Dictionary of Engineering P2

air-water jet moist air is cooled below its dew point by refrig- thermometer that uses ethyl alcohol as its work- ing substance. { alиkəho ˙ lthərma ¨ mиədиər} erated water so that although the air leaves close alidade [ ENG ] 1. An instrument for topographic to saturation with water, it has less moisture per surveying and mapping by the plane-table unit volume than when it entered. 2. Apparatus method. 2. Any sighting device employed for to wash particulates and soluble impurities from angular measurement. { alиəda ¯ d} air by passing the airstream through a liquid aligning drift [ MECH ENG ] A rod or bar that is bath or spray. { er washиər} used for aligning parts during assembly. { əlı ¯ nи air-water jet [ ENG ] A jet of mixed air and water iŋdrift } which leaves a nozzle at high velocity; used in alignment [ CIV ENG ] In a survey for a highway, cleaning the surfaces of concrete or rock. { ¦er railroad, or similar installation, a ground plan ¦wo ˙ dиər jet } that shows the horizontal direction of the route. air-water storage tank [ ENG ] A water storage [ ELECTR ] The process of adjusting components tank in which the air above the water is com- of a system for proper interrelationship, includ- pressed. { ¦er ¦wo ˙ dиər sto ˙ rиij taŋk} ing the adjustment of tuned circuits for proper airway [ BUILD ] A passage for ventilation be- frequency response and the time synchroniza- tween thermal insulation and roof boards. tion of the components of a system. [ ENG ] { erwa ¯ } Placing of surveying points along a straight line. air well See air shaft. { er wel } { əlı ¯ nиmənt } Airy points [ ENG ] The points at which a hori- alignment correction [ ENG ] A correction ap- zontal rod is optionally supported to avoid its plied to the measured length of a line to allow bending. { ¦erиe ¯ po ˙ ins } for not holding the tape exactly in a vertical plane Airy stress function [ MECH ] A biharmonic func- of the line. { əlı ¯ nиmənt kərekиshən} tion of two variables whose second partial deriv- alignment pin [ DES ENG ] Pin in the center of atives give the stress components of a body sub- the base of an octal, loctal, or other tube having a ject to a plane strain. { ¦erиe ¯ stres fəŋkиshən} single vertical projecting rib that aids in correctly aisleway [ CIV ENG ] A passage or walkway within inserting the tube in its socket. { əlı ¯ nиmənt a factory, storage building, or shop permitting pin } the flow of inside traffic. { ı ¯ lwa ¯ } alignment wire See ground wire. { əlı ¯ nиmənt Aitken dust counter [ ENG ] An instrument for wı ¯ r} determining the dust content of the atmosphere. alkali ion diode [ ENG ] In testing for leaks, a de- Also known as Aitken nucleus counter. { ¦a ¯ tиkən vice which senses the presence of halogen gases dəst kau ˙ ntиər} by the use of positive ions of alkali metal on the Aitken nucleus counter See Aitken dust counter. heated diode surfaces. { alиkəlı ¯ ı ¯ иən dı ¯ o ¯ d} { ¦a ¯ tиkən nu ¨ иkle ¯ иəs kau ˙ ntиər} alkaline wash [ CHEM ENG ] The removal of im- alarm gage [ ENG ] A device that actuates a sig- purities from kerosine,used for illuminating pur- nal either when the steam pressure in a boiler poses, by caustic soda solution. { alиkəlı ¯ n is too high or when the water level in a boiler wa ¨ sh } is too low. { əla ¨ rm gaj } Alkar process [ CHEM ENG ] Catalytic alkylation alarm system [ ENG ] A system which operates of aromatic hydrocarbons with olefins to pro- a warning device after the occurrence of a dan- duce alkylaromatics; for example, production of gerous or undesirable condition. { əla ¨ rm ethylbenzene from benzene and ethylene. sisиtəm} { alkar pra ¨ sиəs} alarm valve [ ENG ] A device that sounds an alkylate bottom [ CHEM ENG ] Residue from frac- alarm when water flows in an automatic sprinkler tionation of total alkylate which boils at a higher system. { əla ¨ rm valv } temperature than aviation gasolines. { alи albedometer [ ENG ] An instrument used for the kəla ¯ t ba ¨ dиəm} measurement of the reflecting power, that is, the alkylation [ CHEM ENG ] A refinery process for albedo, of a surface. { alиbəda ¨ иmədиər} chemically combining isoparaffin with olefin Alberger process [ CHEM ENG ] A method of hydrocarbons. { alиkəla ¯ иshən} manufacturing salt by heating brine at high pres- alle ` ge [ BUILD ] A part of a wall which is thinner sure and passing it to a graveler which removes than the rest, especially the spandrel under a calcium sulfate; the salt crystallizes as the pres- window. { alezh } sure is reduced and thus is separated from the Allen screw [ DES ENG ] A screw or bolt which brine. { a ¨ lиbərиgər pra ¨ sиəs} has an axial hexagonal socket in its head. { alи alcoholimeter See alcoholometer. { alиkəho ˙ limи ən skru ¨ } ədиər} Allen wrench [ DES ENG ] A wrench made from alcoholmeter See alcoholometer. { alиkəho ˙ l a straight or bent hexagonal rod, used to turn me ¯ dиər} an Allen screw. { alиən rench } alcoholometer [ ENG ] A device, such as a form alligator shears [ ENG ] A cutting tool with a of hydrometer, that measures the quantity of an fixed lower blade and a movable upper blade alcohol contained in a liquid. Also known as (shearing arm) that moves in an arc around a alcoholimeter; alcoholmeter. { alиkəho ˙ la ¨ и fulcrum pin; used mainly for shearing applica- mədиər} tions that do not require great accuracy. { alи əga ¯ dиər shirz } alcohol thermometer [ ENG ] A liquid-in-glass 18 altitude-azimuth mounting alligator wrench [ DES ENG ] A wrench having alphatron See alpha-ray vacuum gage. { alи fətra ¨ n}fixed jaws forming a V, with teeth on one or both jaws. { alиəga ¯ dиər rench } alt See altitude. altazimuth [ ENG ] An instrument equipped with allocate [ IND ENG ] To assign a portion of a re- source to an activity. { aиlo ¯ ka ¯ t } both horizontal and vertical graduated circles, for the simultaneous observation of horizontal allowable bearing value [ CIV ENG ] The maxi- mum permissible pressure on foundation soil and vertical directions or angles. Also known as astronomical theodolite; universal instrument.that provides adequate safety against rupture of the soil mass or movement of the foundation { altazиəиməth } alt-azimuth mounting See altitude-azimuth mount-of such magnitude as to impair the structure imposing the pressure. Also known as allow- ing. { alt azиəиməth mau ˙ ntиiŋ } alternate energy [ ENG ] Any source of energyable soil pressure. { əlau ˙ иəиbəl berиiŋvalиyu ¨ } allowable load [ MECH ] The maximum force other than fossil fuels that is used for construc- tive purposes. { o ˙ lиtərиnət enиərиje ¯ }that may be safely applied to a solid, or is permit- ted by applicable regulators. { əlau ˙ иəиbəl lo ¯ d} alternating current [ ELEC ] Electric current that reverses direction periodically, usually many allowable soil pressure See allowable bearing value. { əlau ˙ иəиbəl so ˙ il preshиər } times per second. Abbreviated ac. { ¦o ˙ lи tərna ¯ dиiŋ ¦kərиənt } allowable stress [ MECH ] The maximum force per unit area that may be safely applied to a alternating-current welder [ ENG ] A welding machine utilizing alternating current for weldingsolid. { əlau ˙ иəиbəl stres } allowance [ DES ENG ] An intentional difference purposes. { ¦o ˙ lиtərna ¯ dиiŋ ¦kərиənt weldиər} alternating stress [ MECH ] A stress produced inin sizes of two mating parts, allowing clearance usually for a film of oil, for running or sliding a material by forces which are such that each force alternately acts in opposite directions.fits. { əlau ˙ иəns } allowed hours See standard hour. { əlau ˙ d au ˙ и { o ˙ lиtərиna ¯ dиiŋstres } altigraph [ ENG ] A pressure altimeter that has aərz } allowed time [ IND ENG ] Amount of time al- recording mechanism to show the changes in altitude. { alиtəgraf }lowed each employee for personal needs during a work cycle. { əlau ˙ d tı ¯ m} altimeter [ ENG ] An instrument which deter- mines the altitude of an object with respect to alloy junction [ ELECTR ] A junction produced by alloying one or more impurity metals to a semi- a fixed level, such as sea level; there are two common types: the aneroid altimeter and theconductor to form a p or n region, depending on the impurity used. Also known as fused junc- radio altimeter. { altimиədиər} altimeter corrections [ ENG ] Corrections whichtion. { alo ˙ i jəŋkиshən} alloy-junction diode [ ELECTR ] A junction diode must be made to the readings of a pressure al- timeter to obtain true altitudes; involve horizon-made by placing a pill of doped alloying material on a semiconductor material and heating until tal pressure gradient error and air temperature error. { altimиədиərkərekиshənz }the molten alloy melts a portion of the semicon- ductor, resulting in a pn junction when the dis- altimeter setting [ ENG ] The value of atmos- pheric pressure to which the scale of an aneroidsolved semiconductor recrystallizes. Also known as fused-junction diode. { alo ˙ i ¦jəŋkи altimeter is set; after United States practice, the pressure that will indicate airport elevation whenshən dı ¯ o ¯ d} all-translational system [ CONT SYS ] A simple the altimeter is 10 feet (3 meters) above the runway (approximately cockpit height). { alrobotic system in which there is no rotation of the robot or its components during movements timиədиər sedиiŋ } altimeter-setting indicator [ ENG ] A precisionof the robot’s body. { ¦o ˙ l tranzla ¯ иshənиəl sisи təm } aneroid barometer calibrated to indicate directly the local altimeter setting. { altimиədиər ¦sedи all-weather airport [ CIV ENG ] An airport with facilities to permit the landing of qualified air- iŋinиdəka ¯ dиər} altimetry [ ENG ] The measurement of heights incraft and aircrewmen without regard to opera- tional weather limits. { o ˙ l ¦wethиər erpo ˙ rt } the atmosphere (altitude), generally by an altim- eter. { altimиəиtre ¯ } alpha [ ELECTR ] The ratio between the change in collector current and the change in emitter altitude Abbreviated alt. [ ENG ] 1. Height, measured as distance along the extended earth’scurrent of a transistor. { alиfə } alpha cutoff frequency [ ELECTR ] The frequency radius above a given datum, such as average sea level. 2. Angular displacement above theat the high end of a transistor’s range at which current amplification drops 3 decibels below its horizon measured by an altitude curve. { alи tətu ¨ d}low-frequency value. { alиfəkədo ˙ f fre ¯ иkwənи se ¯ } altitude azimuth [ ENG ] An azimuth determined by solution of the navigational triangle with alti- alpha-ray vacuum gage [ ENG ] An ionization gage in which the ionization is produced by alpha tude, declination, and latitude given. { alи tətu ¨ d azиəиməth }particles emitted by a radioactive source, instead of by electrons emitted from a hot filament; used altitude-azimuth mounting [ ENG ] A two-axis telescope mounting in which the azimuth of thechiefly for pressures from 10 Ϫ3 to 10 torrs. Also known as alphatron. { alиfəra ¯ vakиyu ¨ m ga ¯ j } direction in which the telescope is pointed is 19 altitude chamber determined by rotation about a vertical axis and of specified sizes established as a standard in the United States. Also known as Briggs pipethe corresponding altitude is determined by ro- tation about a horizontal axis; computer-con- thread. { əmerиəиkən stanиdərd pı ¯ p thred } American standard screw thread [ DES ENG ] trolled motors must move the telescope in both altitude and azimuth to compensate for the Screw thread whose dimensions conform to those of a particular series of specified sizes es-earth’s rotation. Also known as alt-azimuth mounting. { ¦alиtətu ¨ d azиəиməth mau ˙ ntиiŋ } tablished as a standard in the United States; used for bolts, nuts, and machine screws. altitude chamber [ ENG ] A chamber within which the air pressure, temperature, and so on { əmerиəиkən stanиdərd skru ¨ thred } American system drill See churn drill. { əmerиəиcan be adjusted to simulate conditions at differ- ent altitudes; used for experimentation and test- kən ¦sisиtəm dril } American Table of Distances [ ENG ] Publisheding. { alиtətu ¨ d cha ¯ mиbər} altitude curve [ ENG ] The arc of a vertical circle data concerning the safe storage of explosives and ammunition. { əmerиəиkən ta ¯ иbəl əv disиbetween the horizon and a point on the celestial sphere, measured upward from the horizon. tənsиəz} ammeter [ ENG ] An instrument for measuring{ alиtətu ¨ d kərv} altitude datum [ ENG ] The arbitrary level from the magnitude of electric current flow. Also known as electric current meter. { ame ¯ dиər}which heights are reckoned. { alиtətu ¨ d dadи əm} ammonia absorption refrigerator [ MECH ENG ] An absorption-cycle refrigerator which uses am- altitude difference [ ENG ] The difference be- tween computed and observed altitudes, or be- monia as the circulating refrigerant. { əmo ¯ nи yəəb¦sorpиshənrifrijиəra ¯ dиər}tween precomputed and sextant altitudes. Also known as altitude intercept; intercept. ammonia compressor [ MECH ENG ] A device that decreases the volume of a quantity of gas-{ alиtətu ¨ d difиrəns } altitude intercept See altitude difference. { alи eous ammonia by the amplification of pressure; used in refrigeration systems. { əmo ¯ nиyətətu ¨ d inиtərsept } aluminize [ ENG ] To apply a film of aluminum kəmpresиər} ammonia condenser [ MECH ENG ] A device into a material, such as glass. { əlu ¨ mиənı ¯ z} AM See amplitude modulation. an ammonia refrigerating system that raises the pressure of the ammonia gas in the evaporating A-mast [ ENG ] An A-shaped arrangement of up- right poles for supporting a mechanism designed coil, conditions the ammonia, and delivers it to the condensing system. { əmo ¯ nиyə kəndensиto lift heavy loads. { a ¯ mast } ambient [ ENG ] Surrounding; especially, of or ər} ammonia liquor [ CHEM ENG ] Water solution ofpertaining to the environment about a flying air- craft or other body but undisturbed or unaffected ammonia, ammonium compounds, and impuri- ties, obtained from destructive distillation of bi-by it, as in ambient air or ambient temperature. { amиbe ¯ иənt } tuminous coal. { əmo ¯ nиyəlikиər} ammonia meter [ ENG ] A hydrometer designed American basement [ BUILD ] A basement lo- cated above ground level and containing the specifically to determine the density of aqueous ammonia solutions. { əmo ¯ иnyəme ¯ dиər}building’s main entrance. { əmerиəиkən ba ¯ sи mənt } ammonia synthesis [ CHEM ENG ] Chemical combination of nitrogen and hydrogen gases at American bond [ CIV ENG ] A bond in which ev- ery fifth, sixth, or seventh course of a wall con- high temperature and pressure in the presence of a catalyst to form ammonia. { əmo ¯ nиyəsinиsists of headers and the other courses consist of stretchers. Also known as common bond; thəиsəs} ammonia valve [ ENG ] A valve that is resistantScotch bond. { əmerиəиkən ba ¨ nd } American caisson See box caisson. { əmerиəи to corrosion by ammonia. { əmo ¯ nиyəvalv } ammonoxidation See ammoxidation. { aиkən ka ¯ sa ¨ n} American filter See disk filter. { əmerиəиkən filи məna ¨ kиsəda ¯ иshən} ammoxidation [ CHEM ENG ] A process in whichtər} American melting point [ CHEM ENG ] A temper- mixtures of propylene, ammonia, and oxygen are converted in the presence of a catalyst, with acry-ature 3ЊF (1.7ЊC) higher than the American Soci- ety for Testing and Materials Method D87 paraf- lonitrile as the primary product. Also known as ammonoxidation; oxyamination. { ama ¨ kиsəfin-wax melting point. { əmerиəиkən meltиiŋ po ˙ int } da ¯ иshən} amortize [ IND ENG ] To reduce gradually an obli- American standard beam [ CIV ENG ] A type of I beam made of hot-rolled structural steel. gation, such as a mortgage, by periodically pay- ing a part of the principal as well as the interest.{ əmerиəиkən stanиdərd be ¯ m} American standard channel [ CIV ENG ] AC- {amиərtı ¯ z} amount limit [ IND ENG ] In a test for a fixedshaped structural member made of hot-rolled structural steel. { əmerиəиkən stanиdərd quantity of work, the time required to complete the work or the total amount of work that canchanиəl} American standard pipe thread [ DES ENG ] be completed in an unlimited time. { əmau ˙ nt limиət}Taper, straight, or dryseal pipe thread whose di- mensions conform to those of a particular series amp See amperage; ampere. { amp } 20 analytical centrifugation ampacity [ ELEC ] Current-carrying capacity in telemetry, those systems of modulation in which each component frequency f of the transmittedamperes; used as a rating for power cables. {ampasиədиe ¯ } intelligence produces a pair of sideband frequen- cies at carrier frequency plus f and carrier minus amperage [ ELEC ] The amount of electric cur- rent in amperes. Abbreviated amp. { amи f.{amиplətu ¨ d majиəla ¯ иshən} amylograph [ ENG ] An instrument used toprij } ampere [ ELEC ] The unit of electric current in measure and record the viscosity of starch and flour pastes and the temperature at which theythe rationalized meter-kilogram-second sys- tem of units; defined in terms of the force gelatinize. { əmı ¯ lиəgraf } analemma [ CIV ENG ] Any raised constructionof attraction between two parallel current- carrying conductors. Abbreviated a; A; amp. which serves as a support or rest. { anи əlemиə }{ ampir } ampere-hour meter [ ENG ] A device that meas- analog [ ELECTR ] 1. A physical variable which remains similar to another variable insofar asures the total electric charge that passes a given point during a given period of time. { ampir the proportional relationships are the same over some specified range; for example, a tempera-¦au ˙ иər me ¯ dиər} amperometric transducer [ ENG ] A transducer ture may be represented by a voltage which is its analog. 2. Pertaining to devices, data, cir-in which the concentration of a dissolved sub- stance is determined from the electric current cuits, or systems that operate with variables which are represented by continuously meas-produced between two electrodes immersed in the test solution when one of the electrodes is ured voltages or other quantities. { anиəla ¨ g} analog output [ CONT SYS ] Transducer output inkept at a selected electric potential with respect to the solution. { ampirиə¦meиtrik tranzdu ¯ и which the amplitude is continuously propor- tional to a function of the stimulus. { anиsər} amphibious [ MECH ENG ] Said of vehicles or əla ¨ g au ˙ tpu ˙ t} analog readout [ ENG ] A scale on a balance thatequipment designed to be operated or used on either land or water. { amfibиe ¯ иəs } continuously indicates measurement values by the position of an index mark, either a line or amplification factor [ ELECTR ] In a vacuum tube, the ratio of the incremental change in plate volt- a pointer, opposite a graduated scale which is usually marked with numbers. { anиəla ¨ gage to a given small change in grid voltage, under the conditions that the plate current and all re ¯ dau ˙ t} analog signal [ ELECTR ] A nominally continu-other electrode voltages are held constant. { amиpləиfəka ¯ иshən fakиtər } ous electrical signal that varies in amplitude or frequency in response to changes in sound, light, amplification noise [ ELECTR ] Noise generated in the vacuum tubes, transistors, or integrated heat, position, or pressure. { anиəla ¨ g sigиnəl} analog switch [ ELECTR ] 1. A device that eithercircuits of an amplifier. { amиpləиfəka ¯ иshən no ˙ iz } transmits an analog signal without distortion or completely blocks it. 2. Any solid-state device, amplifier [ ENG ] A device capable of increasing the magnitude or power level of a physical quan- with or without a driver, capable of bilaterally switching voltages or current. { anиəla ¨ gtity, such as an electric current or a hydraulic mechanical force, that is varying with time, with- swich } analog-to-digital converter [ ELECTR ] A deviceout distorting the wave shape of the quantity. { amиpləfı ¯ иər } which translates continuous analog signals into proportional discrete digital signals. { ¦anиəla ¨ g amplifier-type meter [ ENG ] An electric meter whose characteristics have been enhanced by tə ¦dijиətиəlkənvərdиər} analog-to-frequency converter [ ELECTR ] Athe use of preamplification for the signal input eventually used to actuate the meter. { amи converter in which an analog input in some form other than frequency is converted to a propor-pləfı ¯ иər ¦tı ¯ p me ¯ dиər} amplify [ ENG ACOUS ] To strengthen a signal by tional change in frequency. { ¦anиəla ¨ gtə ¦fre ¯ и kwənиse ¯ kənvərdиər}increasing its amplitude or by raising its level. { amиpləfı ¯ } analog voltage [ ELECTR ] A voltage that varies in a continuous fashion in accordance with the amplitude-frequency response See frequency re- sponse. { amиplətu ¨ d fre ¯ иkwənиse ¯ rispa ¨ ns } magnitude of a measured variable. { anиəla ¨ g vo ¯ lиtij } amplitude-modulated indicator [ ENG ] A gen- eral class of radar indicators, in which the sweep analytical aerotriangulation [ ENG ] Analytical phototriangulation, performed with aerialof the electron beam is deflected vertically or horizontally from a base line to indicate the exis- photographs. { anиəlidиəиkəl ¦erиo ¯ trı ¯ aŋиgyə la ¯ иshən}tence of an echo from a target. Also known as deflection-modulated indicator; intensity-mod- analytical balance [ ENG ] A balance with a sen- sitivity of 0.1–0.01 milligram. { anиəlidиəиkəlulated indicator. { amиplətu ¨ d ¦ma ¨ jиəla ¯ dиəd ¦inиdəka ¯ dиər} balиəns } analytical centrifugation [ ENG ] Centrifugation amplitude modulation [ ELECTR ] Abbreviated AM. 1. Modulation in which the aplitude of a following precipitation to separate solids from solid-liquid suspensions; faster than filtration.wave is the characteristic varied in accordance with the intelligence to be transmitted. 2. In { anиəlidиəиkəl sentrifиəga ¯ иshən} 21 analytical nadir-point triangulation analytical nadir-point triangulation [ ENG ] Rad- in place. [ ENG ] A device, such as a metal rod, wire,or strap, for fixing one object to another,ial triangulation performed by computational routines in which nadir points are utilized as such as specially formed metal connectors used to fasten together timbers, masonry, or trusses.radial centers. { anиəlidиəиkəl ¦nədir ¦po ˙ int trı ¯ aŋиgyəla ¯ иshən} [ MECH ENG ] 1. In steam plowing, a vehicle lo- cated on the side of the field opposite that of analytical orientation [ ENG ] The computational steps required to determine tilt, direction of prin- the engine and maintaining the tension on the endless wire by means of a pulley. 2. A devicecipal line, flight height, angular elements, and linear elements in preparing aerial photographs for a piping system that maintains the correct position and direction of the pipes and controlsfor rectification. { anиəlidиəиkəl o ˙ rиe ¯ иənta ¯ и shən } pipe movement occurring as a result of thermal expansion. { aŋиkər} analytical photogrammetry [ ENG ] A method of photogrammetry in which solutions are obtained anchorage [ CIV ENG ] 1. An area where a vessel anchors or may anchor because of either suitabil-by mathematical methods. { anиəlidиəиkəl fo ¯ dиəgramиəиtre ¯ } ity or designation. Also known as anchor sta- tion. 2. A device which anchors tendons to the analytical photography [ ENG ] Photography, ei- ther motion picture or still, accomplished to de- posttensioned concrete member. 3. In preten- sioning, a device used to anchor tendons tempo-termine (by qualitative, quantitative, or any other means) whether a particular phenomenon rarily during the hardening of the concrete. 4. See deadman. { aŋиkəиrij }does or does not occur. { anиəlidиəиkəlfəta ¨ gи rəиfe ¯ } anchorage deformation [ CIV ENG ] The shorten- ing of tendons due to their modification or slip- analytical phototriangulation [ ENG ] A phototri- angulation procedure in which the spatial solu- page when the prestressing force is transferred to the anchorage device. Also known as an-tion is obtained by computational routines. { anиəlidиəиkəl fo ¯ dиo ¯ trı ¯ aŋиgyəla ¯ иshən } chorage slip. { aŋиkəиrij de ¯ fo ˙ rma ¯ иshən} anchorage slip See anchorage deformation. { aŋи analytical radar prediction [ ENG ] Prediction based on proven formulas, power tables, or kəиrij slip } anchorage zone [ CIV ENG ] 1. In posttensioning,graphs; considers surface height, structural and terrain information, and criteria for radar reflecti- the region adjacent to the anchorage for the tendon which is subjected to secondary stressesvity together with the aspect angle and range to the target. { anиəlidиəиkəl ra ¯ da ¨ rprədikи as a result of the distribution of the prestressing force. 2. In pretensioning, the region in whichshən} analytical radial triangulation [ ENG ] Radial tri- transfer bond stresses are developed. { aŋиkəи rij zo ¯ n}angulation performed by computational rou- tines. { anиəlidиəиkəl ra ¯ dиe ¯ иəl triaŋиgyəla ¯ и anchor and collar [ DES ENG ] A door or gate hinge whose socket is attached to an anchorshən} analytical three-point resection radial triangula- embedded in the masonry. { aŋиkər ən ka ¨ lиər} anchor block [ BUILD ] A block of wood, replac- tion [ ENG ] A method of computing the coor- dinates of the ground principal points of over- ing a brick in a wall to provide a nailing or fasten- ing surface. [ CIV ENG ] See deadman. { aŋиlapping aerial photographs by resecting on three horizontal control points appearing in the over- kər bla ¨ k} anchor bolt [ CIV ENG ] A bolt used with its headlap area. { anиəlidиəиkəl ¦thre ¯ ¦po ˙ int re ¯ sekи shən ra ¯ dиe ¯ иəl triaŋиgyəla ¯ иshən } embedded in masonry or concrete and its threaded part protruding to hold a structure or analytical ultracentrifuge [ ENG ] An ultracentri- fuge that uses one of three optical systems machinery in place. Also known as anchor rod. { aŋиkər bo ¯ lt }(schlieren, Rayleigh, or absorption) for the accu- rate determination of sedimentation velocity anchor buoy [ ENG ] One of a series of buoys marking the limits of an anchorage. { aŋиkəror equilibrium. { anиəlidиəиkəl ¦əlиtrə¦senиtrə fyu ¨ j} bo ˙ i} anchor charge [ ENG ] A procedure that allows analytic mechanics [ MECH ] The application of differential and integral calculus to classical several charges to be preloaded in a seismic shot hole; the bottom charges are fired first, and the(nonquantum) mechanics. { anиəlidиik mi kanиiks } upper charges are held down by anchors. { aŋи kər cha ¨ rj } analyzer [ ENG ] A multifunction test meter, measuring volts, ohms, and amperes. Also anchored bulkhead [ CIV ENG ] A bulkhead se- cured to anchor piles. { aŋиkərd bəlkhed }known as set analyzer. [ MECH ENG ] The com- ponent of an absorption refrigeration system anchor log [ CIV ENG ] A log, beam, or concrete block buried in the earth and used to hold a guywhere the mixture of water vapor and ammonia vapor leaving the generator meets the relatively rope firmly. Also known as deadman; ground anchor. { aŋиkər la ¨ g}cool solution of ammonia in water entering the generator and loses some of its vapor content. anchor nut [ DES ENG ] A nut in the form of a tapped insert forced under steady pressure into{ anиəlı ¯ zиər} anchor [ CIV ENG ] A device connecting a struc- a hole in sheet metal. { aŋиkər nət} anchor pile [ CIV ENG ] A pile that is located onture to a heavy masonry or concrete object to a metal plate or to the ground to hold the structure the land side of a bulkhead or pier and anchors it 22 angel echo through such devices as rods, cables, and chains. springs; an example is the Dines anemometer. { ¦aиnəиməbı ¯ иəgraf }{ aŋиkər pı ¯ l} anchor plate [ CIV ENG ] A metal or wooden plate anemoclinometer [ ENG ] A type of instrument which measures the inclination of the wind tofastened to or embedded in a support, such as a floor, and used to hold a supporting cable the horizontal plane. { ¦aиnəmo ¯ иklə¦na ¨ mи ədиər}firmly. { aŋиkər pla ¯ t} anchor rod See anchor bolt. { aŋиkər ra ¨ d} anemogram [ ENG ] A record made by an anemograph. { əne ¯ mиəgram } anchor station See anchorage. { aŋиkər sta ¯ и shən} anemograph [ ENG ] 1. An instrument which re- cords wind velocities. 2. A recording anemom- anchor tower [ CIV ENG ] 1. A tower which is a part of a crane staging or stiffleg derrick and eter. { əne ¯ mиəgraf } anemometer [ ENG ] A device which measuresserves as an anchor. 2. A tower that supports and anchors an overhead transmission line. air speed. { anиəma ¨ mиədиər} anemoscope [ ENG ] An instrument for indicat-{ aŋиkər tau ˙ иər} anchor wall See deadman. { aŋиkər wo ˙ l } ing the direction of the wind. { əne ¯ mиəsko ¯ p} anemovane [ ENG ] A combined contact ane- AND circuit See AND gate. { and sərиkət} AND gate [ ELECTR ] A circuit which has two or mometer and wind vane used in the Canadian Meteorological Service. { ¦anиəиmo ¯ ¦va ¯ n}more input-signal ports and which delivers an output only if and when every input signal port is aneroid [ ENG ] 1. Containing no liquid or using no liquid. 2. See aneroid barometer. { anиəsimultaneously energized. Also known as AND circuit; passive AND gate. { and ga ¯ t} ro ˙ id } aneroid altimeter [ ENG ] An altimeter con- AND/NOR gate [ ELECTR ] A single logic element whose operation is equivalent to that of two taining an aneroid barometer that actuates the indicator. { anиəro ˙ id altimиədиər}AND gates with outputs feeding into a NOR gate. { ¦and ¦no ˙ r ga ¯ t} aneroid barograph [ ENG ] An aneroid barome- ter arranged so that the deflection of the aneroid AND NOT gate [ ELECTR ] A coincidence circuit that performs the logic operation AND NOT, capsule actuates a pen which graphs a record on a rotating drum. Also known as aneroidograph;under which a result is true only if statement A is true and statement B is not. Also known as barograph; barometrograph. { anиəro ˙ id barи əgraf }A AND NOT B gate. { ¦and ¦na ¨ t ga ¯ t} AND-OR circuit [ ELECTR ] Gating circuit that aneroid barometer [ ENG ] A barometer which utilizes an aneroid capsule. Also known as an-produces a prescribed output condition when several possible combined input signals are ap- eroid. { anиəro ˙ id bəra ¨ mиədиər} aneroid calorimeter [ ENG ] A calorimeter thatplied; exhibits the characteristics of the AND gate and the OR gate. { ¦and ¦o ˙ r sərиkət } uses a metal of high thermal conductivity as a heat reservoir. { anиəro ˙ id kalиərimиədиər} AND-OR-INVERT gate [ ELECTR ] A logic circuit with four inputs, a 1 , a 2 , b 1 , and b 2 , whose output aneroid capsule [ ENG ] A thin, disk-shaped box or capsule, usually metallic, partially evacuatedis 0 only if either a 1 and a 2 or b 1 and b 2 are 1. Abbreviated A-O-I gate. { ¦and ¦o ˙ rinvərt ga ¯ t } and sealed, held extended by a spring, which expands and contracts with changes in atmos- Andrade’s creep law [ MECH ] A law which states that creep exhibits a transient state in which pheric or gas pressure. Also known as bellows. { anиəro ˙ id kapиsəl}strain is proportional to the cube root of time and then a steady state in which strain is propor- aneroid diaphragm [ ENG ] A thin plate, usually metal, covering the end of an aneroid capsuletional to time. { andra ¯ dz kre ¯ p lo ˙ } Andrews’s curves [ THERMO ] A series of iso- and moving axially as the ambient gas pressure increases or decreases. { anиəro ˙ id diиəfram }therms for carbon dioxide, showing the depen- dence of pressure on volume at various tempera- aneroid flowmeter [ ENG ] A mechanism to measure fluid flow rate by pressure of the fluidtures. { andru ¨ z kərvz } anechoic chamber [ ENG ] 1. A test room in against a bellows counterbalanced by a cali- brated spring. { anиəro ˙ id flo ¯ me ¯ dиər}which all surfaces are lined with a sound-ab- sorbing material to reduce reflections of sound aneroid liquid-level meter [ ENG ] A mechanism to measure fluid depth by pressure of the fluidto a minimum. Also known as dead room; free- field room. 2. A room completely lined with a against a bellows which in turn acts on a manom- eter or signal transmitter. { anиəro ˙ id ¦likиwədmaterial that absorbs radio waves at a particular frequency or over a range of frequencies; used ¦levиəl medиər} aneroidograph See aneroid barograph. { anиprincipally at microwave frequencies, such as for measuring radar beam cross sections. { ¦anи əro ˙ idиəиgraf } aneroid valve [ MECH ENG ] A valve actuated orə¦ko ¯ иik cha ¯ mиbər} anelasticity [ MECH ] Deviation from a propor- controlled by an aneroid capsule. { anиəro ˙ id valv }tional relationship between stress and strain. { ¦anиəиlas¦tisиədиe ¯ } angel echo [ ENG ] A radar echo from a region where there are no visible targets; may be caused anemobiagraph [ ENG ] A recording pressure- tube anemometer in which the wind scale of the by insects, birds, or refractive index variations in the atmosphere. { a ¯ nиjəl ekиo ¯ }float manometer is linear through the use of 23 angle back-pressure valve angle back-pressure valve [ MECH ENG ] A back- joint between two surfaces meeting at an angle pressure valve with its outlet opening at right of less than 180Њ.{aŋиgəl filиət} angles to its inlet opening. { aŋиgəl bak angle fishplates [ CIV ENG ] Plates which join the preshиər valv } rails and prevent the rail joint from sagging angle bar [ BUILD ] An upright bar at the meeting where heavy cars and locomotives are used. of two faces of a polygonal window, bay window, Also known as angle; angle bar. { aŋиgəl or bow window. { aŋиgəl ba ¨ r} fishpla ¯ ts } angle bead [ BUILD ] A strip, usually of metal or angle float [ ENG ] A trowel having two edge sur- wood, set at the corner of a plaster wall to protect faces bent at 90Њ; used to finish corners in freshly the corner or serve as a guide to float the plaster poured concrete and in plastering. { aŋиgəl flush with it. { aŋиgəl be ¯ d} flo ¯ t} angle beam [ ENG ] Ultrasonic waves transmit- angle gauge [ CIV ENG ] A template used to set ted for the inspection of a metallic surface at an or check angles in building construction. { aŋи angle measured from the beam center line to a gəl ga ¯ j} normal to the test surface. { aŋиgəl be ¯ m} angle gear See angular gear. { aŋиgəl ge ¯ r} angle blasting [ ENG ] Sandblasting, or the like, angle globe valve [ ENG ] A globe valve having at an angle of less that 90Њ.{aŋиgəl blastиiŋ } an angular configuration that permits it to be angle block [ ENG ] A small block of wood used fitted at bends in pipework. { ¦aŋиgəl ¦glo ¯ b to fasten adjacent pieces, usually at right angles, ¦valv } or glued into the corner of a wooden frame to angle hip tile See arris hip tile. { aŋиgəl hip tı ¯ l} stiffen it. Also known as glue block. { aŋи angle iron [ CIV ENG ] 1. An L-shaped cleat or gəl bla ¨ k} brace. 2. A length of steel having a cross sec- angle board [ DES ENG ] A board whose surface tion resembling the letter L. { aŋиgəl ı ¯ иərn } is cut at a desired angle; serves as a guide for angle joint [ ENG ] A joint between two pieces of cutting or planing other boards at the same lumber which results in a change in direction. angle. { aŋиgəl bo ˙ rd } { aŋиgəl jo ˙ int } angle bond [ CIV ENG ] A tie used to bond ma- angle lacing [ CIV ENG ] A system of lacing in sonry work at wall corners. { aŋиgəl ba ¨ nd } which angle irons are used in place of bars. angle brace [ ENG ] A brace across the interior { aŋиgəl la ¯ sиiŋ } angle of two members that meet at an angle. angle method of adjustment [ ENG ] A method Also known as angle tie. { aŋиgəl bra ¯ s} of adjustment of observations which determines angle brick [ ENG ] Any brick having an oblique corrections to observed angles. { aŋиgəl shape to fit an oblique, salient corner. { aŋи methиəd əv əjəsиmənt } gəl brik } angle of action [ MECH ENG ] The angle of revo- angle clip [ CIV ENG ] A short strip of angle iron lution of either of two wheels in gear during used to secure structural elements at right which any particular tooth remains in contact. angles. { aŋиgəl klip } { aŋиgəl əv akиshən} angle closer [ ENG ] A specially shaped brick angle of advance See angular advance. { aŋиgəl used to close the bond at the corner of a wall. əv ədvans } { aŋиgəl klo ¯ zиər} angle of approach [ CIV ENG ] The maximum angle collar [ DES ENG ] A cast-iron pipe fitting angle of an incline onto which a vehicle can move which has a socket at each end for joining with from a horizontal plane without interference. the spigot ends of two pipes that are not in [ MECH ENG ] The angle that is turned through alignment. { aŋиgəl ka ¨ lиər} by either of paired wheels in gear from the first angle-control section See crossover. { aŋиgəl contact between a pair of teeth until the pitch kən¦tro ¯ l sekиshən} points of these teeth fall together. { aŋиgəl angle divider [ DES ENG ] A square for setting or əv əpro ¯ ch } bisecting angles; one side is an adjustable angle of bite See angle of nip. { aŋиgəl əv bı ¯ t} hinged blade. { aŋиgəldəvı ¯ dиər} angle of departure [ CIV ENG ] The maximum angle dozer [ MECH ENG ] A power-operated ma- angle of an incline from which a vehicle can move chine fitted with a blade, adjustable in height onto a horizontal plane without interference, and angle, for pushing, sidecasting, and spread- such as from rear bumpers. [ ELECTR ] See ing loose excavated material as for opencast pits, angle of radiation. { aŋиgəl əvdipa ¨ rиchər} clearing land, or leveling runways. Also known angle of depression [ ENG ] The angle in a verti- as angling dozer. { aŋиgəldo ¯ zиər} cal plane between the horizontal and a descend- angle equation [ ENG ] A condition equation ing line. Also known as depression angle; de- which expresses the relationship between the scending vertical angle; minus angle. { aŋиgəl sum of the measured angles of a closed figure əvdipreshиən} and the theoretical value of that sum, the un- angle of elevation [ ENG ] The angle in a vertical knowns being the corrections to the observed plane between the local horizontal and an as- directions or angles, depending on which are cending line, as from an observer to an object; used in the adjustment. Also known as triangle used in astronomy, surveying, and so on. Also equation. { aŋиgəlikwa ¯ иzhən} known as ascending vertical angle; elevation angle fillet [ ENG ] A wooden strip, triangular in cross section, which is used to cover the internal angle. { aŋиgəl əv elиəva ¯ иshən} 24 angular advance angle of external friction [ ENG ] The angle be- angle paddle [ ENG ] A hand tool used to finish a plastered surface. { aŋиgəl padиəl}tween the abscissa and the tangent of the curve representing the relationship of shearing resist- angle plate [ DES ENG ] An L-shaped plate or a plate having an angular section. { aŋиgəl pla ¯ t}ance to normal stress acting between soil and the surface of another material. Also known as angle post [ BUILD ] A railing support used at a landing or other break in the stairs. { aŋиgəlangle of wall friction. { aŋиgəl əvekstərnиəl frikиshən} po ¯ st } angle press [ MECH ENG ] A hydraulic plastics- angle of fall [ MECH ] The vertical angle at the level point, between the line of fall and the base molding press with both horizontal and vertical rams; used to produce complex moldings withof the trajectory. { aŋиgəl əv fo ˙ l} angle of impact [ MECH ] The acute angle be- deep undercuts. { aŋиgəl press } angle rafter [ BUILD ] A rafter, such as a hip rafter,tween the tangent to the trajectory at the point of impact of a projectile and the plane tangent at the angle of the roof. { aŋиgəl rafиtər} angle section [ CIV ENG ] A structural steel mem-to the surface of the ground or target at the point of impact. { aŋиgəl əv impakt } ber having an L-shaped cross section. { aŋиgəl sekиshən} angle of nip [ MECH ENG ] The largest angle that will just grip a lump between the jaws, rolls, or angle-stem thermometer [ ENG ] A device used to measure temperatures in oil-custody tanks;mantle and ring of a crusher. Also known as angle of bite; nip. { aŋиgəl əv nip } the angle of the calibrated stem may be 90Њ or greater to the sensitive portion of the thermome- angle of obliquity See angle of pressure. { aŋиgəl əvo ¯ blikиwədиe ¯ } ter, as needed to fit the tank shell contour. { aŋиgəl ¦stem thərma ¨ mиədиər} angle of orientation [ MECH ] Of a projectile in flight, the angle between the plane determined angle stile [ BUILD ] A narrow strip of wood used to conceal the joint between a wall and a verticalby the axis of the projectile and the tangent to the trajectory (direction of motion), and the wood surface which makes an angle with the wall, as at the edge of a corner cabinet. { aŋиvertical plane including the tangent to the trajec- tory. { aŋиgəl əv o ˙ rиe ¯ иənta ¯ иshən} gəl stı ¯ l} angle structure [ CIV ENG ] A method of building angle of pressure [ DES ENG ] The angle be- tween the profile of a gear tooth and a radial a tower for mechanical strength in which braces are placed at angles with respect to the verticalline at its pitch point. Also known as angle of obliquity. { aŋиgəl əv preshиər } support rods. { aŋиgəl strəkиchər} angle strut [ CIV ENG ] An angle-shaped struc- angle of recess [ MECH ENG ] The angle that is turned through by either of two wheels in gear, tural member which is designed to carry a com- pression load. { aŋиgəl strət}from the coincidence of the pitch points of a pair of teeth until the last point of contact of the angle valve [ DES ENG ] A manually operated valve with its outlet opening oriented at rightteeth. { aŋиgəl əv re ¯ ses } angle of repose [ ENG ] See angle of rest. angles to its inlet opening; used for regulating the flow of a fluid in a pipe. { aŋиgəl valv } [ MECH ] The angle between the horizontal and the plane of contact between two bodies when angle variable [ MECH ] The dynamical variable w conjugate to the action variable J, defined onlythe upper body is just about to slide over the lower. Also known as angle of friction. { aŋи for periodic motion. { aŋиgəl verиe ¯ иəиbəl} angling dozer See angle dozer. { aŋиgliŋdo ¯ zиər}gəl əvripo ¯ z} angle of rest [ ENG ] The maximum slope at angstrom [ MECH ] A unit of length, 10 Ϫ10 meter, used primarily to express wavelengths of opticalwhich a heap of any loose or fragmented solid material will stand without sliding, or will come spectra. Abbreviated A; A ˚ . Also known as tenthmeter. { aŋиstrəm}to rest when poured or dumped in a pile or on a slope. Also known as angle of repose. { aŋи A ˚ ngstro ¨ m compensation pyrheliometer [ ENG ] A pyrheliometer consisting of two identical Man-gəl əv rest } angle of thread [ DES ENG ] The angle occurring ganin strips, one shaded, the other exposed to sunlight; an electrical current is passed throughbetween the sides of a screw thread, measured in an axial plane. { aŋиgəl əv thred } the shaded strip to raise its temperature to that of the exposed strip, and the electric power re- angle of torsion [ MECH ] The angle through which a part of an object such as a shaft or wire quired to accomplish this is a measure of the solar radiation. { o ˙ ŋиstrəmka ¨ mиpənsa ¯ иshənis rotated from its normal position when a torque is applied. Also known as angle of twist. { aŋи ¦pı ¯ rhe ¯ le ¯ a ¨ mиədиər} angular acceleration [ MECH ] The time rate ofgəl əv to ˙ rиshən} angle of twist See angle of torsion. { aŋиgəl əvchange of angular velocity. { aŋиgyəиlərakselи əra ¯ иshən}twist } angle of wall friction See angle of external friction. angular accelerometer [ ENG ] An accelerome- ter that measures the rate of change of angular{ aŋиgəl əv ¦wo ˙ l frikиshən} angle of wrap [ DES ENG ] On a band brake velocity between two objects under observation. { aŋиgyəиlərakselиəra ¨ mиədиər}mechanism, the distance, expressed in degrees, that the brake band wraps around the brake angular advance [ MECH ENG ] The amount by which the angle between the crank of a steamflange. { aŋиgəl əv rap } 25 angular bitstalk engine and the virtual crank radius of the eccen- change of angular displacement. { aŋиgyəиlər tric exceeds a right angle. Also known as angle vəla ¨ sиədиe ¯ } of advance; angular lead. { aŋиgyəиlər ədvans } angulator [ ENG ] An instrument for converting angular bitstalk See angular bitstock. { aŋиgyəи angles measured on an oblique plane to their lər bitsto ˙ k} corresponding projections on a horizontal plane; angular bitstock [ MECH ENG ] A bitstock whose the rectoblique plotter and the photoangulator handles are positioned to permit its use in cor- are types. { aŋиgyəla ¯ dиər} ners and other cramped areas. Also known as aniline point [ CHEM ENG ] The minimum tem- angular bitstalk. { aŋиgyəиlər bitsta ¨ k} perature for a complete mixing of aniline and angular clearance [ DES ENG ] The relieved materials such as gasoline; used in some specifi- space located below the straight of a die, to cations to indicate the aromatic content of oils permit passage of blanks or slugs. { aŋиgyəиlər and to calculate approximate heat of combus- klirиəns } tion. { anиəlиən po ˙ int } angular-contact bearing [ MECH ENG ] A rolling- animal balance [ ENG ] A balance designed to contact antifriction bearing designed to carry weigh living animals, with a readout or display heavy thrust loads and also radial loads. { aŋи relatively unaffected by the pulse or movements gyəиlər ka ¨ ntakt berиiŋ } of the animal. { anиəиməl balиəns } angular cutter [ MECH ENG ] A tool-steel cutter animal power [ MECH ENG ] The time rate at used for finishing surfaces at angles greater or which muscular work is done by a work animal, less than 90Њ with its axis of rotation. { anиgyəи such as a horse, bullock, or elephant. { anиəи lər kədиər} məl pau ˙ иər} angular error of closure See error of closure. anisotropic membrane [ CHEM ENG ] An ultrafil- { anиgyəиlər erиər əv klo ¯ zhиər} tration membrane which has a thin skin at the angular gear [ MECH ENG ] A gear that transmits separating surface and is supported by a spongy motion between two rotating shafts that are not sublayer of membrane material. { ¦anı ¯ иsə¦tra ¨ pи parallel. Also known as angle gear. { anиgyəи ik membra ¯ n} lər ge ¯ r} anker [ MECH ] A unit of capacity equal to 10 U.S. angular impulse [ MECH ] The integral of the gallons (37.854 liters); used to measure liquids, torque applied to a body over time. { anиgyəи especially honey, oil, vinegar, spirits, and wine. lər impəls } { aŋиkər} angular lead See angular advance. { aŋиgyəиlər anneal [ ENG ] To treat a metal, alloy, or glass le ¯ d} with heat and then cool to remove internal angular length [ MECH ] A length expressed in stresses and to make the material less brittle. the unit of the length per radian or degree of a Also known as temper. { əne ¯ l} specified wave. { aŋиgyəиlər leŋkth } annealing furnace [ ENG ] A furnace for anneal- angular milling [ MECH ENG ] Milling surfaces ing metals or glass. Also known as annealing that are flat and at an angle to the axis of the oven. { əne ¯ lиiŋfərиnəs} spindle of the milling machine. { aŋиgyəиlər annealing oven See annealing furnace. { əne ¯ lиiŋ milиiŋ } əvиən} angular momentum [ MECH ] 1. The cross prod- annealing point [ THERMO ] The temperature at uct of a vector from a specified reference point to which the viscosity of a glass is 10 13.0 poises. a particle, with the particle’s linear momentum. Also known as annealing temperature; 13.0 tem- Also known as moment of momentum. 2. For a perature. { əne ¯ lиiŋpo ˙ int } system of particles, the vector sum of the angular annealing temperature See annealing point. momenta (first definition) of the particles. { əne ¯ lиiŋtemиprəиchər} { aŋиgyəиlərməmentиəm} annual cost comparison [ IND ENG ] A method angular pitch [ DES ENG ] The angle determined of selecting from among several alternative proj- by the length along the pitch circle of a gear ects or courses of action on the basis of their between successive teeth. { aŋиgyəиlər pich } annual costs, including depreciation. { anиyəи angular rate See angular speed. { aŋиgyəиlər ra ¯ t} wəl ko ˙ st kəmparиəиsən} angular shear [ MECH ENG ] A shear effected by annular auger [ DES ENG ] A ring-shaped boring two cutting edges inclined to each other to re- tool which cuts an annular channel, leaving the duce the force needed for shearing. { aŋиgyəи core intact. { anиyəиlər o ˙ gиər} lər she ¯ r} annular gear [ DES ENG ] A gear having a cylin- angular speed [ MECH ] Change of direction per drical form. { anиyəиlər gir } unit time, as of a target on a radar screen, without annular nozzle [ DES ENG ] A nozzle with a ring- regard to the direction of the rotation axis; in shaped orifice. { anиyəиlər na ¨ zиəl} other words, the magnitude of the angular veloc- annular section [ ENG ] The open space between ity vector. Also known as angular rate. { aŋи two concentric tubes, pipes, or vessels. { anи gyəиlər spe ¯ d} yəиlər sekиshən} angular travel error [ MECH ] The error which is annunciator [ ENG ] A signaling apparatus which introduced into a predicted angle obtained by operates electromagnetically and serves to indi- multiplying an instantaneous angular velocity by cate visually, or visually and audibly, whether a a time of flight. { aŋиgyəиlər travиəl erиər} angular velocity [ MECH ] The time rate of current is flowing, has flowed, or has changed 26 antiresonance direction of flow in one or more circuits. overlaid on a hard, resistant one. { anиte ¯ frikи shənmətirиe ¯ иəl}{ ənənиse ¯ иa ¯ dиər} anode [ ELEC ] The terminal at which current en- anti-g suit See g suit. { ¦anиte ¯ ¦je ¯ su ¨ t} antiknock blending value [ ENG ] The numericalters a primary cell or storage battery; it is positive with respect to the device, and negative with improvement by an antiknock additive to gaso- line octane, often a greater amount than therespect to the external circuit. [ ELECTR ] 1. The collector of electrons in an electron tube. additive’s own octane value. { anиte ¯ na ¨ k blendиiŋvalиyu ¨ }Also known as plate; positive electrode. 2. In a semiconductor diode, the terminal toward which antiknock rating [ ENG ] Measurement of the ability of an automotive gasoline to resist deto-forward current flows from the external circuit. { ano ¯ d } nation or pinging in spark-ignited engines. { anиte ¯ na ¨ k ra ¯ dиiŋ } anode current [ ELECTR ] The electron current flowing through an electron tube from the cath- antilock braking system [ MECH ENG ] For vehi- cles, a sensor-control system found in brakingode to the anode. Also known as plate current. { ano ¯ d kərиənt } systems which prevents wheel lockup while allowing the brakes to continue slowing the anomalous expansion [ THERMO ] An increase in the volume of a substance that results from wheel. Abbreviated ABS. { ¦anиte ¯ la ¨ k bra ¯ kиiŋ sisиtəm}a decrease in its temperature, such as is dis- played by water at temperatures between 0 and antimagnetic [ ENG ] Constructed so as to avoid the influence of magnetic fields, usually by the4ЊC (32 and 39ЊF). { əna ¨ mиəиləsikspanиshən} anomaly finder [ ENG ] A computer-controlled use of nonmagnetic materials and by magnetic shielding. { anиte ¯ magnedиik }data-plotting system used on ships to measure and record seismic, gravity, magnetic, and other antinoise microphone [ ENG ACOUS ] Micro- phone with characteristics which discriminategeophysical data and water depth, time, course, and speed. { əna ¨ mиəиle ¯ fı ¯ nиdər } against acoustic noise. { ¦anиte ¯ ¦no ˙ iz miиkrə fo ¯ n} anonymous dimensionless group 1–4 [ CHEM ENG ] Four of the dimensionless groups, used antiozonant [ CHEM ENG ] A protective agent which can be added to rubber during processingto solve problems in transfer processes, gas ab- sorption in wetted-wall columns, and laminar to diminish the deteriorating effects of ozone. { anиte ¯ o ¯ иzəиnənt }boundary-layer flow. { əna ¨ nиəиməsdi¦menи shənиləs gru ¨ p ¦wəntə ¦fo ˙ r} antipercolator [ MECH ENG ] In an automotive engine, a valve in the carburetor that is designed antenna circuit [ ELECTR ] A complete electric circuit which includes an antenna. { antenиə to vent vapor when the throttle plate is closed; prevents fuel from dropping into the carburetorsərиkət} antenna tilt error [ ENG ] Angular difference be- due to unvented pressure. { anиte ¯ pərиkə la ¯ dиər}tween the tilt angle of a radar antenna shown on a mechanical indicator, and the electrical cen- antiquing [ ENG ] 1. Producing a rich glow on the surface of a leather by applying stain, wax, orter of the radar beam. { antenиətilt erиər} anticathode [ ELECTR ] The anode or target of an oil, allowing it to set, and rubbing or brushing the leather. 2. A technique of handling wet paintx-ray tube, on which the stream of electrons from the cathode is focused and from which x-rays to expose parts of the undercoat, by combing, graining, or marbling. Also known as broken-are emitted. { ¦anиte ¯ katho ¯ d} antichlor [ CHEM ENG ] A chemical used in the color work. { ante ¯ kиiŋ } antirad [ CHEM ENG ] An inhibitor incorporatedmanufacture of paper or textiles to remove ex- cess chlorine or bleaching solution. { ¦anи into rubber during manufacturing to reduce the degrading effects of radiation. { ¦anиte¦rad }tiklo ˙ r} anticollision radar [ ENG ] A radar set designed antiradar coating [ ENG ] A surface treatment used to reduce the reflection of electromagneticto give warning of possible collisions during movements of ships or aircraft. { anиte ¯ иkəliи waves so as to avoid radar detection. { anиte ¯ ra ¯ da ¨ r ¦ko ¯ dиiŋ }zhən ra ¯ da ¨ r} anticreeper [ CIV ENG ] A device attached to a antirattle spring [ MECH ENG ] In an automotive vehicle, a spring installed to hold parts in therailroad rail to prevent it from moving in the direction of its length. { anиte ¯ kre ¯ pиər } clutches and the disk brakes together; prevents rattling. { anиte ¯ radиəl spriŋ } antidieseling solenoid See idle-stop solenoid. { antиi¦de ¯ zиəlиiŋso ¯ иləno ˙ id } anti-redeposition agent [ CHEM ENG ] An addi- tive used in a detergent to help prevent soil from antifriction [ MECH ] Making friction smaller in magnitude. [ MECH ENG ] Employing a rolling resettling on a fabric after it has been removed during washing. { ¦anиte ¯ re ¯ depиəzishиən a ¯ иcontact instead of a sliding contact. { anиte ¯ frikиshən} jənt } antireflection coating [ ENG ] The application of antifriction bearing [ MECH ENG ] Any bearing having the capability of reducing friction effec- a thin film of dielectric material to a surface to reduce its reflection and to increase its transmis-tively. { anиte ¯ frikиshən berиiŋ } antifriction material [ ENG ] A machine element sion of light or other electromagnetic radiation. { anиte ¯ иriflekиshən ko ¯ dиiŋ }made of Babbitt metal, lignum vitae, rubber, or a combination of a soft, easily deformable metal antiresonance [ ELEC ] See parallel resonance. 27 [...]... the undersurface of an arch { arch rib } ¨ arch ring [CIV ENG] A curved member that provides the main support of an arched structure { arch riŋ } ¨ arch truss [CIV ENG] A truss having the form of an arch or arches { arch trəs } ¨ arc of action See arc of contact { ¦ark əv akиshən } ¨ arc of approach [DES ENG] In toothed gearing, the part of the arc of contact along which the flank of the driving wheel... water by means of a rotating broadthreaded screw or spirally bent tube within an ¨ inclined hollow cylinder { ¦arиkə¦med ez skru } ¨ ¯ ¯ arching [CIV ENG] 1 The transfer of stress from a yielding part of a soil mass to adjoining lessyielding or restrained parts of the mass 2 A system of arches 3 The arched part of a structure { archиiŋ } ¨ architectural acoustics [CIV ENG] The science of planning and... face of the driven wheel { ¦ark əv ə proch } ¨ ¯ arc of contact [MECH ENG] 1 The angular distance over which a gear tooth travels while it is in contact with its mating tooth Also known as arc of action 2 The angular distance a pulley travels while in contact with a belt or rope { ¦ark əv kan takt } ¨ ¨ arc of recess [DES ENG] In toothed gearing, the part of the arc of contact wherein the face of the... that rain runs off { arиəs ¦filиət } arris gutter [BUILD] A V-shaped wooden gutter fixed to the eaves of a building { arиəs ¦gədиər } arris hip tile [BUILD] A special roof tile having an L-shaped cross section, made to fit over the hip of a roof Also known as hip tile { arиəs hip tıl } ¯ arris rail [CIV ENG] A rail of triangular section, usually formed by slitting diagonally a strip of square section... axis of a projectile in flight and the axis of a radar beam { a spekt aŋиgəl } aspect ratio [DES ENG] 1 The ratio of frame width to frame height in television; it is 4:3 in the United States and Britain 2 In any rectangular configuration (such as the cross section of a rectangular duct), the ratio of the longer dimension to the shorter [MECH ENG] In an automotive vehicle, the ratio of the height of a... air diffuser, to minimize the formation of rings of dirt on the ceiling { ¦anиte¦sməj riŋ } ¯ antitheft device [MECH ENG] A piece of equipment installed on an automotive vehicle in order to prevent or slow down theft; designs include mechanical locks on the steering wheel and ignition switch as well as other means of shutting off the ignition system, shutting off fuel flow, or sounding an alarm { anиte... ¦prasиəs } ¨ ¨ arcticization [ENG] The preparation of equipment for operation in an environment of extremely low temperatures { ¦ardиik ı zaиshən } ¨ ¯ ¯ arc triangulation [ENG] A system of triangulation in which an arc of a great circle on the surface of the earth is followed in order to tie in two distant points { ark tri aŋиgyə laиshən } ¨ ¯ are [MECH] A unit of area, used mainly in agriculture, equal to... the force of gravity is maintained in an unstable equilibrium with the restoring force { asи tə tızd gra vimиədиər } ¯ astern [ENG] To the rear of an aircraft, vehicle, or vessel; behind; from the back { ə stərn } astragal [BUILD] 1 A small convex molding decorated with a string of beads or bead-andreel shapes 2 A plain bead molding 3 A member, or combination of members, fixed to one of a pair of doors... a roof frame and give the effect of an arch { arch bras } ¨ ¯ arch bridge [CIV ENG] A bridge having arches as the main supports { arch brij } ¨ arch center [CIV ENG] A temporary structure for support of the parts of a masonry or concrete arch during its construction { arch ¦senиtər } ¨ arch corner bead [BUILD] A corner bead which is cut on the job; used to form and reinforce the curved portion of arch... of the driving wheel touches the flank of the driven wheel { ¦ark əv re ses } ¨ ¯ arcometer [ENG] A device for determining the density of a liquid by measuring the apparent weight loss of a solid of known mass and volume when it is immersed in the liquid { ar kamи ¨ ¨ ədиər } arc process [CHEM ENG] A former process that used electric arcs for fixation (oxidation) of atmospheric nitrogen to manufacture . } gəl brik } angle of action [ MECH ENG ] The angle of revo- angle clip [ CIV ENG ] A short strip of angle iron lution of either of two wheels in gear. component consiting density of a liquid by measuring the apparent of an interconnected set of links and powered weight loss of a solid of known mass and volume