Water conservation and growth

Among the many natural resources water is the most important resource .Without water we cannot survive for more than few hours .level of groundwater is going down at a very fast speed and If this continues the day will come when there will be a third world war for the water itself .

International Journal of Management (IJM) Volume 11, Issue 3, March 2020, pp 220–226, Article ID: IJM_11_03_023 Available online at http://www.iaeme.com/ijm/issues.asp?JType=IJM&VType=11&IType=3 Journal Impact Factor (2020): 10.1471 (Calculated by GISI) www.jifactor.com ISSN Print: 0976-6502 and ISSN Online: 0976-6510 © IAEME Publication Scopus Indexed WATER CONSERVATION AND GROWTH Dr Hemant Sharma Professor, Amity University, Haryana, India Krishan Kumar Research Scholar, Amity University Haryana, India Reena Rani Assistant Professor, Govt College for Girls Sec-14 Gurugram, India ABSTRACT Among the many natural resources water is the most important resource Without water we cannot survive for more than few hours level of groundwater is going down at a very fast speed and If this continues the day will come when there will be a third world war for the water itself Water is not equally spread over all the areas in a country or in the world The people of Arabian countries know how difficult it is to get water in proper quantity In our country also there are some areas which not have water in abundance, whereas the people of other areas use water without any limit of wasting it, thinking that it will never be in shortage in future But the situation is not so This is the time to wake up if we still remain asleep there will be crisis of water everywhere We should try to make every effort to conserve this natural resource Government is also taking steps to conserve water but government alone can nothing No doubt government alone can take big steps in this direction but the smallsmall steps by each one of us will make a big difference in the direction of conservation of this natural resource Rainwater harvesting is one of the way to conserve water which should be adopted in every Government and private organization as a rule by the government provision should also be made for subsidies on loan and purchase of raw material while construction of apartments for adoption of measure of water conservation Government can motivate the individuals in numerous ways for water conservation There is deficiency of these motivators on the part of government in this direction to encourage people for water conservation Keywords: water conservation, motivators, rainwater harvesting Cite this Article: Dr Hemant Sharma, Krishan Kumar and Reena Rani, Water Conservation and Growth, International Journal of Management (IJM), 11 (3), 2020, pp 220–226 http://www.iaeme.com/IJM/issues.asp?JType=IJM&VType=11&IType=3 http://www.iaeme.com/IJM/index.asp 220 editor@iaeme.com Dr Hemant Sharma, Krishan Kumar and Reena Rani INTRODUCTION Growth rate measurement is helpful to see the tendency of way on which we are going Actually it gives us a future prospective by analyzing past trends It’s also help full for comparisons perspective This study focuses on the growth of a country There are many methods of measurement of growth An important method is GDP or national income measurement In this research study it is tried to be find out if there is any relationship between growth rate and water conservation The water consumption in India is not dependent on demand for water but on the supply of water provided by the municipalities and people adjust their needs according to it As the water crisis looms large over several Indian cities Gurugram too stares at serious scarcity in the next decade As per GMDA estimates demand for water in the City is expected to increase four times by 2031 from the current 400 million litre Per day to 1650 MLD on account of an increase in population and heightened construction activity in Gurugram Manesar urban complex Gurugram current population is around 22 lakh and is expected to increase 45 lakh by 2031 As per the Bureau of Indian Standards the per capita consumption of water is 145 litre per person per day of which only 45 litre goes towards kitchen use and remaining for non kitchen purpose The number are alarming given the acute shortage of water in several areas of the city GMDA plan to meet the need of non drinking uses with recycled water at least partially around 25% of demand is estimated to be meet by recycle water by 2031 In order to distribute recycled water a distribution pipeline is required to be set Gurugram has no water source of its own it gets water from two channels, one is NCR water channel with the capacity of 175 cusec and another is gurugram water supply channel with the capacity of 500 caused There are boosting station in the City ,In Sector 16 and 51 which receive water from Basai , Chandu and Budhera.One more boosting station is under construction in sector 75 to meet the water demand in new sectors In order to motivate gurugram resident for water conservation a website and a helpline of Guru Jal project was launched Social media campaign ''panch litre challenge'' which encourages saving water at individual level is launched Under this challenge every citizen has to conserve five litre of water everyday and tag his friend and relative to so as well Every citizen need to contribute for water conservation and report on misuse of water whenever they see it People can also file complaint about water leakage, illegal bore well ,over exploitation of groundwater etc on the website and helpline In spite of the efforts of gurugram Administration other department should also work jointly and document the work done by them All department should fix their target under the jalshakti Abhiyan and prepare and action plan to achieve them All these efforts of Haryana government will boost the the jalshakti vision of Prime Minister Narendra Modi Haryana government has decided to launch the special campaign in 81 dark zone block of 19 district of the state from July 1st to September 15 which will be run later in the entire state under the Jalshakti Abhiyan Rain water will be collected and recharging of groundwater will be done Apart from this water will also be conserved by installing digital water metre Plantation is also an important goal under the Jalshakti campaign With an estimate of 500 plants for every village a target has been set to plant 30 lakh saplings in the rural area of the state Digital water metre will be installed on the tube well of the panchayat and Public Health engineering department to save water It is mandatory to setup rooftop rainwater harvesting system at the time of construction of new buildings In the same way it should be made mandatory for older buildings so that the maximum water storage is possible In Gurugram the municipal corporation has empanelled agencies through which rainwater harvesting system are being constructed and maintained in buildings Student of schools and colleges should also be approached Jal Shakti campaign so that they could also make aware of saving water http://www.iaeme.com/IJM/index.asp 221 editor@iaeme.com Water Conservation and Growth OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY To understand the meaning of water conservation To analysis the water availability issues To find out the relationship between growth and water expenditure To recommend some solutions for water conservation METHODOLOGY USED In this research secondary data are used for the objective of the study This research is analytical and qualitative in nature Secondary data has been composed through published material available online or through libraries in the form of books, reports and accessed journal etc Based on literature, hypotheses were established to find out relationships between Growthand water conservation issues The data has been collected through online or personal data collection method and the hypotheses will be verified through different statistical tools WATER CONSERVATION - IT CAN BE DEFINED AS UNDER Reduction in the loss, use or wastage of water that is beneficial for the mankind Reduction in the use of water by implementing water conservation or water efficiency measures Developing management practices that will enhance the use of water in a beneficial way This will reduce the demand of water which is increasing at a fast speed Cost benefit analysis must be done before using any device, technology, or improved design or process to reduce water loss, waste or use MAJOR FINDINGS AND DISCUSSION Water Availability (Ecological Issue) Table Water Availability Reduction (in Cubic Meter and in %) WATER AVAILABILITY (IN REDUCTION YEAR CUBIC METER) (IN %) 2001 1816 2011 1545 15% s2015 1474 19% 2025 1401 23% 2050 1191 34% (Source: Office of the Registrar General, India, Yojana Aayog, selected socio economics statistics, India - 2017) (Source: central ground water board (GCWB) Above table is showing an actual and projected trend of water level availability and water level reduction as water level availability and reduction (in %) in 1816 cubic meter in 2001 that reduced to 1191 cubic meter and 34% in 2050 respectively http://www.iaeme.com/IJM/index.asp 222 editor@iaeme.com Dr Hemant Sharma, Krishan Kumar and Reena Rani Figure Water Availability Reduction Above figure is showing actual and projected trend of water level availability and water level reduction as water level availability and reduction (in %) in 1816 cubic meter in 2001 that reduced to 1191 cubic meter and 34% in 2050 respectively Table Water Expenditure (In Crore) Year 2010 - 11 2011 - 12 2012 - 13 2013 - 14 2014 - 15 2015 - 16 2016 - 17 2017 - 18 2018 - 19 2019 - 20 Water Expenditure (in Crore) 62.3 80.4 78.4 86.5 86.5 139.3 116.7 327.5 343.3 398.9 (Source: Ministry of Statistical and Programme and Implementation Planning Commission Govt of India) As shown by the above table Water expenditure showing increasing trend as its 62.3 crore in 2010 – 11 and increased to 398.9 crore in 2019 – 20 Figure Per Capita Water Availability in India (Actual and Projected) http://www.iaeme.com/IJM/index.asp 223 editor@iaeme.com Water Conservation and Growth Above diagram showing the Per Capita Water availability’s decreasing trend (actual and projected) as it was 1816 cubic meter in 2001 that reduced to 1191 cubic meter in 2050 Table Regression Analysis – GDP and Expenditure SUMMARY OUTPUT Regression Statistics Multiple R R Square Adjusted R Square Standard Error Observations ANOVA 0.894788 0.800646 0.772167 52.21325 Df Regression Residual Total Intercept GDP(in billion) SS MS 76643.38 2726.223 76643.38 19083.56 F 28.11339 Significance F 0.001121 Coefficients -200.514 95726.94 Standard Error 67.77044 t Stat -2.95873 P-value 0.021143 Lower 95% -360.766 Upper 95% -40.2628 0.040952 0.007724 5.302206 0.001121 0.022688 0.059215 H0: There is not any significant difference between GDP Growth Rate and Water Expenditure H1: There is significant difference between GDP Growth Rate improvement and Water expenditure Regression analysis was carried out to identify water expenditure reduction Analysis reveals that there is significant positive relationship between the GDP Growth rate and water expenditure reduction as r (8) = 0.894788, p= 001121 and df = 8(9-1) Hence null hypothesis was failed to reject that significant difference between GDP Growth Rate improvement and water expenditure inclination GOAL OF WATER CONSERVATION Following are the goals of water conservation efforts: Sustainability - water should be available for future generation also in sufficient quantity Therefor its usage rate should not be more than its natural replacement rate Energy conservation - Management of water require consumption of energy in its pumping, delivery, and treatment of waste water Over 15% of total electricity is consumed in water management itself in some regions of the world Habitat conservation -freshwater habitats for local wildlife and migrating waterfowl can be preserved by management of water by using different conservation technologies CONSERVATION TECHNOLOGIES Water conservation technologies aims at matching the supply of water with its demand and these techniques may be demand oriented, supply oriented or management oriented Which technology will be used for water conservation will depend upon the field of its usage whether it is used for domestic, irrigation or industrial purpose Following are the some techniques Rainwater harvesting- it means to collect the rainwater to increase water supply It will artificially recharge the groundwater level to have self sufficiency to water supply, the cost of pumping groundwater will also be reduced We will be able to get high quality water ,soft and http://www.iaeme.com/IJM/index.asp 224 editor@iaeme.com Dr Hemant Sharma, Krishan Kumar and Reena Rani low mineral water through dilution when recharged Problem of soil erosion and flooding will also be reduced In saline or coastal areas the measure provides good quality water Better irrigation practices- water is very much essential for the growth of plants and crops Salinity in water is increasing day by day due to excessive use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides People are using various techniques of water harvesting and recharging according to their region to tackle the problem Overhead irrigation, using Center-pivot or lateralmoving sprinklers, give a much more equal and controlled distribution pattern Drip irrigation is best water delivery method but it is most expensive and least used Use of saline water for irrigation- we should develop those variety of crops that is salt resistant so that saline water can be widely used without any restriction for watering plants and crops Mulching- organic and inorganic materials such as plant debris and compost improve the soil moisture so that evaporation of water can be reduced and soil fertility can be improved Tippy Tap for water conservation - it is a tap which helps a through hand wash using a limited amount of water Normal tap require 300 to 500 ml of water for hand wash but if tippy tap is used only 60 to 80 ml of water is used propagation of Dry Garden/ ecolawns- In the direction of water conservation an effective step is plantation of drought resistant plant species Soak pit construction -soak pit should be constructed near waterpoints like hand pumps This will work like a sanitation measure as well as will help in recharging of groundwater Tree plantation- Tree plantation is one of the most useful technique for water conservation Long distance transfer of water- Interlinking various river is also a strategy for transfer of water from surplus basins to that area where is shortage of water 7.1 At our Level what we can for Water Conservation We should use only that amount of water which is necessary, tap should not be left open while brushing, shaving, washing hands Leaking tap should be replaced or repaired timely That model of washing machine should be used which require less amount of water, and tap should not be running all the time while washing dishes and clothes Water in which fruit and vegetables have been washed should be used to water flower and plants water left in the water bottle should not be thrown, that should be used for watering plants Water must be reused as much as possible Water conservation habits and attitude should be followed and inculcated in children We should try to save every drop of water CONCLUSION Water cannot be conserved by the effort of a single agency may it be government, family, industry etc It should be our collective effort to make a markable difference in the direction of water conservation We should not think that we are conserving water for others but we should think that we are conserving it for our future generation Before it is too late, let all of us as individual, families, communities, companies and Institutions; take a pledge today that we will use water wisely Using water wisely itself is a big step in the direction of water conservation which not require any cost, the thing it require is a change in our attitude http://www.iaeme.com/IJM/index.asp 225 editor@iaeme.com Water Conservation and Growth REFERENCES [1] Das, M (2007) Clean India action for water, www.google.com [2] California energy commission, (2005), california's water energy relationship, p.8 [3] www.ci.tucson.az.us/ water/ tsn wtr/ conserve/ outdoor/ harvest.htm [4] Environment & water India, 2000 3rd Annual International Exhibition, conference [5] Water -use it wisely (2010), U.S multi -City public outreach program, park & co., Phoenix, AZ Assessed -02-02 [6] Mamta kumari and Jagdeep Singh, water conservation strategies and solutions, www.ijarr.in https://en.m.wikipedia.org [7] Water-Saving technologies "watersense and partnership program us Environmental protection agency [8] EPF (2010-01-13)" how to conserve water and use it effectively Washington, DC retrieved 2010- 02-03 [9] http://www.ibiblio.org/pha/policy/1944/440722a.html [10] Inglehart, R 1997 Modernization and Postmodernization: Cultural, Economic, and Political Change in 43 Societies Princeton, New Jersey: Princeton University Press [11] Jun, M (2007), August 8, 2007 After green GDP, what next? Chinadialogue, from [12] http://www.chinadialogue.net/homepage/show/single/en/1219-After-green-GDP-whatnext- [13] Kuznets, S (1934) National Income 1929–1932 A report to the U.S Senate, 73rd Congress, 2nd Session Washington, DC US Government Printing Office [14] Epstein, et al (1941) National Income and Its Composition, 1919 [15] New York 1938, Volume 1: National Bureau of Economic Research [16] B N Suma, C V Srinivasa, (2017), A Study on Morphometric Parameter of a Watershed for Sustainable Water Conservation International Journal of Civil Engineering and Technology, 8(9), pp 271–278 [17] Suwari Akhmaddhian and Hartiwiningsih Hartiwiningsih, (2018), The Public Participation in Water Conservation to Embody Food Security in Kuningan, Indonesia, International Journal of Civil Engineering and Technology, 9(4), pp 254–264 http://www.iaeme.com/IJM/index.asp 226 editor@iaeme.com ... editor@iaeme.com Water Conservation and Growth OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY To understand the meaning of water conservation To analysis the water availability issues To find out the relationship between growth and. .. relationship between growth rate and water conservation The water consumption in India is not dependent on demand for water but on the supply of water provided by the municipalities and people adjust... Habitat conservation -freshwater habitats for local wildlife and migrating waterfowl can be preserved by management of water by using different conservation technologies CONSERVATION TECHNOLOGIES Water