Research Methods for International Human Rights Law The study and teaching of international human rights law is dominated by the doctrinal method A wealth of alternative approaches exists, but they tend to be discussed in isolation from one another This collection focuses on crosstheoretical discussion that brings together an array of different analytical methods and theoretical lenses that can be used for conducting research within the field As such, it provides a coherent, accessible and diverse account of key theories and methods A distinctive feature of this collection is that it adopts a grounded approach to international human rights law, through demonstrating the application of specific research methods to individual case studies By applying the approach under discussion to a concrete case, it is possible to better appreciate the multiple understandings of international human rights law that are missed when the field is only comprehended through the doctrinal method Furthermore, since every contribution follows the same uniform structure, this allows for fruitful comparison between different approaches to the study of our discipline Damian Gonzalez-Salzberg is a Lecturer in Law at the University of Sheffield He has worked as a lawyer in Argentina within the field of human rights and has published extensively on international human rights law in leading international journals, such as Modern Law Review, Human Rights Law Review, American University International Law Review, Northern Ireland Legal Quarterly and Sur – International Journal of Human Rights He is the author of Sexuality and Transsexuality under the European Convention on Human Rights, recently published by Hart Loveday Hodson is Associate Professor in Law at the University of Leicester She has published widely on gender, sexuality and international human rights law She convened the European Society of International Law’s interest group on Feminism and International Law for a number of years and currently sits on the editorial board of Feminist Legal Studies Routledge Research in Human Rights Law Social and Economic Rights in Theory and Practice A Critical Assessment Helena Alviar Garcia, Karl Klare and Lucy A Williams Challenging Territoriality in Human Rights Law Building Blocks for a Plural and Diverse Duty-Bearer Regime Wouter Vandenhole Care, Migration and Human Rights Law and Practice Siobhán Mullally China’s Human Rights Lawyers Advocacy and Resistance Eva Pils Indigenous Peoples, Title to Territory, Rights and Resources The Transformative Role of Free Prior and Informed Consent Cathal M Doyle Civil and Political Rights in Japan A Tribute to Sir Nigel Rodley Edited by Saul J Takahashi Human Rights, Digital Society and the Law A Research Companion Edited by Mart Susi For more information about this series, please visit: www.routledge.com/Routledge-Research-in-Human-Rights-Law/book-series/ HUMRIGHTSLAW Research Methods for International Human Rights Law Beyond the Traditional Paradigm Edited by Damian Gonzalez-Salzberg and Loveday Hodson First published 2020 by Routledge Park Square, Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon OX14 4RN and by Routledge 52 Vanderbilt Avenue, New York, NY 10017 Routledge is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group, an informa business © 2020 selection and editorial matter, Damian Gonzalez-Salzberg and Loveday Hodson; individual chapters, the contributors The right of Damian Gonzalez-Salzberg and Loveday Hodson to be identified as the authors of the editorial material, and of the authors for their individual chapters, has been asserted in accordance with sections 77 and 78 of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988 All rights reserved No part of this book may be reprinted or reproduced or utilised in any form or by any electronic, mechanical, or other means, now known or hereafter invented, including photocopying and recording, or in any information storage or retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publishers Trademark notice: Product or corporate names may be trademarks or registered trademarks, and are used only for identification and explanation without intent to infringe British Library Cataloguing-in-Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data A catalog record has been requested for this book ISBN: 978-1-138-60355-4 (hbk) ISBN: 978-0-429-46897-1 (ebk) Typeset in Galliard by Integra Software Services Pvt Ltd Contents List of contributors Introduction: Human rights research beyond the doctrinal approach vii DAMIAN A GONZALEZ-SALZBERG AND LOVEDAY HODSON A Marxist approach to R.M.T v the United Kingdom 13 ROBERT KNOX A feminist approach to Alyne da Silva Pimentel Teixeira (deceased) v Brazil 42 LOVEDAY HODSON A postmodern approach to Elisabeta Dano v Jobcenter Leipzig 69 BAL SOKHI-BULLEY A queer approach to the Advisory Opinion 24/2017 on LGBT rights 98 DAMIAN A GONZALEZ-SALZBERG A legally pluralist approach to the Bakassi Peninsula case 123 JENNIFER HENDRY A geographical approach to the Moiwana Community v Suriname 146 ANA LAURA ZAVALA GUILLEN A historical approach to Chagos Islanders v the United Kingdom 171 HENRY JONES A political approach to Lautsi and others v Italy DIMITRIOS TSARAPATSANIS 201 vi Contents 10 An anthropological approach to M.S.S v Belgium and Greece 227 MARIE-BÉNÉDICTE DEMBOUR 11 Human rights research beyond the traditional paradigm: afterword 250 CONOR GEARTY Index 261 Contributors Dr Rob Knox is a Lecturer in Law at the School of Law and Social Justice, University of Liverpool and a member of the Historical Materialism: Research in Critical Marxist Theory Editorial Board Dr Loveday Hodson is Associate Professor in Law at the University of Leicester She has published widely on gender, sexuality and international human rights law She convened the European Society of International Law’s interest group on Feminism and International Law for a number of years and currently sits on the editorial board of Feminist Legal Studies Dr Bal Sokhi-Bulley is Senior Lecturer in Law & Critical Theory at the School of Law, Politics and Sociology, University of Sussex Her work focuses on poststructural (Foucauldian) approaches to rights She has published extensively on rights as technologies of governmentality, including articles in Human Rights Law Review, Law and Critique and Social and Legal Studies Her monograph Governing (Through) Rights was published in 2016 (Hart, Bloomsbury) and examines the relationship between rights, governance and possibilities of counter-conduct Her current research project looks at the Foucauldian idea of ‘friendship’ as an ethical framework for rights Dr Damian A Gonzalez-Salzberg is a Lecturer in Law at the University of Sheffield He has worked as a lawyer in Argentina within the field of human rights and has published extensively on international human rights law in leading international journals, such as Modern Law Review, Human Rights Law Review, American University International Law Review, Northern Ireland Legal Quarterly and Sur – International Journal of Human Rights He is the author of Sexuality and Transsexuality under the European Convention on Human Rights, recently published by Hart Dr Jen Hendry is an Associate Professor in Law and Social Justice at the University of Leeds School of Law She is a graduate of the Universities of Glasgow (LLB Hons 2002) and Edinburgh (LLM 2003), and the European University Institute (PhD 2009) Her research covers social and legal theory, socio-legal studies, and comparative legal studies She is currently writing on issues of Indigenous justice, legal pluralism, and hybrid proceduralism Jen is viii Contributors Director of the School’s Centre for Law and Social Justice, Vice-Chair of the Socio-Legal Studies Association (SLSA), and member of the ESRC peer review college Dr Ana Laura Zavala Guillen is part of the Office of the Prosecutor in the Attorney General’s Office in Argentina As a lawyer, she investigates crimes against humanity perpetrated during the last dictatorship in Argentina During her doctoral studies in Human Geography, Ana Laura researched the geographies of the Maroon communities of the Colombian Caribbean through dynamics of land dispossession and community resistance from colonial times to the present day She is an activist scholar interested in the implementation of participatory research methods in the fields of historical geography and law Dr Henry Jones is an Assistant Professor at Durham Law School He primarily researches the history and spatiality of international law His research has been published in leading journals, including Legal Studies, London Review of International Law and Finnish Yearbook of International Law Dr Dimitrios Tsarapatsanis is a Lecturer in Law at the University of York and a practising attorney-at-law at the Athens Bar (Greece) He has research interests in human rights, bioethics, legal theory and the intersection of law and technology He has published extensively on the ECHR, probing the decisionmaking processes of the ECtHR from both a theoretical and an empirical perspective Prof Marie-Bénédicte Dembour is Professor of Law and Anthropology at the University of Brighton She studied Law at the Free University of Brussels (ULB) and Social Anthropology at the University of Oxford In the twentyfive years since, she has produced many academic publications, some considered seminal, including Culture and Rights: Anthropological Perspectives (co-edited with Jane K Cowan and Richard A Wilson), Who Believes in Human Rights? Reflections on the European Convention, and When Humans Become Migrants: Study of the European Court of Human Rights with an Inter-American Counterpoint She has been invited to talk all over the world Prof Conor Gearty is Professor of Human Rights Law at LSE and a Barrister at Matrix Chambers He is also a Fellow of the British Academy and a Member of the Royal Irish Academy as well as a Bencher of Middle Temple and an honorary Bencher of the King’s Inn in Dublin Among his more recent books are On Fantasy Island: Britain, Europe and Human Rights (OUP), Liberty and Security (Polity) and (with Costas Douzinas, eds) The Meanings of Rights (CUP) He has directed LSE’s Centre for the Study of Human Rights and, more recently, its Institute of Public Affairs Introduction Human rights research beyond the doctrinal approach Damian A Gonzalez-Salzberg & Loveday Hodson Human rights research Louis Henkin began The Age of Rights affirming that the idea of human rights is the only one to have achieved universal consensus.1 This notion of human rights he was referring to is the idea of the existence of a set of rights that are held by every person regardless of where in the world they are situated,2 which is certainly very powerful and inspiring.3 It is an idea that emerged as an understandable consequence of the ‘barbarous acts which have outraged the conscience of mankind’4 during the Second World War and that was proclaimed by the General Assembly of the United Nations on 10 December 1948 with the adoption of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights.5 In the six decades following, the belief that human rights are a value worthy of universal protection has multiplied exponentially, now appearing in countless international treaties and instruments, seeming to confirm Henkin’s assertion that human rights have been widely embraced In fact, the language of human rights has gained acceptance in almost every sphere of international law and politics, not only by policymakers, but also by NGOs, by the media, and more widely.6 Importantly, human rights are seen by most as providing a framework for a progressive transformation of our social and political reality Academic interest in international human rights as a discipline has also proliferated over the last sixty years and, indeed, continues to so Although human rights straddle many disciplines, the dominant discourse is a legal one Nowadays, every major university worldwide offers at least one module that focuses specifically on international human rights law Similarly, there exist more L Henkin, The Age of Rights (Columbia University Press 1990) ix ibid 1–2 A Sen, ‘Elements of a Theory of Human Rights’ (2004) 32 Philosophy and Public Affairs 315 Universal Declaration of Human Rights (adopted 10 December 1948) UNGA Res 217 A(III) (UDHR), preamble ibid D Chandler (ed), Rethinking Human Rights: Critical Approaches to International Politics (Palgrave Macmillan 2003) 1–2 266 Index The Difference: How the Power of Diversity Creates Better Groups, Firms, Schools and Societies 223n80 disciplinary power 73 Discipline and Punish: The Birth of the Prison 73n38 Discourse: Studies in the Cultural Politics of Education 90n143 Discourse on Method and Related Writings 209n38 discrimination 46, 114 Diversity and European Human Rights: Rewriting Judgments of the ECHR 116n110 Dobner, P 202n5 dominant vision, of legal history 171–172 domopolitics 81–82 Donnelly, J 129n32, 129n34 Dorling, D 147n10 Dorsett, S 173n16 Douglas-Scott, S 124n6 Douzinas, C 69n5, 70n7, 74n45, 80n82 Dreyfuss, H 72n24 Dudgeon v the United Kingdom 60n85 Duggan, L 101n27, 103n36 Duncan, N 2n10 Dunne, T 69n5 Duque v Colombia 104n43, 104n44, 105n46 Durojaye, E 57n71 Dworkin, R 223n78 Dworkinian approach 208 Dzehtsiarou, K 207n31, 215n57 economic, social and cultural rights 15 economic transformations 32 economization of citizenship 80, 87 Edgework: Critical Essays on Knowledge and Politics 71n21 Efik tribe 131, 133, 135, 136, 138 Ehrlich, E 127, 127n20, 128 Eisler, R 47–48, 48n30 Elements of Judicial Strategy 217n60 Elisabeta Dano v Jobcenter Leipzig 6n19, 69–93, 75n52, 76n60; case discussion 75–77; postmodern approach (govermentality) 69–74; ‘postmodern’ reading of Dano v Jobcenter Leipzig 77–91; governing through rights 80–88; new relational right 88–91 Emotions in the Field: The Psychology and Anthropology of Fieldwork Experience 229n13 Employment Act 1980, 21, 31 Enclosure Acts 14–15 Endfield, G.H 147n11 The End of Human Rights 80n82 Engels 14, 16 England, K.V.L 49n36 Engle, K 45, 45n19, 63n97 Enlightenment project 70 Epistemology of the Closet 100n19, 100n20, 101n24 Eriksen, T 228, 228n6, 229, 230, 230n15 Ernst, G 203n10 Esposito, R 83n103 ethical conduct 89–90 Ethics: Volume 1; Subjectivity and Truth ; Essential Works of Foucault 1954–1984, 71n17, 88n127, 89n137, 90n139 Ethics After Babel 206n25 Ethics and the Limits of Philosophy 129n35 EU citizenship 79 see also Elisabeta Dano v Jobcenter Leipzig EU Law: Text, Cases and Materials 75n53, 75n55, 77n69, 78n73, 79n74, 91n149 Eurocentrism 174 European Consensus and the Legitimacy of the European Court of Human Rights 207n31, 215n57 European Convention on Human Rights (ECHR) 28, 176, 178, 201, 207, 219, 232, 235; Dworkinian approach to 208; political reading of 209–210 see also political approach The European Convention on Human Rights: Achievements, Prospects and Problems 220n66 European Court of Human Rights (ECtHR) 20n37, 22, 22n42, 22n43, 22n44, 22n45, 22n47, 29, 29n73, 105–106, 109, 110, 176, 177, 178, 183, 235; case law 25; Chagos Islanders at 185–186; M.S.S v Belgium and Greece, anthropological approach to 185–186 European Union 75n58, 77n65, 85n113 Evatt, E 48n31 Ewick, P 128, 128n29 Extraterritorial Application of Human Rights Treaties 192n74 fa’afafine 112 Face-to-face interview 151, 152, 162, 165; map biography method 151, 152; participatory mapping 151, 152, 162, 165 Index Falk, Moore, S 128, 128n27 Faubion, J 93n157 Fear of a Queer Planet: Queer Politics and Social Theory 108n64 female genital mutilation 147 Feminism and the Power of Law 45n15 feminist critiques 43 Feminist Judgments: From Theory to Practice 44n8 feminist method and international human rights law see Alyne da Silva Pimentel Teixeira (deceased) v Brazil Feminist Perspectives on International Law: Between Resistance and Compliance? 43n3 Feminist Perspectives on Transitional Justice: From International and Criminal to Alternative Forms of Justice 43n3 feminists 99, 147 Fernandes, B.M 151n28, 155, 155n51, 155n52 Ferreira, N 89n128 Feyerabend, P 209n39 Fifty Years of the British Indian Ocean Territory: Legal Perspectives 194n82 Filax, G 103n39 Fineman, M 43n3 First-Time: The Historical Vision of an African American People 162, 163n77 Fischer, N 116n110 Flor Freire v Ecuador 104n43 folk memory 182 Folk Tales of the Maldives 195n85 Förster v Hoofddirectie van de Informatie Beheer Groep 87n122 Foucault, Michel 70n6, 70n14, 71n15, 71n17, 71n18, 72n24, 72n25, 72n27, 72n29, 73n30, 73n32, 73n35, 73n36, 73n37, 73n38, 74n40, 74n46, 88n124, 88n127, 89n133, 89n137, 90n138, 90n139, 90n140, 90n141, 90n142, 90n144, 92n152, 92n155, 93n157, 93n158, 100, 100n15, 101n22, 173, 174–175, 175n22, 175n25, 231n17 Foucault and his Interlocutors 175n23 Foucault and the Politics of Rights 72n23, 74n49, 88n126, 89n129 The Foucault Effect: Studies in Governmentality 73n31 Foucault’s work/a Foucauldian perspective 69–70 The Foundations of Modern Political Thought 202n2 267 fragmentation, self-determination and 141–142 Frankenberg, G 125n8, 140n69 Fredman, S 43, 44n7, 62, 62n92 Freedman, M 33 Freedom’s Law: The Moral reading of the American Constitution 223n78 Freeman, M.A 48n31 French, S 151n34, 153n40 French Radical Feminists 99, 99n8 French Revolution 15 friendship 88–89, 90 Frontier Dispute (Burkina-Faso v Republic of Mali) 137n62 Frost, T 184n54, 185n61, 187n64, 194n81, 194n82, 194n83, 195n86 Fukyama, F 202n2 Fundamental Principles of the Sociology of Law 127n20 Funteh, M.B 142, 142n77, 142n79 Galan, A 173n11 Galli, B 54n60 Galston, W 203n12 Garsten, C 231n19, 231n20 Gathii, J.T 15n9 gay 108 Gearey, A 69n5, 70n7, 74n45 Gellner, David N 232n21 Gender: A Sociological Reader 99n9 gender and sex, queer theory’s approach 99–100 Gender and Society 102n34 gender autonomy 68, 118 gender-based disparities 52 gender binary 112–113 gender dysphoria 111 gendered power relations 46 gender equality 46 gender identity 54; defining 107 gender incongruence 111 ‘Genderqueer,’ 107–108, 108n58 Genderqueer and Non-Binary Genders 108n58 gender recognition 109–113, 118 gender self-determination 110, 111–113, 118 gender transition 109–110, 111, 112 Gender Trouble: Feminism and the Subversion of Identity 99, 99n6, 99n10 General Jurisprudence: Understanding Law From A Global Perspective 127n17 genital surgery 109–110 268 Index geographical approach: community-based maps 146; ‘map biography’ technique 146; Moiwana Community v Suriname case, the 157–167; participatory mapping 146–153 geographical information systems (GIS) 152; defined 152–153 Gher, J.M 57n72 Gifford, R 179n35, 180n37 global capitalism 17, 26, 33, 74 Global Governmentality: Governing International Spaces 82n95 Global Legal Pluralism: A Jurisprudence of Law Beyond Borders 126n14 Golder, B 72n23, 74n46, 74n49, 88n126, 89n129, 93n158 Gómez Isa, F 47n27 Gonzalez-Salzberg, D.A 98n3, 103n41, 105n45, 109n65, 109n67, 109n70, 110n73, 115n104 Goodale, M 130n37 Gordon, C 73n31, 74n40 Gordon, R 171, 171n1, 171n3, 172n10, 176n33 Gough, K 228n5 Governing (Through) Rights 70n14, 74n41, 74n47, 74n51, 78n70, 81n85, 83n104, 92n153 governmentality 72–74, 79–83 The Government of the Self and Others: Lectures at the Collège de France 1982– 1983 90n138 Graham, M 148n15, 151n34 Gramsci, A 27, 27n65, 27n69 Green, A.I 101n27, 138n65 Greer, S 220n66 Griffith, J.A.G 26n64, 203n10 Griffiths, J 126n12 Gros, F 90n138 Gross, A 102n35, 116n110, 116n111 Grossi, V., Judge 105n46 group rights, self-determination and 140–141 Grünfeld, F 2n11, 3n15 Grusin, R 45n18 Gruszczynkski, L 243n65 Grzelczyk v Centre public d’aide social d’Ottignies-Louvain-a-Neuve 78, 78n73 Häkli, J 146n4, 147n8 Hale, C.R 155n55 Halley, J 74n50 Halme-Tuomisaari, M 255n14 Halperin, D.M 98, 98n1, 98n4, 100n19, 100n20 Hamilton, D 176n29 Hammett, D 148n15, 151n34 Hammond, R 102n30 Harding, D 2n10 Harley, J.B 147n5, 147n9, 148n14 Harman, H 254, 254n9 Harris, D.J 243n64 Harris, T 152n40 Harvey, D 33n85, 33n87, 34n89 Harvey, P 182n46, 196n87 Haskell, J.D 17n20 Hastrup, K 231n18 Hayek, F 33 Heathcote, G 43n3 Heilinger, J.-C 203n10 Hellumand, A 86n116 Henderson, J.Y 137, 137n61 Hendry, J 125n8, 128n30, 129n36, 136n58, 140n70, 227n2 Henkin, L 1n1, 251 Herb, G.H 146n4, 147n8 Herbst, J 134n53 Herlihy, P 148n16, 149n22 Herman, D 115n104 The Hermeneutics of the Subject: Lectures at the Collège de France 1981–1982, 90n138, 90n142 Hervey, T 69n4 heteronormativity 102, 103, 108, 117, 118 heterosexuality 100, 108, 118 hijra 112 Hirsch, E 232n21 Hirst v the United Kingdom 221n72 historical jurisprudence 171, 172 history/historical approach 171–176; anachronism 173, 174, 176; Chagos Islanders v the United Kingdom 176–197; contextualism 173; critical legal history 171; Foucauldian history 173, 174–175; legal history, use of 172–173; Marxist politics 175; as a method 173–174; post-colonial history of Chagossians 192–197; use of history 171 see also Chagos Islanders v the United Kingdom A History of British Labour Law, 1867–1945 21n39 The History of Sexuality: An Introduction 100n15, 101n22 The History of Sexuality: Volume 1; The Will To Knowledge 73n36, 100 Index Hobbesian political theory 216 Hobsbawm, E 175, 175n27, 175n28 Hochroth, L 70n14 Hodson, L 53n54 Hohenadel, K.M 102n30 Holmes, H.B 45n16 homo economicus 80 homonormativity 102–103, 117, 118 homosexuality, construction of 100 Homosexuality and the European Court of Human Rights 60n86 Hong Kong 139 Hoon, M de 173n11 Hopkins, A.G 26n60 Howell, C 21n41, 32n82, 32n83 The Human Face of the European Union: Are EU Law and Policy Human Enough? 89n128 Human Organization 148n16 Human Rights Act 1998 191, 191n71 Human Rights Encounter Legal Pluralism: Normative & Empirical Approaches 130n37 human rights history, of Chagossians 189–197 Human Rights in Global Perspective: Anthropological Studies of Rights, Claims and Entitlements 231n18 human rights research 1–2; research methods 3–4 Hunt, A 73n34 Hunter, I 173, 173n16 Hunter, R 44n8 Hurley, R 73n32, 73n36, 88n127, 89n137, 93n157 Hutchinson, T 2n10 Hydén, H 127n22 Hymes, D 229n14 I v the United Kingdom 109n66, 109n69 Ibañez, X.A 58n75 ICJ (International Court of Justice) 123, 130, 131, 132, 133, 134, 135, 136, 137, 142 The Idea of Human Rights 201n1, 203n9 The Idea of Statehood in International Law 138n65 identity politics 46 Imago Mundi 147n11 imperialism 174 imperialist capitalism 15 indigenous peoples 197n91; fundamental rights issues for 132–133; map-making 269 process 147–148; Moiwana Community v Suriname case, the 153–157; right to self-determination 137, 138–139 Indigenous Peoples in International Law 133n48, 137n63, 139n66 Industrial Law Journal 75n55 Industrial Relations Act 1971, 34 Inside Organizations: Anthropologists at Work 232n21 Inter-American Commission on Human Rights 108, 161, 162 Inter-American Court of Human Rights 7n20, 8n21, 104–105, 106–107, 110–111, 112–113, 113–118, 153–154, 156, 156n56, 156n57, 157, 158, 159n66, 159n68, 161, 161n74, 166n85, 246 Inter-American Human Rights System 161–162 International Court of Justice (ICJ) 8n21, 123, 130, 131, 132, 133, 134, 135, 136, 137, 137n62142 International Dissidence: Rule and Resistance in a Globalized World 93n156 International Labour Organisation (ILO) 140n72 International Law: Modern Feminist Approaches 43n3 international law, right to selfdetermination 137–139 International Law and Its Others 43n3 International Law from Below: Development, Social Movements, and Third World Resistance 18n25 International Relations Theory: Discipline and Diversity 69n5 International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems (ICD-11) 111 intersectional analysis 54 intersectionality 45–46 In the Beginning Was the Deed: Realism and Moralism in Political Argument 203n12, 207n32, 219n65 Introducing Anthropology: What Makes us Human? 227n2 Introducing the New Sexuality Studies 116n110 An Introduction to English Legal History 172n6, 172n10 An Introduction to Property Theory 155n54 The Invention of Heterosexuality 100n18, 100n19 270 Index In Whose Name? A Public Law Theory of International Adjudication 206n30, 208n35 Irvine, J.M 103n38 Jackson, S 99n9 Jagose, A 100n18 Japanese Legal Culture and the Hybrid Illusion 128n23 Jeffery, L 182n45 Joachim, J.M 57n72 Jobcenter Berlin Neukölln v Nazifa Alimanovic and Other 77n66 Johnson, P 60n86 Johnson, R 43n4 Johnson v McIntosh 21 U.S 543, 133n50 Jones, H 176n33 Joslin et al v New Zealand 106n47 judgment 205 Judging Under Uncertainty: An Institutional Theory of Legal Interpretation 208n35 judicial exegesis 250 Jurisprudence 69n1, 127n21 Just, P 227n2 Kaay, M 102n30 Kamminga, M.T 2n11, 3n15 Kars, M 154n49 Katz, J 100n18, 100n19 Kelly, R 116n110 Kelly, T 232, 232n22, 233n23, 233n24, 233n25, 233n26 Kepros, L.R 103n38 Key Methods in Geography 151n34, 153n40 Keynesian class compromise 32–33 Keynesian economic and political settlement 32 Khosla, R 58n75 Kings and Chiefs of Old Calabar 131 Kingsbury, B 197 Kirste, S 79n75 Kismödi, E 58n75 K.L v Peru 59, 59n79 Knapp, G 148n16, 149n22 Knop, K 42n3 Knox, R 26n62, 33n88, 34n90, 36n93, 36n94, 36n95, 175n26 Kondo, D.K 246n72 Koselleck, R 174n21 Kosofsky, Sedgwick, E 98, 98n5, 100n19, 100n20, 101, 101n24, 101n26, 102 Kostakopoulou, D 89n128 Kramer, D 77n68 Krever, T 17, 17n20 Kritzman, L.D 72n25 K.R.S v the United Kingdom 239, 239n50 Kumar, V 25n59 Kuovo, S 43n3 Kuper, A 227n4 Kurki, M 69n5 Kwan, M 152n40 Kwinti community, the 156 Kyritsis, D 205n22, 212n47, 213n52, 217n59, 218n62 Labor and Monopoly Capital 30n75 labour 24 labour law 33 labour movement 25 Labour Party 33 labour-power 24 1965 Lancaster House Agreement 193 Land and Maritime Boundary between Cameroon and Nigeria (Cameroon v Nigeria: Equatorial Guinea intervening) 8n21, 123, 123n2 land formalisation 148 Landman, T 3n15 Langdridge, D 102n33 Larmore, C 204n18 Larner, W 82n95 Las configuraciones de los territorios rurales en el siglo XXI 155n51 The Last Utopia 176n32 Latin America: Moiwana Community v Suriname case, the 153–157; non-capitalist territories 155 Latour, B 175n29 Lautsi and others v Italy [GC] 9n25; described 210–211; political approach to 211–224 Lautsi v Italy 9n24, 210n42, 211n45 Lavrysen, L 5n16 Law, Society and Community: Socio-Legal Essays in Honour of Roger Cotterrell 124n6 Law and Disagreement 202n4, 203n11, 204n16 Law and Method: Interdisciplinary Research into Law 171n2 Law and Politics in British Colonial Thought 173n16 Law in Transition: Human Rights, Development and Transitional Justice 25n59 Index The Law of International Lawyers: Reading Martti Koskenniemi 173n11 The Law of Peoples 202n7 Law of the European Convention on Human Rights 243n64 The Law on the Use of Force: A Feminist Analysis 43n3 Law Unlimited: Materialism, Pluralism, and Legal Theory 128, 128n25, 128n31, 135n56, 175n29 L.C v Peru 58, 58n75 Left Legalism/Left Critique 74n50 Legal consequences of the separation of the Chagos Archipelago from Mauritius in 1965 (Request for Advisory Opinion) 192n75 legal history 171; of Chagos Islands 188–189; dominant vision of 171–172; as a method 173–174; publications 172; use of 172–173 legal ideology 16 legal pluralist approach 123–143; anthropological heritage 125–126; Bakassi Peninsula case 132–143; critical legal pluralism 128; normative pluralism 126–128; overview 123–125; universalism v cultural relativism 129–130 see also Bakassi Peninsula case legal positivism 70, 74 legal reasoning 24, 36 legitimacy, sexual 116–117 Lenin, V.I 27n68 Lesaffer, R 171n2, 172n9 lesbian 108 Lesyna, K 51n47 Letsas, G 208, 208n36 Lewin, C 103n39 Lewis, R 21n38 Leyla Sahin v Turkey 259n25 LGBT rights, Advisory Opinion 24/2017 on 104–106 living law 127 Longhurst, R 151n34 Lotringer, S 70n14 Loughlin, M 202n5, 203n12 Lukes, S 36n92 L v Lithuania 110n72 Lyotard, J.-F 69n3 Mabo & Others v Queensland 133n49 MacFarlane, A 228n7 Machura, S 127n22 271 MacKinnon, C.A 42, 42n1, 43n3, 45n16, 46n21, 46n23 Madeley, J 194n83, 195n86 Magna Carta 15, 190, 190n69 Maguire, D.J 153n41 Maitland, F.W 172, 172n7 The Making of Law: An Ethnography of the Conseil d’État 175n29 Malinowski, B 228, 228n9 Malinowski: Odyssey of an Anthropologist, 1884-1920, 228n9 Manent, P 202n2 Manji, A 43n3 Mapas parlantes (oral maps) 149 map biography method 150; defined 150; description 150–151; face-to-face interview 151, 152; flexibility and 151; Moiwana Community v Suriname case, the 153–157; occupancy of land 151; process 151–153; use of land 151 ‘map biography’ technique 146 map-making process 147–148 map(s), participatory mapping: defined 146; using 147 see also community-based maps marginality 82 Maria Martinez Sala v Freistaat Bayern [1998] ECR I- 2691 Maric, T 227n2 Maritime and Transport Workers v the United Kingdom 5n17 Marks, S 16, 16n16, 17, 17n21, 17n22 Maroon Societies: Rebel Slave Communities in the Americas 154n49 marriage: discriminatory character of 116; queer theory 115–116; same-sex 115–117 Martinez-Cobo, J 197n90 Marx, K 13n1, 14n4, 14n5, 14n6, 14n7, 15n10, 16n14, 18n26, 24n54, 24n55, 24n56, 24n57, 24n58, 175n28 The Marx-Engels Reader 13n1, 14n6, 18n26 Marxist approach 13–20; class struggle 14–16; historical materialism 13–14; human rights and capitalism 18–20; ideology 16–18; Marxism and human rights 14 Marxist politics 175 Mason, J 151n34 Matawai community, the 156 maternal mortality 48, 62 see Alyne da Silva Pimentel Teixeira (deceased) v Brazil 272 Index Mattei, U 17n20 Mauritian Ilois Trust Fund Act 1982, 180 ‘Maximalism’ vs ‘minimalism,’ 206 McCann, E 251–252 McDowell, L 151n34 McGlynn, C 44n8 McGoldrick, D 210n43, 212n46 McInerney-Lankford, S 3n14, 228n11 Medina, J.F 155n51 Meeks, C 116n110 Melissaris, E 128n30 Mellet v Ireland 59n79 Melo, M 158n64 Meron, T 47n26 Merry, S.E 124, 124n5, 125, 125n10, 126n15, 127n19, 228n11, 229n12 Messerschmidt, D 229n14 Methods of Human Rights Research 3n15 meti 112 Meyersfeld, B.C 43n3 Michel Foucault: Beyond Structuralism and Hermeneutics 72n24 Michel Foucault, Politics Philosophy and Culture: Interviews and Other Writings 1977–1984 92n152 migrants 78, 80; economically inactive 80–88; identity 79; solidarity with 91 see also Elisabeta Dano v Jobcenter Leipzig Migration, Ethics and Power: Spaces of Hospitality in International Politics 91n147 migration politics 83 Milanovic, M 192n74 Milks, M 102n33 ‘Minimalism’ vs ‘maximalism,’ 206 Minkkinen, P 70n9, 70n14, 71n22 Mitchell, J.P 231n18 Moiwana Community v Suriname case, the 153–157; community-based maps/ mapping 154–155; freedom of movement 161; geographical approach 157–167; map biography method 153–157; participatory mapping as evidentiary activity 160–167; property, aspects of 155–156; right to communal and traditional property of Afro-descendants 157–161; right to life 160; right to territory 160–161 Monaghan, C 194n82 Monaghan, J 227n2 mononormativity 102, 117 Morgan, W 115n104 Morland, I 111n80 Morris Dickens, B 49n37 Mouffe, C 202n4 Mouzourakis, M 236n44 Moyn, S 176n32 M.S.S v Belgium and Greece 10n26, 233n28, 234n29, 234n30, 234n31, 240n55, 240n56, 240n57, 241n58, 242n62; anthropological approach to 234–247; described 234–236; Rule 39 request 244–245; When Humans Become Migrants 236, 237, 241 multiple gender identities 112 Mungiu-Pippidi, A 221n74 Murphy, T 2n11, 127, 127n21, 128n24 Murphy, W 217n60 Murray, C 184n54, 185n61, 187n64, 190n69, 194n81, 194n82, 194n83, 195n86 Murray, S 102n31 Mutua, M 16n17 muxhe 112 Narayan, K 229n14 National Commission on Land Rights (NCLR) 159, 166 National Union of Rail 5n17 National Union of Rail, Maritime and Transport Workers v the United Kingdom 20n37 A Nation by Rights: National Cultures, Sexual Identity Politics, and the Discourse of Rights 117n116 N’djuka community, the 156, 157–158, 159, 161 N’djuka Community v Suriname 163 neoliberal dedemocratisation 80 neo-liberalism 32, 34, 34n90, 38 Neoliberal Legality: Understanding the Role of Law in the Neoliberal Project 33n88 ‘neoliberal’ model 33 Ngwena, C 57–58, 57n71, 58n74 1980 Employment Act 22 Nobles, R 124n6 non-binary gender 107–108, 108n58 non-compliance 215 non-discrimination 75–76 non-indigenous communities 148 non-state normative orders 123–124 Norfield, T 26n61 Normal Life: Administrative Violence, Critical Trans Politics, and the Limits of Law 116n110 Index normative pluralism 126–128 Nyqvist, A 231n19, 231n20 Oakeshott, M 204n14 Oakley, A 99n7 Obaji, S.P 130n39 O’Boyle, M 243n64 occupancy: defined 151; map biography and 151 O’Connell, P 16n12 Odysseos, L 74n48 The Official History of Privatisation Popular Capitalism, 1987–97 33n86 official languages 152 Of Revelation and Revolution: Christianity, Colonialism, and Consciousness in South Africa 126n15 Old Africa Rediscovered 135n55, 141n74, 142n78 Olmos, M.B Giupponi 154n47 Olsen, M.M 153n46 O’Malley, P 74n41 One Hundred Years of Homosexuality: And Other Essays on Greek Love 100n20 On History 175, 175n27 On Human Rights 203n10 On the Jewish Question 18 oral maps (mapas parlantes) 149 Order of the Inter-American Court of Human Rights of November 21 2007, 159n66, 166n84 Order of the Inter-American Court of Human Rights of November 22, 2010, 166n85 Order of the President of the Inter-American Court of Human Rights of December 18, 2009, 159n68 Order Through Transfer: Studies in Comparative Constitutional Law 125n8 Orford, A 42n3, 43n3, 173, 173n11, 174–175, 174n18, 174n19, 174n20, 232n20 Organisational Anthropology: Doing Ethnography in and among Complex Organisations 231n19 organised labour 33 The Origins of Political Order 202n2 Orlandi and Others v Italy 106n47 Ortner, S.B 231n16 Oslender, U 150n25 Otto, D 43n3, 60n87 273 Paamaka community, the 156 Pact on the Reduction of Maternal Mortality 62 Page, S 223n80 Painter, G 175n29 P and S v Poland 59n80 Papendorf, K 127n22 Paris Peace Conference of 1814, 177 Parker, D 33n86 Parker, R 100n21 participatory mapping 146–153; Afro-descendant communities 149, 150; during colonialisation process 147; defined 148; as evidentiary activity 161–167; face-to-face interview 151, 152, 162, 165; human rights implications 148; identification symbols 164; Inter-American Human Rights System 161–162; mapas parlantes (oral maps) 149; map biography method 150–157; map-making process 147–148; as a method 146; Moiwana Community v Suriname case, the 153–157, 159, 160–167; overview 146; participants 165, 166; process 148–149; questionnaire 164–165; sketch maps 148–149; use of 147; Western format, use of 149–150 see also geographical approach particularism 229 Pashukanis, E 16, 16n13, 19, 19n31 Pashukanis, Selected Writings on Marxism and Law 16n13 pathologisation, of trans identities 111 Paths to International Justice: Social and Legal Perspectives 232, 232n22, 233n23, 233n24, 233n25, 233n26 Pearce, D 2n10 Pearce Committee 2n10 Pearson, Z 43n3 Peirano, M 229n14 Peñalver, E.M 155n54 Perceiving Women 231n17 performative construction, of gender 99–100, 112 Peterson, S.R 45n16 Phelan, S 100n13 Philippopoulos-Mihalopoulos, A 175n29 Philosophy and Public Affairs 1n3 The Philosophy of Human Rights: Contemporary Controversies 203n10 Pickles, J 147n6 274 Index Playing with Fire: Queer Politics, Queer Theories 100n13 pluralism: critical legal 128; normative 126–128 Pocock, J.G.A 173n14 Polimé, T 163 Political and Legal Anthropology Review 182n45 political approach: conception 203–204; described 201–210; Lautsi and others v Italy [GC] 210–224; ‘minimalism’ vs ‘maximalism,’ 206; and ‘orthodox’ conception 203–204; qua concept 201 Political Constitutionalism: A Republican Defence of the Constitutionality of Democracy 209n41 political-economic context 37–38 political economy 25 political engagement 27 political identity 81, 83 political insurgencies 15 Political Jurisprudence 203n12 political maps 146 Politics, Philosophy, Culture: Interviews and Other Writings 1977–1984 72n25 Politics and the Search for the Common Good 202n3, 203n13, 205n21, 205n23 Politics and Vision: Continuity and Innovation in Western Political Thought 202n2 The Politics of the Judiciary 26n64 The Politics of Truth 70n14 polygamous families 114, 117, 118 Posner, E 223n79 post-colonial history, of Chagossians 192–197 post-colonial States 142 post-colonial violence, colonial and 133–136 The Postmodern Condition 69n3 postmodern legality 70 poststructuralism 69–70 Pottage, A 175n29 Pountney, L 227n2 The Poverty of Theory and Other Essays 176n30 Power: Volume 3; Essential Works of Foucault 1954–1984 73n32, 93n157, 175n22 Power/Knowledge: Selected Interviews and Other Writings 1972–1977 74n40 power mapping see participatory mapping power relations 73, 74, 79, 84–85, 89; gendered 46 The Practice of Conceptual History 174n21 Price, R 154n49, 163n77, 163n78 private property 19 proportionality 83 Protecting Indigenous Knowledge and Heritage 137n61 Provost, R 123n1, 125, 125n9, 126n13, 130, 130n38 Przybylo, E 102n33 Qualitative Researching 151n34 queer reading, of Advisory Opinion 24/2017 106–118 queer theory 98–118, 111n80; gender/sex and 99–100; overview 98–99; sexuality and 100–101; working definition 101–104 Queer Theory: An Introduction 100n18 Queer Theory, Gender Theory: An Instant Primer 102n35, 111n80 R (on the application of Bancoult v Secretary of State for Foreign and Commonwealth Affairs) 184n52 Rabinow, P 71n17, 72n24, 88n127, 89n137 race 48 Rackley, E 44n8 Rainforest Warriors: Human Rights on Trial 163n78 Rajagopal, B 18n25 Rationalism in Politics and Other Essays 204n14 Ratnapala, S 69n1 Ratner, S.R 3n12 Rawls, J 202n7 Reading Humanitarian Intervention: Human Rights and the Use of Force in International Law 43n3 Read my Lips: Sexual Subversion and the End of Gender 111n80 Reconceiving Reality: Women and International Law 42n3 Rees v the United Kingdom 109n66, 109n68 Refah Partïsï v Turkey 259n26 Reilly, N 53n53 relativism, universalism v cultural 129–130 religious pluralism 212 Index remapping see participatory mapping Report of the Working Group of Experts on People of African Descent on its fourteenth session: Addendum ; Mission to Brazil 54n59 Report on the Inquiry concerning the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland under article of the Optional Protocol to the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women 58n76 Re-Reading Foucault: On Law, Power and Rights 74n46, 93n158 Research and Fieldwork in Development 148n15, 151n34 Research Handbook on Political Economy and Law 17n20 Research Methodologies in EU and International Law 69n4, 71n20, 74n44 Research Methods in Human Rights: A Handbook 3n14, 228n11 Research Methods in Law 70n9 Research Methods in the Social Sciences 103n39 resistance 71, 89 Rethinking Human Rights: Critical Approaches to International Politics 1n6 Revisiting the Origins of Human Rights 255n14 Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia – People’s Army (FARC-EP) 149n20 Richards, C 108n58 Richardson, D 103n37 Richie, C 102n30 The Riddle of All Constitutions: International Law, Democracy, and the Critique of Ideology 16n16, 16n18 rightlessness 74 The Rights of Peoples 132n47 right to self-determination 136–140 Right to territory: Moiwana Community v Suriname case, the 157–161 R.M.T v the United Kingdom 5n16, 23n49, 30n74, 31n76, 32n80; Article 11, 21–23; ASLEF v the United Kingdom 22; Demir and Baykara v Turkey 22; Employment Act 1980, 21; failure of strike 20–21; the Golden Formula 21; right to collective bargaining 22; Sørensen & Rasmussen v Denmark 22; wage reduction 20; Wilson and Palmer v the 275 United Kingdom 22; Young, James and Webster v the United Kingdom 22 R.M.T v the United Kingdom, Marxist reading 23–38; depoliticising the law 31–34; depoliticising the strike 29–31; human rights, capitalist logics 34–38; labour and capital 23–29 road maps 146 Roberts, C 186 Rodriguez-Wallenius, C.A 155n51 Roma community 55 Romany, C 60, 60n83 Romero-Frias, X 195n85 Rose, N 74n41, 74n42 Roth, M 175n24 Rozakis, C 239 R.R v Poland 59n80 R (on the application of Miller and another) (Respondents) v Secretary of State for Exiting the European Union (Appellant) 172n4 Rubin, G 100n21 Rudolf, B 48n31 Ruiz Zambrano v ONEM 83n101 Rules of Procedure of the Inter-American Court of Human Rights 161, 161n74 ruling class 15, 16 Russian Revolution 15 R (Bancoult) v Secretary of State for Foreign and Commonwealth Affairs 181n38 The SAGE Handbook of Qualitative Research 151n34, 152n40 Saint Foucault: Towards a Gay Hagiography 98n4, 100n19 same-sex couples, court’s reasoning on 113–118 San Diego International Law Journal 236n44 Sandvik, K.B 86n116 Sano, H-O 3n14, 228n11 Sanzig, J 86n116 Saramaka community, the 156, 162 Saramaka People v Suriname, the 156, 163 S.A.S v France 259n27 Savage Anxieties 134n51 Schalk and Kopf v Austria 106n47, 220n69 Schiff, D 124n6 Schöpp-Schilling, H.B 48n31 Scott, J 231n17 Scott, S 99n9 276 Index Security, Territory, Population, Lectures at the Collège de France 1977–1978, 73n30, 73n37, 92n155 Segal, J 217n61 Seidman, S 116n110 Selections from the Prison Notebooks 27n65, 27n69 self-determination 60; fragmentation and 141–142; of gender 110, 111–113, 118; group rights and 140–141; right to 136–140 Sellers, M.N.S 79n75 semi-autonomous communities 128 Sen, A 1n3 Senellart, M 73n30 Sepielli, A 218n63 Sepúlveda, L 58n75 Sex, Gender and Society 99n7 sex and gender, queer theory’s approach 99–100 sex determination 110–111 Sex Rights: The Oxford Amnesty Lectures 2002, 116n113 sexual expression 60 sexual identities 115 sexual imperative 101 Sexualities 103n37 sexuality, queer theory and 100–101 Sexuality and Transsexuality under the European Convention on Human Rights: A Queer Reading of Human Rights Law 98n3, 103n41 Sexuality in the Legal Arena 115n104 sexual legitimacy 116–117 sexual orientation 54, 107, 108, 114 Sexual Orientation and Human Rights: The United States Constitution, the European Convention, and the Canadian Charter 60n86 Sharlet, R 16n13 Sharpe, A 111n82, 111n83 Sheffield and Horsham v United Kingdom 109n68 Sheppard, C 123n1, 125, 125n9, 126n13, 130, 130n38 Sheridan, A 73n38 S.H.H v the United Kingdom 243, 243n66 Shiffer, M 152n40 Shogan, D 103n39 Silbey, S 128, 128n29 sketch maps 148–149 Skinner, Q 173n14, 202n2 Slaughter, A-M 3n12 slavery 15 Sletto, B 149n18, 149n23 Slotte, P 255n14 Sluga, H 202n3, 203n13, 205, 205n21, 205n23 Small Places, Large Issues: An Introduction to Social and Cultural Anthropology 228n6 Smart, C 45, 45n15 Smith, S 69n5 social and cultural anthropology 227 Social and Cultural Anthropology: A Very Short Introduction 227n2 social assistance 83, 85 social barriers 15, 62 social benefits 77 social conflicts 36 social consciousness 13 social constructions 62, 84 social democratic welfare-states 27–28 social determinants 62 social existence 13, 15 social groups 28 social injustice 52 Socialist Register 36n92 social justice 140 social mapping see participatory mapping social movements 74 social regulation 19 social relations 16–18, 19, 20, 35; of capitalism 23–24 social struggle 16 socioeconomic disparities 52, 55 socio-economic rights 15 Sokhi-Bulley, B 69n4, 70n8, 70n14, 71n16, 72n26, 72n28, 74n41, 74n43, 74n47, 74n51, 78n70, 79n75, 81n85, 82n99, 83n104, 85n115, 92n151, 92n153, 93n156, 252, 253 Sokolowski, S.W 182n46, 196n87 solidarity 33; with migrants 91 Somatechnics: Queering the Technologisation of Bodies 102n31 Somekh, B 103n39 Sørensen & Rasmussen v Denmark 22, 22n44, 220n71 Spaces of Indigenous Justice 136n58 Spade, D 116n110 Spaeth, H 217n61 Spain 139 Spatial Justice: Body, Lawscape, Atmosphere 175n29 Spatial Turn 147n6 Index Spencer, D 229n13 Stark, B 48n35, 55, 56n67, 56n69 state-centrism, ideology of 135, 136, 141 Steans, J 70n10 Stout, J 206n25 Streeck, W 28n72, 32n81 Street maps 147 Strengthening the Protection of Sexual and Reproductive Health Rights in the African Region through Human Rights 57n71 structural violence 126 Studying Human Rights 3n15 Study of the Problem of Discrimination Against Indigenous Populations 197n90 Stychin, C.F 101n27, 115n104, 117n116 Sullivan, N 100n18, 102n31 Sumara, D 103n39 Sumption, Lord 190n69 Sunstein, C 223n79 The Supreme Court in the American Legal System 217n61 The System of the Constitution 206n28, 221n75 Taekema, S 171n2 Taha, M 31n79 Tamanaha, B.Z 124, 124n4, 127n19 Taming the Past 176n33 Tasioulas, J 203n10 Tatum, M.L 128n30, 129n36, 136n58, 140n70 Taylor-Harding, R 128n23 teleological interpretation 113 Templeton Dunn, J 51n47, 53n51, 55, 55n61, 55n63, 61, 61n91 Tendencies 98n5, 101n26 Tensions in the Struggle for Sexual Minority Rights in Europe: Que(e)rying Political Practices 103n38 terra nullius 133 Thatcher government of 1979 32 The Degradation of the International Legal Order: The Rehabilitation of Law and the Possibility of Politics 15n11 The German Ideology 16 Theilen, J 113n91 A Theory of Interpretation of the European Convention of Human Rights 208n36 third gender 112 Thompson, E.P 176, 176n30 Thornbury, P 197 Thuku, M 147n7 277 Thym, D 75n55 Tierney, S 141, 141n76 Tobias, T.N 150n26, 151, 151n29, 152n35, 153n42, 162n76, 165n82 Tomlins, C 175n29 Tomz, M 140n71 topographic maps 146 Tosic, J 233n24 Toward a New Legal Common Sense 132n46 Towards a Feminist Theory of the State 42, 42n1, 45n16 Towards a Sociology of Law as Governance 73n34 Trade Disputes Act 21n40 trade unionism 25 Trade Unions Act 21n40 Trade Unions and the State: The Construction of Industrial Relations Institutions in Britain, 1890–2000 21n41, 32n82 Transformations in American Legal History: Law, Ideology, and Methods – Essays in Honor of Morton J Horwitz, Volume II 176n29 transgender 107 Transgender Jurisprudence: Dysphoric Bodies of Law 111n82, 111n83 trans identities, pathologisation of 111 transpinoy 112 transvestite 112 Travers, R 102n30 Treaty of Protection (1884) 131 Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union (TFEU) 75 Trojani v CPAS [2004] ECR I-7573, 76n63 The Trouble with Normal: Sex, Politics, and the Ethics of Queer Life 116n110, 116n111, 116n112 True, J 49n36 Tsakyrakis, S 212n47, 213n52, 218n62 Tsarapatsanis, D 204n15, 204n16, 205n24, 206n27, 221n73 Tuck, R 173n14 Tucker, R 14n6, 18n26 Tulkens, F 239 Tully, J 173, 173n14, 173n15 Tushnet, M 35–36, 35n91, 253 The Twilight of Constitutionalism 202n5 The Twilight of Equality: Neoliberalism, Cultural Politics, and the Attack on Democracy 103n36 278 Index Twining, W 125n11, 126–127, 126n16, 127n17, 127n18 two-spirit 112 Twyman, C 148n15, 151n34 Tysiac v Poland 59n80 Ubiquitous Law 128n30 UN Charter 132, 137 The UN Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women: A Commentary 47n27, 48n31 Underdown, S 227n2 Understanding Law in Society: Developments in Socio-Legal Studies 127n22 Understanding Non-Monogamies 102n33 Undoing Gender 112n84, 112n87 Unger, R.M 202n6 UNISON v the United Kingdom 29–30, 29n73 United Kingdom, devolution in 139 United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS) 187–188 United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples (UNDRIP) 140n72 United Nations General Assembly 137n59 United Nations Human Rights Committee 105–106 Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR) 1n4, 43, 256 universalism 229 universalism v cultural relativism 129–130 UN Resolution 1514 (1960) 137 Use value, defined 24 uti possidetis, principle of 137, 141 Vade, D 108n58 Vale, M 32n83 Valentine, G 151n34, 153n40 Valocchi, S 102n34 Valonguiero, S 54n60 Valverde, M 74n41 van Klink, B 171n2 Vasiliev, I 146n2 Velásquez, F.L 155n51 Vencatassen, M 177, 180 Venzke, I 206n30, 208n35 Vergès, J 38n97 Vermeule, A 206n28, 208n35, 221, 221n75, 222 Veyne, P 175, 175n23 Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties 113 Vij, R 85n115 Vine, D 182n46, 196n87 violence: colonial and post-colonial 133–136; forms 132; structural 126 Violence against Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Trans and Intersex Persons in the Americas 108n64 Vitoria 173 Voeten, E 26n64, 214n56, 216n58 von Benda-Beckmann, F 124n7 von Bogdandy, A 206n30, 208n35 Vo v France 59n81 Wages, Price and Profit 24n55 Waldron, J 129, 129n33, 202n4, 203n11, 204n17 Walters, W 74n42, 81–82, 81n89, 82n92, 82n93, 82n95, 84n108 Warf, B 147n6 waria 112 Warner, M 102, 102n29, 108, 108n64, 116, 116n110, 116n111, 116n112, 117 Watkins, D 70n9 Weapons of the Weak 231n17 Weeks, J 140n71 Weiler, J 211, 211n44, 213, 213n48, 220n68 Weiner, D 152n40 Wendt, F 206n26, 222n77 Werner, W 173n11, 243n65 western cartography 147 western gender binary 112 What is Anthropology? 230n15 What Is to Be Done? Burning Questions of Our Movement 27n68 Whelan v Ireland 59n79 When Humans Become Migrants: Study of the European Court of Human Rights with an Inter-American Counterpoint 233n27, 234n30, 235n40, 236n45, 237n46, 238n47, 238n48, 239n51, 239n53, 240n55, 240n56, 240n57, 241n58, 241n59, 243n63, 243n67, 244n69, 245n71 Where Our Protection Lies: Separation of Powers and Constitutional Review 205n22, 217n59 White, H 173n14 Whittle, S 108n58, 111n80 Index Who Believes in Human Rights? Reflections on the European Convention 3n15, 257n19 WHO indicators 50 Why Humans Have Cultures? Explaining Anthropology and Social Diversity 227n3 Whyte, J 74n46, 93n158 Why the History of English Law is Not Written 172n7 Wickham, G 73n34 Wikileaks 186n63 Wilchins, R 102n35, 111n80 Williams, B 129, 129n35, 203n12, 204n19, 207n32, 219n65 Williams, P 81n83 Williams, R 134, 134n51 Willox, A 111n80 Wills, J 36n92 Wilson, National Union of Journalists and Others v the United Kingdom 22n45 Wilson, R.A 231n18 Wilson and Palmer v the United Kingdom 22, 25 Wingrove v the UK 259n28 Wintemute, R 60n86 Wittig, M 99, 99n8 Wolin, S 202n2 A Woman’s Work 254n9 Women, Poverty, Equality: The Role of CEDAW 48n31, 56n66, 61n89 women, pregnant, human rights law for 52 279 Women’s Committee in its General Recommendation 54 Women’s Human Rights: Seeking Gender Justice in a Globalizing Age 53n53 women’s sexual and reproductive rights 60 World Health Organisation 111 Worlds of Human Rights: The Ambiguities of Rights-Claiming in Africa 86n116 Wright, S 42, 42n2 Writing Security: United States Foreign Politics and the Politics of Identity 69n2 Yamin, A.E 54n60, 62, 62n93 Yogyakarta principles 107, 108 Young, James and Webster v the United Kingdom 22, 22n43 Young, M 228n8 Youngdahl, J 26n63, 37n96 Zahn, R 75n55 Zampas, C 57n72 Zanghellini, A 115n104 Zapatismo 147 Zaret, A 51n47 Zembylas, M 90n143 Zerilli, F.M 233n26 Zhu and Chen v Secretary of State for the Home Department 83n100 Zinsstag, E 43n3 Zucca, L 212n47 ... 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