Utilization of print resources in degree college libraries in Visakhapatnam District: an analytical study

This article reports the results of an analytical study conducted on the utilization of print resources in the degree college libraries in Visakhapatnam District, Andhra Pradesh.

International Journal of Management (IJM) Volume 11, Issue 2, February 2020, pp 209–220, Article ID: IJM_11_02_022 Available online at http://www.iaeme.com/ijm/issues.asp?JType=IJM&VType=11&IType=2 Journal Impact Factor (2020): 10.1471 (Calculated by GISI) www.jifactor.com ISSN Print: 0976-6502 and ISSN Online: 0976-6510 © IAEME Publication Scopus Indexed UTILIZATION OF PRINT RESOURCES IN DEGREE COLLEGE LIBRARIES IN VISAKHAPATNAM DISTRICT: AN ANALYTICAL STUDY Dr M Doraswamy Professor/University Librarian, Department of Library and Information Science, University Library, Dravidian University, Andhra Pradesh, India V Appalaswami Naidu Librarian & Ph.D Research Scholar (PT), Dr V.S Krishna Government Degree College (A), Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh, India ABSTRACT This article reports the results of an analytical study conducted on the utilization of print resources in the degree college libraries in Visakhapatnam District, Andhra Pradesh A questionnaire was distributed among 1485 students out of which 1100 respondents returned filled-in questionnaires at an overall response rate of 74% The results showed postgraduate students using print resources, reference books, competitive books, periodicals/magazines, dissertations/project reports and old question papers more in number as compared to undergraduate students In contrast, the undergraduate students were found using news papers more in number, compared to postgraduate students Among other significant findings, arts students preferred using competitive books, dissertations/project reports and newspapers more in number than science students, whereas science students used reference books, periodicals/magazines and old question papers more in number as compared to arts students Keywords: Print Resources, Usage pattern, PG Students, Arts Students, Science Students Cite this Article: Dr M Doraswamy and V Appalaswami Naidu, Utilization of Print Resources in Degree College Libraries in Visakhapatnam District: An Analytical Study, International Journal of Management (IJM), 11 (2), 2020, pp 209–220 http://www.iaeme.com/IJM/issues.asp?JType=IJM&VType=11&IType=2 http://www.iaeme.com/IJM/index.asp 209 editor@iaeme.com Utilization of Print Resources in Degree College Libraries in Visakhapatnam District: An Analytical Study INTRODUCTION In general, Libraries perform the key task of dissemination of information and knowledge among large user groups by utilizing various resources, including textbooks, reference books, periodicals/magazines, theses/dissertations, newspapers, electronic resources among others In view of the evolution of newer and more dynamic education systems as a global phenomenon, user information are more varied and specialized now, thereby posing big challenges for the library communities Libraries are essentially repositories of a large number of valuable print and electronic resources that support information needs of users for teaching-learning and research as well In such a scenario, libraries empower users by making a number of resources available that help them save time and effort, thus enabling them to take well-informed decisions on optimum utilization of library resources The users search for newer ideas, unknown facts and specialized information through methodical scientific research becomes possible in modern libraries that offer multi-modal platforms of information-sharing and knowledge dissemination by leveraging Information Communication Technologies (ICTs) Hence, it is a common practice in any modern library to develop, maintain and share scholarly, academic and general information in many different print and electronic formats This trend of bringing a balanced mix of traditional and modern information and knowledge resources are even more profound in academic libraries found in degree colleges, polytechnics, universities, colleges of education etc In its most conventional wisdom, academic libraries primarily strive to provide various resources and information services so that the basic educational objectives of students as well as faculty is fulfilled Academic libraries are regarded as ‘service institutions’ as user satisfaction rank as the most important mission Needless to say, such libraries largely seek to fulfill the information needs of students, faculty and researchers A college library lends critical support to the parent institution in the form of learning materials so that the established norms of education are attained through fulfillment of the learning needs of users Degree College libraries supplement classroom teaching; promote scholarly orientation among students while supporting the faculty in exploiting their research potential The degree college libraries in India, both located in urban and rural areas have undergone a lot of transformation in recent times They promote the academic scholarly interests of various user groups by delivering a host of traditional and modern services through a mix of conventional wisdom and technology Today’s Degree college libraries not limit themselves to the delivery of information, but also contribute to the overall development of personality and employability skills among students However, in view of the changing paradigms of work as well as the dynamic nature of the information needs, periodic evaluation of library facilities and services is highly desirable to ensure their effective functioning As a time-tested tool, evaluation of the library information delivery processes ensures their sustainability and productivity The library facilities and services in a typical Degree college is best performed, either by applying a user perceptioncentered criterion through a survey of faculty and students or, by methods analyzing the circulation records, shelf availability studies, inter library loan statistics, citation studies and other house-keeping services This paper seeks to conduct a critical examination of user data in select Degree colleges located in the territorial limits of Visakhapatnam city, which is analyzed to determine vital parameters like user satisfaction and usage levels in relation to the library resources Also, it is intended to use the distinct outcomes of the study to put forward suitable strategies and mechanism to effectively utilize their available library resources and services http://www.iaeme.com/IJM/index.asp 210 editor@iaeme.com Dr M Doraswamy and V Appalaswami Naidu OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY   The main objective of the study is to observe the usage levels of different print resources such as text books, reference books, competitive books, periodicals/magazines, dissertations/project reports, old question papers and newspapers among postgraduate students To recommend concrete suggestions and recommendations to the concerned authorities to improve the library resources based on the inputs collected from postgraduate students HYPOTHESIS The following hypothesis was formulated for testing:  There won’t be any significant difference in the usage levels between users of Government and Aided colleges; undergraduate and postgraduate students; and Arts and Science students with regard to different library print resources RESEARCH METHODOLOGY The study examines the information usage pattern among users in Degree college libraries in Visakhapatnam district of Andhra Pradesh There are three categories of Degree colleges viz., Government, Aided and Un-aided colleges in Visakhapatnam The researcher has selected Government and Aided Colleges in first instance Out of the 12 Government and aided Degree colleges in Visakhapatnam, the researcher has selected government colleges and aided colleges that offer both undergraduate and postgraduate programmes in the second instance At present, there are 8123 (7427 UG students + 696 PG students) users in the above selected degree colleges Since the population is too large, a sample of 1485 (20% of the total population) UG students and 278 (40% of the total population) PG students has been drawn from the total population by simple random method However, the investigator received responses from 892 (60% of the sample) UG students and 208 (75% of the sample) PG students only DATA ANALYSIS After collecting the data from the users of degree colleges, the data is checked and analyzed as per the objectives and hypotheses stated earlier Firstly, the data is recorded on data sheets and then fed manually into the computer Then, the data is tested with various statistical tools (Descriptive statistics and Chi-square test) by using the SPSS If the observed frequency is less than five in any cell of a row, then that row is merged with its adjacent row while calculating the chi-square value However, some of the calculations are done with the help of a calculator The data has been presented in the form of tables in the following paragraphs USAGE OF LIBRARY PRINT RESOURCES The overall usage levels of various print resources, namely text books, reference books, competitive books, periodicals/magazines, dissertations/project reports, old question papers and newspapers by users and the ranking of degree colleges has been presented in the following paragraphs The weightages of 4, 3, 2, and are assigned to the responses of always, often, sometimes, rarely and never used, respectively The total weightages and mean weightages are calculated for each college A rank has been assigned to each college on the basis of the mean weightage of the user’s responses http://www.iaeme.com/IJM/index.asp 211 editor@iaeme.com Utilization of Print Resources in Degree College Libraries in Visakhapatnam District: An Analytical Study 6.1 Text books The distribution of users according to the usage level of textbooks is shown in Table Table shows that majority of the users (48.82%) used textbooks always; 31 percent used often; 11.64 percent used sometimes; 5.73 percent used rarely; and the remaining 2.82 percent used never Table Distribution of users with regard to the usage level of text books Category Programme Discipline Total Govt Aided UG PG Arts Science 262 275 436 101 217 320 537 Always (49.62) (48.08) (48.88) (48.56) (46.87) (50.24) (48.82) 146 195 281 60 145 196 341 Often (27.65) (34.09) (31.50) (28.85) (31.32) (30.77) (31.00) 68 60 101 27 56 72 128 Sometimes (12.88) (10.49) (11.32 ) (12.98) (12.09) (11.30) (11.64) 38 25 48 15 27 36 63 Rarely (7.20) (4.37) (5.38) (7.21) (5.83) (5.65) (5.73) 14 17 26 05 18 13 31 Never (2.65) (2.97) (2.92) (2.40) (3.89) (2.04) (2.82) 528 572 892 208 463 637 1100 Total (100.00) (100.00) (100.00) (100.00) (100.00) (100.00) (100.00) χ² (Govt.- Aided) : 9.0832 D: TV: 9.488 NS @ 0.05 Level χ² (UG – PG) : 1.9287 D: TV: 9.488 NS @ 0.05 Level χ² (Arts – Science) : 4.0536 D: TV: 9.488 NS @ 0.05 Level Level of usage Based on χ² values shown in Table 1, no significant difference is found between the users of government and aided colleges; undergraduate students and postgraduate students; and arts and science students in the level of usage of text books It is proved by the chi-square values, which are not significant at 0.05 level with four degrees of freedom 6.2 Ranking of Colleges Vs Usage Level of Text Books The ranking of colleges in terms of the usage level of text books is shown in Table Table 2: Ranking of colleges in terms of the usage level of textbooks S.No Name of the College Dr VSKGDC AMALC AVNC STJCW GDCN VWGDC Total Weightage 1026 480 565 785 199 435 Mean Weightage 3.26 3.24 3.23 3.15 3.06 2.94 Rank As shown in Table the users of Dr VSKGDC used the text books more than the other degree college library users, finishing in the first rank among colleges It is followed by the library users of AMALC, AVNC, STJCW, GDCN and VWGDC in second, third, fourth, fifth and sixth rank, respectively http://www.iaeme.com/IJM/index.asp 212 editor@iaeme.com Dr M Doraswamy and V Appalaswami Naidu 6.3 Reference Books The distribution of users according to the usage level of textbooks is shown in Table Table 3: Distribution of users with regard to the usage level of reference books Level of usage Always Often Sometimes Rarely Never TOTAL Category Govt Aided 69 87 (13.07) (15.21) 70 95 (13.26 ) (16.61) 112 123 (21.21) (21.50) 133 114 (25.19) (19.93) 144 153 (27.27) (26.75) 528 572 (100.00) (100.00) χ² (Govt.- Aided) : 6.3641 χ² (UG – PG) : 43.1815 χ² (Arts – Science): 29.7132 Programme UG PG 106 50 (11.88) (24.04) 116 49 (13.01) (23.56) 200 35 (22.42) (16.83) 217 30 (24.33) (14.42) 253 44 (28.36) (21.15) 892 208 (100.00) (100.00) D: D: D: Discipline Arts Science 54 102 (11.66) (16.01) 47 118 (10.15) (18.53) 92 143 (19.87) (22.45) 121 126 (26.14) (19.78) 149 148 (32.18) (23.23) 463 637 (100.00) (100.00) TV: 9.488 TV: 9.488 TV: 9.488 Total 156 (14.18) 165 (15.00) 235 (21.36) 247 (22.45) 297 (27.00) 1100 (100.00) NS @ 0.05 Level Sig @ 0.05 Level Sig @ 0.05 Level Table shows that 27.00% users never used reference books; 22.45 percent used rarely; 21.36 percent used sometimes; 15.00 percent used often; and the remaining 14.18 used always Based on χ² values shown in Table 3, no significant difference is found between the users of government and aided colleges in the usage of reference books It is proved by the chisquare value, which is not significant at 0.05 level with four degrees of freedom However, there is a significant difference between the undergraduate and postgraduate students in this regard This means that postgraduate students used reference books more as compared to the undergraduate students It is also evident from Table that there is a significant difference between arts and science students in the level of usage of reference books as evidenced by the chi-square value, which is significant at the 0.05 level with four degrees of freedom This means that science students used reference books more as compared to arts students 6.4 Ranking of Colleges Vs Usage Level of Reference Books The ranking of colleges in terms of the usage levels of reference books is shown in table Table 4: Ranking of Colleges in terms of the usage levels of reference books S.No Name of the College STJCW Dr.VSKGDC AMALC GDCN AVNC VWGDC http://www.iaeme.com/IJM/index.asp Total Weightage 500 549 258 103 235 191 213 Mean Weightage 2.01 1.74 1.74 1.58 1.34 1.29 Rank 2 editor@iaeme.com Utilization of Print Resources in Degree College Libraries in Visakhapatnam District: An Analytical Study As shown in table 4, the users of STJCW used reference books better compared to other degree college library users making the college get the first rank It is followed by the users of Dr VSKGDC, AMALC, GDCN, AVNC, and VWGDC in the second, third, fourth, fifth and sixth ranks, respectively 6.5 Competitive Books The distribution of users according to the usage level of competitive books is shown in Table Table 5: Distribution of Users as per the usage of level of competitive books Category Programme Discipline Total Govt Aided UG PG Arts Science 111 144 186 66 108 144 252 Always (21.02) (24.65) (20.85) (31.73) (23.33) (22.60) (22.91) 102 104 158 48 69 137 206 often (19.32) (18.18) (17.71) (23.08) (14.90) (21.51) (18.73) 69 89 125 33 45 113 158 Sometimes (13.07) (15.56) (14.02) (15.86) (9.72) (17.74) (14.36) 113 98 189 22 97 114 211 Rarely (21.40) (17.13) (21.19 ) (10.58) (20.95) (17.90) (19.18) 133 140 234 39 144 129 273 Never (25.19) (24.48) (26.23) (18.75) (31.10) (20.25) (24.82) 528 572 892 208 463 637 1100 Total (100.00) (100.00) (100.00) (100.00) (100.00) (100.00) (100.00) χ² (Govt.- Aided) : 5.6173 D: TV: 9.488 NS @ 0.05 Level χ² (UG – PG) : 25.4145 D: TV: 9.488 Sig @ 0.05 Level χ² (Arts – Science) : 32.3345 D: TV: 9.488 Sig @ 0.05 Level Level of usage The Table shows that 24.82% users never used competitive books; 22.91 percent used always; 19.18 percent used rarely; 18.73 percent used often; and the remaining 14.36 percent used sometimes Based on χ² values shown in Table 5, there is no significant difference between the users of government and aided colleges in the level of usage of competitive books It is proved by the chi-square value, which is not significant at the 0.05 level with four degrees of freedom However, there is a significant difference in this regard between the undergraduate and postgraduate students This means that postgraduate students used competitive books more as compared to the undergraduate students It is also evident from Table that there is a significant difference between arts and science students in the level of usage of competitive books as evidenced by the chi-square value, which is significant at the 0.05 level with four degrees of freedom This means that arts students used competitive books more as compared to science students 6.6 Ranking of Colleges Vs Usage Level of Competitive Books The ranking of colleges in terms of the usage level of competitive books is shown in table Table 6: Ranking of Colleges as per the usage level of competitive books S.No Name of the College GDCN AMALC http://www.iaeme.com/IJM/index.asp Total Weightage 149 308 214 Mean Weightage 2.29 2.08 Rank editor@iaeme.com Dr M Doraswamy and V Appalaswami Naidu Dr VSKGDC AVNC STJCW VWGDC 632 349 495 220 2.01 1.99 1.99 1.49 4 As shown in table 6, the users of GDCN made more use of competitive books compared to other college library users with the first rank among colleges The library users of other colleges i.e AMALC, Dr VSKGDC, AVNC, STJCW and VWGDC are placed in the second, third, fourth, fifth and sixth ranks, respectively 6.7 Periodicals/Magazines The distribution of users according to the usage level of periodical/magazines is shown in Table Table 7: Distribution of users as per the usage level of periodicals/magazines Category Programme Discipline Total Govt Aided UG PG Arts Science 150 155 228 77 126 179 305 Always (28.41) (27.10) (25.56) (37.02) (27.21) (28.10) (27.73) 115 105 169 51 88 132 220 often (21.78) (18.35) (18.95) (24.52) (19.01) (20.72) (20.00) 101 72 139 34 66 107 173 Sometimes (19.13) (12.59 ) (15.58) (16.35) (14.25) (16.80) (15.73) 64 56 101 19 41 79 120 Rarely (12.12) (9.79) (11.32) (9.13) (8.86) (12.40) (10.91) 98 184 255 27 142 140 282 Never (18.56) (32.17) (28.59) (12.98) (30.67) (21.98) (25.64) 528 572 892 208 463 637 1100 Total (100.00) (100.00) (100.00) (100.00) (100.00) (100.00) (100.00) χ² (Govt.- Aided) : 30.4468 D: TV: 9.488 Sig @ 0.05 Level χ² (UG – PG) : 27.4345 D: TV: 9.488 Sig @ 0.05 Level χ² (Arts – Science) : 12.5649 D: TV: 9.488 Sig @ 0.05 Level Level of usage Table shows that 27.73% users used periodicals/magazines always; 25.64 percent used never; 20.00 percent used often; 15.73 percent used sometimes; and the remaining 10.91 percent used rarely Based on χ² values shown in Table 7, there are significant differences are found between the users of government and aided colleges; undergraduate students and postgraduate students; and arts and science students in the level of usage of periodicals/magazines It is proved by the chi-square values, which are significant at the 0.05 level with four degrees of freedom This means that the government college users used periodicals/magazines better than the users of aided colleges, while postgraduate students used them more compared to the undergraduate students Also, science students used the periodicals/magazines better than arts students http://www.iaeme.com/IJM/index.asp 215 editor@iaeme.com Utilization of Print Resources in Degree College Libraries in Visakhapatnam District: An Analytical Study 6.8 Ranking of Colleges Vs Usage Level of Periodicals/Magazines The ranking of colleges in terms of the usage levels of periodicals/magazines is shown in table Table 8: Ranking of Colleges in terms of usage levels of Periodicals /Magazines S.No Name of the College VWGDC GDCN Dr.VSKGDC STJCW AVNC AMALC Total Weightage 362 148 701 498 346 291 Mean Weightage Rank 2.45 2.28 2.23 2.00 1.98 1.97 As shown in table 8, the users of VWGDC used the periodicals/magazines more than the other degree college library users making the college get the first rank It is followed by the library users of GDCN, Dr VSKGDC, STJCW, AVNC and AMALC in second, third, fourth, fifth and sixth ranks, respectively 6.9 Dissertations/Project Reports The distribution of users according to the usage levels of dissertations/project reports is shown in Table Table 9: Distribution of users as per the usage level of dissertations/project reports Category Programme Discipline Total Govt Aided UG PG Arts Science 17 14 13 20 Always (3.22) (0.52) (1.57) (2.88) (2.81) (1.10) (1.82) 32 29 35 26 29 32 61 often (6.06) (5.07) (3.92) (12.50) (6.26) (5.02) (5.55) 47 72 46 73 43 76 119 Sometimes (8.90) (12.59) (5.16) (35.10) (9.29) (11.93) (10.82) 51 97 70 78 65 87 148 Rarely (9.66) (16.76) (7.85) (37.50) (13.17) (13.66) (13.45) 381 371 727 25 317 435 752 Never (72.16) (64.86) (81.50) (12.02) (68.47) (68.29) (68.36) 528 572 892 208 463 637 1100 Total (100.00) (100.00) (100.00) (100.00) (100.00) (100.00) (100.00) χ² (Govt.- Aided) : 27.9146 D: TV: 9.488 Sig @ 0.05 Level χ² (UG – PG) : 393.0713 D: TV: 9.488 Sig @ 0.05 Level χ² (Arts – Science) : 6.8296 D: TV: 9.488 Sig @ 0.05 Level Level of usage Table shows that majority of the users (68.36%) never used dissertations/ project reports; 13.45 percent used rarely; 10.82 percent used sometimes; 5.55 percent used often; and the remaining 1.82 percent used always Based on χ² values in Table 9, there are significant differences between the users of government and aided colleges; undergraduate and postgraduate students; and arts and science students in the level of usage of dissertations/project reports It is proved by the chi-square values, which are significant at the 0.05 level with four degrees of freedom This means that government college users used dissertations/project reports more than the users of aided http://www.iaeme.com/IJM/index.asp 216 editor@iaeme.com Dr M Doraswamy and V Appalaswami Naidu colleges, while postgraduate students used dissertations/project reports more than the undergraduate students Also, arts students used the dissertations/project reports better than the science students 6.10 Ranking of Colleges Vs Usage Level of Dissertations/Project Reports The ranking of colleges in terms of the usage level of dissertations/project reports is shown in Table 10 Table 10: Ranking of Colleges as per the usage level of Dissertations/Project Reports S.No Name of the College GDCN AMALC STJCW VWGDC AVNC Dr.VSKGDC Total Weightage 74 104 147 83 89 152 Mean Weightage 1.14 0.70 0.59 0.56 0.51 0.48 Rank As shown in table 10, the users of GDCN used the dissertations/project reports more as compared to other degree college library users and got the first rank It is followed by the library users of AMALC, STJCW, VWGDC, AVNC and Dr.VSKGDC in second, third, fourth, fifth and sixth ranks, respectively 6.11 Old Question Papers The distribution of users according to the usage level of old question papers is shown in Table 11 Table 11: Distribution of users as per the usage level of old question papers Category Programme Discipline Total Govt Aided UG PG Arts Science 24 23 38 09 12 35 Always 47 (4.27) (4.55) (4.02) (4.26) (4.33) (2.59) (5.50) 80 77 118 39 52 105 157 often (15.15) (13.46) (13.23) (18.75) (11.23) (16.48) (14.27) 214 233 361 86 176 271 447 Sometimes (40.53) (40.74) (40.47) (41.35) (38.02) (42.54) (40.64) 94 102 153 43 64 132 196 Rarely (17.80) (17.83) (17.15) (20.67) (13.82) (20.72) (17.82) 116 137 222 31 159 94 253 Never (21.97) (23.95) (24.89) (14.90) (34.34) (14.76) (23.00) 528 572 892 208 463 637 1100 Total (100.00) (100.00) (100.00) (100.00) (100.00) (100.00) (100.00) χ² (Govt.- Aided) : 1.1977 D: TV: 9.488 NS @ 0.05 Level χ² (UG – PG) : 12.1195 D: TV: 9.488 Sig @ 0.05 Level χ² (Arts – Science) : 63.6988 D: TV: 9.488 Sig @ 0.05 Level Level of usage Table 11 shows that 40.64% users used old question papers sometimes; 23.00 percent used never; 17.82 percent used rarely; 14.27 percent used often; and the remaining 4.27 percent used always http://www.iaeme.com/IJM/index.asp 217 editor@iaeme.com Utilization of Print Resources in Degree College Libraries in Visakhapatnam District: An Analytical Study Based on χ² values shown in Table 11, there is no significant difference between the users of government and aided colleges in the level of usage of old question papers It is proved by the chi-square values, which is not significant at the 0.05 level with four degrees of freedom However, there is a significant difference between the undergraduate and postgraduate students in this regard This means that postgraduate students used old question papers more as compared to the undergraduate students It is also evident from Table 11 that there is a significant difference between the arts and science students in the level of usage of old question papers as evidenced by the chi-square value, which is significant at the 0.05 level with four degrees of freedom This means that science students used old question papers more as compared to arts students 6.12 Ranking of Colleges Vs Usage Level of Old Question Papers The ranking of colleges in terms of the usage levels of old question papers is shown in Table 12 Table 12: Ranking of Colleges in terms of the usage levels of Old Question Papers S.No Name of the College Dr.VSKGDC AMALC STJCW VWGDC AVNC GDCN Total Weightage 537 238 400 237 253 84 Mean Weightage 1.70 1.61 1.61 1.60 1.45 1.29 Rank 2 As shown in table 12, the users of Dr VSKGDC used the old question papers more as compared to other degree college library users and got the first rank It is followed by the library users of AMALC, STJCW, VWGDC, AVNC and GDCN in the second, third, fourth, fifth and sixth ranks, respectively 6.13 News Papers The distribution of users according to the usage levels of news papers is shown in Table 13 Table 13: Distribution of users with regard to the usage level of News Papers Category Govt Aided 213 148 Always (40.34 ) (25.88) 173 243 often (32.77) (42.48) 75 89 Sometimes (14.20) (15.56) 34 42 Rarely (6.44) (7.34) 33 50 Never (6.25) (8.74) 528 572 Total (100.00) (100.00) χ² (Govt.- Aided) : 27.2853 χ² (UG – PG) : 16.4134 χ² (Arts – Science) : 34.5534 Level of usage http://www.iaeme.com/IJM/index.asp Programme Discipline Total UG PG Arts Science 314 47 182 179 361 (35.20) (22.59) (39.31) (28.10) (32.82) 328 88 150 266 416 (36.77) (42.31) (32.40) (41.76) (37.82) 125 39 55 109 164 (14.01) (18.75) (11.88) (17.11) (14.91) 55 21 26 50 76 (6.17) (10.10) (5.61) (7.85) (6.91) 70 13 50 33 83 (7.85) (6.25) (10.80) (5.18) (7.55) 892 208 463 637 1100 (100.00) (100.00) (100.00) (100.00) (100.00) D: TV: 9.488 Sig @ 0.05 Level D: TV: 9.488 Sig @ 0.05 Level D: TV: 9.488 Sig @ 0.05 Level 218 editor@iaeme.com Dr M Doraswamy and V Appalaswami Naidu Table 13 shows that 37.82% users used news papers often; 32.82 percent used always; 14.91 percent used sometimes; 7.55 percent used never; and the remaining 6.91 percent used rarely Based on χ² values shown in Table 13, there are significant differences between the users of government and aided colleges; undergraduate and postgraduate students; and arts and science students in the level of usage of news papers It is proved by the chi-square values, which are significant at the 0.05 level with four degrees of freedom This means that government college users used news papers more as compared to the aided college users, while undergraduate students used news papers more as compared to postgraduate students Also, arts students used the news papers more as compared to science students 6.14 Ranking of Colleges Vs Usage Level of Newspapers The ranking of colleges in terms of the usage levels of news papers is shown in Table 14 Table 14: Ranking of colleges in terms of the usage levels of News Papers S.No Name of the College VWGDC GDCN Dr.VSKGDC AVNC AMALC STJCW Total Weightage 441 194 920 504 349 688 Mean Weightage 2.98 2.98 2.92 2.88 2.36 2.76 Rank 1 As shown in table 14, the users of VWGDC used the news papers more as compared to other degree college library users and got the first rank It is followed by the library users of GDCN, Dr VSKGDC, AVNC, AMALC and STJCW in the second, third, fourth, fifth and sixth ranks, respectively CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION It can be concluded from the above mentioned results that the postgraduate students used more number of reference books, competitive books, periodicals/magazines, dissertations/project reports and old question papers as compared to undergraduate students The undergraduate students used more number of news papers as compared to postgraduate students However, no significant difference is noticed between the undergraduate students and post graduate students in the use of text books Arts students are seen using more number of competitive books, dissertations/project reports and newspapers as compared to science students, while science students used more number of reference books, periodicals/magazines and old question papers than arts students But, no significant difference is noticed between the arts and science students in the use of text books The users from Government colleges are seen using more number of periodicals/magazines, dissertations/project reports and newspapers as compared to aided college users In fact, no significant difference is noticed between the users of government and aided colleges in the use of text books, reference books, competitive books and old question papers Hence, it is suggested that the authorities of the surveyed colleges should conduct more orientation programmes for their library users at periodical intervals to promote effective and optimal use of their library resources http://www.iaeme.com/IJM/index.asp 219 editor@iaeme.com Utilization of Print Resources in Degree College Libraries in Visakhapatnam District: An Analytical Study ABBREVIATIONS AMALC : Anakapalli Merchant’s Association Lingamurthy College AVNC : Ankitham Venkata Narasingarao College Dr VSKGDC : Dr Vasireddy Sri Krishna Government Degree College GDCN : Government Degree College, Narsipatnam STJCW : St Josheph’s College for Women VWGDC : Visakha Women Government Degree College Govt : Government PG : Postgraduate UG : Undergradaute REFERENCES [1] Kusuma Kumari, K & Doraswamy, M (2019) Users Perception on Library Printed Resources: A Survey on NAAC Accredited Degree Colleges in Vijayawada City International Journal of Research and Analytical Reviews (IJRAR), 6(2), 592-299 [2] Doraswamy, M (2015) Customer satisfaction of library print resources in autonomous college libraries: A case study of MBA students SRELS Journal of Information Management, 52(3), 213-217 [3] R Sevukan, G Rammiya and V Srinivasan, (2014), Exploring Factors for the Non-Use of Library Resources by Medical Professionals in Selected Medical Libraries in Puducherry, International Journal of Library and Information Science (IJLIS), 3(2), pp 66-75 [4] Sambasiva Rao, T and Doraswamy, M (2014) Faculty responses to the satisfaction of library resources in autonomous engineering college libraries in Krishna Districts, Andhra Pradesh Indian Journal of Information, Library and Society, 27(3-4), 210-220 [5] Doraswamy, M & Kusumakumari, K (2013) Usage of print collection in Dravidian University Library: A case study Professional Journal of Library and Information Studies, 3(1), 31-40 (ISSN 0976-7274) [6] Dr T Venkata Rao, (2019), Scope and Importance of ASME Journals in Mechanical Engineering Research–A Survey Through GMRIT Library Resources, International Journal of Mechanical Engineering and Technology, 10(01), pp 594-599 [7] Doraswamy, M (2012) Information use pattern towards library services and facilities by the faculty members of Siddhartha Educational Institutions, Vijayawada, Andhra Pradesh: a study International Journal of Information Dissemination and Technology, 2(3), 176181 [8] P Sivaraman and C Rajangam, (2017), Perception of Faculty Members on the Library Resources and Services of Selected Arts and Science Government Aided Colleges Affiliated to Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappali – A Survey International Journal of Library & Information Science, 6(6), pp 37–44 http://www.iaeme.com/IJM/index.asp 220 editor@iaeme.com .. .Utilization of Print Resources in Degree College Libraries in Visakhapatnam District: An Analytical Study INTRODUCTION In general, Libraries perform the key task of dissemination of information... than arts students http://www.iaeme.com/IJM/index.asp 215 editor@iaeme.com Utilization of Print Resources in Degree College Libraries in Visakhapatnam District: An Analytical Study 6.8 Ranking... editor@iaeme.com Utilization of Print Resources in Degree College Libraries in Visakhapatnam District: An Analytical Study 6.1 Text books The distribution of users according to the usage level of textbooks