Research Methods in Occupational Health Psychology Research Methods in Occupational Health Psychology Measurement, Design, and Data Analysis Edited by Robert R Sinclair, Ph.D Clemson University Mo Wang, Ph.D University of Florida Lois E Tetrick, Ph.D George Mason University First published 2013 by Routledge 711 Th ird Avenue, New York, NY 10017 Simultaneously published in the UK by Routledge 27 Church Road, Hove, East Sussex BN3 2FA Routledge is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group, an informa business © 2013 Taylor & Francis The right of the editors to be identified as the authors of the editorial material, and of the authors for their individual chapters, has been asserted in accordance with sections 77 and 78 of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988 All rights reserved No part of this book may be reprinted or reproduced or utilised in any form or by any electronic, mechanical, or other means, now known or hereafter invented, including photocopying and recording, or in any information storage or retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publishers Trademark notice: Product or corporate names may be trademarks or registered trademarks, and are used only for identification and explanation without intent to infringe Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data Research methods in occupational health psychology : measurement, design, and data analysis / edited by Robert R Sinclair, Mo Wang, Lois E Tetrick p cm Includes bibliographical references and index ISBN 978-0-415-87932-3 (hardback : alk paper) Industrial psychiatry Clinical health psychology—Research—Methodology I Sinclair, Robert R II Wang, Mo III Tetrick, Lois E RC967.5.R48 201 2616.890072–dc 232012012141 ISBN: 978-0-415-87932-3 (hbk) ISBN: 978-0-203-09524-9 (ebk) Typeset in Minion and Optima by EvS Communication Networx, Inc Contents About the Editors ix About the Contributors xiii Foreword xvii Joseph J Hurrell, Jr Preface xix Acknowledgments Part I Measurement Measurement of Immune System Functioning xxiii Bengt B Arnetz and Matthew Ventimiglia Measurement of Musculoskeletal Functioning 19 Robert J Gatchel, Emily Brede, Yunhee Choi, Krista Howard, and Whitney E Worzer Measurement Issues in Work–Family Research 31 M Gloria González-Morales, Lois E Tetrick, and Ryan Ginter Measurement of Sleep and Sleepiness 49 June J Pilcher, Michelle L Burnett, and James A McCubbin Measurement of Emotions 61 Seth Kaplan, Reeshad S Dalal, and Joseph N Luchman How to Think About and Measure Psychological Well-Being 76 Peter Warr Measurement of Interpersonal Mistreatment in Organizations Lilia M Cortina and Lisa A Marchiondo 91 vi Contents The Measurement of Depression and Anxiety in Occupational Health Psychology 107 Jay C Thomas, Björn Bergström, and Johan Rosqvist Measurement of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder in an Occupational Health Context 122 Amy B Adler, Terence M Keane, and Paul D Bliese 10 The Measurement of Work Engagement 138 Wilmar B Schaufeli Part II 11 Design and Analysis Cognitive Assessment: Implications for Occupational Health Psychology 155 157 Gerald Matthews, April Rose Panganiban, and Kirby Gilliland 12 Experimental and Quasi-Experimental Designs in Occupational Health Psychology 180 Peter Y Chen, Konstantin P Cigularov, and Lauren M Menger 13 Event-Sampling Methods in Occupational Health Psychology 208 Sabine Sonnentag, Carmen Binnewies, and Sandra Ohly 14 Sampling in Occupational Health Psychology: An Epidemiological Perspective 229 Sue Ann Sarpy, Felicia Rabito, and Nancy Goldstein 15 Quantitative Self-Report Methods in Occupational Health Psychology Research 248 Erin M Eatough and Paul E Spector 16 Strengths and Limitations of Qualitative Approaches to Research in Occupational Health Psychology 268 Irvin Sam Schonfeld and Joseph J Mazzola 17 Use of Archival Data in Occupational Health Psychology Research 290 Gwenith G Fisher and Janet L Barnes-Farrell 18 An Overview of Multilevel Modeling in Occupational Health Psychology Lisa M Kath, Scott C Roesch, and Mark G Ehrhart 323 Contents 19 Person-Centered Analysis: Methods, Applications, and Implications for Occupational Health Psychology vii 349 Mo Wang, Robert R Sinclair, Le Zhou, and Lindsay E Sears 20 Longitudinal Research and Data Analysis 374 E Kevin Kelloway and Lori Francis 21 Looking Toward the Future of OHP Research 395 Robert R Sinclair, Mo Wang, and Lois E Tetrick Author Index 415 Subject Index 431 About the Editors Robert Sinclair is an Associate Professor of Industrial and Organizational Psychology at Clemson University, where he also serves as the Graduate Program Coordinator for the Department of Psychology He completed his PhD in industrial/organizational psychology at Wayne State University in 1995 Prior to moving to Clemson University in 2008, he held faculty positions at the University of Tulsa and Portland State University Dr Sinclair is a founding member and Past-President of the Society for Occupational Health Psychology He currently serves as an editorial board member for the Journal of Occupational Health Psychology, Journal of Management, and Journal of Organizational Behavior and as a panel member for the Occupational Safety and Health Study Section of the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health His recent work includes an edited volume (in press with Jonathan Houdmont and Stavroula Leka), Contemporary Occupational Health Psychology: Global Perspectives on Research and Practice (Vol 2) and an edited volume (in press with Tom Britt) titled Psychological Resilience in Military Personnel: Theory and Practice Dr Sinclair’s research focuses on individual (e.g., personality) and organizational (e.g., leadership) factors that contribute to occupational health concerns faced by military personnel, nurses, and entry-level hourly employees His specific interests include economic stress, the employment relationship, work schedules, counterproductive workplace behavior, and psychological resilience Mo Wang is an Associate Professor of Management at University of Florida, where he also serves as the codirector of the Human Resource Research Center He received his joint PhD in industrial-organizational psychology and developmental psychology at Bowling Green State University in 2005 Prior to moving to University of Florida, he held faculty positions at Portland State University (2005–2008) and the University 426 Author Index Phillips, R., 55 Pickering, T G., 71 Pilcher, J J., 50, 51, 55, 56 Pinto, P., 114 Pitariu, A H., 378, 386, 387, 390 Pituch, K A., 342 Plewis, I., 381 Ployhart, R E., 324, 326, 342, 353., 377, 378, 378, 380, 384, 386, 387 Podsakoff, N P., 68, 248, 257, 259, 307 Podsakoff, P M., 68, 248, 257, 307, 377 Poehlmann, K M., 63, 70 Polanyi, M., 273 Polatin, P B., 20, 21, 22 Pollak, C P., 53 Popper, K., 280 Porath, C L., 86, 102, 324 Porter, C O L H., 402 Posner, M I., 159 Potter, P., 180 Powell, G., 36, 38 Pransky, G., 21 Preacher, K J., 333, 341, 342, 343 Price, R H., 189 Prince, M., 108–109 Prins, A., 131 Prins, J T., 145 Prizmic-Larsen, Z., 62, 64, 65 Probst, T M., 185, 188, 193, 197 Proctor, T., 21 Pugh, S D., 103 Punnett, L., 298 Quick, J C., 183, 229 Quinlan, M., 275 Quinn, R E., 79 Rabalais, A E., 133 Rabe-Hesketh, S., 333 Rabito, F A., 242 Rabkin, B., 13 Rachman, S., 111 Radhakrishnan, P., 91 Rafaeli, E., 208, 221 Rainville, J., 22 Raknes, B I., 94, 97, 100 Ramanujam, R., 420 Ranavaya, M., 23 Rankin, B., 13 Ratcliffe, V., 41 Ratliff, S., 305 Rau, R., 187, 254 Raudenbush, S W., 221, 335–336, 339, 338, 340, 343, 347 Raver, J L., 102 Raymo, J M., 294 Raynsford, K., 163 Raz, A., 159 Reale, M., 12 Reed, C., 62, 68 Reed, K., 180 Reeler, A., 108 Reeves, D A., 324 Reeves, D L., 163 Reheiser, E C., 110, 113, 165 Reich, W P., 41, 42 Reichenbach, H., 285 Reinerman, L E., 167, 168, 172, 174 Reinsel, G C., 381 Reis, H T., 208, 209, 210, 220, 221 Reisches, F., 108–109 Reiter-Palmon, R., 290 Remington, N A., 81, 82 Reneman, M F., 25 Reynolds, C F., 52, 87 Rhoades, C., 341, 343 Ricard, M D., 24 Richardsen, A M., 144 Richardson, G., 50 Richardson, H A., 258, 259 Richardson, R., 102 Richman, J A., 95, 99, 100, 101 Ridker, P M., Riebe, D., 255 Rief, W., Riemer, S., Rifai, N., Riggs, D S., 129 Rindskopf, D., 278, 369 Rissén, D., 188, 189 Rivara, F P., 122 Roberson, L., 82, 83 Roberts, B W., 403 Roberts, J K., 335 Roberts, N., 200 Robins, R., 68, 69 Robinson, H M., 122 Robinson, M D., 65, 67, 69, 70, 71 Robinson, R., 21 Robinson, S L., 96, 99 Robitzsch, A., 333 Roe, C W., 360 Roe, R A., 218 Roehrs, T., 50 Rogen, H., Rogers, J., 347 Rogosa, D., 377 Rohsenow, D J., 201 Rondinelli, R D., 23 Rosa, R., 55 Rose, J., 189 Rosel, J., 381 Rosen, C C., 401 Rösler, U., 254 Rosomoff, H L., 20 Rosomoff, R S., 20 Author Index Rosopa, P J., 264 Rospenda, K M., 99 Rosqvist, J., 115 Roszell, D K., 128 Rotchford, N L., 404 Roth, A., 259 Roth, P L., 403 Roth, T., 50 Roth, W T., 165 Roth, E M., 159 Rothbard, N P., 146 Rothbaum, B O., 115, 129 Rothe, H F., 84 Rothmann, I., 144 Rowden, P., 168 Rowland, K M., 404 Ruan, D., 282 Rubin, D B., 354, 357 Rudy, T E., 25 Ruggiero, K J., 131 Ruscio, A M., 127 Rush, A., 20 Russell, B., 283 Russell, C A., 170, 171 Russell, J A., 64, 80, 81 Russell, M., 42 Ryan, R M., 215 Ryder, A., 108 Rystedt, L., 13 Sabbatini-Bunch, L., 42 Saboe, K N., 250 Sack, R L., 51, 53, 54 Sackett, P R., 196, 197, 407 Sakata, K., 51 Saks, A M., 146 Saksvik, P O., 183., 275, 276 Salanova, M., 140, 141, 143, 145, 146, 147, 148, 149 Salema-Aro, K., 185 Salganik, M J., 242 Salomon, K., 13 Salvi, A D., 304 Sanderson, K., 114 Sandsjö, L., 189 Sangal, R B., 55 Sanne, B., 113 Santiago, E A., 269, 272, 280 Sauter, S L., 229, 380 Saxby, D J., 167, 168, 171 Schaefer, C., 41 Schafer, J L., 223 Scharf, T., 269 Schatz, P., 158, 162 Schaubroeck, J., 251, 260 Schaubroeck, J., 41 Schaufeli, W B., 110, 140, 141, 143, 144, 145, 146, 147, 148, 149, 217., 222, 353 427 Scherbaum, C A., 343 Schkade, D A., 66 Schlegel, R E., 164 Schmelkin, L P., 190, 194 Schmidt, A M., 408 Schmidt, F L., 139, 143 Schmidt, J., 66 Schmidt, J A., 208 Schmitt, N., 353 Schnall, P L., 71 Schneider, B., 141 Schneider, K T., 91 Schnurr, P P., 126 Schonfeld, I S., 269, 270, 271, 272, 275, 276, 278, 280, 281, 284 Schreiber, W H., 210 Schreurs, B H., 147 Schriber, R., 68 Schubauer-Berigan, M K., 297, 307 Schul, Y., 189 Schuldberg, D., 66 Schurman, S J., 277 Schwartz, J., 269, 400 Schwartz, J E., 71, 215 Schwartz, J H., 158 Schwarz, N., 66, 102 Schwarz, R M., 87 Schweitzer, P K., 52 Schwoerer, C E., 180 Scott, A J., 51 Scott, B A., 211, 223 Scotti, J R., 131 Searle, B J., 184, 186., 189 Searle, S., 32 Sears, L E., 360 Segerstrom, S., 11 Seligman, M E P., 85, 111 Seligman, P J., 299 Selye, H., 404 Semmer, N K., 211 Senter, J L., 327, 329 Seppälä, P., 144 Sepulveda, I., 114 Shadish, W R., 180, 181, 190, 192, 194, 199, 200, 202, 263, 402, 406 Shai, D., 279 Shakespeare-Finch, J., 186, 189 Sharkey, K M., 50 Shaw, T H., 167 Shedden, K., 354 Sheehan, D V., 22–33 Sheldon, K M., 87 Shepard, J., K 13 Sherbaum, C A., 374 Shi, J., 218, 321 Shi, L., 284 Shiff man, S., 215 Shimazu, A., 149 428 Author Index Shimizu, H., 114 Shin, C., 270 Shin, K., 270 Shirom, A., 109, 110, 111, 148 Shockley, K M., 284 Shrout, P E., 41, 221 Shulkin, J., 13 Shultz, K S., 157, 158, 174, 290, 293, 295, 297, 300, 306, 307, 310, 313 Sieber, W K., 299 Siegrist, J., 404 Siemsen, E., 259 Sigman, M R., 122 Silvonen, J., 189 Sim, J., 236 Simmering, M J., 258 Simmons, N B., 113 Simon, C., 50 Simon, H., 107 Simpson, N., 51 Simpson, T L., 122 Sinaii, N., 126 Sinar, E F., 84 Sinclair, R R., 304, 351, 361, 362, 363, 364, 366, 368 Singer, J D., 325, 340, 377, 378, 390, 391 Singh, M A F., 185 Singh-Manoux, A., 307 Singleton, R A., 292, 299, 300 Sisitsky, T., 107 Sjogren, P., 21 Skarlicki, D P., 69 Skoogh, J., 113 Skrondal, A., 333 Sloan, D M., 62, 63 Smelser, N J., 87 Smith, B J., 272 Smith, C S., 36 Smith, D B., 328 Smith, D E., 128 Smith, D L., 255, 272 Smith, H L., 77 Smith, P C., 84 Smith, R C., 276 Smith, S., 189, 211 Smith, T W., 71 Smythe, H., 55 Snijders, T A B., 221, 340, 343 Snook, E., 255 Sobel, J., 22 Soer, R., 25 Solé-Auró, A., 317 Solomon, R L., 200 Somers, M J., 363 Sommer, S M., 34, 42 Sommer, T., 159 Sonenshein, S., 85 Song, J., 109 Song, Z., 210, 221 Sonnenschein, M., 222 Sonnenstuhl, W., 233 Sonnentag, S., 40, 210, 211–212, 214, 219, 220, 221, 223, 219, 405 Sorbi, M J., 222 Sorra, J S., 328 Spector, J., 163 Spector, P E., 41, 82., 95, 96, 98, 99, 101, 112, 189, 192, 248, 250, 251, 254, 255, 257, 258, 273, 284, 307, 375, 405 Spiegel, P E., 297 Spielberger, C D., 110, 113, 165 Spitzer, R L., 128 Spreitzer, G M., 85, 86 Spybrook, J., 343 Spychala, A., 214 Staats, M., 212 Stachowski, A., 293, 305, 306 Stallones, L., 197 Stanley, D J., 359 Stanley, L J., 360, 363 Stanton, J M., 84 Stapleton, L M., 342 Staw, B M., 80, 189 Steckler, A., 284 Steer, R A., 115 Steggerda, D M., 272 Stein, M B., 132 Stephens, C L., 70 Stephens, G K., 34, 42 Sterba, S K., 312–313 Stiglin, L E., 107 Stites, D., 12 Stone, A A., 66, 215 Stone-Romero, E F., 181, 183, 264, 374 Storm, K., 144 Straits, B C., 292, 299, 300 Straker, L., 25 Strauss, A., 271, 274, 282, 283 Streiner, D L., 116 Strong, S., 25 Stroobant, N., 172 Stucke, T S., 194 Sturman, M C., 258 Suh, E M., 77 Suh, E., 80 Sullivan, M J L., 21 Sullivan, S., 112 Sumer, H C., 42 Sundin, D S., 299 Sundin, E C., 130 Sundstrom, E., 328 Sutcliffe, K., 85 Suwazono, Y., 51 Su-Young, K., 333 Sweeney, M M., 294 Sweeney, P J., 77 Author Index Swick, T J., 53 Szymura, G., 160 Tak, S., 49 Takatsuka, N., 114 Talbot, N L., Tamanini, K B., 408 Tan, J A., 401 Tanaka K, 51 Tandon, R., 282 Taris, T W., 140, 147, 148, 149, 220, 230, 374, 375 Tarver, D J., 128 Tassinary, L G., 169 Taylor, K L., 131 Taylor, M A., 297 Tell, G., 113 Tellegen, A., 64, 82 Tepper, B J., 95, 98, 101 Terhakopian, A., 126 Terr, A., 12 Tetrick, L E., 36, 41, 43, 44, 229, 293, 298, 405 Teuchmann, K., 213, 217, 219 Thase, M E., 87 Thayer, R E., 165 Theodore, B., 20 Theodore, R., 21 Theoharides, T C., 12 Theorell, T., 3, 404 Thomas, C H., 408 Thomas, J C., 117, 118 Thomas, J L., 126, 304 Thompson, C A., 44 Thomsen, S., 232 Thoresen, P., 84 Thorndike, E L., 50 Thorngate, W., 395 Thurber, B W., 197 Tice, D M., 194, 218 Tilse, E., 114 Timmermans, T., 217 Todd, C., 108 Tofighi, D., 336, 337 Tompa, E., 273 Topolnytsky, L., 359 Toppinen-Tanner, S., 1450146 Törner, M., 188, 189, 278 Totterdell, P., 210, 213, 324 Towns, B., 20 Tracy, J., 68, 79 Trares, S., Trautwein, U., 333 Tripp, L., 167, 168, 172, 174 Trougakos, J P., 212 Truax, P., 118 Trull, J., 170 Trzesniewski, K H., 313 Tsoumbris, P., 360 429 Tucker, J S., 304, 306, 362 Tucker, P., 50 Tuckwell, N L., 21–22, 25 Turk, D C., 20 27 Turner, N., 400 Tusi, A S., 349 Twenge, J M., 194 Tyler, P., 189 Ursano, R J., 123–124, 126 Ursin, H., 147 Uy, M A., 210, 220, 221 Vahtera, J., 307, 390 Vaidya, J., 64 Valenstein, E., 158 Vallacher, R R., 408, 410 Van Beek, I., 147 van de Pol, F., 355, 356 van der Heijden, P., 353 van der Linden, D., 402 van der Schans, C P., 25 Van Doornen, L J P., 140, 222 Van Dyck, R., 108 Van Eeopel, J., 13 Van Etten–Lee, M., 113 Van Hooff, M L M., 220 Van Katwyk, P T., 82, 83 Van Mechelen, I., 217 Van Rhenen, W., 140, 149 van Veldhoven, M J P M., 331 Vancouver, J B., 408, 410 Vandenberg, R J., 360, 363, 379, 405 Vandenberg, R K., 377, 378, 379, 380, 384 Vardakou, I., 148 Vashdi, D., 233 Vaslow, J B., 103 Vasterling, J., 163 Vasudevan, S V., 25 Veazie, M., 269 Vendenberghe, C., 360, 363 Verbeke, W., 145 Vey, M A., 185 Vingerhoets, G., 172 Vinje, H F., 275, 282 Vinokur, A D., 184, 189 Vinson, G., 212 Visser, P S., 81, 82 Viswesvaran, C., 35, 86, 358, 402, 403 Viveros-Long, A., 34, 42 Vodanovich, S J., 168 Vogt, J., 170 Vohs, K D., 367 von Dormolen, M., von Eye, A., 369 Vuori, J., 185, 189 Wadsworth, E., 239 430 Author Index Wagner, D T., 212 Wahlberg, K., 114 Walker, E A., 131 Wall, T D., 84 Wallace, J C., 168 Walsh, B M., 324 Walsh, J K., 50, 52 Walters, E E., 122 Wang, J., 122 Wang, L., 124, 126 Wang, M., 157, 218, 290, 293, 295, 296, 321, 353, 354, 357, 368, 369, 384, 385, 386, 407 Ward, P., 159 Warm, J S., 161, 167, 168, 172, 174 Warr, P B., 79, 82, 83, 84, 85, 7, 380 Warren K., 71 Washburn, D A., 167, 168, 172, 174 Wasserman, J., Watson, B., 168 Watson, D., 62, 64, 77, 82., 165 Wayne, J H., 36, 39, 42 Wayne, J., 36 Waza, K., 108 Weathers, F W., 127, 128, 129, 130, 132 Weaver, A E., 181 Webster, B S., 19 Webster, J., 82, 83 Wegner, J W., 102 Weibel, L., 50 Weick, K E., 395 Weinhardt, J M., 408 Weinstein, N., 215 Weiss, D J., 84 Weiss, D S., 124, 129, 130 Weiss, H M., 62, 66, 212, 215, 219 Welch, E., 66 Wells, C., 131 Wessely, S., 123 Wesson, M J., 402 Wheeler, A R., 145 Wheeler, L., 209, 210 Wiegand, D M., 405 Wiese, D., 64 Wiggins, L M., 355 Willett, J B., 325, 377, 378, 390, 391 Williams, J B W, 128 Williams, J H., 97 Williams, K D., 100, 102 Williams, L J., 35, 42, 377 Williams, P., 84 Williamson, A M., 57 Wilner, N R., 129 Wilson, G F., 171 Wilson, J P., 122, 126 Wilson, K S., 212 Wilson, M G., 405 Wilson, G F., 170, 171 Wimalasiri, V., 218 Wind, H., 26 Winter, K., 163 Wirz-Justice, A., 49 Witt, L A., 254 Witzki, A H., 161 Wolf, G., 324 Wolff, J., 112 Wolfram, H J., 240 Woolf, E F., 212, 219 Worley, J A., 165 Wright, A., 22 Wright, C., 362 Wright, K M., 132 Wright, K., 51 Xanthopoulou, D., 146 Xenikou, A., 360 Yardley, J K., 34, 42 Yeager, S., 379 Yeo, G., 211 Yeomans, P., 114 Yi, H., 270 Yoder, R J., 408 Youinou, P., 12 Younghusband, L J., 272 Zadro, L., 102 Zaitzow, B H., 308, 318 Zapata-Phelan, C P., 403 Zapf, D., 40, 41, 189, 219, 251, 252, 260, 261–262, 374, 375, 376, 377 Zarcone, V., 55 Zastowny, T R., 25 Zatzick, D., 122 Zeidner, M., 165 Zeier, H., Zellars, K L., 41, 251, 259, 260 Zhan, Y., 218, 293, 305, 321 Zhang, Z., 343 Ziemssen, T., 13 Zimering, R T., 126 Zivin, K., 113 Zivnuska, S., 254 Zohar, D., 202, 211, 324, 330 Zyphur, M J., 330, 343 Zyzanski, S., 108 Subject Index Page locators in italics indicate figures and tables Abusive Supervision Scale, 95, 98 academia and work engagement, 139–41 accuracy, physical function testing criteria, 22 actigraphy, 52–53 Activation-Deactivation Checklist (AD-ACL), 165 adaptive immune system, 10–11 aerobic capacity and functional capacity testing, 24 affective commitment (AC), 358, 359–61, 365–67 affective disposition, 63 affective events theory (AET), 215 affective well-being measurement, 81–83, 81 affective well-being syndromes, 80–81 aggregating up, multilevel modeling, 325 aggression assessment, 92, 93 Aggressive Experiences Scale (AES), 92, 93 agreement scales, 42 alpha-amylase, 5, alteration of motion segment integrity (AOMSI) protocol, 23 ambivalence, 86–87 ambulatory assessments, 169 American Association of Retired Persons (AARP), 303 American Community Survey, 301 Americans’ Changing Lives (ACL) study, 295–96, 302 antibodies, 11–12 anxiety See depression and anxiety measurement archival data use: overview, 290–91, 318–19; and access to special populations, 306; available data resources, 300, 301–4, 317–18; and broad scope of variables, 306–7; complex survey designs and need for sample weights, 311–13; and ethical issues, 308–9; and focus on research of interest, 316–17; and lack of theoretical framework, 314; large and complex databases, 310–11; mass media, 299; and measurement properties, 313–14; and missing data, 314–15; objective versus subjective data and measures, 307, 315; and “old” data, 315; physical, nonverbal materials, 300; private documents and records, 298–99; public documents, data sets, and official records, 297–98; and representative data sets, 305–6; social science data archives, 292–97; and specific research designs, 300, 304–5; and student research projects, 307–8, 316 attention and cognitive assessment, 160–61, 172–73 Australian Workplace Industrial Relations Survey (AWIRS95), 304–5 Automated Neuropsychological Assessment Metrics (ANAM) test battery, 163–64, 163, 173–74 autonomic nervous system (ANS) functioning measures, 70–71 B cells and adaptive immune system, 7, 10–11 Baconian nature of data collection, 282–83 barriers and immune system function, 4, 8, Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI), 114 Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II), 114, 115 behavior-based confl ict, 33–34, 35–36 behavioral observation: and depression and anxiety measurement, 68, 115–16; and emotions measurement, 68 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS), 301 Β-defensins and chemical infection barriers, bias: and multilevel modeling, 326; nonresponse bias and survey sampling, 232; and participant reactivity, 280; selfreports and common method variance (CMV), 257–59 432 Subject Index biopsychosocial model of pain treatment, 20 blood and immune system function measurement, 15 Brief Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9), 114 bullying assessment, 92, 93–94, 97 Bureau of Labor Statistics archival data resources, 301 burnout: Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI), 140, 148–49; Oldenburg Burnout Inventory (OLBI), 148; and performance assessments, 165; Scale of Work Engagement and Burnout (SWEBO), 146–47; Shirom-Melamed Burnout Measure (SMBM), 148; workaholism and work engagement, 147–49 business and work engagement, 139 c-reactive protein (CRP): immune system function markers, 6; and innate immune system, 8–9; and marker selection for immune system research, 14–15 catecholamines, 13–14 categorical perspective on emotions, 64–65 categories of stressors: discovery of, 273–74; and item development, 271; “natural” emergence of, 280–81; theory development and hypothesis generation, 271–72 causal hypothesis testing and qualitative research, 281–82 causal inference and longitudinal research, 375 cellular barriers, immune system, cellular immune reactions, immune system functioning, 11–12 Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale (CESD), 113 centering, multilevel modeling data analysis, 336–37 central nervous system (CNS) functioning measures, 71 cerebral bloodflow velocity (CBFV), 172–73 chemical barriers, immune system, chronic pain, 20 circadian rhythms: cortisol and stress response, 13; measurement of, 53–54; and shift work, 49–51; and shift work study limitations, 56–57 Clinician Administered PTSD Scale (CAPS), 127–28, 132–33 cluster sampling, 237–39, 311–12 co-occurrence of depression and anxiety, 108 cognitive-affective syndromes, 80–81 cognitive assessment: overview, 157–58, 173–75; Automated Neuropsychological Assessment Metrics (ANAM) test battery, 163–64, 163; and performance measures, 158–60; psychophysiological assessments of cognition, 169–73; test batteries, 162–64, 163; transient stress and fatigue factors, 164–69; working memory, attention, and executive control, 160–62 cognitive task analysis (CTA), 159 comfort and affective well-being measurement, 81–83, 81 commitment construct and person-centered research, 358–59, 359–61, 365–67 common method variance (CMV), 257–59 complement system, 6, Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI), 113 Comprehensive Muscular Activity Profi le (CMAP), 24 computer-based data analysis, 271 computer-based testing and cognitive assessment, 162–63 configural research See person-centered research confl ict type, work–family confl ict (WFC) assessment, 33–34, 35–36 confounding variables and experimental design, 190, 192–93 construct conceptualization and item design, 327–28 construct validity: multilevel modeling, 330; Utrecht Work Engagement Scale (UWES), 145–46 content validation, 87 continuance commitment (CC), 358, 359–61, 365–67 continuous performance monitoring and cognitive assessment, 174 Continuous Performance Test, attention and cognitive assessment, 161 controls, experimental and quasiexperimental design, 191–93 convenience sampling, 240–41 convergence of self-reports with other measures, 252–57, 254, 256 coping behaviors, 273–74 core body temperature and circadian rhythms measurement, 53 cortisol: and circadian rhythms, 49–50; and immune system function, 13; and neuroendocrine markers, 13 Counterproductive Work Behavior Checklist (CWB-C), 95, 98–99 counterproductive work behavior (CWB) and self-report measurements, 253, 254, 255, 256 critical incidents (CIs), 270–71 cross-domain latent growth curves, 387–89, 389 cross-level models, 331–32, 332, 334, 337 cross-level operator (CLOP) analysis, 326 Subject Index cultural differences in depression and anxiety, 108–9 customer service and cognitive assessment, 168 cytokines, 5, 8–9 cytotoxic t-lymphocytes, data: data collection and ESM studies, 209– 10, 221; data collection and longitudinal research, 377–78; data missing at random (MAR), 354, 356; missing data and archival data use, 314–15; “old” data and archival data use, 315 See also multilevel modeling; quantitative self-reports data aggregation: and ESM studies, 214–15; and multilevel modeling, 325, 328–30 data analysis: computer-based, 271; and ESM studies, 221, 222–23; sample design and archival data use, 312–13; secondary data analysis, 290 See also longitudinal research; multilevel modeling Data Ferret, 301 databases and archival data use, 310–11 decreased productivity, 20 dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA), 13, 14 dependent variables (DVs) and experimental design, 189, 190, 191, 193–94 depression and anxiety measurement: overview, 107; and affective well-being measurement, 81–83, 81; assessment of functioning, 110–11, 112–14; cultural differences in, 108–9; defi nitions of anxiety and depression, 111, 115; differences in stress, burnout, depression, and anxiety, 109–10; measurement over time, 117–18; measurement sensitivity and specificity, 117; methods, 115–17 description richness and qualitative research, 277–78 DHEA (dehydroepiandrosterone), 13, 14 Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 122–23 dim light melatonin onset, 53–54 dimensional perspective on emotions, 64–65 disability and function, musculoskeletal functioning measurement, 20–22 discovery of stressors and coping behaviors, 273–74 disease and biopsychosocial model of pain treatment, 20 Drinking Problems Index (DPI), 233–34 Dundee Stress State Questionnaire (DSSQ), 165–68, 166 dynamic mediation modeling, 390 dynamic systems and OHP research, 408–10 economics: and circadian rhythms, 50; and cost of anxiety disorders, 107 effort testing, 164 433 eicosanoids, electrocardiogram (ECG) and ambulatory cognition assessments, 169 electroencephalography (EEG): and central nervous system (CNS) functioning measures, 71; and psychophysiological assessments of cognition, 171–72, 174–75 electromyography (EMG) and facial behavior observations, 69 elimination or inclusion and experimental controls, 192 emotions measurement: overview, 61, 72; dimensional versus categorical perspectives on emotions, 64–65; emotional response aspects, 63–64; emotions terms and phenomena, 61–63; measurement strategies, 62; observational measures, 68–70; psychophysiological measures, 70–72; and self-reporting, 62, 65–68 employee engagement See work engagement Employment and Disability Institute, 303 Endicott Work Productivity Scale (EWPS), 113 enrichment work–family measures, 36–41, 37, 38–39 enthusiasm and affective well-being measurement, 81–83, 81 enumerative immunoassays, 11–12 environmental measures and critiques of selfreports, 251–52 epidemiology and survey sampling: overview, 229–32; cluster sampling, 237–39; convenience sampling, 240–41; quota sampling, 239–40; random sampling, 233–35; respondent driven sampling, 241–43; sampling design, 232–33; sampling issues, 244–45; stratified random sampling, 235–37 Epworth Sleepiness Scale, sleepiness measurement, 55–56 equipment limitations and cognitive assessment, 169 Eriksen task and executive control, 161 ethical issues and archival data use, 308–9 eudaimonic happiness, 85–86 Eurobarometer, 295, 303, 313–14 event-sampling methods (ESM): overview, 208, 223–24; and aggregating data over time, 214–15; core features and types of ESM studies, 209–10; and modeling the time course, 213–14; and modeling within-person processes, 211–12; and multilevel modeling, 324; research questions, 210–15; research relevance, 215–19; study challenges, 221–23; study process, 219–21; and time-related processes, 218–19; and within-person processes, 216–18 434 Subject Index executive control and cognitive assessment, 161–62 experience and subjective assessment of emotion, 63 experience sampling methods See eventsampling methods (ESM) experimental and quasi-experimental design: overview, 180–81, 202–3; archival data use and specific research designs, 300, 304–5; experimental controls, 191–93; experimental measurements, 193–94; experimental studies survey, 181–83, 182, 184–88; experimental variables, 189–91, 191; factorial design, 198; onegroup design, 195–97; pretest-posttest control group design, 198–200; Solomon four-group design, 200–201; time factors and research design, 261–62; time series design, 201–2; treatment-control posttest design, 197 experimental studies literature survey, 181–83, 182, 184–88 external validity and OHP research, 406–8 Facial Action Coding System (FACS), 69 facial behavior and emotions measurement, 68–69 facilitation, work–family measures, 36–41, 38–39 factor analysis: Dundee Stress State Questionnaire (DSSQ), 166, 166; Utrecht Work Engagement Scale (UWES), 143–44 factorial design, 198 family and work See work–family research measurement issues feigned cognitive impairment, 164 fi nancial compensation claims, 20–21 fi ndings interpretation and qualitative research, 274–75 frequency measures, work–family measurement response scales, 41–43 full-information maximum-likelihood (FIML) estimation, 354, 356 function See physical function functional anxiety, 111, 115 Functional Capacity Evaluations (FCEs), 24–26 functional immunoassays, 12 Gallup Workplace Audit (GWA or Q12), 142–43 General Health Questionnaire (GHQ 12), 84–85, 113 General Social Survey (GSS), 296, 304, 318 generalizability, ESM studies, 222 Generalized Workplace Abuse (GWA) Scale, 95, 99 glucocorticoids, 13 granulocytic cells, 6, 10 groups: and person-centered research, 349– 50, 365–67 See also multilevel modeling growth mixture modeling (GMM), 353–55, 368, 385–86, 386 Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (HAM-A), 114 Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (HRSD), 116 happiness and syndrome well-being measurement, 85–86 Harvard–MIT Data Center, 303 Health and Productivity Questionnaire (HPQ), 112 Health and Retirement Study (HRS), 293–94, 302, 305–7, 309 Health Risk Assessments (HRAs), 112 hedonic happiness and syndrome well-being measurement, 85 hierarchical linear models See multilevel modeling HLM soft ware, multilevel modeling, 335–36, 338, 340 Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), 113 humoral and cellular immune reactions, 11–12 hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis, 12–13 hypotheses and qualitative research, 281–82 Hypothesizing After the Results are Known (HARK-ing), 362 hypothetical profi les and person-centered research, 361–65 illness and biopsychosocial model of pain treatment, 20 immune system functioning: overview, 16; humoral and cellular immune reactions, 11–12; immune system markers, 5–7; mind–body connections, 3–4; neuroendocrine markers, 12–14; role and structure of immune system, 4–11, 5–7; selection of immune system markers, 14–15 Impact of Event Scale-Revised (IES-R), 129–30 impairment, 20, 157 incentives, ESM studies, 221–22 incivility assessment, 94–95, 97–98 inclusion or elimination and experimental design, 192, 198 independent variables (IVs) and experimental design, 189, 190, 191, 193–94 inflammation, immune system function, 11 injuries See musculoskeletal functioning measurement innate immune system, 8–9 Instigated Workplace Incivility Scale, 94, 97–98 Subject Index Institute for Social Research (ISR) archival data resources, 302 insulinlike growth factor-1 (IGF-1), 6, intensity measures, work–family measurement response scales, 41–43 Inter-University Consortium for Political and Social Research (ICPSR), 295, 296, 302, 317–18 interferon, interleukins, 8–9, 14–15 internal consistency, Utrecht Work Engagement Scale (UWES), 144 internal states an self-reports, 249–51 international classification of functioning (ICF), 26 International Social Survey Program (ISSP), 303 Interpersonal Confl ict at Work Scale (ICAWS), 96, 99 Interpersonal Deviance Scale, 96, 99 interventions: occupational health interventions and PTSD, 124–26; and OHP research, 398–99; and qualitative research, 275–76 interviews: item development and scale construction, 270–71; structured diagnostic interviews and PTSD symptoms assessment, 127–29 intradermal irritant application, item design: and multilevel modeling, 327–28; and qualitative research, 270–71 Job Content Questionnaire (JCQ), 113 job demands-resources (JD-R) model, 142 job performance and cognitive assessment, 157–58 job satisfaction: and Dundee Stress State Questionnaire (DSSQ), 166–67, 166; and qualitative research fi ndings, 274–75; and self-reports, 250, 276–77; and syndrome well-being measurement, 83–84, 85–86 job stress assessment, 110–11, 112–14 Job Stress Survey (JSS), 113 large-scale surveys and social science data archives, 292–95 latent class analysis (LCA) and latent profi le analysis (LPA), 351–53 latent growth curve models, 382–84, 383, 385 latent growth curve with time invariant predictor, 386–87, 388 latent growth curve with time series design, 387, 388 latent growth modeling (LGM), 353 Leymann Inventory of Psychological Terror (LIPT), 92, 93, 97 lift ing capacity, 23–24 linking variable and multilevel modeling, 325 435 long-term performance prediction and cognitive assessment, 173–74 longitudinal research: overview, 374–78, 376, 391–92; cross-domain latent growth curves, 387–89, 389; descriptive versus explanatory, 380; dynamic mediation modeling, 390; focus of, 378–79; growth mixture models, 385–86, 386; latent growth curve models, 382–84, 383, 385; latent growth curve with time invariant predictor, 386–87, 388; latent growth curve with time series design, 387, 388; modeling discrete events over time, 390–91; time series designs, 381, 382 lumbar spine functional capacity testing, 22–24 lymphocyte proliferation, 12 lymphocytes, 7, 10 lysozymes, 5, macrophages, 5, Maintenance of Wakefulness Test, sleepiness measurement, 55 manipulation and experimental controls, 192, 197 markers and immune system functioning, 5–7, 14–15 Markov modeling, 355–58, 381 Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI), 140, 148–49 mass media and archival data use, 299 McGraw-Hill Research Resources for the Social Sciences, 303 Measurement of Work/Life Tension report, 42–43 measurement properties and archival data use, 313–14 measurement scope, psychological well-being forms and measures, 78–79 measurements: experimental and quasi-experimental design, 193–94; measurement norms and OHP research, 405–6; and profi le interpretation, 363–65 mechanical barriers, immune system, mediation modeling, 342–43, 390 melatonin, 53–54 memory: memory bias and ESM studies, 209; working memory and cognitive assessment, 160 memory cells and adaptive immune system, 10–11 Michigan Census Data Research Center, 302 Midlife Development in the U.S (MIDUS) study, 294 mind–body connections, 3–4 missing at random (MAR) data, 354, 356 missing data and archival data use, 314–15 mitogens, 12 436 Subject Index mixed-effects models See multilevel modeling modeling See multilevel modeling monocytes, 7, 10 Montgomery-Åsberg Depression Rating Scale, 114, 116 moods: described, 63; and self-reports, 261; stress and fatigue and cognitive assessment, 165 Morningness-Eveningness Questionnaire, 52 motivation, work engagement model, 141–42, 141 multilevel modeling: overview, 323–24, 344; construct conceptualization and item design, 327–28; construct validation, 330; cross-level models, 331–32, 332, 334, 337; data aggregation, 328–30; data preparation, 335–37; graphing significant interactions, 340–41; group membership issues and nesting terminology, 324–25; modeling discrete events over time, 390–91; modeling more than two levels, 341; multilevel mediation, 342–43; need for, 325–27; noncontinuous outcome variables, 341–42; output interpretation, 338–39; power analysis, 343; single-level models, 331, 331, 334, 337, 339; translating conceptual model to equations, 333–35; variance estimates and effect sizes, 339–40 Multiple Sleep Latency Test, sleepiness measurement, 55 musculoskeletal functioning measurement: overview, 19–20, 27; disability and function, 20–22; functional capacity evaluation (FCE), 24–26; international classification of functioning (ICF), 26; lumbar spine functional capacity testing, 22–24 narrative accounts and emotions measurement, 69 National Archive on Computerized Data on Aging (NACDA), 302 National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS), 301 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), 301 National Health Interview Study (NHIS), 302 National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH), 302 National Institute of Health (NIH) and social science data archives, 292 National Occupational Exposure Survey (NOES), 299 National Opinion Research Center, 304 National Study of the Changing Workforce (NSCW), 294–95, 296, 304 “natural” emergence of categories and hypotheses, qualitative research, 280–81 natural killer (NK) cells: and adaptive immune system, 10; and functional immune assays, 12; immune system function markers, 5, 7; and innate immune system, Negative Acts Questionnaire (NAQ), 94, 97 negative or positive emphasis, psychological well-being forms and measures, 79–80 nested models See multilevel modeling neuroendocrine markers, 12–14 neutrophils, NK cells See natural killer (NK) cells noncontinuous outcome variables and multilevel modeling, 341–42 nonprobability sampling, 239–43 nonspecific (innate) immune system, 8–9 normative commitment (NC), 358, 359–61, 365–67 normative database, physical function testing criteria, 22 observational strategies: advantages of, 69–70; behavioral observation, 68; disadvantages of, 70; and emotions measurement, 62; facial behavioral, 68–69; narrative accounts, 69 occupational health interventions, 124–26 Occupational Information Network (O*NET), 297–98, 301, 305 occupational injuries See musculoskeletal functioning measurement Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA), 298–99 occupationally related PTSD, 132–33 “old” data and archival data use, 315 Oldenburg Burnout Inventory (OLBI), 148 one-group design, 195–97 organizational theory, 349–50 overidentification with participants, qualitative research, 279–80 Panel Study of Income Dynamics, 302 parallelism and work–family confl ict (WFC) assessment, 32–35, 33–34 participant reactivity, 223, 279–80 pathological anxiety, 115 patient assessment, sleep and sleep loss measurement, 52 performance measures, cognitive assessment, 158–60 person-centered research: overview, 349–50, 368–70; choice of variables, 359–61; and commitment construct, 358–59; and differences between groups, 365–67; Subject Index growth mixture modeling (GMM), 353–55; and hypothetical profi les, 361–62; latent class analysis (LCA) and latent profi le analysis (LPA), 351–53; latent growth modeling (LGM), 353; Markov modeling, 355–58; and nonobserved hypothesized profi les, 362–63; and profi le interpretation, 363–65; research directions, 367–68; variable-centered analytical methods, 350–51 phagocytes, 9, 10 phospholipase A2, 5, physical disability See musculoskeletal functioning measurement physical function, 21–22 physical, nonverbal materials, 300 physiological relevance, physical function testing criteria, 22 polysomnography, sleep and sleep loss measurement, 51 Population Studies Center, 302 populations and survey sampling, 231–32 Positive and Negative Affect Scale (PANAS), 165 Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS), 82 positive or negative emphasis, psychological well-being forms and measures, 79–80 positive spillover, work–family measures, 36–41, 37, 38–39 posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) measurement: overview, 122–23; assessment methods, 126–32; and common research questions, 123–24; occupationally related PTSD, 132–33; symptoms assessment and occupational health interventions, 124–26 pretest-posttest control group design, experimental and quasi-experimental design, 198–200 private documents and records, archival data use, 298–99 private social science data sets, 296–97 probability sampling, epidemiology and survey sampling, 233–38 productive engagement and OHP research, 398 profi le-based research See person-centered research Progressive Isoinertial Lift ing Evaluation (PILE), 24 psychological well-being forms and measures: overview, 76; affective wellbeing and cognitive-affective syndromes, 80–81; affective well-being measurement, 81–83, 81; and ambivalence, 86–87; and content validation, 87; and positive or negative emphasis, 79–80; and scope of 437 measurement, 78–79; and state or trait well-being, 77–78; and subjectivity, 77; syndrome well-being measurement, 83–86 psychophysiological assessments of cognition: and electroencephalography (EEG) methods, 171–72; limitations of, 169–70; transcranial doppler sonography (TCD), 172–73; and workload monitoring, 170–71 psychophysiological strategies: advantages of, 71; autonomic nervous system functioning measures, 70–71; central nervous system functioning measures, 71; disadvantages of, 72; and emotions measurement, 62 PTSD Checklist (PCL), 130–31 public documents, data sets, and official records, 297–98 public social science data archives, 295–96 qualitative research: overview, 268–69, 285; and Baconian nature of data collection, 282–83; and description richness, 277–78; and discovery of stressors and coping behaviors, 273–74; and interpretation of fi ndings, 274–75; and intervention insights, 275–76; and item development, 270–71; and “natural” emergence of categories and hypotheses, 280–81; and overidentification with participants, 279–80; and participant reactivity, 279; research directions, 283–85; and self-report dependability, 276–77; and testing causal hypotheses, 281–82; theory development and hypothesis generation, 271–72 Quality of Employment Survey, 294–95, 303 quantitative self-reports: overview, 248–49, 264; and common method variance (CMV), 257–59; concerns with use of, 251–52; how to use, 259–63; reasons for using, 249–51; as supplement to other measures, 252–57, 254, 256 See also self-reporting questionnaire design, ESM studies, 220 questionnaires, sleep and sleep loss measurement, 52 quota sampling, 239–40 random assignment and experimental controls, 192–93 random coefficient models See multilevel modeling random sampling, 233–35 range of motion, 23 reactivity, study participants, 223, 279–80 438 Subject Index readiness-to-perform and cognitive assessment, 174 representative data sets and archival data use, 305–6 representative samples and survey sampling, 244–45 reproducibility, physical function testing criteria, 22 research: research questions and PTSD, 123–24; time factors and research design, 261–62 See also archival data use; experimental and quasi-experimental design; longitudinal research; personcentered research; qualitative research respondent driven sampling (RDS), 241–43 response rate and survey sampling, 231–32 response scales, work–family research measurement issues, 41–43 Roper Center for Public Opinion Research, 296, 303, 317–18 saliva, 15 sampling design: and archival data use, 311– 13; epidemiology and survey sampling, 232–33, 244–45; sample size, 219–20, 343 satisfaction measurement, 83–84, 85–86 scale construction and item development, qualitative research, 270–71 Scale of Work Engagement and Burnout (SWEBO), 146–47 self-reporting: advantages of, 66–67; disadvantages of, 67–68; emotions measurement strategies, 62; and PTSD symptoms assessment, 129–32; and qualitative research, 276–77; report types, 65–66; sleep and sleep loss measurement, 51–52 See also quantitative self-reports sensitivity, depression and anxiety measurement, 117 shift work: and circadian rhythms, 50–51; study limitations, 56–57 Shirom-Melamed Burnout Measure (SMBM), 148 sickness behavior, Single Item Depression or Anxiety Questions, 113 single-level models, 331, 331, 334, 337, 339 sleep and sleepiness measurement: overview, 49, 57; circadian rhythms and shift work, 49–51; circadian rhythms measurement, 53–54; simulated shift work study limitations, 56–57; sleep and sleep loss measurement, 51–53; sleepiness measurement, 54–56 Sleep Quality Scale, 270 social science data archives, 292–97 Social Science Information System, 304 Social Undermining Scale, 96, 99–100 Solomon four-group design, 200–201 special populations access and archival data use, 306 specificity, depression and anxiety measurement, 117 spinal stability, 23 stability, Utrecht Work Engagement Scale (UWES), 144–45 standard multiple regressions and multilevel modeling, 333–35 Stanford Sleepiness Scale, sleepiness measurement, 55 startle response, 69 state aspects and cognitive assessment, 159 state well-being, 77–78 strain-based confl ict, work–family confl ict (WFC) assessment, 33–34, 35–36 stratified random sampling, 235–37 stress: catecholamines and stress response, 13–14; cortisol and stress response, 13; DHEA and stress response, 14; and mind–body connections, 3–4; and selfreport measurements, 252–57, 254, 256; stress disorders and syndrome well-being measurement, 83; stress effects and immune system markers, 5–7; and time course ESM studies, 213–14; transactional stress model, 215–16; transient stress and fatigue factors, 164–69; work performance and ESM studies, 211–12 See also categories of stressors; depression and anxiety measurement Stroop task and executive control, 161 Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV (SCID-IV), 113, 128–29 structured diagnostic interviews, 127–29 student research projects and archival data use, 307–8, 316 subjectivity: and archival data use, 307, 315; and Dundee Stress State Questionnaire (DSSQ), 165–67, 166; and emotional response assessment, 63–64; and psychological well-being forms and measures, 77; and self-reports, 250–51; subjective states and cognitive functioning at work, 167–69 surface electromyography (SEMG), 24 survey designs and need for sample weights, 311–13 survey sampling See epidemiology and survey sampling survival analysis, 390–91 sympathetic-adrenomedullary (SAM) system, 12–14 symptoms assessment, PTSD: described, 124–26; self-report measures, 129–32; Subject Index structured diagnostic interviews, 127–29 syndrome well-being measurement, 83–86 T cells: and adaptive immune system, 10–11; and cellular immune response, 11; immune system function markers, 7; and innate immune system, T-lymphocytes, 14–15 task automation and cognitive assessment, 167–68 temporal order and longitudinal research, 375–77, 376 10-Town Study, 307 terminological diversity and OHP research, 400–403 test batteries, cognitive assessment, 162–64, 163 testing criteria, physical function, 21–22 theoretical frameworks and archival data use, 314 theoretical saturation, 282–83 theory development and hypothesis generation, qualitative research, 271–72 time-based confl ict, work–family confl ict (WFC) assessment, 33–34, 35–36 time considerations and OHP research, 403–5 time-related processes and ESM studies, 213–15, 218–19 time series designs, longitudinal research, 201–2, 381, 382 trait affect, 63, 159 trait well-being, 77–78 transactional stress model, 215–16 transcranial doppler sonography (TCD), 172–73, 174 transient stress and fatigue factors, 164–69 treatment-control posttest design, 197 trunk strength (lumbar spine), 23 Uncivil Workplace Behavior Questionnaire (UWBQ), 95, 98 U.S Census Bureau archival data resources, 297, 301 U.S Centers for Disease Control and Prevention archival data resources, 301–2 U.S Department of Labor archival data resources, 301 Utrecht Work Engagement Scale (UWES), 143–46, 149–50 UWIST Mood Adjective Checklist (UMACL), 165 validity: construct validity and Utrecht Work Engagement Scale (UWES), 145–46; content validation and psychological well-being measures, 87; and critiques 439 of self-reports, 251–52; external validity and OHP research, 406–8; multilevel modeling construct validation, 330; and one-group experimental design, 195–97; physical function testing criteria, 22; and pretest-posttest control group experimental design, 198–200; and survey sampling, 230–31; and time series experimental design, 201–2 values and OHP research, 397–400 variability, within-person processes and ESM studies, 216–18 variables: broad scope of variables and archival data use, 306–7; change in variables and longitudinal research, 378–79; choice of variables and personcentered research, 359–61; experimental and quasi-experimental design, 189–91, 191; linking variable and multilevel modeling, 325; noncontinuous outcome variables and multilevel modeling, 341–42; variable-centered analytical methods, 350–51 variance and multilevel modeling, 326–27, 339–40 vehicle driving and cognitive assessment, 168 vigilance, CBFV and psychophysiological cognition assessments, 172–73 Visual Analogue Scales, sleepiness measurement, 55–56 wake up time, 54 well-being See psychological well-being forms and measures white blood cells (leukocytes), 6, 9, 11–12 Whitehall Studies, 304 WHO Major Depression Inventory (MDI), 114 whole body movements, 68 Wisconsin card-sorting task and executive control, 161 Wisconsin Longitudinal Study (WLS), 294, 304 within-person processes and ESM studies, 211–12, 216–18 work capacity and Functional Capacity Evaluations (FCEs), 24–26 work engagement measurement: overview, 138, 150; in academia, 139–41; in business, 139; Gallup Workplace Audit (GWA or Q12), 142–43; practical use of engagement questionnaires, 149–50; questionnaires with limited application, 146–47; Utrecht Work Engagement Scale (UWES), 143–46, 149–50; work engagement model, 141–42, 141; workaholism and burnout, 147–49 440 Subject Index work–family confl ict (WFC) measures, 31–36, 33–34 work–family research measurement issues: overview, 31, 43–44; omnibus work–family measures, 38–39; positive relationship between family and work, 36–41, 37, 38–39; and response scales, 41–43; work–family confl ict (WFC), 31–36, 33–34 Work Limitations Questionnaire (WLQ), 112 work performance and ESM studies, 211–12 Work Productivity and Activity Impairment Questionnaire (WPAI), 112 Work Productivity Short Inventory (WPSI), 112 workaholism and work engagement, 147–49 working memory, attention, and executive control, 160–62 workload monitoring and cognitive assessment, 174–75 Workplace Aggression Research Questionnaire (WAR-Q), 92 Workplace Incivility Scale (WIS), 94, 97 workplace mistreatment measurement: overview, 91; aggression assessment, 92, 93; assessment considerations, 101–3; bullying assessment, 92, 93–94, 97; incivility assessment, 94–95, 97–98; miscellaneous constructs assessment, 95–96, 98–100; research questions, 100–101 Workplace Ostracism Scale (WOS), 96, 100 wound healing, Zung’s Self Rating Score, 114 ... Konstantin P Cigularov, and Lauren M Menger 13 Event-Sampling Methods in Occupational Health Psychology 208 Sabine Sonnentag, Carmen Binnewies, and Sandra Ohly 14 Sampling in Occupational Health Psychology: ... to infringe Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data Research methods in occupational health psychology : measurement, design, and data analysis / edited by Robert R Sinclair, Mo Wang,. . .Research Methods in Occupational Health Psychology Research Methods in Occupational Health Psychology Measurement, Design, and Data Analysis Edited by Robert R Sinclair, Ph.D Clemson