47 Hughes, Howard, 224 Hughes, William, 296 Index Hull, Cordell, 134–135 Huston, John, 20 Huygens, Christiaan, I Am a Fugitive from a Chain Gang, 18, 85 I Was a Teenage Werewolf, 25 Immigrant, The, imperial films, 142–145 In the Heat of the Night, 302, 303, 304 In Old California, 175–176 Industrial Workers of the World (IWW), 36, 38 International Alliance of Theatrical Stage Employees, 220 Intolerance, 2, 31–32, 35, 54 Invasion of the Body Snatchers, 240–249 It Happened One Night, 19, 84 Jacobs, Lewis, 13, 88 James, William, Jazz Singer, The, 17 JFK, 319–320, 321, 393 Johnson, George, 106 Johnson, Noble, 106, 107 Johnston, Eric, 212 Jolson, Al, 17 Jones, Dorothy, 214, 215 juvenile delinquency, 25 Kael, Pauline, 19, 215–216, 291, 292 Kagan, Norman, 267 Karnot, Steven, 158 Kazan, Elia, 231–238 Kennedy, John F., 281, 320, 321 Kennedy, Joseph, 226 Khouri, Callie, 333, 334, 345 kinetoscope, 10 Kipling, Rudyard, 144 Kirkwood, Gene, 290 Kirshner, Jonathan, 283 Kirstein, Lincoln, 96 Klein, Maury, 18 Koch, Howard, 161 Korda, Alexander, 143, 147–148 Koster and Bial’s Music Hall, Ku Klux Klan, 46, 49–50 Kubrick, Stanley, 261–269 Index Laemmle, Carl, 11, 12, 13 Lamarr, Hedy, 16 Lange, Dorothea, 97 Lardner, Ring, Jr., 22, 223 Last Temptation of Christ, The, 349–350, 351, 352, 353 Latin America, 134–135 Laurents, Arthur, 365 Lawrence, Florence, 12 Lee, Ang, 357, 360, 361 Lee, Spike, 28 Left Behind, 354 Legion of Decency, 18, 23, 83 LeMay, Curtis, 265 Leung, William, 364 Lilies of the Field, 301 Lincoln Motion Picture Company, 106 Lindsay, Sir Ronald, 147 Lingeman, Richard R., 19 Little Big Man, 272 Little Caesar, 88 Lives of a Bengal Lancer, The, 143, 145, 383 London, Jack, Lonely Crowd, The, 243, 245 Lonesome Cowboys, 360 Lord, Daniel, 18 Lorentz, Pare, 85 Lost Patrol, 375–376 Lowe, James, 109 Lowell, James Russell, Lubitsch, Ernst, 16, 97 Lumi`ere, Auguste, 10 Lumi`ere, Louis, 10 Macklin, F Anthony, 267 MacLaine, Shirley, 285–286 magazines, Making Love, 361, 362, 367 Mannequin, 186 Marconi, Guglielmo, Marey, Etienne-Jules, 10 Marvel Studios, 384, 388 Marx Brothers, 18, 19, 82, 97 Maslin, Janet, 291 Mason, Clifford, 297 mass culture, 5–7 May, Lary, 14 Mayer, Louis B., 13, 21, 280 429 McCarthy, Joseph, 212 McClure, Samuel Sidney, McGovern, George, 279, 282, 284–286 McQueen, Steve, 28 Medved, Michael, 28, 351 Mellett, Lowell, 153, 173–174, 182 Micheaux, Oscar, 110–112 Midnight Cowboy, 360 Midnight Express, 313 Midsummer Night’s Dream, A, 142 Mildred Pierce, 186, 189 Miller, Arthur, 231, 234 Miller, Mark Crispin, 26 Miller, Seton I., 151 Miracle, The, 23 Mission to Moscow, 214–215 Mitchell, Broadus, 103 Mix, Tom, 16, 39, 83 Moffat, Pierrepont, 133–134 Mollycoddle, 57 Monaco, James, 291, 294 Monogram Studio, 23 Montgomery, 280–281 Moon Is Blue, The, 23 Moore, Colleen, 14 Morrison, Jim, 312 Motion Picture Patents Company, 11, 12 Motion Picture Producers and Distributors Association, 17 movie theaters, 16 Much Ado About Nothing, 391 Muni, Paul, 1–2 Murdoch, Rupert, 27 Murphy, Dudley, 113 musicals, 75–77, 84 Mutual Film Corp v Industrial Commission of Ohio, 68–69 Muybridge, Eadweard, 10 My Little Chickadee, ii My Man Godfrey, 19 National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP), 46–48, 69, 105–106 National Board of Censorship of Motion Pictures, 15, 47 Nelson, Thomas Allen, 266–267 neurasthenia, 430 Index Neutrality Act, 142 New Deal, 19, 80, 83, 87 “New Hollywood,” 283–286 New Nationalism, 53 “New Politics,” 280–287 New Woman, New York Journal, New York World, Newman, Paul, 281 Nichols, Dudley, 169 nickelodeons, 11, 34, 44, 65 Ni´epce, Joseph Nic´ephore, Nixon, 321–322 Nixon, Richard, 279, 284–286, 321 No Way Out, 299 Noah, 355–356 Novak, Michael, 295 Nugent, Frank S., 144 Nye, Gerald, 19, 148, 162, 197 Obama, Barack, 287 Objective, Burma!, 138, 138 Office of Government Reports, 153 Office of War Information, 20–21, 162, 181 Olmsted, Frederick Law, Omega Code, The, 354 On the Beach, 261 On the Trail of the Assassins, 318 On the Waterfront, 229–239, 230 One Exciting Night, 108 O’Neal, Frederick, 299 Only Angels Have Wings, 176–177 Organization Man, The, 245 Ossana, Diana, 367 Our Daily Bread, 85, 103 overseas markets, 22 Paine, Jeffrey, 80 Panto, Peter, 231, 236 Paramount Pictures, 12, 26 Parsons, Louella, 168 Passion of the Christ, The, 354–355, 356 Paxton, John, 221 Peck, Gregory, 304 Peckinpah, Sam, 276 Peiss, Kathy, 8, 14 persistence of vision, phenakistoscope, Philadelphia, 360, 362–363, 365 Pickens, Slim, 265 Pickens, William, 169–170 Pickford, Mary, 12, 34, 36, 51–52, 57–61 Pittsburgh, 179, 181–182 Platoon, 313, 314–316, 320, 377 Pocahontas, 396–397, 396 Pocahontas (film), 395, 397, 398 Poitier, Sidney, 297–305 Pollyanna, 57 Porgy and Bess, 300 Poynter, Nelson, 174, 182 Price, Harry B., 178 Production Code, 18, 23, 28, 83, 123–133, 164, 221, 353, 359 Production Code Administration, 18, 147, 164, 283 prostitution in films, 92–94 Ptolemy, Public Enemy, The, 81, 88 Pulitzer, Joseph, Quick Millions, 89 Raisin in the Sun, A, 300–301 Rambo III, 371–375, 377 Rand, Ayn, 214 Rankin, John, 225 rape, film and, 337–339, 345 Rathvon, Peter, 224 Ray, Robert B., 17, 176 Reagan, Ronald, 282, 286 Reap the Wild Wind, 176 Rebel Without a Cause, 25 Red Alert, 262–263 Red River, 359 Red Scare, Hollywood and, 211–218 Reid, Wallace, 15 Remington, Frederic, Republic Pictures, 168–169, 176, 178 Reunion in France, 179–180, 181 Reynolds, Kevin, 376, 377 Rich, Frank, 289, 293, 295 road movie, 331–332, 339–340 Robert, Etienne Gaspar, Robinson, David, 13 Index Rocky, 288–296 Rogers, Ginger, 76, 97, 189 Roosevelt, Franklin, 142, 152, 154, 195–196 Roosevelt, Theodore, 3, Santa Fe Trail, 393 Santayana, George, Sarandon, Susan, 334, 335, 336–337 Sarkis, Najwa, 312 Sarris, Andrew, 291, 295 Sayre, Nora, 25 Scarface, 88 Schary, Dore, 221 Schenck, Joseph, 13 Schulberg, Budd, 234–236 Schwarzenegger, Arnold, 279 science fiction films, 25, 240–249, 260–261 Scorsese, Martin, 349, 350, 352 Scott, Adrian, 221, 222, 223, 224 Scott, Emmett J., 106 Scott, George C., 265 Scott, Ridley, 334, 345 Screen Writers Guild, 223 screwball comedy, 84–85 Sea Hawk, The, 151–152 Seattle general strike, 40 Secret Six, The, 88 Selig Pictures, 15 Sellers, Peter, 264–266 Selznick, David O., 13, 114–115 Sennett, Mack, 14 Sennwald, Andrew, 143 Serenity, 385–386 Sergeant York, 154 She Done Him Wrong, 82 Sherman Anti-Trust Act, 11 Sherwood Films, 355 “showbiz politics,” 280–287, 324–328 shyster films, 81–82 Siegel, Don, 241, 247–248, 278 silent films, 13–14, 33–41 Simmons, William J., 50 Sklar, Robert, 82 social problem films, 18, 87 Soilers, The, 358 Sontag, Susan, 242, 246 Sony Pictures, 27 sound, 86, 116–120 Southern, Terry, 263 Spanish Civil War, 145–146 Splendor in the Grass, 24 Spoilers, The, 175, 176 sports, Stallone, Sylvester, 290–293, 295 Stanford, Leland, 10 Star Wars: The Force Awakens, 390 Status Seekers, The, 245 Stevens, George, 144–145 Stewart, Jimmy, 20, 170 Stone, Jacqueline Goddet, 307, 308 Stone, Louis, 307, 308 Stone, Oliver, 306–323 Storey, Moorfield, 49 Straw Dogs, 276–277 Streetcar Named Desire, A, 231–232 Sully, Beth, 56 Sun Never Sets, The, 149–150 Susan Lenox: Her Fall and Rise, 92 Swanson, Gloria, 2, 16 Taylor, William Desmond, 15 teen films, 24–25 Tess of the Storm Country, 59–60 Thalberg, Irving, 13 That Hamilton Woman, 148 thaumatrope, “The Forgotten Man,” 77 Thelma and Louise, 331–348 Thirty Seconds Over Tokyo, 139 Thompson, Anita, 106 Titanic, 394 To Each His Own, 187–188 To Sir, With Love, 302, 303 Transformers: Age of Extinction, 389 Trinity Broadcasting Network, 354 Trotter, William Monroe, 49 Ulman, Charles, 55 Uncle Tom’s Cabin, 45, 109 United 93, 394 United Artists, 26, 56 United States v Paramount Pictures, 22, 250–251 431 Free ebooks ==> www.Ebook777.com Index 432 Valenti, Jack, 283 Valentino, Rudolph, 14 vaudeville, 8, 65–66 Vaughn, Robert, 214 Victorian culture, 4, 5–8, 14, 51–62 Vidor, King, 85 Vietnam War, 306–310 Vietnam War, film and, 27–28, 312–318, 320, 322–323 Virginian, The, von Sternberg, Josef, 16, 93–94 von Stroheim, Erich, 11 von Uchatius, Franz, Wake Island, 138, 139 Waldorf Statement, 213, 254–255 Wallis, Hal B., 146, 164 Walt Disney Studios, 392, 395 Wanger, Walter, 241 war films, 137–139, 146–147 Warner Bros., 17, 26, 157 Warner, Harry, 148–149, 198–200, 280 Warner, Jack, 148–149, 160, 214, 280 Warshow, Robert, 83 Wayne, John, 27, 166–183, 284 Welles, Orson, 110 Welles, Sumner, 191–192 Wertham, Frederic, 25 West, Mae, 18, 19, 82 westerns, 83 Whedon, Joss, 384–391 When Clouds Roll By, 57 White Rose, The, 108 Wild One, The, 24 Wild and Woolly, 57 Williams, Bert, 107, 108 Wilson, Charlie, 380, 381 Wilson, Woodrow, 47 Winkler, Irwin, 290, 291, 292 Wister, Owen, “women’s film,” 184–190, 347 Wood, Robin, 94 Woods, Frank, 44 World War I, Hollywood and, 38–39, 71–73, 137 World War II, Hollywood and, 19–21, 137–139, 149–155, 160–162, 166–183, 315 World’s Columbian Exhibition, 4–5 Yank in the R.A.F., A, 154 Yates, Herbert, 168, 172, 176, 178–179 York, Alvin C., 153–154 Zanuck, Darryl F., 13, 21, 97, 99, 222 Zukor, Adolph, 12, 13, 59 www.Ebook777.com ... influential films of the late 1960s and early 1970s sought to revise older film genres such as the war film, the crime film, and the Western while rewriting Hollywood’s earlier versions of American... Introduction: The Social and Cultural History of American Film PART I THE SILENT ERA 31 Introduction: Intolerance and the Rise of the Feature Film 31 Workers in Early Film Michael Shull, “Silent Agitators:... of twentieth century, films have recorded and even shaped American values, beliefs, and behavior Hollywood’s America has two fundamental goals The first is to use feature films to examine the