Test bank for probation and parole 12th edition by abadinsky

Test Bank for Probation and Parole 12th Edition by Abadinsky Full file at https://TestbankDirect.eu/Test-Bank-for-Probation-and-Parole-12th-Edition-by-Abadin TEST BANK CHAPTER Probation and Parole in Criminal Justice Chapter Multiple Choice According to Henrichson and Delaney (2012), what is the annual per inmate cost to house the over 1.5 million prisoners in the United States? a $15,000 b $30,000 c $45,000 d $60,000 Answer: b Objective: Understand why reducing prison populations by keeping out or releasing early “nonviolent offenders” is a dubious policy Page number: Level: Basic What metaphor is used to describe life imprisonment for those convicted of a third felony? a truth in sentencing b life without parole c three strikes and you’re out d none of the above Answer: c Objective: Understand the contradictory goals and competing expectations of American criminal justice Page number: 3-4 Level: Basic Which term refers to the reduction of time served in prison as a reward for not violating prison rules? a good time b parole c probation d early release Answer: a Objective: Understand the contradictory goals and competing expectations of American criminal justice Page number: Level: Basic Of the three components of the criminal justice system (police, courts and corrections), which receives a disproportionate share of the criminal justice budget? a police b courts c corrections d They all receive equal shares 38 Full file at https://TestbankDirect.eu/Test-Bank-for-Probation-and-Parole-12th-Edition-by-Abadin Test Bank for Probation and Parole 12th Edition by Abadinsky Full file at https://TestbankDirect.eu/Test-Bank-for-Probation-and-Parole-12th-Edition-by-Abadin Answer: a Objective: Discuss why the system of criminal justice in the United States is not systematic Page number: Level: Basic Which of the following is considered a crime? a any immoral act b any violation of the criminal law c any act that harms someone else d all of the above Answer: b Objective: Understand the contradictory goals and competing expectations of American criminal justice Page number: Level: Basic Which of the following is considered a criminal? a any person who commits an immoral act b any person who is convicted of a crime c any person who is accused of a crime d all of the above Answer: b Objective: Understand the contradictory goals and competing expectations of American criminal justice Page number: Level: Basic What period refers to an outgrowth of the European Enlightenment during the eighteenth century where adherents rejected spiritualism and religious explanations for criminal behavior? a Neoclassicalism b Positivism c Classicalism d Renaissance Answer: b Objective: Distinguish the classical view from the positive view of crime and criminal behavior Page number: Level: Basic What is the Latin term for “guilty mind” and meaning the intent necessary to establish criminal responsibility? a nolle prosequi b nolo contendere c mens rea d actus reus Answer: c Objective: Discuss why the system of criminal justice in the United States is not 39 Full file at https://TestbankDirect.eu/Test-Bank-for-Probation-and-Parole-12th-Edition-by-Abadin Test Bank for Probation and Parole 12th Edition by Abadinsky Full file at https://TestbankDirect.eu/Test-Bank-for-Probation-and-Parole-12th-Edition-by-Abadin systematic Page number: 10 Level: Basic What classical approach encompasses such mitigating factors as age and prior record? a Neoclassicalism b Positivism c Classicalism d Renaissance Answer: a Objective: Distinguish the classical view from the positive view of crime and criminal behavior Page number: 11 Level: Basic 10 Which of the following attempts to explain the cause of crime and offers a basis for rehabilitating criminals? a Neoclassicalism b Positivism c Classicalism d Renaissance Answer: b Objective: Distinguish the classical view from the positive view of crime and criminal behavior Page number: 11 Level: Basic 11 Which level of evidence is necessary for the police to arrest a suspect for a crime? a clear and convincing evidence b preponderance of evidence c probable cause d beyond a reasonable doubt Answer: c Objective: Explain how the criminal law and its enforcement reflect distinctions in power Page number: 13 Level: Basic 12 Which level of evidence is necessary to establish guilt in a criminal trial? a clear and convincing evidence b preponderance of evidence c probable cause d beyond a reasonable doubt Answer: d Objective: Explain how the criminal law and its enforcement reflect distinctions in power Page number: 14 Level: Basic 40 Full file at https://TestbankDirect.eu/Test-Bank-for-Probation-and-Parole-12th-Edition-by-Abadin Test Bank for Probation and Parole 12th Edition by Abadinsky Full file at https://TestbankDirect.eu/Test-Bank-for-Probation-and-Parole-12th-Edition-by-Abadin 13 Which level of evidence is used in extraordinary civil cases such as commitment and child custody? a clear and convincing evidence b preponderance of evidence c probable cause d beyond a reasonable doubt Answer: a Objective: Understand the contradictory goals and competing expectations of American criminal justice Page number: 14 Level: Basic 14 Which level of evidence is used in probation and parole revocation hearings? a clear and convincing evidence b preponderance of evidence c probable cause d beyond a reasonable doubt Answer: b Objective: Understand the contradictory goals and competing expectations of American criminal justice Page number: 14 Level: Basic 15 What is a plea bargain? a a written confession obtained by the police or prosecutor b an initial pleading at arraignment c a decision by the prosecutor declining to persecute a defendant d a legal transaction in which a defendant pleads guilty in exchange for some form of leniency Answer: d Objective: Explain why most convicted offenders are not imprisoned Page number: 15 Level: Basic 16 Which Amendment to the U.S Constitution allows each side in a criminal trial to subpoena witnesses to present testimony and can cross-examine adverse witnesses? a First b Third c Fifth d Sixth Answer: d Objective: Explain how the criminal law and its enforcement reflect distinctions in power Page number: 15 Level: Basic 41 Full file at https://TestbankDirect.eu/Test-Bank-for-Probation-and-Parole-12th-Edition-by-Abadin Test Bank for Probation and Parole 12th Edition by Abadinsky Full file at https://TestbankDirect.eu/Test-Bank-for-Probation-and-Parole-12th-Edition-by-Abadin 17 Which of the following refers to a wrongful act or deed? a mens rea b nolo contendere c nolle prosequi d actus reus Answer: d Objective: Understand the contradictory goals and competing expectations of American criminal justice Page number: 15 Level: Basic 18 Which Amendment to the U.S Constitution prohibits a defendant from being tried a second time for the same offense after he has already been found not guilty? a First b Third c Fifth d Sixth Answer: d Objective: Explain how the criminal law and its enforcement reflect distinctions in power Page number: 15 Level: Basic Comment [CC1]: Are we worried about being gender neutral? (he or she) 19 Which of the following is a punishment dimension that expresses society’s disapproval of criminal behavior? a restitution b rehabilitation c deterrence d retribution Answer: d Objective: Explain how the criminal law and its enforcement reflect distinctions in power Page number: 16 Level: Basic 20 Which of the following reduces the opportunity for further criminal behavior by imprisonment? a restitution b rehabilitation c deterrence d incapacitation Answer: d Objective: Explain how the criminal law and its enforcement reflect distinctions in power Page number: 16 Level: Basic 42 Full file at https://TestbankDirect.eu/Test-Bank-for-Probation-and-Parole-12th-Edition-by-Abadin Test Bank for Probation and Parole 12th Edition by Abadinsky Full file at https://TestbankDirect.eu/Test-Bank-for-Probation-and-Parole-12th-Edition-by-Abadin 21 Which of the following is a belief that punishment will reduce the likelihood of future criminal behavior either by the particular offender or by others who fear similar punishment? a restitution b rehabilitation c deterrence d retribution Answer: c Objective: Understand why prevention of recidivism is difficult to determine Page number: 16 Level: Basic 22 Which of the following is a belief that by providing services – social, psychological, educational, or vocational – an offender will be less likely to commit future crimes? a restitution b rehabilitation c deterrence d retribution Answer: b Objective: Understand why prevention of recidivism is difficult to determine Page number: 16 Level: Basic 23 Which of the following is a repayment by an offender to the victim or to society in money or services for the harm committed? a restitution b rehabilitation c deterrence d retribution Answer: a Objective: Understand why prevention of recidivism is difficult to determine Page number: 16 Level: Basic 24 Which Amendment to the U.S Constitution prohibits the prosecutor from appealing an acquittal? a First b Third c Fifth d Sixth Answer: c Objective: Explain how the criminal law and its enforcement reflect distinctions in power Page number: 16 Level: Basic 43 Full file at https://TestbankDirect.eu/Test-Bank-for-Probation-and-Parole-12th-Edition-by-Abadin Test Bank for Probation and Parole 12th Edition by Abadinsky Full file at https://TestbankDirect.eu/Test-Bank-for-Probation-and-Parole-12th-Edition-by-Abadin 25 Which of the following is a legal document challenging custody and designed to force authorities holding a prisoner to produce him and justify the custody (often used as an alternate method of appealing a conviction)? a affidavit b habeas corpus c presumptive waiver d presumptive sentence Answer: b Objective: Explain how the criminal law and its enforcement reflect distinctions Page number: 17 Level: Basic Chapter True-False “Good time” is a term used in the field of criminal justice to refer to the reduction of time served in prison as the result of a plea bargain a True b False Answer: b Objective: Understand why reducing prison populations by keeping out or releasing early “nonviolent offenders” is a dubious policy Page number: 3-4 Level: Basic Lex talionis, or “an eye for an eye”, is a primitive system of vengeance that emerged and was passed down from generation to generation a True b False Answer: a Objective: Explain how the criminal law and its enforcement reflect distinctions in power Page number: Level: Basic According to National Crime Victimization Surveys, most crimes are never reported a True b False Answer: a Objective: Discuss why the system of criminal justice in the United States is not systematic Page number: Level: Basic Classicalism is an outgrowth of Enlightenment philosophy that stresses free will and equality before law and provides a basis for determinate sentencing a True b False 44 Full file at https://TestbankDirect.eu/Test-Bank-for-Probation-and-Parole-12th-Edition-by-Abadin Test Bank for Probation and Parole 12th Edition by Abadinsky Full file at https://TestbankDirect.eu/Test-Bank-for-Probation-and-Parole-12th-Edition-by-Abadin Answer: a Objective: Distinguish the classical view from the positive view of crime and criminal behavior Page number: Level: Basic Mens rea is the Latin term for “guilty mind” and meaning the intent necessary to establish criminal responsibility a True b False Answer: a Objective: Understand the contradictory goals and competing expectations of American criminal justice Page number: 10 Level: Basic Positivism is the classical approach that encompasses such mitigating factors as age and prior record a True b False Answer: b Objective: Distinguish the classical view from the positive view of crime and criminal behavior Page number: 11 Level: Basic Neoclassical approach refers to a method for examining and understanding social behavior a True b False Answer: b Objective: Distinguish the classical view from the positive view of crime and criminal behavior Page number: 11 Level: Basic “Beyond a reasonable doubt” is the level of evidence necessary for the police to arrest a suspect for a crime a True b False Answer: b Objective: Understand the contradictory goals and competing expectations of American criminal justice Page number: 13 Level: Basic “Probable cause” is the level of evidence is necessary to establish guilt in a criminal trial a True b False 45 Full file at https://TestbankDirect.eu/Test-Bank-for-Probation-and-Parole-12th-Edition-by-Abadin Test Bank for Probation and Parole 12th Edition by Abadinsky Full file at https://TestbankDirect.eu/Test-Bank-for-Probation-and-Parole-12th-Edition-by-Abadin Answer: b Objective: Understand the contradictory goals and competing expectations of American criminal justice Page number: 14 Level: Basic 10 “Clear and convincing evidence” is the level of evidence used in extraordinary civil cases such as commitment and child custody a True b False Answer: a Objective: Understand the contradictory goals and competing expectations of American criminal justice Page number: 14 Level: Basic 11 “Preponderance of evidence” is the level of evidence is used in probation and parole revocation hearings a True b False Answer: a Objective: Understand the contradictory goals and competing expectations of American criminal justice Page number: 14 Level: Basic 12 Regardless of time of day, or day of week, pretrial court appearances are always held immediately following the arrest a True b False Answer: b Objective: Discuss why the system of criminal justice in the United States is not systematic Page number: 14 Level: Basic 13 Approximately 85 to 95 percent of all criminal convictions are the result of a guilty plea and most guilty pleas are the result of plea bargains a True b False Answer: a Objective: Explain why most convicted offenders are not imprisoned Page number: 15 Level: Basic 46 Full file at https://TestbankDirect.eu/Test-Bank-for-Probation-and-Parole-12th-Edition-by-Abadin Test Bank for Probation and Parole 12th Edition by Abadinsky Full file at https://TestbankDirect.eu/Test-Bank-for-Probation-and-Parole-12th-Edition-by-Abadin 14 The Fourth Amendment to the U.S Constitution allows each side in a criminal trial to subpoena witnesses to present testimony and cross-examine adverse witnesses a True b False Answer: b Objective: Understand the contradictory goals and competing expectations of American criminal justice Page number: 15 Level: Basic 15 The Sixth Amendment to the U.S Constitution prohibits a defendant from being tried a second time for the same offense after he has already been found not guilty a True b False Answer: a Objective: Understand the contradictory goals and competing expectations of American criminal justice Page number: 15 Level: Basic 16 Restitution reduces the opportunity for further criminal behavior by imprisonment a True b False Answer: b Objective: Understand the contradictory goals and competing expectations of American criminal justice Page number: 16 Level: Basic 17 Incapacitation is a belief that punishment will reduce the likelihood of future criminal behavior either by the particular offender or by others who fear similar punishment a True b False Answer: b Objective: Understand the contradictory goals and competing expectations of American criminal justice Page number: 16 Level: Basic 18 Rehabilitation is a belief that by providing services – social, psychological, educational, or vocational – an offender will be less likely to commit future crimes a True b False Answer: a Objective: Understand the contradictory goals and competing expectations of American criminal justice Page number: 16 Level: Basic 47 Full file at https://TestbankDirect.eu/Test-Bank-for-Probation-and-Parole-12th-Edition-by-Abadin Test Bank for Probation and Parole 12th Edition by Abadinsky Full file at https://TestbankDirect.eu/Test-Bank-for-Probation-and-Parole-12th-Edition-by-Abadin 19 Restitution is a repayment by an offender to the victim or to society in money or services for the harm committed a True b False Answer: a Objective: Understand the contradictory goals and competing expectations of American criminal justice Page number: 16 Level: Basic 20 “Habeas corpus” is a legal document challenging custody and designed to force authorities holding a prisoner to produce him and justify the custody (often used as an alternate method of appealing a conviction) a True b False Answer: a Objective: Explain how the criminal law and its enforcement reflect distinctions in power Page number: 17 Level: Basic Chapter Fill in the Blank Of the three components of the criminal justice system (police, courts and corrections), the _ component receives a disproportionate share of the criminal justice budget Answer: police Objective: Understand the contradictory goals and competing expectations of American criminal justice Page number: Level: Basic A crime is any violation of the _ law Answer: criminal Objective: Understand the contradictory goals and competing expectations of American criminal justice Page number: Level: Basic A criminal is any person who is of a crime Answer: convicted Objective: Understand the contradictory goals and competing expectations of American criminal justice Page number: Level: Basic 48 Full file at https://TestbankDirect.eu/Test-Bank-for-Probation-and-Parole-12th-Edition-by-Abadin Test Bank for Probation and Parole 12th Edition by Abadinsky Full file at https://TestbankDirect.eu/Test-Bank-for-Probation-and-Parole-12th-Edition-by-Abadin is the Latin term for “guilty mind” and means the intent necessary to establish criminal responsibility Answer: Mens rea Objective: Understand the contradictory goals and competing expectations of American criminal justice Page number: 10 Level: Basic is the classical approach that encompasses such mitigating factors as age and prior record Answer: Neoclassicalism Objective: Distinguish the classical view from the positive view of crime and criminal behavior Page number: 11 Level: Basic The level of evidence necessary for the police to arrest a suspect for a crime is Answer: probable cause Objective: Explain how the criminal law and its enforcement reflect distinctions in power Page number: 13 Level: Basic The level of evidence necessary to establish guilt in a criminal trial is Answer: beyond a reasonable doubt Objective: Explain how the criminal law and its enforcement reflect distinctions in power Page number: 14 Level: Basic The level of evidence used in extraordinary civil cases such as commitment and child custody is Answer: clear and convincing evidence Objective: Explain how the criminal law and its enforcement reflect distinctions in power Page number: 14 Level: Basic The level of evidence used in probation and parole revocation hearings is Answer: preponderance of evidence Objective: Explain how the criminal law and its enforcement reflect distinctions in power Page number: 14 Level: Basic 10 A legal transaction in which a defendant pleads guilty in exchange for some form of leniency is a(n) Answer: plea bargain 49 Full file at https://TestbankDirect.eu/Test-Bank-for-Probation-and-Parole-12th-Edition-by-Abadin Test Bank for Probation and Parole 12th Edition by Abadinsky Full file at https://TestbankDirect.eu/Test-Bank-for-Probation-and-Parole-12th-Edition-by-Abadin Objective: Explain how the criminal law and its enforcement reflect distinctions in power Page number: 15 Level: Basic 11 The Amendment to the U.S Constitution allows each side in a criminal trial to subpoena witnesses to present testimony and cross-examine adverse witnesses Answer: Sixth Objective: Explain how the criminal law and its enforcement reflect distinctions in power Page number: 15 Level: Basic 12 The Amendment to the U.S Constitution prohibits a defendant from being tried a second time for the same offense after he has already been found not guilty Answer: Sixth Objective: Explain how the criminal law and its enforcement reflect distinctions in power Page number: 15 Level: Basic 13 is the act of giving money or services to the victim by the offender, often imposed as a condition of probation Answer: restitution Objective: Understand the contradictory goals and competing expectations of American criminal justice Page number: 16 Level: Basic 14 is a punishment dimension that expresses society’s disapproval of criminal behavior Answer: Retribution Objective: Understand the contradictory goals and competing expectations of American criminal justice Page number: 16 Level: Basic 15 is a belief that by providing services – social, psychological, educational, or vocational – an offender will be less likely to commit future crimes Answer: Rehabilitation Objective: Understand the contradictory goals and competing expectations of American criminal justice Page number: 16 Level: Basic 50 Full file at https://TestbankDirect.eu/Test-Bank-for-Probation-and-Parole-12th-Edition-by-Abadin Test Bank for Probation and Parole 12th Edition by Abadinsky Full file at https://TestbankDirect.eu/Test-Bank-for-Probation-and-Parole-12th-Edition-by-Abadin Chapter Matching Neoclassicalism Positivism Classicalism Retribution Incapacitation Deterrence Rehabilitation Restitution Lex talionis 10 Mens rea 11 Actus reus 12 Habeas corpus a classical approach that encompasses such mitigating factors as age and prior record b an outgrowth of the European Enlightenment during the eighteenth century where adherents rejected spiritualism and religious explanations for criminal behavior c attempts to explain the cause of crime and offers a basis for rehabilitating criminals d belief that by providing services – social, psychological, educational, or vocational – an offender will be less likely to commit future crimes e repayment by an offender to the victim or to society in money or services for the harm committed f punishment dimension that expresses society’s disapproval of criminal behavior g reduces opportunity for further criminal behavior by imprisonment h belief that punishment will reduce the likelihood of future criminal behavior either by the particular offender or by others in society who fear similar punishment h a legal document challenging custody and designed to force authorities holding a prisoner to produce him and justify the custody i a wrongful deed or act j the intent necessary to establish criminal responsibility (guilty mind) k a primitive system of vengeance that was passed down from generation to generation a (page 11) c (page 11) b (page 9) f (page 16) g (page 16) h (page 16) d (page 16) e (page 16) k (page 8) 10 j (page 10) 11 i (page 15) 12 h (page 17) Level: Basic 51 Full file at https://TestbankDirect.eu/Test-Bank-for-Probation-and-Parole-12th-Edition-by-Abadin Test Bank for Probation and Parole 12th Edition by Abadinsky Full file at https://TestbankDirect.eu/Test-Bank-for-Probation-and-Parole-12th-Edition-by-Abadin Chapter Essay Define classicalism and discuss the eight basic tenets of classicalism Answer: [key points to be made] • Definition: An outgrowth of European Enlightenment of the eighteenth century whose adherents rejected spiritualism and religious explanations for criminal behavior • Eight tenants: o Humans are rational o All persons are created equal o All persons have an equal stake in society and this an equal stake in prevention of crime o Free will endows each person with the power to be law abiding or criminal o People tend toward hedonism o The purpose of punishment is deterrence o Punishment must be meted out fairly, with absolute equality, and in proportion to the offense o Punishment must be prompt and certain Objective: Distinguish the classical view from the positive view of crime and criminal behavior Page number: 10-11 Level: Basic Discuss the levels of evidence and their practical applications within the criminal justice system Answer: [key points to be made] • Beyond a reasonable doubt: o Guilt in a criminal trial o Finding of delinquency in a juvenile court • Clear and convincing evidence o Used in extraordinary civil cases, such as commitment and child custody • Preponderance of the evidence o Most civil cases o Status offense cases in juvenile court o Probation and parole revocation hearings • Probable cause o Search warrants/arrest warrants o Summary/warrantless searches o Probation and parole preliminary violation hearings Objective: Understand the contradictory goals and competing expectations of American criminal justice Page number: 14 Level: Basic 52 Full file at https://TestbankDirect.eu/Test-Bank-for-Probation-and-Parole-12th-Edition-by-Abadin Test Bank for Probation and Parole 12th Edition by Abadinsky Full file at https://TestbankDirect.eu/Test-Bank-for-Probation-and-Parole-12th-Edition-by-Abadin Define and discuss the five sentencing functions identified in the text Answer: [key points to be made] • Retribution: Punishment dimension that expresses society’s disapproval of criminal behavior • Incapacitation: Reduces opportunity for further criminal behavior by imprisonment • Deterrence: Belief that punishment will reduce the likelihood of future criminal behavior either by the particular offender or by others in society who fear similar punishment • Rehabilitation: Belief that by providing services – social, psychological, educational, or vocational – an offender will be less likely to commit future crimes • Restitution: Repayment by an offender to the victim or to society in money or services for the harm committed Objective: Understand the contradictory goals and competing expectations of American criminal justice Page number: 16 Level: Basic Chapter Critical Thinking What are some potential consequences of mandatory imprisonment for all persons convicted of a crime? Answer: [key points to be made] • More inefficient criminal justice system due to increased work load • Increased burden on police, courts and corrections • Increased overall costs of criminal justice budget Objective: Explain why most convicted offenders are not imprisoned Page number: Level: Basic What are some potential consequences if the protections provided by the Fifth and Sixth Amendments were removed? Answer: [key points to be made] • Double Jeopardy protections would not exist State could try a defendant more than once for same crime leading to a potential abuse of power/authority • Defendant could be forced to testify potentially leading to self-incrimination Failure to testify could lead to imprisonment for contempt of court Objective: Understand the contradictory goals and competing expectations of American criminal justice Page number: Level: Basic 53 Full file at https://TestbankDirect.eu/Test-Bank-for-Probation-and-Parole-12th-Edition-by-Abadin ... https://TestbankDirect.eu /Test- Bank- for- Probation- and- Parole- 12th- Edition- by- Abadin Test Bank for Probation and Parole 12th Edition by Abadinsky Full file at https://TestbankDirect.eu /Test- Bank- for- Probation- and- Parole- 12th- Edition- by- Abadin... https://TestbankDirect.eu /Test- Bank- for- Probation- and- Parole- 12th- Edition- by- Abadin Test Bank for Probation and Parole 12th Edition by Abadinsky Full file at https://TestbankDirect.eu /Test- Bank- for- Probation- and- Parole- 12th- Edition- by- Abadin... https://TestbankDirect.eu /Test- Bank- for- Probation- and- Parole- 12th- Edition- by- Abadin Test Bank for Probation and Parole 12th Edition by Abadinsky Full file at https://TestbankDirect.eu /Test- Bank- for- Probation- and- Parole- 12th- Edition- by- Abadin