Test bank for psychology and your life 2nd edition by feldman

Page of 17 This chapter has 98 questions Scroll down to see and select individual questions or narrow the list using the checkboxes below questions at random and keep in order  Multiple Choice Questions - (38) Learning Outcome: 1.3 List the major specialties for working in the field of psychology - (3) True/False Questions - (18) Learning Outcome: 2.1 Explain the roots of psychology - (11) Fill In The Blank Questions - (26) Learning Outcome: 2.2 Discuss today's perspectives on psychology - (10) Short Answer Questions - (16) Learning Outcome: 2.4 Summarize psychology's key issues and controversies - (8) Odd Numbered - (49) Learning Outcome: 3.1 Define the scientific method, and list the steps involved - (5) Even Numbered - (49) Learning Outcome: 3.2 Describe how psychologists use research to answer questions of interest - (1) Bloom's: Analyzing - (4) Learning Outcome: 3.3 Summarize the descriptive research method used by psychologists - (6) Bloom's: Applying - (3) Learning Outcome: 3.4 Summarize the experimental research method used by psychologists - (4) Bloom's: Remembering - (69) Learning Outcome: 4.1 Explain the major ethical issues that confront psychologists conducting research - (2) Bloom's: Understanding - (22) Learning Outcome: 4.2 Discuss the issues related to testing on animals - (4) Difficulty: Easy - (40) Learning Outcome: 4.3 Identify threats to experimental validity - (3) Difficulty: Hard - (8) Module: Module - (44) Difficulty: Medium - (50) Module: Module - (26) Learning Outcome: 1.1 Define the science of psychology - (9) Module: Module - (19) Learning Outcome: 1.2 Describe the subfields of psychology - (32) Module: Module - (9) Psychology is the study of behavior and mental processes → True False This is an acceptable definition of psychology Bloom's: Remembering Difficulty: Easy Learning Outcome: 1.1 Define the science of psychology True / False Question Module: Module "Mental processes" not only covers people's actions but also their thoughts, emotions, perceptions, reasoning processes, memories, and even the biological activities that maintain bodily functioning → True False This is a way to explain what is meant by mental processes (cognitions) True / False Question Psychology is the study of the human mind True → False Bloom's: Understanding Difficulty: Medium Learning Outcome: 1.1 Define the science of psychology Module: Module That answer is not comprehensive enough It is too generic True / False Question Cognitive psychology focuses on how behaviors affect our lives True → False Bloom's: Remembering Difficulty: Medium Learning Outcome: 1.1 Define the science of psychology Module: Module Cognitive psychology focuses on higher mental processes such as problem solving, thinking, memory, judging, decision making, and language Bloom's: Remembering Difficulty: Easy Learning Outcome: 1.2 Describe the subfields of psychology True / False Question Module: Module Cognitive psychology is one of the branches of experimental psychology that has become an entire field in its own right → True False Cognitive psychology is its own specialty within the field of experimental psychology Bloom's: Understanding Difficulty: Easy Learning Outcome: 1.2 Describe the subfields of psychology True / False Question Module: Module Developmental psychology studies how people grow and change from the moment of conception through death → True False Developmental psychology used to focus on the early years alone, but it has since been revised to include the entire lifespan Full file at https://TestbankDirect.eu/ Page of 17 True / False Question Bloom's: Remembering Difficulty: Easy Learning Outcome: 1.2 Describe the subfields of psychology Module: Module A baby producing her first smile, taking her first step, and saying her first word are all universal milestones that are unique for each person → True False Although each milestone is universal, the experience is unique for each individual Bloom's: Remembering Difficulty: Easy Learning Outcome: 1.2 Describe the subfields of psychology True / False Question Module: Module Psychologists and psychiatrists both have doctoral degrees and conduct therapy True → False A psychologist has a doctoral degree (Ph.D or Psy.D) and may or may not conduct therapy while a psychiatrist has a medical degree (M.D.) and may or may not conduct therapy Bloom's: Understanding Difficulty: Medium Learning Outcome: 1.3 List the major specialties for working in the field of psychology True / False Question Module: Module Phrenology is practiced today as a means to assess intelligence Test Bank for Psychology and Your Life 2nd Edition by Feldman True → False Full file at https://TestbankDirect.eu/ Phrenology has not been practiced since the eighteenth century Bloom's: Understanding Difficulty: Medium Learning Outcome: 2.1 Explain the roots of psychology True / False Question Module: Module 10 Seven thousand years ago, people assumed that psychological problems were caused by evil spirits → True False The real insight about psychological problems is fairly recent and many people believed that people who exhibited odd behavior were possessed Bloom's: Remembering Difficulty: Easy Learning Outcome: 2.1 Explain the roots of psychology True / False Question Module: Module 11 Trephining is a procedure that ancient healers used to allow spirits to escape from the body → True False Trephining is the name given to the procedure where a hole was chipped into a person's skull to eliminate the evil spirit Bloom's: Remembering Difficulty: Medium Learning Outcome: 2.1 Explain the roots of psychology True / False Question Module: Module 12 Descriptive research is designed to systematically investigate a person, group, or patterns of behavior → True False Descriptive research does investigate people, groups, and patterns of behavior Bloom's: Remembering Difficulty: Medium Learning Outcome: 3.3 Summarize the descriptive research method used by psychologists True / False Question Module: Module 13 In naturalistic observation, the investigator observes people in a laboratory setting to see their reactions True → False Naturalistic observation is observing naturally occurring behavior anywhere Bloom's: Remembering Difficulty: Easy Learning Outcome: 3.3 Summarize the descriptive research method used by psychologists True / False Question Module: Module 14 The only way psychologists can establish cause-and-effect relationships through research is by carrying out an experiment Full file at https://TestbankDirect.eu/ Page of 17 → True False Experimentation is the only way to determine cause-and-effect relationships Bloom's: Understanding Difficulty: Medium Learning Outcome: 3.4 Summarize the experimental research method used by psychologists True / False Question Module: Module 15 Procedures that subject animals to distress are never permitted in research True → False Procedures that subject animals to distress are permitted only when an alternative procedure is unavailable and when the research is justified by its prospective value Bloom's: Analyzing Difficulty: Medium Learning Outcome: 4.2 Discuss the issues related to testing on animals True / False Question Module: Module 16 Lab rats are used in experiments because they are an exact genetic match with humans True → False Lab rats not have the same genetics, but their genetics are similar enough to gain valuable information Bloom's: Understanding Difficulty: Easy Learning Outcome: 4.2 Discuss the issues related to testing on animals Full file at https://TestbankDirect.eu/ True / False Question Module: Module 17 Experimental bias includes factors that distort the way the independent variable affects the dependent variable in an experiment → True False Test Bank for Psychology and Your Life 2nd Edition by Feldman This is the correct definition of experimental bias Bloom's: Remembering Difficulty: Easy Learning Outcome: 4.3 Identify threats to experimental validity True / False Question Module: Module 18 People typically develop their own hypotheses about what the experimenter hopes to learn from a study → True False People typically form their own opinions regarding the point of a study Bloom's: Understanding Difficulty: Easy Learning Outcome: 4.3 Identify threats to experimental validity Module: Module True / False Question 19 Psychology can be defined as the scientific study of the mind → scientific study of behavior and mental processes scientific study of mental illnesses way to describe events and circumstances Bloom's: Remembering Difficulty: Easy Learning Outcome: 1.1 Define the science of psychology Module: Module Multiple Choice Question 20 Mental processes are how your brain works the firing of the synapses in your brain thoughts, emotions, perceptions, reasoning processes, memories, and biological activities that maintain bodily → functioning skills, levels, and functioning of your brain Multiple Choice Question 21 The goal of psychologists is to describe human behavior and mental processes predict human behavior and mental processes explain human behavior and mental processes Full file at https://TestbankDirect.eu/ Bloom's: Remembering Difficulty: Medium Learning Outcome: 1.1 Define the science of psychology Module: Module Page of 17 → improve human behavior and mental processes All of these are correct Psychologists describe, explain, predict, and improve behavior in every aspect of their jobs Bloom's: Remembering Difficulty: Easy Learning Outcome: 1.1 Define the science of psychology Module: Module Multiple Choice Question 22 Health psychology focuses on how people grow and change throughout their lives → how long-term stress can affect physical health how people perceive, sense, and learn how people develop their unique personalities over time Health psychology is concerned with the relationship between physical ailments and psychological issues Bloom's: Remembering Difficulty: Easy Learning Outcome: 1.2 Describe the subfields of psychology Multiple Choice Question Module: Module 23 Which of the following subfields in psychology focuses on how the brain and the nervous system determine behavior? → Behavioral Neuroscience Experimental Psychology Clinical Psychology Test Bank for Psychology and Your Life 2nd Edition by Feldman Counseling Psychology Full file at https://TestbankDirect.eu/ Behavioral neuroscience focuses on how the brain and nervous system functions as they relate to behavior Bloom's: Remembering Difficulty: Medium Learning Outcome: 1.2 Describe the subfields of psychology Multiple Choice Question Module: Module 24 Which of the following subfields in psychology focuses on the processes of sensing, perceiving, learning, and thinking about the world? Behavioral Neuroscience Clinical Psychology Counseling Psychology → Experimental Psychology Experimental psychology focuses on every aspect of human behavior and cognition Bloom's: Remembering Difficulty: Medium Learning Outcome: 1.2 Describe the subfields of psychology Multiple Choice Question Module: Module 25 Which of the following subfields in psychology focuses on higher mental processes, including thinking, memory, reasoning, problem solving, judging, decision making, and language? → Cognitive Psychology Counseling Psychology Clinical Psychology Experimental Psychology Cognitive psychology focuses on the mental processes of each individual Bloom's: Remembering Difficulty: Medium Learning Outcome: 1.2 Describe the subfields of psychology Multiple Choice Question Module: Module 26 Which of the following subfields in psychology focuses on how people grow and change from the moment of conception through death? Cognitive Psychology → Developmental Psychology Experimental Psychology Counseling Psychology Developmental psychology now focuses on the development of a person from the moment they are conceived throughout the entire lifespan Multiple Choice Question Full file at https://TestbankDirect.eu/ Bloom's: Remembering Difficulty: Medium Learning Outcome: 1.2 Describe the subfields of psychology Module: Module Page of 17 27 Which of the following subfields in psychology focuses on the consistency in people's behavior over time and the traits that differentiate one person from another? Cognitive Psychology Experimental Psychology Developmental Psychology → Personality Psychology Personality psychology deals with how people are different from one another based on their behavior and traits (which are consistent over time) Bloom's: Remembering Difficulty: Medium Learning Outcome: 1.2 Describe the subfields of psychology Multiple Choice Question Module: Module 28 Which of the following subfields in psychology deals with the study, diagnosis, and treatment of psychological disorders? Cognitive Psychology → Clinical Psychology Experimental Psychology Counseling Psychology Clinical psychology focuses on the issues, proper diagnosis, and potential effective treatments within the scope of practice Bloom's: Remembering Difficulty: Medium Learning Outcome: 1.2 Describe the subfields of psychology Multiple Choice Question Module: Module Test Bank for Psychology and Your Life 2nd Edition by Feldman 29 Which of the following subfields in psychology focuses primarily on educational, social, and career adjustment problems? Full filePsychology at https://TestbankDirect.eu/ Cognitive Clinical Psychology Experimental Psychology → Counseling Psychology Counseling psychology works to help people identify and work on their issues Bloom's: Remembering Difficulty: Medium Learning Outcome: 1.2 Describe the subfields of psychology Multiple Choice Question Module: Module 30 Which of the following subfields in psychology applies psychology to the criminal justice system and legal issues? Cognitive Psychology → Forensic Psychology Counseling Psychology Clinical Psychology Forensic psychology focuses on legal issues as they pertain to people with mental illness Bloom's: Remembering Difficulty: Medium Learning Outcome: 1.2 Describe the subfields of psychology Multiple Choice Question Module: Module 31 Which of the following subfields in psychology studies how people's thoughts, feelings, and actions are affected by others? Cognitive Psychology Forensic Psychology → Social Psychology Clinical Psychology Social psychology focuses on the individual within the group setting Bloom's: Remembering Difficulty: Medium Learning Outcome: 1.2 Describe the subfields of psychology Multiple Choice Question Module: Module 32 Which of the following subfields in psychology investigates the similarities and differences in psychological functioning in and across various cultures and ethnic groups? → Cross-Cultural Psychology Diversity Psychology Cognitive Psychology Forensic Psychology Cross-cultural psychology focuses on how people within certain areas and ethnic groups relate and how they can be different from one another Diversity is another term for this, but it is not a subfield of psychology Full file at https://TestbankDirect.eu/ Page of 17 Multiple Choice Question Bloom's: Remembering Difficulty: Medium Learning Outcome: 1.2 Describe the subfields of psychology Module: Module 33 Which of the following subfields in psychology considers how behavior is influenced by our genetic inheritance from our ancestors? Diversity Psychology Cross-Cultural Psychology → Evolutionary Psychology Cognitive Psychology Evolutionary psychology is a rather new field that looks at how our behavior is genetically linked to our ancestors Bloom's: Remembering Difficulty: Medium Learning Outcome: 1.2 Describe the subfields of psychology Module: Module Multiple Choice Question 34 The field of psychology is a limited area of study that becomes narrower each year → a broad field of study that encompasses many different subfields static and unchanging only focused on the mentally ill All of the different subtypes are explained throughout the first chapter and show that psychology is an ever-changing, ever-growing field of study Test Bank for Psychology and Your Life 2nd Edition by Feldman Full file at https://TestbankDirect.eu/ Multiple Choice Question 35 Where are doctoral-level psychologists employed? Universities and Colleges Private Practices Hospitals Counseling Centers → All of these are correct Bloom's: Understanding Difficulty: Easy Learning Outcome: 1.1 Define the science of psychology Module: Module Doctoral-level psychologists work in all of these settings as well as some additional settings Bloom's: Remembering Difficulty: Easy Learning Outcome: 1.3 List the major specialties for working in the field of psychology Multiple Choice Question Module: Module 36 Trephining is the term used to explain how, seven thousand years ago, bumps on a person's skull explained their personality intelligence was transmitted through the brain animal spirits were able to inhabit a person's body → ancient healers chipped a hole in a patient's skull to allow the evil spirits to be released Trephining is the term used to explain how ancient healers chipped a hole in a patient's skull to allow the evil spirits to escape Bloom's: Remembering Difficulty: Medium Learning Outcome: 2.1 Explain the roots of psychology Multiple Choice Question Module: Module 37 The formal beginning of psychology began in Germany and the United States by which two men? Sigmund Freud and Carl Jung → William James and Wilhelm Wundt Sigmund Freud and William James Carl Jung and Wilhelm Wundt William James set up his lab in 1879 in Cambridge, Massachusetts and Wilhelm Wundt set his lab at Leipzig in 1879 They conducted experiments that began the foundation of psychology Bloom's: Understanding Difficulty: Medium Learning Outcome: 2.1 Explain the roots of psychology Multiple Choice Question Module: Module 38 Exploring the fundamental mental components of perception, consciousness, thinking, emotions, and other kinds of mental states and activities defines which theory? → Structuralism Psychodynamics Full file at https://TestbankDirect.eu/ Page of 17 Functionalism Introspection The question is the definition of the theory of structuralism founded by Wilhelm Wundt Bloom's: Remembering Difficulty: Easy Learning Outcome: 2.1 Explain the roots of psychology Multiple Choice Question Module: Module 39 If you were to participate in an experiment that asked you to read words written on a card and then explain how you feel, what procedure would that be called? Structuralism Functionalism → Introspection Introversion Wundt created the concept of introspection where people would experience stimuli and then report what it was all about Wundt felt that we could understand the mind through these explanations Bloom's: Applying Difficulty: Medium Learning Outcome: 2.1 Explain the roots of psychology Multiple Choice Question Module: Module 40 Which approach focused on what the mind does and how behavior functions? Structuralism Functionalism → Test Bank for Psychology and Your Life 2nd Edition by Feldman Introspection Full file at https://TestbankDirect.eu/ Introversion Functionalists focus on what role behavior plays in allowing people to adapt to their environment Thus, it focused on the mind and behavior Bloom's: Remembering Difficulty: Easy Learning Outcome: 2.1 Explain the roots of psychology Multiple Choice Question Module: Module 41 Gestalt psychology emphasizes how perception is organized It focuses on → the whole as opposed to the sum of its parts the minutia that make up a human being the detail that goes into cognitions the likelihood that actions will result in behavior The whole theory of Gestalt psychology is on looking at the whole picture as opposed to the parts that make up the whole Each concept only matters when you put the pieces together Bloom's: Remembering Difficulty: Medium Learning Outcome: 2.1 Explain the roots of psychology Module: Module Multiple Choice Question 42 The five basic perspectives that comprise psychological theory are → Neuroscience, Psychodynamic, Behavioral, Cognitive, and Humanistic Experimental, Gestalt, Introspection, Structuralism, and Functionalism Psychoanalysis, Gestalt, Behavioral, Cognitive, and Functionalism Humanistic, Existential, Cognitive, Behavioral, and Introspection Neuroscience, Psychodynamic, Behavioral, Cognitive, and Humanistic are the only perspectives that are emphasized in modern psychology and treatment Bloom's: Remembering Difficulty: Hard Learning Outcome: 2.2 Discuss today's perspectives on psychology Multiple Choice Question Module: Module 43 Which perspective argues that behavior is motivated by inner forces and conflicts about which we have little awareness or control? Neuroscience → Psychodynamic Cognitive Behavioral Psychodynamic is an offshoot of Freud's psychoanalysis and explores inner forces and conflicts and how these develop and shape behavior Multiple Choice Question Full file at https://TestbankDirect.eu/ Bloom's: Remembering Difficulty: Easy Page of 17 Learning Outcome: 2.2 Discuss today's perspectives on psychology Module: Module 44 Which perspective suggests that the field should focus on observable behavior that can be measured objectively? Neuroscience Psychodynamic Cognitive → Behavioral Behavioral psychology has helped the field come a long way since it forced people to measure behavior from an objective rather than a subjective standpoint like structuralism Bloom's: Remembering Difficulty: Easy Learning Outcome: 2.2 Discuss today's perspectives on psychology Multiple Choice Question Module: Module 45 Which perspective focuses on how people think, understand, and know about the world? Neuroscience Psychodynamic → Cognitive Behavioral The cognitive approach focuses on how people think and perceive the world, which in turn allows many insights into their thinking processes Bloom's: Remembering Test Bank for Psychology and Your Life 2nd Edition by Feldman Difficulty: Easy Learning Outcome: 2.2 Discuss today's perspectives on psychology Multiple Choice Question Module: Module Full file at https://TestbankDirect.eu/ 46 Which perspective suggests that all individuals naturally strive to grow, develop, and be in control of their lives and behaviors? Psychodynamic → Humanistic Cognitive Behavioral The humanistic approach explores the notion that we are all able to seek and reach fulfillment Bloom's: Remembering Difficulty: Easy Learning Outcome: 2.2 Discuss today's perspectives on psychology Module: Module Multiple Choice Question 47 What is free will? A psychological concept involving coaxing of one person to another → Choices made freely by an individual Factors beyond your control Choices made that have no bearing on your future behavior Free will is a philosophical construct that is often discussed in psychology as well It focuses on how much of what you is based on the choices that you make It is opposite of determinism which is focused on factors that are beyond your control Bloom's: Remembering Difficulty: Hard Learning Outcome: 2.2 Discuss today's perspectives on psychology Module: Module Multiple Choice Question 48 What does determinism focus on? The coaxing of one person to another Choices made freely by an individual → Factors beyond your control Choices made that have no bearing on your future behavior Determinism focuses on how much of what you is based on forces that are beyond your control This would allow people to "blame" others or circumstances for some of their behavior It is opposite of free will, which focuses on how much of what you is based on the choices that you make Bloom's: Remembering Difficulty: Hard Learning Outcome: 2.2 Discuss today's perspectives on psychology Multiple Choice Question Module: Module 49 The approach used by psychologists and other scientists to systematically acquire knowledge and understanding about behavior and other phenomena of interest is called the psychological method → the scientific method Full file at https://TestbankDirect.eu/ Page of 17 the factual method the biological method The scientific method is employed in the scientific disciplines in order to maintain integrity in the work that is being studied Bloom's: Remembering Difficulty: Easy Learning Outcome: 3.1 Define the scientific method, and list the steps involved Multiple Choice Question Module: Module 50 The translation of a hypothesis into specific, testable procedures that can be measured and observed is called → an operational definition the scientific method the biological method the factual method An operational definition is the translation of a hypothesis into specific, testable procedures that can be measured and observed This is all part of the research process and is an essential part of research Bloom's: Remembering Difficulty: Medium Learning Outcome: 3.1 Define the scientific method, and list the steps involved Multiple Choice Question Module: Module 51 Descriptive research is an approach designed to systematically investigate a person, group, or patterns of behavior Its methods include archival research Test Bank for Psychology and Your Life 2nd Edition by Feldman naturalistic observation survey research Full file at https://TestbankDirect.eu/ case studies → All of these are correct All of these mentioned types of research are included in descriptive research Each will be performed differently and produce different types of results Bloom's: Remembering Difficulty: Easy Learning Outcome: 3.3 Summarize the descriptive research method used by psychologists Multiple Choice Question Module: Module 52 If we predict that the more years of education that employees have, the higher their income will be, we are expecting to find a → positive correlation negative correlation hypothesis variable This example shows that we positively correlate more education with more money Bloom's: Applying Difficulty: Medium Learning Outcome: 3.3 Summarize the descriptive research method used by psychologists Multiple Choice Question Module: Module 53 An experiment is the only way that psychologists can establish what kind of relationships through research? Negative relationships → Cause-and-effect relationships Positive relationships Correlational relationships The experiment is the only way to prove cause-and-effect relationships out of all of the research methodology Bloom's: Remembering Difficulty: Easy Learning Outcome: 3.2 Describe how psychologists use research to answer questions of interest Multiple Choice Question Module: Module 54 Which of the following is not true regarding ethics in research? Participants have privacy protection regarding their behavior Participation must be completely voluntary Informed consent must be granted before an experiment takes place → Participants may be harmed in the course of an experiment Physical and mental harm cannot be inflicted on participants of a research experiment That is considered unethical Multiple Choice Question Full file at https://TestbankDirect.eu/ Bloom's: Remembering Difficulty: Easy Page 10 of 17 Learning Outcome: 4.1 Explain the major ethical issues that confront psychologists conducting research Module: Module 55 A researcher is conducting an experiment about helping behavior and when the subject comes into the room and offers a less than desirable response he shakes his head no The subject then changes her response and the researcher shakes his head yes The researcher is exhibiting which phenomenon? Control issues → Experimenter bias Exclusionary bias Control bias Offering help to a subject is not only unethical, and will discredit the results, but it is due to a bias that the researcher has about the responses Bloom's: Understanding Difficulty: Medium Learning Outcome: 4.1 Explain the major ethical issues that confront psychologists conducting research Multiple Choice Question Module: Module 56 A procedure in which all the participants receive a treatment, but those in the control group only receive a false treatment, is called → a placebo a lie a psychological anomaly a drug treatment Test Bank for Psychology and Your Life 2nd Edition by Feldman A placebo is a false treatment that is perceived to be real to the person receiving it Therefore, it can have the intended effect withoutFull any real filevalue at https://TestbankDirect.eu/ Bloom's: Remembering Difficulty: Easy Learning Outcome: 4.3 Identify threats to experimental validity Multiple Choice Question Module: Module 57 is the subfield of psychology that mainly examines how the brain and the nervous system determine behavior Behavioral neuroscience Explanation: Neuroscientists consider how our bodies influence our behavior Bloom's: Remembering Difficulty: Medium Learning Outcome: 1.2 Describe the subfields of psychology Fill-in-the-Blank Question Module: Module 58 is the branch of psychology that studies the processes of sensing, perceiving, learning, and thinking about the world Experimental psychology Explanation: Experimental psychology incorporates all of the studies that are conducted to draw conclusions about people and their interactions with the environment Bloom's: Remembering Difficulty: Medium Learning Outcome: 1.2 Describe the subfields of psychology Fill-in-the-Blank Question Module: Module 59 is a subspecialty of experimental psychology that has become a specialty in its own right and it focuses on higher mental processes, including thinking, memory, reasoning, problem solving, judging, decision making, and language Cognitive psychology Explanation: Cognitive psychology focuses on the thinking and thought processes that go into everyday decisions and how these decisions affect our lives Bloom's: Remembering Difficulty: Medium Learning Outcome: 1.2 Describe the subfields of psychology Fill-in-the-Blank Question Module: Module 60 _ is the branch of psychology that studies how people grow and change from the moment of conception through death Developmental psychology Explanation: Developmental psychology focuses on the entire lifespan as opposed to its early interpretations which only focused on Full file at https://TestbankDirect.eu/ Page 11 of 17 birth through puberty Bloom's: Remembering Difficulty: Medium Learning Outcome: 1.2 Describe the subfields of psychology Fill-in-the-Blank Question Module: Module 61 is the branch of psychology that focuses on the consistency in people's behavior over time and the traits that differentiate one person from another Personality psychology Explanation: Personality psychology focuses on normal versus abnormal behavior in our society Bloom's: Remembering Difficulty: Medium Learning Outcome: 1.2 Describe the subfields of psychology Fill-in-the-Blank Question Module: Module 62 explores the relationship between psychological factors and physical ailments or disease Health psychology Explanation: Health psychology focuses on the interactions between physical illnesses and psychological consequences Bloom's: Remembering Difficulty: Medium Test Bank for Psychology and Your Life 2nd Edition by Feldman Learning Outcome: 1.2 Describe the subfields of psychology Fill-in-the-Blank Question Module: Module Full file at https://TestbankDirect.eu/ 63 deals with the study, diagnosis, and treatment of psychological disorders Clinical psychology Explanation: Clinical psychology is comprised of studying behavior, diagnosing it properly, and treating various illnesses through a multitude of methods Bloom's: Remembering Difficulty: Medium Learning Outcome: 1.2 Describe the subfields of psychology Fill-in-the-Blank Question Module: Module 64 _ focuses on educational, social, and career adjustment problems Counseling psychology Explanation: Counseling psychology is the methodology employed to help people with their problems Bloom's: Remembering Difficulty: Medium Learning Outcome: 1.2 Describe the subfields of psychology Fill-in-the-Blank Question Module: Module 65 _ applies psychology to the criminal justice system and legal issues Forensic psychology Explanation: Forensic psychology is a specialization that focuses on people who are facing criminal proceedings Bloom's: Remembering Difficulty: Medium Learning Outcome: 1.2 Describe the subfields of psychology Fill-in-the-Blank Question Module: Module 66 _ is the study of how people's thoughts, feelings, and actions are affected by others Social psychology Explanation: Social psychology is another branch of psychology, but it focuses on how people behave within groups Bloom's: Remembering Difficulty: Medium Learning Outcome: 1.2 Describe the subfields of psychology Fill-in-the-Blank Question Module: Module 67 investigates the similarities and differences in psychological functioning in and across various cultures and ethnic groups Cross-cultural psychology Explanation: Full file at https://TestbankDirect.eu/ Page 12 of 17 Cross-cultural psychology looks at the various ways that cultural diversity play into what is acceptable and what is unacceptable Bloom's: Remembering Difficulty: Medium Learning Outcome: 1.2 Describe the subfields of psychology Fill-in-the-Blank Question Module: Module 68 considers how behavior is influenced by our genetic inheritance from our ancestors Evolutionary psychology Explanation: Evolutionary psychology focuses on chemical traits as well as behaviors that have held the key to human survival Bloom's: Remembering Difficulty: Medium Learning Outcome: 1.2 Describe the subfields of psychology Fill-in-the-Blank Question Module: Module 69 seeks to understand how we might inherit certain behavioral traits and how the environment influences whether we actually display such traits Behavioral genetics Explanation: Behavioral genetics focuses on biological mechanisms, such as chromosomes and genes that enable inherited behavior to unfold Test Bank for Psychology and Your Life 2nd Edition by Feldman Bloom's: Remembering Difficulty: Medium Full file at https://TestbankDirect.eu/ Learning Outcome: 1.2 Describe the subfields of psychology Fill-in-the-Blank Question Module: Module 70 focuses on the origin of psychological disorders in biological factors such as the structure and chemistry of the brain Clinical neuropsychology Explanation: Clinical neuropsychology studies the processes of the brain so that we can determine how certain mechanisms interact with one another to cause reactions Bloom's: Remembering Difficulty: Medium Learning Outcome: 1.2 Describe the subfields of psychology Fill-in-the-Blank Question Module: Module 71 The perspective considers how people and nonhumans function biologically: how individual nerve cells are joined together, how the inheritance of certain characteristics from parents and other ancestors influence behavior, how the functioning of the body affects hopes and fears, and which behaviors are instinctual Neuroscience Explanation: Neuroscience focuses on humans and nonhumans and their biological connections and reactions Bloom's: Remembering Difficulty: Medium Learning Outcome: 2.2 Discuss today's perspectives on psychology Fill-in-the-Blank Question Module: Module 72 Nature and nurture have been proven to contribute to behavior _ is also known as heredity Nature Explanation: Nature is what you have genetically been given by your biological relatives Bloom's: Remembering Difficulty: Easy Learning Outcome: 2.4 Summarize psychology's key issues and controversies Fill-in-the-Blank Question Module: Module 73 Nature and nurture have been proven to contribute to behavior is also known as environment Nurture Explanation: Nurture is the environment in which you grow up Fill-in-the-Blank Question Bloom's: Remembering Difficulty: Easy Learning Outcome: 2.4 Summarize psychology's key issues and controversies Module: Module Full file at https://TestbankDirect.eu/ Page 13 of 17 74 Behavior that is produced by forces of which we are fully aware is known as behavior conscious Explanation: Conscious means being aware Bloom's: Remembering Difficulty: Easy Learning Outcome: 2.4 Summarize psychology's key issues and controversies Fill-in-the-Blank Question Module: Module 75 Behavior that is produced by forces of which we are not fully aware is known as behavior unconscious Explanation: Unconscious means we are not aware Bloom's: Remembering Difficulty: Easy Learning Outcome: 2.4 Summarize psychology's key issues and controversies Fill-in-the-Blank Question Module: Module 76 _ are behaviors, events, or other characteristics that can change or vary in some way Variables Explanation: Variables are the items that are being studied in research Test Bank for Psychology and Your Life 2nd Edition by Feldman Bloom's: Remembering Difficulty: Easy Learning Outcome: 3.3 Summarize the descriptive research method used by psychologists Fill-in-the-Blank Question Module: Module 77 are broad explanations and predictions concerning phenomena of interest Full file at https://TestbankDirect.eu/ Theories Explanation: Theories are the foundation for psychology and scientific information Bloom's: Remembering Difficulty: Easy Learning Outcome: 3.1 Define the scientific method, and list the steps involved Fill-in-the-Blank Question Module: Module 78 A(n) is a prediction stated in a way that allows a theory to be tested (an educated guess about the outcome) hypothesis Explanation: A hypothesis is just an educated guess based on your knowledge about the future outcome of a particular theory Bloom's: Remembering Difficulty: Easy Learning Outcome: 3.1 Define the scientific method, and list the steps involved Fill-in-the-Blank Question Module: Module 79 In a experiment, the researcher investigates the relationship between two (or more) variables by deliberately changing one variable in a controlled situation and observing the effects of that change on other aspects of the situation formal Explanation: A formal experiment is necessary to look at the relationships between variables Bloom's: Remembering Difficulty: Medium Learning Outcome: 3.4 Summarize the experimental research method used by psychologists Fill-in-the-Blank Question Module: Module 80 The change that the researcher deliberately makes in an experiment is called the experimental manipulation Explanation: An experimental manipulation detects relationships between variables Fill-in-the-Blank Question 81 Bloom's: Remembering Difficulty: Medium Learning Outcome: 3.4 Summarize the experimental research method used by psychologists Module: Module Full file at https://TestbankDirect.eu/ Page 14 of 17 A correlation indicates that as the value of one variable increases, we can predict that the value of the other variable will also increase positive Explanation: The nature of a positive correlation is that the value increases in both variables Bloom's: Remembering Difficulty: Medium Learning Outcome: 3.3 Summarize the descriptive research method used by psychologists Fill-in-the-Blank Question Module: Module 82 Researchers strive to avoid causing physical discomfort, but they are also required to promote the well-being of some species of research animals psychological Explanation: There is more to ethics in research than physical pain Bloom's: Understanding Difficulty: Medium Learning Outcome: 4.2 Discuss the issues related to testing on animals Fill-in-the-Blank Question Module: Module 83 Examine the following statement and explain what it means: Psychology is the scientific study of behavior and mental processes Test Bank for Psychology and Your Life 2nd Edition by Feldman Explanation: Full file at https://TestbankDirect.eu/ The phrase behavior and mental processes means many things: it encompasses not just what people but also their thoughts, emotions, perceptions, reasoning processes, memories, and even the biological activities that maintain bodily functioning Psychologists try to describe, predict, and explain human behavior and mental processes, as well as helping to change and improve the lives of people and the world in which they live They use scientific methods to find answers that are far more valid and legitimate than those resulting from intuition and speculation, which are often inaccurate Short Answer Question 84 Describe two of the subfields in psychology in great detail Bloom's: Analyzing Difficulty: Medium Learning Outcome: 1.1 Define the science of psychology Module: Module Explanation: Behavioral Genetics Behavioral neuroscience Clinical psychology Clinical neuropsychology Cognitive psychology Counseling psychology Cross-cultural psychology Developmental psychology Educational psychology Environmental psychology Evolutionary psychology Experimental psychology Forensic psychology Health psychology Industrial/organizational psychology Personality psychology Program evaluation Behavioral genetics studies the inheritance of traits related to behavior Behavioral neuroscience examines the biological basis of behavior Clinical psychology deals with the study, diagnosis, and treatment of psychological disorders Clinical neuropsychology unites the areas of biopsychology and clinical psychology, focusing on the relationship between biological factors and psychological disorders Cognitive psychology focuses on the study of higher mental processes Counseling psychology focuses primarily on educational, social, and career adjustment problems Cross-cultural psychology investigates the similarities and differences in psychological functioning in and across various cultures and ethnic groups Developmental psychology examines how people grow and change from the moment of conception through death Educational psychology is concerned with teaching and learning processes, such as the relationship between motivation and school performance Environmental psychology considers the relationship between people and their physical environment Evolutionary psychology considers how behavior is influenced by our genetic inheritance from our ancestors Experimental psychology studies the processes of sensing, perceiving, learning, and thinking about the world Forensic psychology focuses on legal issues, such as determining the accuracy of witness memories Health psychology explores the relationship between psychological factors and physical ailments or disease Industrial/organizational psychology is concerned with the psychology of the workplace Personality psychology focuses on the consistency in people's behavior over time and the traits that differentiate one person from another Program evaluation focuses on assessing large-scale programs, such as the Head Start preschool program, to determine whether they are affective in meeting their goals Psychology of women Full file at https://TestbankDirect.eu/ Page 15 of 17 School psychology Social psychology Sport psychology Psychology of women focuses on issues such as discrimination against women and the causes of violence against women School psychology is devoted to counseling children in elementary and secondary schools who have academic or emotional problems Social psychology is the study of how people's thoughts, feelings, and actions are affected by others Sport psychology applies psychology to athletic activity and exercise Bloom's: Understanding Difficulty: Easy Learning Outcome: 1.2 Describe the subfields of psychology Short Answer Question Module: Module 85 Compare and contrast clinical psychology and counseling psychology Explanation: Clinical psychology deals with the study, diagnosis, and treatment of psychological disorders Clinical psychologists are trained to diagnose and treat problems that range from the crises of everyday life, such as unhappiness over the breakup of a relationship, to more extreme conditions, such as profound, lingering depression Like clinical psychologists, counseling psychologists deal with people's psychological problems, but the problems they deal with are more specific Counseling psychology focuses primarily on educational, social, and career adjustment problems Many large business organizations employ counseling psychologists to help employees with work-related problems Test Bank for Psychology and Your Life 2nd Edition by Feldman Bloom's: Analyzing Difficulty: Hard Full file at https://TestbankDirect.eu/ Learning Outcome: 1.2 Describe the subfields of psychology Short Answer Question Module: Module 86 Why is it significant that there are so few minorities in the field of psychology? Explanation: The field of psychology is diminished by a lack of the diverse perspectives and talents that minority-group members can provide Minority-group psychologists serve as role models for members of their communities Their lack of representation might discourage members from that group from seeking help Bloom's: Applying Difficulty: Easy Learning Outcome: 1.3 List the major specialties for working in the field of psychology Short Answer Question Module: Module 87 Describe the basic goals of psychology and include examples of each goal Explanation: The basic goals of psychology are to describe, predict, explain human behavior and mental processes, as well as improve the lives of people When you describe behavior you are setting up the stage for reasonable and acceptable explanations for why people what they The best predictor of future behavior is past behavior, so, you want to know how people have responded in the past to know how they will likely behave in the future You need to explain behavior and mental processes so that someone else can have insight into your world Finally, the most important aspect is to help improve people's lives The whole concept of psychology is to identify and treat problems so that people experience more fulfilling lives Bloom's: Understanding Difficulty: Easy Learning Outcome: 1.1 Define the science of psychology Short Answer Question Module: Module 88 Explain how women influenced psychology in its early stages Make sure you include at least two influential women in your response Explanation: The answer should discuss how women were also part of the research and development of psychology, but were unable to make headway because they were women They can discuss Anna Freud, Mary Calkins, Karen Horney, Margaret Floy Washburn, Leta Stetter Hollingsworth, June Etta Downey, or Mamie Phipps Clark Short Answer Question Full file at https://TestbankDirect.eu/ Bloom's: Understanding Difficulty: Medium Learning Outcome: 2.1 Explain the roots of psychology Module: Module Page 16 of 17 89 Explain why over time psychologists challenged Wilhelm Wundt's approach Explanation: The answer would include how psychologists were dissatisfied with the assumption that introspection could reveal the structure of the mind It was not a scientific technique and that ruined the credibility of the approach People had a difficult time expressing themselves as well Short Answer Question 90 Explain the differences between free will and determinism Bloom's: Understanding Difficulty: Medium Learning Outcome: 2.1 Explain the roots of psychology Module: Module Explanation: Free will is a humanistic concept which focuses on the ability to freely make decisions about one's own behavior and life Determinism is the opposite of free will and says that behavior is caused, or determined, by things beyond a person's control Bloom's: Understanding Difficulty: Medium Learning Outcome: 2.2 Discuss today's perspectives on psychology Test Bank for Psychology and Your Life 2nd Edition by Feldman Short Answer Question Module: Module 91 Explain the nature versus nurture debate and give an example of each Full file at https://TestbankDirect.eu/ Explanation: Nature = heredity and Nurture = environment The nature versus nurture debate looks at how the environment and heredity interact to create a person's personality and behavior In the past it was believed that a person's behavior was due to either nature or nurture, but now the thinking is geared towards the fact that it is a combination of both that make a person who they are and how they behave People can overcome their environment if brought up in a bad situation or turn out to be less than desirable if brought up in a solid environment Examples can include any of the above or something that incorporates these answers into personal examples Bloom's: Understanding Difficulty: Easy Learning Outcome: 2.4 Summarize psychology's key issues and controversies Short Answer Question Module: Module 92 Explain the differences between conscious and unconscious causes of behavior and give an example of each Explanation: Conscious behavior is produced by forces of which we are fully aware and unconscious activities are mental processes that are not accessible to the conscious mind An example of conscious behavior would be to eat when we are hungry An example of unconscious behavior would be being an abuser when you have been abused as a child Bloom's: Understanding Difficulty: Hard Learning Outcome: 2.4 Summarize psychology's key issues and controversies Short Answer Question Module: Module 93 Explain the information processing theory in full detail Explanation: The answer should discuss how cognitive psychologists use the information processing theory to compare human minds to computers It discusses how we take in information, transform it, store it, and then retrieve it when necessary The answer can talk about the specifics of the computer and the brain Bloom's: Understanding Difficulty: Easy Learning Outcome: 2.2 Discuss today's perspectives on psychology Short Answer Question Module: Module 94 What is the difference between observable behavior and internal mental processes? Explanation: Full file at https://TestbankDirect.eu/ Page 17 of 17 Observable behavior is behavior that can be seen by others and thus measured Internal mental processes are what is going on inside a person's head and cannot be seen, but guide behavior Depending on the perspective that you follow will determine how important each aspect is to you For example, if you are a behaviorist, then you will only focus on the observable behavior that you can actually see If you follow the cognitive perspective, then you will be more interested in the internal mental processes that shape behavior You will have to rely on an explanation from the person to see what the thought process actually looks like Bloom's: Understanding Difficulty: Easy Learning Outcome: 2.4 Summarize psychology's key issues and controversies Short Answer Question Module: Module 95 What is the central theme in the debate about individual differences versus universal principles? Explanation: The answer will focus on how much of our behavior is a consequence of our unique and special qualities, and how much reflects the culture and society in which we live? How much of our behavior is universally human? Bloom's: Understanding Difficulty: Hard Learning Outcome: 2.4 Summarize psychology's key issues and controversies Short Answer Question Module: Module 96 What are the four main steps in the scientific method? Test Bank for Psychology and Your Life 2nd Edition by Feldman Explanation: Full file at https://TestbankDirect.eu/ The four main steps are (1) identifying questions of interest, (2) formulating an explanation, (3) carrying out research designed to support or refute the explanation, and (4) communicating the findings Bloom's: Remembering Difficulty: Easy Learning Outcome: 3.1 Define the scientific method, and list the steps involved Short Answer Question Module: Module 97 Explain what an experiment is and how you would go about conducting one Explanation: In an experiment, the researcher investigates the relationship between two (or more) variables by deliberately changing one variable in a controlled situation and observing the effects of that change on the other aspects of the situation The answer can include the concept of experimental manipulation, treatment, experimental groups, control groups, independent and dependent variables, replication, and random assignment of participants Bloom's: Understanding Difficulty: Hard Learning Outcome: 3.4 Summarize the experimental research method used by psychologists Short Answer Question Module: Module 98 Formulate an argument in favor of animal research Explanation: The answer is that psychological research that does employ nonhumans is designed to answer questions different from those posed in research with humans For example, the shorter life span of animals (rats live an average of two years) allows researchers to learn about the effects of aging in a relatively short time frame It is also possible to provide greater experimental control over nonhumans and to carry out procedures that might not be possible with people For example, some studies require large numbers of participants that share similar backgrounds or have been exposed to particular environments—conditions that could not practically be met with human beings Research with animals has provided psychologists with information that has benefited humans in important ways For instance, it furnished the keys to detecting eye disorders in children early enough to prevent permanent damage; to communicating more effectively with children with severely intellectual disabilities; and to reducing chronic pain in people Still, the use of research using nonhumans is controversial, involving complex moral and philosophical concerns Consequently, all research involving nonhumans must be carefully reviewed beforehand to ensure that it is conducted ethically (Saucier & Cain, 2006; Hackam, 2007; Shankar & Simmons, 2009) Short Answer Question Bloom's: Analyzing Difficulty: Hard Learning Outcome: 4.2 Discuss the issues related to testing on animals Module: Module Full file at https://TestbankDirect.eu/ ... Neuroscience Experimental Psychology Clinical Psychology Test Bank for Psychology and Your Life 2nd Edition by Feldman Counseling Psychology Full file at https://TestbankDirect.eu/ Behavioral... what it means: Psychology is the scientific study of behavior and mental processes Test Bank for Psychology and Your Life 2nd Edition by Feldman Explanation: Full file at https://TestbankDirect.eu/... chromosomes and genes that enable inherited behavior to unfold Test Bank for Psychology and Your Life 2nd Edition by Feldman Bloom's: Remembering Difficulty: Medium Full file at https://TestbankDirect.eu/