Test bank for astronomy a beginners guide to the universe 8th edition by chaisson

Test Bank for Astronomy A Beginners Guide to the Universe 8th Edition by Chaisson Full file at https://TestbankDirect.eu/ Exam Name _ TRUE/FALSE Write 'T' if the statement is true and 'F' if the statement is false 1) Right ascension in the sky is very similar to latitude on the Earth 1) 2) Latitude and right ascension are coordinate systems used to find objects on the celestial sphere 2) 3) The celestial sphere is divided into 88 modern constellations 3) 4) In the sky, declination is measured in degrees north or south of the celestial equator 4) 5) The south celestial pole is located at a declination of -90 degrees 5) 6) In general, the brightest star in a given constellation is designated as alpha 6) 7) Constellations are close clusters of stars, all at about the same distance from the Sun 7) 8) The closest terrestrial analog to hours of right ascension is angle of longitude 8) 9) Over 20,000 stars are visible to the naked eye on the darkest, clearest nights 9) 10) A star with a right ascension of 2.6 hrs will rise 2.6 hours after the vernal equinox 10) 11) A tropical year is the same as a sidereal year 11) 12) The sidereal day is determined by the Earth's rotation with respect to the stars 12) 13) The vernal equinox marks the beginning of spring in the northern hemisphere 13) 14) There are 3,600 arc seconds in a degree 14) 15) An hour of right ascension corresponds to 60 degrees in the sky 15) 16) From Earth, the Sun and Moon have about the same angular diameter 16) 17) At the solstices, the Sun's declination will be 23.5 degrees from the equator 17) 18) At the equinoxes, the declination of the Sun must be zero degrees 18) 19) As it orbits the Earth, the Moon appears to move its own diameter (0.5 degrees) eastward every hour against the background stars 19) 20) From full moon to third quarter moon takes about a week 20) 21) Only people in the Moon's umbral shadow can see a total solar eclipse 21) Full file at https://TestbankDirect.eu/ Test Bank for Astronomy A Beginners Guide to the Universe 8th Edition by Chaisson Full file at https://TestbankDirect.eu/ 22) If we are the Moon's penumbra, then we will see a partial lunar eclipse 22) 23) There is a solar eclipse of some kind every new moon 23) 24) Eighteen days past new moon, the Moon's phase is waning gibbous 24) 25) A total solar eclipse will only occur when the new moon is both on the ecliptic and at its greatest distance from Earth 25) 26) The larger the parallax shift, the closer an object is to us 26) 27) The parallax shift for all stars is very small 27) 28) Increasing the baseline will increase the parallax angle 28) 29) In the scientific method, it is not necessary to test your theory 29) MULTIPLE CHOICE Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question 30) Drawing on Eratosthenes' method, if two observers are due north and south of each other and are separated by 400 km, what is the circumference of their spherical world if they see the same star on their meridian at altitudes of 23 degrees and 47 degrees respectively, and at the exact same time? A) 2,000 km B) 4,000 km C) 6,000 km D) 8,000 km E) 12,000 km 30) 31) The star Wolf 1061 has a parallax of 2.34 arc seconds, while the star Ross 652 has a parallax of 1.70 arc seconds What can you correctly conclude? A) Wolf 1061 must have a larger proper motion than Ross 652 B) Ross 652 is closer to Earth than Wolf 1061 C) Wolf 1061 is closer to Earth than Ross 652 D) Ross 652 must have a larger proper motion than Wolf 1061 E) Both stars are outside the Milky Way galaxy 31) 32) The greatest distance above or below the ecliptic the Moon can move is A) 5.2 degrees B) 23.5 degrees C) 27.3 degrees D) 29.5 degrees E) 30 degrees 32) 33) In an annular eclipse, A) the Moon appears as a thin, bright ring B) the Sun is partially blocked by the Earth C) the Moon is totally blocked by the Earth D) the Sun appears as a thin, bright ring E) the Sun is totally blocked by the Moon 33) Full file at https://TestbankDirect.eu/ Test Bank for Astronomy A Beginners Guide to the Universe 8th Edition by Chaisson Full file at https://TestbankDirect.eu/ 34) If you are in the Earth's umbra on the Earth's surface, then A) the Sun is always visible B) the Moon is always visible C) it must be a total solar eclipse D) it must be a lunar eclipse of some type E) it is night time 34) 35) The synodic month is A) 29.5 days B) the basis of the year we use in our modern calendar C) about two days shorter than the sidereal month D) based on the Moon's position relative to the stars E) caused by both the Earth's and Moon's rotations 35) 36) If the Moon appears half lit, and is almost overhead about 6:00 AM, its phase is A) waning crescent B) first quarter C) waxing crescent D) third quarter E) full 36) 37) If new moon fell on March 2nd, what is the Moon's phase on March 14th? A) first quarter B) waning crescent C) waxing gibbous D) full E) waxing crescent 37) 38) A solar eclipse can only happen during a A) new moon B) solstice C) perihelion passage of the Sun D) first quarter moon E) full moon 38) 39) What will occur when the full moon is on the ecliptic? A) a partial solar eclipse B) a total lunar eclipse C) a partial lunar eclipse if the Moon is at perigee D) an annular lunar eclipse E) a total solar eclipse 39) 40) If you are in the Moon's umbral shadow, then you are witnessing A) nighttime B) some kind of lunar eclipse C) a total lunar eclipse D) a partial solar eclipse E) a total solar eclipse 40) Full file at https://TestbankDirect.eu/ Test Bank for Astronomy A Beginners Guide to the Universe 8th Edition by Chaisson Full file at https://TestbankDirect.eu/ 41) The time for the Moon to orbit Earth, relative to the stars is A) 23 hours, 56 minutes B) about days C) 27.3 days D) 29.5 days E) 18 years, 11.3 days 42) The interval from new Moon to first quarter is about a(n) A) hour B) day C) week 41) 42) D) month E) year 43) The star Thuban in Draco A) lies as the center of the precession cycle B) is used to locate the vernal equinox C) was an excellent north pole star in 3,000 BC D) is brighter than Polaris E) lies halfway between the bowls of the Big and Little Dippers 43) 44) If Scorpius is now prominent in the summer sky, in 13,000 years it will be best seen A) in the winter sky B) in the spring sky C) in the autumn D) at the same season; the heavens not change E) It will not be visible then at all All of its stars will have vanished by then 44) 45) If Taurus is now rising at sunset, which constellation will rise at sunset next month? A) Aries B) Aquarius C) Scorpius D) Pisces E) Gemini 45) 46) The fact that the Earth has moved along its orbit in the time it took to rotate once is the reason for A) precession B) the position of the Celestial Equator C) seasons D) the difference between solar and sidereal time E) Earth's 23.5-degree tilt 46) 47) When the Moon is directly opposite the Sun in the sky, its phase is A) first or third quarter B) waxing or waning gibbous C) waxing or waning crescent D) full E) new 47) 48) You note that a particular star is directly overhead It will be directly overhead again in A) hour B) 12 hours C) 23 hours 56 minutes D) 24 hours E) 24 hours minutes 48) Full file at https://TestbankDirect.eu/ Test Bank for Astronomy A Beginners Guide to the Universe 8th Edition by Chaisson Full file at https://TestbankDirect.eu/ 49) As you watch a star, you see it move 15 degrees across the sky How long have you been watching it? A) 15 seconds B) hour C) 15 minutes D) minute E) hours 49) 50) That Polaris will not always be the pole star is due to A) the Earth's revolution being slightly less than exactly 365.25 days B) the Moon following the ecliptic, instead of the equator C) precession shifting the celestial pole D) the sidereal day being shorter than the solar day E) the Solar winds blowing the Earth farther away from the Sun 50) 51) From the horizon to the observer's zenith is an angle of A) 90 degrees for everyone on the Earth B) 0.0 degrees for an observer at the Earth's north pole C) 66.5 degrees for everyone on the Earth D) 30 degrees for observers at a latitude of 30 degrees north E) 23.5 degrees for observers at the Tropics of Cancer and Capricorn 51) Full file at https://TestbankDirect.eu/ Test Bank for Astronomy A Beginners Guide to the Universe 8th Edition by Chaisson Full file at https://TestbankDirect.eu/ 52) This diagram explains 52) A) the reason for the solstices B) the difference between solar time and sidereal time C) precession D) the sidereal day's relation to the seasons E) the solar day's relation to the Moon 53) The 26,000 year cycle that changes the poles and equinoxes is called A) regression B) the Earth's rotation C) revolution D) a retrograde loop E) precession Full file at https://TestbankDirect.eu/ 53) Test Bank for Astronomy A Beginners Guide to the Universe 8th Edition by Chaisson Full file at https://TestbankDirect.eu/ 54) The twelve constellations the solar system bodies move through are the A) signs of the zodiac B) stages of heaven C) nodes of the ecliptic D) galactic equator E) equatorial constellations 54) 55) A star with a right ascension of 1.0 hours will rise A) 13.0 hours before the vernal equinox B) 1.0 hours after the vernal equinox C) 1.0 hours before the vernal equinox D) at the same time as the vernal equinox E) 11.0 hours after the vernal equinox 55) 56) What are constellations? A) groups of stars making an apparent pattern in the celestial sphere B) apparent groupings of stars and planets visible on a given evening C) groups of stars gravitationally bound and appearing close together in the sky D) groups of galaxies gravitationally bound and close together in the sky E) ancient story boards, useless to modern astronomers 56) 57) A star with a declination of +60.0 degrees will be A) east of the vernal equinox B) west of the vernal equinox C) south of the celestial equator D) north of the celestial equator E) None of these answers is correct 57) 58) Into how many constellations is the celestial sphere divided? A) 12 B) 44 C) 57 58) D) 88 E) 110 59) In general, what is true of the alpha star in a constellation? A) It is the westernmost star in the constellation B) It is the reddest star in the constellation C) It is the easternmost star in the constellation D) It is the star that is closest to Earth E) It is the brightest star in the constellation 59) 60) If the Moon rises at sunset, then its phase must be A) full B) waxing crescent C) new D) third quarter E) waning gibbous 60) Full file at https://TestbankDirect.eu/ Test Bank for Astronomy A Beginners Guide to the Universe 8th Edition by Chaisson Full file at https://TestbankDirect.eu/ 61) If the Moon is on the ecliptic, new, and at its farthest distance from Earth, we will get a(n) eclipse A) partial solar B) annular solar C) total solar D) annual lunar E) total lunar 61) 62) Over the course of the year, the Sun's noon altitude varies by degrees A) 45 B) 23.5 C) 47 D) 180 62) E) 90 63) If one star has a parallax ten times larger than another's, the first star is than the second A) five times further B) five times closer C) ten times further D) ten times closer SHORT ANSWER Write the word or phrase that best completes each statement or answers the question 64) Like latitude on Earth, in the sky is measured in degrees north and south of the equator 64) 65) The twelve constellations through which the Sun passes are signs of the 65) 66) The time interval of 365.242 days is defined as the 66) 67) The time for the Moon to orbit the Earth, relative to the distant stars is the 67) 68) The apparent annual path the Sun takes through the sky is called the 68) 69) Our seasons are a consequence of the Earth's 23.5 degree 69) 70) That we not get eclipses every new and full Moon is due to the degree tilt of the Moon's orbit, relative to the ecliptic 70) 71) The apparent angular shift of any object across a distant background, when viewed from two different places, is called shift 71) 72) Sirius has a parallax of 0.38", while Alpha Centauri's is 0.77." Alpha Centauri is about as Sirius 72) 73) If two observatories on opposite sides of the Earth were to measure the position of a star to calculate its parallax, then the diameter of the Earth would be the 73) 74) One of the requirements of the Scientific Method is that an experiment must be 74) 75) What both latitude on Earth and declination in the sky measure? 75) 76) How is right ascension similar to longitude on Earth? 76) Full file at https://TestbankDirect.eu/ 63) Test Bank for Astronomy A Beginners Guide to the Universe 8th Edition by Chaisson Full file at https://TestbankDirect.eu/ 77) What are the minimum and maximum values for declination in the sky for both north and south? 77) 78) How are right ascension in the sky and longitude on Earth different? 78) 79) Define the celestial sphere 79) 80) What are the minimum and maximum values for right ascension in the sky? 80) 81) Which is longer, the sidereal or solar day? By how much? 81) 82) At the solstice, what is the maximum angle the Sun can be above or below the equator? 82) 83) How far above or below the ecliptic can the Sun move? 83) 84) If intending to teach his students the constellations by season, why would an astronomy instructor be advised to always assign the stars in the current western sky at the beginning of each term? 84) 85) Which star shows the least motion in the northern sky over the course of an hour? 85) 86) Pensacola, Florida lies at a latitude of 30 degrees north Where is Polaris in its sky? 86) 87) How far above or below the equator can the Sun appear to move? Why? 87) 88) What happens on or about March 20th, and what does the name signify? 88) 89) Why are some solar eclipses total, and others annular? 89) 90) What is the length of the sidereal month, and how is it determined? 90) 91) How long does the synodic month take, and how it this observed? 91) 92) How far above and below the celestial equator can the Sun move? 92) 93) The first quarter moon rises about noon today; what will its phase be, and when will it rise tomorrow? 93) 94) The last quarter moon rises tonight about midnight; when will it rise, and what will its phase be tomorrow night? 94) 95) If the Moon rises exactly at sunset, what will its phase be? Why? 95) 96) Why is Polaris not always the pole star, and when does it get another chance? 96) Full file at https://TestbankDirect.eu/ Test Bank for Astronomy A Beginners Guide to the Universe 8th Edition by Chaisson Full file at https://TestbankDirect.eu/ 97) If Sirius transits my local meridian tonight at 6:43 PM, when will it transit tomorrow? 97) 98) Compare and contrast latitude and declination How does each relate to your position on Earth? 98) 99) Compare and contrast longitude and right ascension 99) 100) Compare hours of right ascension to time zones on the Earth 100) 101) The Sun and stars rise in the east, and set in the west Contrast ancient and modern explanations for this observation 101) 102) Contrast the sidereal and solar days 102) 103) Why can many more people witness a total lunar eclipse than a total solar eclipse? 103) 104) What conditions are necessary for a total solar eclipse? 104) 105) What is the astronomical significance of 26,000 years? 105) 106) Describe how Eratosthenes measured the circumference of our planet 106) 107) Which is longer, the sidereal or synodic month? Why? 107) 108) We get a new and full moon every month Why don't we get two eclipses every month? 108) 10 Full file at https://TestbankDirect.eu/ Test Bank for Astronomy A Beginners Guide to the Universe 8th Edition by Chaisson Full file atKey https://TestbankDirect.eu/ Answer Testname: UNTITLED1 1) FALSE 2) FALSE 3) TRUE 4) TRUE 5) TRUE 6) TRUE 7) FALSE 8) TRUE 9) FALSE 10) TRUE 11) FALSE 12) TRUE 13) TRUE 14) TRUE 15) FALSE 16) TRUE 17) TRUE 18) TRUE 19) TRUE 20) TRUE 21) TRUE 22) FALSE 23) FALSE 24) TRUE 25) FALSE 26) TRUE 27) TRUE 28) TRUE 29) FALSE 30) C 31) C 32) A 33) D 34) E 35) A 36) D 37) C 38) A 39) B 40) E 41) C 42) C 43) C 44) A 45) E 46) D 47) D 48) C 49) B 50) C 11 Full file at https://TestbankDirect.eu/ Test Bank for Astronomy A Beginners Guide to the Universe 8th Edition by Chaisson Full file atKey https://TestbankDirect.eu/ Answer Testname: UNTITLED1 51) A 52) B 53) E 54) A 55) B 56) A 57) D 58) D 59) E 60) A 61) B 62) C 63) D 64) declination 65) zodiac 66) tropical year 67) sidereal month 68) ecliptic 69) axial tilt 70) 5.2 (or just 5) 71) parallax or parallactic 72) twice as close, or half as far 73) baseline 74) repeatable 75) Angular distance in degrees above or below the geographical and celestial equators 76) Both measure positions east or west from a fixed point; Greenwich on Earth, the vernal equinox in the sky 77) From the equator at degrees, to +90 degrees for the north celestial pole, and down to -90 degrees for the south celestial pole 78) Right ascension is measured in units of time eastward from the vernal equinox, while longitude is measured in degrees east or west of the Greenwich meridian 79) An imaginary hollow sphere, with Earth at its center, on which all the stars (and other celestial bodies) are fixed As the sphere rotates around the Earth, the stars move across our sky 80) From to 24 hours, going eastward from the vernal equinox 81) The solar day is approximately four minutes longer than the sidereal day 82) +23.5 degrees in summer and -23.5 degrees in winter 83) The Sun follows the ecliptic eastward across the sky, never leaving it 84) As the Earth revolves around the Sun, the Sun appears to move one degree eastward per day These stars are, therefore, soon lost in the Sun's glare 85) Polaris, the North Star, lies within a degree of the celestial pole, and does not move noticeably with the naked eye over an entire night 86) 30 degrees high in the north 87) The Earth's axial tilt means the Sun's declination can reach 23.5 degrees north or south of the equator at the solstices 88) The vernal equinox, because the days and nights are approximately equal in length 89) The Moon's orbit is not a perfect circle When the Moon is closer to Earth, it is big enough to cover the Sun completely; when it is too far away it appears smaller, so a ring of sunlight is still seen 90) It takes 27.3 days for the Moon to revolve around us and return to the same position against the background of stars 91) The phase cycle of the Moon takes 29.5 days to return to exactly the same phase 92) The Sun never appears more than 23.5 degrees above or the below the celestial equator 93) It will be waxing gibbous, and rise about 1:00 PM by the next day 94) It will rise about an hour later, about 1:00 AM, and be a waning crescent by then 12 Full file at https://TestbankDirect.eu/ Test Bank for Astronomy A Beginners Guide to the Universe 8th Edition by Chaisson Full file atKey https://TestbankDirect.eu/ Answer Testname: UNTITLED1 95) The phase will be full because it is rising opposite the Sun 96) Precession of the Earth's axis of rotation takes around 26,000 years 97) It will transit at 6:39 PM tomorrow night, as the Earth spins once in a sidereal day 98) Both are measured in degrees north or south of the equator, and are used to find positions on the Earth or in the sky If you are at latitude 30 degrees north, then the stars that pass through your zenith (directly overhead) will have a corresponding declination of +30 degrees 99) Longitude is measured in degrees both east and west of the Greenwich meridian, but right ascension is measured in units of time as the Earth rotates, and goes only eastward from the vernal equinox 100) Like time zones, hours of right ascension are 15 degrees wide, and they run eastward across the sky from the Vernal Equinox, much like the time zones originate from the Prime Meridian 101) The ancients thought there was a vast celestial sphere, spinning over our heads once a day, and that the stars, Sun, Moon, and planets are all carried along for the ride We now recognize it is the Earth itself that rotates eastward, creating this apparent westward motion of celestial bodies 102) The Earth rotates once on its axis every 23 hours, 56 minutes, and thus turns to face the same distant star in that interval But we are also revolving around the Sun at one degree eastward per day, hence the Sun appears to have moved eastward from one day to the next, and it takes a full 24 hours to align with the Sun again 103) For a total solar eclipse to be seen, the observer must be in the Moon's umbra, a shadow only about a hundred miles across, while everyone on the night side of the Earth can look up to witness the full moon moving though our shadow 104) The Moon must be at new phase (directly between Earth and the Sun), it must also be both at the closer distance in its orbit and on the ecliptic (crossing a node) Only people on those parts of the Earth where the Moon's umbral shadow passes will see a total solar eclipse 105) The Earth's rotational axis itself rotates over this precession cycle, which also changes the location of the poles, equinoxes, and solstices in the sky 106) Using the fact that the noon solstice Sun was directly overhead at Syene, on the Tropic of Cancer, yet was degrees south of the zenith in Alexandria, Eratosthenes realized this was due to the curvature of the Earth, and that the degrees was about 1/50th of the Earth's total circumference, so the Earth must be about fifty times larger in circumference than the 800 kilometer separation between Alexandria and Syene, or about 40,000 kilometers around 107) The synodic month takes an extra two days, because the Earth is also revolving around the Sun, so after 27.3 days the Moon returns to the same place among the stars, but the Earth has revolved about 27 degrees ahead of where it was last month; it takes the Moon two days to catch up to us 108) The Moon's orbit is tilted 5.2 degrees to the Earth's orbit (the ecliptic), and the disks of the Sun and Moon are only about degrees wide Most months the new and full moon pass too far from the ecliptic for the Earth's and Moon's shadows to make eclipses occur 13 Full file at https://TestbankDirect.eu/