Thời gian làm bài: 60 phút; không kể thời gian phát đềRead the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the ques
Trang 1Thời gian làm bài: 60 phút; không kể thời gian phát đề
Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions.
For three decades, China operated the "one-child" policy of population control This was abandoned
in 2016 in favor of a two-child policy to boost the labor force But average fertility rates keep falling,even as restrictions are lifted In 2016, after the one-child policy was abandoned, there were 17.86 millionbirths This dropped to 17.2 million in 2017 and 15.2 million in 2018 – the third-lowest rate since thefoundation of the People's Republic of China in 1949
Much of China's astonishing economic growth of the past four decades has been fueled by a young
labor force, but this too is in rapid decline, while the elderly population is dramatically increasing In
China in 2017, the ratio was six workers in the 20-64 age bracket supporting one senior citizen at least 65years old This will decline to 2.0 workers in 2039 and 1.6 in 2050 "No social security net, no family
security and a pension crisis — this will evolve into a humanitarian catastrophe As women live six to
seven years longer than men on average [and are usually a few years younger than their husbands], theywill be the main victims of population control," said Yi
Clearly more needs to be done to encourage women to have more children But couples indeveloped societies have fewer kids, largely because of expensive education costs and pressure onhousehold incomes in the cities Average fertility rates in Taiwan and Hong Kong from 2001 to 2018were 1.14 and 1.07 respectively "The best way to get more women to have more children is to make iteasy and cheap for women to get good reliable childcare, and work," said George Magnus, a researchassociate at Oxford University's China Centre, and at SOAS
We live in a grey world For the first time last year, there were more people on Earth who were 65and over than children under 5 Because of the sheer pace of aging, China appears doomed to get oldbefore it gets rich "Measured by the proportion of 65+ and the old age dependency ratio, China will age
as much in the next 22 years as most Western economies have done in the last 60-70 years — and at farlower levels of income per head, and with a much less developed social security system," Magnus said
By 2040, China's income per head could be anywhere between 20,000 USD (18,000 Euro) and 40,000USD per head depending on what happens to the economy and growth
The key to easing the effects of a greying population in China is to raise the participation of older
workers and women in the workforce It also needs to look to immigration, currently at negligible levels
in China And key to all of this is productivity "Higher productivity is the Holy Grail, but how to deliverit? Investment in new technologies should help," said Magnus
Trang 2Câu 1 (VD): What is the main idea of the passage?
A Global population decline will take its toll on China
B The “one-child” policy has proved effective in population control
C A decline in China’s population has shocked the whole world
D China is in two minds regarding which population policy to adopt
Câu 2 (NB): The word "this" in the passage refer to ?
A young labor force B economic growth C China D elderly population
Câu 3 (TH): The word “catastrophe” is closest in meaning to _
A disaster B conflict C embarrassment D shame
Câu 4 (TH): The word "greying" in the passage mostly means
C growing more mature D getting more productive
Câu 5 (TH): When was the “two-child” policy adopted in China?
Câu 6 (TH): According to George Magnus, all of the following can be done to encourage women to have more children EXCEPT
A making it easier for women to have good children
B making it easier for women to enjoy reliable childcare
C making it easier for women to find job after child bearing
D making it easier for women to work with reliable employer
Câu 7 (TH): Why was it said that women would be the main victims of population control?
A Women tend to outlive men and are often younger than their husbands
B There will be no social security net
C The society will become no longer secure to live in
D There will surely be a pension crisis among elderly people
Câu 8 (TH): Which of the following is mentioned by Magnus as the essence of relieving the burden of
aging population?
A Investing more in technologies B Encouraging more immigrants
C Increasing salaries for old laborers D Keeping women laborers at negligible levels
Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the underlined part that needs correction in each of the following questions.
Câu 9 (TH): Half of all Americans aged 12 to 30, ‘if ever, rarely, read a newspaper’
Câu 10 (NB): He refused to comment before he had seen all the relevant informations
Trang 3Câu 11 (TH): It is in Hanoi, Vietnam, in the year 2021 where the 31st SEA Games is scheduled to takeplace
Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the sentence that is CLOSEST in meaning to each of the following questions.
Câu 12 (VD): More and more companies are conducting business online
A Online business is more and more developed thanks to many companies
B An increasing number of companies conduct their business online
C Many companies have been opening more and more trading online
D Business is more and more conducted by many companies
Câu 13 (VDC): "She seems the most likely candidate for the job." said the secretary
A The secretary thought highly of her as the candidate for the job
B The secretary was afraid that she wouldn’t be able to take the job
C The secretary asserted that the girl was the best candidate for the job
D The secretary doubted that the girl would be offered the job
Câu 14 (VDC): Hardly had she spoken than she regretted it bitterly
A After she had spoken, she regretted it bitterly
B She had spoken it, and then she regretted it bitterly
C She had no sooner spoken than she regretted it bitterly
D Because she had spoken it, she regretted it bitterly
Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the sentence that best combines each pair of sentences in the following questions.
Câu 15 (VD): John’s car broke down on his way to the airport He missed the flight
A John’s car broke down on his way to the airport, and he missed the flight at the same time
B Knowing that he would miss the flight, John stopped driving on his way to the airport
C John missed the flight because his car broke down on his way to the airport
D While John’s car broke down on his way to the airport, he missed the flight
Câu 16 (VDC): John knew everything about his project He presented it in an interesting way
A Not only did John know everything about his project, but also he presented it in an interesting way
B John knew everything about his project so that he presented it in an interesting way
C Because John knew everything about his project, no one could present it in a more interesting way
D Knowing everything about his project allows John to present it in an interesting way
Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word(s) CLOSEST in meaning to the underlined word(s) in each of the following questions.
Câu 17 (TH): Mobile libraries bring books to children in many small countries These libraries travel
from towns to towns in cars, vans, or trucks
Trang 4A staying in one place B moving from place to place
C can be bent easily and quickly D changing shape or expression easily and often Câu 18 (TH): If I say something odd, it’s because I didn’t sleep at all last night When I get extremely tired, I can sometimes get a bit weird
A not be able to participate B not be able to concentrate
C to be too clever D to act strangely or unusually
Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word(s) OPPOSITE in meaning
to the underlined word(s) in each of the following questions
Trả lời cho các câu 19, 20 dưới đây:
Câu 19 (VDC): “If you’re ever in a jam and need any help, ask me.”
A in a bad condition B in an easy situation C in a favourable condition D in a trouble
Câu 20 (VD): “I am nuts about computers I have about seven in my house Four laptops and three
desktop computers.”
A to need to sell something B to like something a lot
C to be part of a fan club D to be sick of something
Mark the letter A, B, C or D to indicate the correct response to each of the following exchanges Trả lời cho các câu 21, 22 dưới đây:
Câu 21 (TH): Jane and Janet are talking about their graduation ceremony.
Jane: "Where are we going to have our party after the graduation ceremony?”
Janet: " "
A Well, I love parties
B I don’t know, maybe at the Grand Hall
C You know it’s too late
D Sure not You even don’t know it yourself
Câu 22 (TH): Mary is talking to her friend about his accident.
Mary: “I’m sorry to hear about your accident Tough break.”
Mary’s friend: “ _”
A I like it that you understand B That was really bad luck!
C I should be tougher next one D I feel no sorry for you, Mary
Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word whose underlined part differs from the other three in pronunciation in each of the following questions.
Trả lời cho các câu 23, 24 dưới đây:
Câu 23 (TH): A decided B afforded C advanced D invented
Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word that differs from the rest in the position of the primary stress in each of the following questions
Trang 5Câu 25 (NB): A fireplace B outweigh C lifestyle D folklore Câu 26 (NB): A accident B essential C inventor D assemble Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions.
Câu 27 (NB): Science and advance technology have made _ better for millions of people
worldwide
Câu 28 (NB): Last night, I couldn’t sleep because the music from the party next door through
the open windows
A blared B was blaring C had blared D had been blaring
Câu 29 (TH): Tobacco is currently responsible the death of one adult in ten worldwide
Câu 32 (TH): Egyptian civilization, which arose around 3200 BC, followed a trajectory _ to
that of Mesopotamia
A similar B similarly C similarity D similarities
Câu 33 (VD): In harsh business competition, almost any company is _ out for fresh new talent
Câu 34 (NB): David commonly worried about so badly in front of people that everyone would
laugh at him
A to perform B perform C performing D performance
Câu 35 (TH): Under prolonged stress, people become susceptible to such as headaches,
digestive issues, diabetes and heart disease
Câu 36 (VD): We ourselves to finding a solution to our problem
Câu 37 (TH): person is kind and gives emotional support to others
Câu 38 (VD): When I was young, I everywhere with my sister
A would go B should go C might go D ought to have gone
Câu 39 (VD): It’s necessary they the form to complete prior to taking time off
Trang 6A to be given B be given C would be given D being given
Câu 40 (VD): My mother always used to say, “It’s no use _ over spilled milk.”
Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct word or phrase that best fits each of the numbered blanks
What bothers most women about men in the west is that while they expect their wives to work outside,they still call house work “women’s work.” And then there is a man who makes his wife feel inferior byreminding her his salary is bigger than hers In what way is this woman liberated when she is performing
so much more than her share (41) her relationship, marriage and family?
Only a few years ago women cleverly designed legally binding contracts called prenuptial agreements to
protect their assets and economic (42) during marriage and in case of divorce Men accused women who asked for such contracts, manipulative and (43) _, simply because she was looking
out for herself
If a woman has property, a high (44) _ career or other assets, it becomes a partial property of her future husband if she does not state (45) _ in a prenuptial agreement This portrays the double
standard women in the west face Whenever a man asserts himself or “beats the system,” he is calledintelligent and resourceful, but if a woman asserts herself, she is called manly or aggressive The system
is designed so that men are the only ones allowed to play
(Adapted from part-2)
Câu 45 (VD): A otherwise B however C nonetheless D whereas Read the passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions
Nanotechnology is the creation and use of materials or devices at extremely small scales Thesematerials or devices fall in the range of 1 to 100 nanometers (nm) One nm is equal to one-billionth of ameter (0.000000001 m), which is about 50,000 times smaller than the diameter of a human hair Scientistsrefer to the dimensional range of 1 to 100 nm as the nanoscale, and materials at this scale are callednanocrystals or nanomaterials
The nanoscale is unique because nothing solid can be made any smaller It is also unique becausemany of the mechanisms of the biological and physical world operate on length scales from 0.1 to 100
nm At these dimensions materials exhibit different physical properties; thus scientists expect that manynovel effects at the nanoscale will be discovered and used for breakthrough technologies
Trang 7number of important breakthroughs have already occurred in nanotechnology These developmentsare found in products used throughout the world Some examples are catalytic converters in automobilesthat help remove air pollutants, devices in computers that read from and write to the hard disk, certainsunscreens and cosmetics that transparently block harmful radiation from the Sun, and special coatingsfor sports clothes and gear that help improve the gear and possibly enhance the athlete’s performance.Still, many scientists, engineers, and technologists believe they have only scratched the surface ofnanotechnology’s potential.
Nanotechnology is in its infancy, and no one can predict with accuracy what will result from thefull flowering of the field over the next several decades Many scientists believe it can be said withconfidence, however, that nanotechnology will have a major impact on medicine and health care; energyproduction and conservation; environmental cleanup and protection; electronics, computers, and sensors;and world security and defense
(Adapted from: Encarta DVD 2009) Câu 46 (VD): What is the passage mainly about?
A A new physical property of matters in nature
B A way of manufacturing technological products
C An introduction to a new technology
D An overview of how technology will develop
Câu 47 (NB): The word “that” refers to _
A converters B automobiles C technologies D properties
Câu 48 (VD): The word “novel” is closest meaning to
A imaginative B innovative C inventive D significant
Câu 49 (TH): Which of the following statements is NOT true about nanotechnology according to the
passage?
A No other products are smaller than those made by nanotechnology
B Nanotechnology allows the production of things at extremely small scales.
C Nanotechnology has seen a number of important breakthroughs
D Medicine and healthcare will be greatly affected by nanotechnology
Câu 50 (VD): Which of the following will be most likely discussed in the next part of the article?
A word security and defense B nanotechnology’s potential
C how nanotechnology works D nanotechnological products
Trang 8Đáp án
LỜI GIẢI CHI TIẾT Câu 1: Đáp án D
Kiến thức: Đọc hiểu
Giải chi tiết:
Ý chính của bài đọc là gì?
A Việc suy giảm dân số toàn cầu sẽ tác động đến Trung Quốc
B Chính sách “một con” đã thể hiện tính hiệu quả trong việc kiểm soát dân số
C Sự suy giảm dân số của Trung Quốc đã gây sốc trên toàn thế giới
D Trung Quốc đang cân nhắc đến chính sách nào nên áp dụng
Câu 2: Đáp án B
Kiến thức: Đọc hiểu
Giải chi tiết:
Từ “this” trong bài đọc đề cập đến .
thúc đẩy bởi một lực lượng lao động trẻ, nhưng điều này cũng đang suy giảm nhanh chóng, trong khi dân
số cao tuổi đang gia tăng đáng kể
Câu 3: Đáp án A
Kiến thức: Đọc hiểu
Giải chi tiết:
Từ “catastrophe” gần nghĩa nhất với .
Trang 9=> catastrophe = disaster: thảm họa
Câu 4: Đáp án A
Kiến thức: Đọc hiểu
Giải chi tiết:
Từ “greying” trong bài đọc gần nghĩa nhất _.
greying (adj): già đi
A getting older: trở nên già hơn
B becoming weaker: trở nên yếu hơn
C getting more mature: trở nên trưởng thành hơn
D getting more productive: trở nên năng suất hơn
=> greying = getting older: trở nên già hơn
Câu 5: Đáp án B
Kiến thức: Đọc hiểu
Giải chi tiết:
Chính sách “hai con” được áp dụng ở Trung Quốc khi nào?
A Năm 1996
B Năm 2016
C Năm 2017
D Năm 2018
Thông tin: This was abandoned in 2016 in favor of a two-child policy to boost the labor force.
Tạm dịch: Điều này đã bị bãi bỏ vào năm 2016 để ủng hộ chính sách hai con nhằm tăng cường lực lượng
lao động
Câu 6: Đáp án D
Kiến thức: Đọc hiểu
Giải chi tiết:
Theo George Magnus, tất cả những điều nào dưới có thể được thực hiện để khuyến khích phụ nữ sinhnhiều
con hơn ngoại trừ
A giúp phụ nữ dễ dàng có dịch vụ chăm trẻ tốt hơn
B giúp phụ nữ dễ dàng tận hưởng việc chăm sóc trẻ đáng tin cậy
C giúp phụ nữ dễ dàng tìm công việc sau khi sinh hơn
D giúp phụ nữ dễ dàng làm việc với người chủ đáng tin cậy hơn
Thông tin: The best way to get more women to have more children is to make it easy and cheap for
women to get good reliable childcare, and work
Tạm dịch: Cách tốt nhất để có nhiều phụ nữ sinh nhiều con hơn là giúp phụ nữ dễ dàng và nhận được
dịch vụ chăm trẻ tốt đáng tin cậy, rẻ và cả công việc
Trang 10Các phương án A, B, C đều được đề cập.
Câu 7: Đáp án A
Kiến thức: Đọc hiểu
Giải chi tiết:
Tại sao lại nói rằng phụ nữ sẽ là nạn nhân chính của việc kiểm soát dân số?
A Phụ nữ có xu hướng sống lâu hơn nam giới và thường trẻ hơn chồng của họ
B Sẽ không có mạng lưới an sinh xã hội
C Xã hội sẽ không còn an toàn để sống nữa
D Chắc chắn sẽ có khủng hoảng lương hưu giữa những người già
Thông tin: As women live six to seven years longer than men on average [and are usually a few years
younger than their husbands], they will be the main victims of population control
Tạm dịch: Vì trung bình phụ nữ sống lâu hơn sáu đến bảy năm so với nam giới [và thường trẻ hơn chồng
vài tuổi], họ sẽ là nạn nhân chính của kiểm soát dân số
Câu 8: Đáp án A
Kiến thức: Đọc hiểu
Giải chi tiết:
Câu nào dưới đây được đề cập bởi Magnus như là bản chất của việc làm giảm gánh nặng dân số già?
A Đầu tư nhiều hơn vào công nghệ
B Khuyến khích nhiều dân nhập cư
C Tăng lương cho lao động già
D Giữ lao động nữ ở mức không đáng kể
Thông tin: And key to all of this is productivity "Higher productivity is the Holy Grail, but how to
deliver it? Investment in new technologies should help.”
Tạm dịch: Và chìa khóa cho tất cả điều này là năng suất "Năng suất cao hơn là Chén Thánh, nhưng làm
thế
nào để vận chuyển nó? Đầu tư vào các công nghệ mới sẽ giúp ích.”
Câu 9: Đáp án B
Kiến thức: Rút gọn mệnh đề quan hệ
Giải chi tiết:
Ta dùng hiện tại phân từ (V_ing) để rút gọn mệnh đề mang nghĩa chủ động
Dạng đầy đủ: Half of all Americans who ages 12 to 30, ‘if ever, rarely, read a newspaper’.
Dạng rút gọn: Half of all Americans aging 12 to 30, ‘if ever, rarely, read a newspaper’.
Sửa: “aged” => “aging”
Tạm dịch: Một nửa số người Mĩ tuổi từ 12 đến 30 thực sự hiếm khi đọc báo.
Câu 10: Đáp án D
Kiến thức: Danh từ