Toàn bộ dang thức của câu bị động trong tiếng anh. III. CÁC TRƯỜNG HỢP ĐẶC BIỆT: 1 Its ones duty to+Vinf > S (ones)+ tobe+ supposed to+Vinf VD: Its your duty to make tea today. >> You are supposed to make tea today. It’s their duty to guard the camp >> They are supposed to guard the camp. 2 Its impossible to+ Vinf > S(O) + cant + be + P2 VD: Its impossible to solve this problem. >> This problem cant be solved. 3 Its necessary to + Vinf > S(O) + should must + be +P2 VD: Its necessary for you to type this letter. >> This letter should must be typed by you. 4 Mệnh lệnh thức + Object >: Object + shouldmust + be +P2. VD: Turn on the lights >> The lights should be turned on. Close the window >>.....
PASSIVE VOICE I Công thức chung S+BE+ P2 II Điều kiện để biến đổi câu từ chủ động thành bị động: - V câu chủ động phải Transitive Verb (Ngoại động từ: đòi hỏi có O theo sau) - Các O (trực tiếp, gián tiếp) phải nêu rõ ràng Quy tắc: Khi biến đổi câu từ chủ động sang bị động ta làm theo bước sau: a Xác định S, V, O V câu chủ động b Lấy O câu chủ động làm S câu bị động Lấy S câu chủ động làm O đặt sau By câu bị động c Biến đổi V câu chủ động thành P2 (Past Participle) câu bị động d Thêm To be vào trước P2 câu bị động (To be phải chia theo thời V câu chủ động chia theo số S câu bị động) Bảng công thức thể bị động: Tense Active Passive Simple Present S + V/Vs/es + O S + am/is/are + P2 + by + O Present Continuous S + am/is/are + V-ing + O S + am/is/are + being + P2 + by + O Present Perfect S + has/have + P2 + O S + has/have + been + P2 + by + O Simple Past S + V-ed + O S + was/were + P2 + by + O Past Continuous S + was/were + V-ing + O S + was/were + being + P2 + by + O Past Perfect S + had + P2 + O S + had + been + P2 + by + O Simple Future S + will/shall + V + O S + will + be + P2 + by + O Future Perfect S + will/shall + have + P2 + O S + will + have + been + P2 + by + O Be + going to S + am/is/are + going to + V + O S + am/is/are + going to + be + P2 + by + O S + model verb + V + O S + model verb + be + P2 + by + O S + modal Verb + have +P2 S + modal Verb + have been +P2 Model Verbs III CÁC TRƯỜNG HỢP ĐẶC BIỆT: 1/ It's ones duty to+Vinf > S (ones)+ tobe+ supposed to+Vinf VD: It's your duty to make tea today >> You are supposed to make tea today -It’s their duty to guard the camp >> They are supposed to guard the camp 2/ It's impossible to+ Vinf > S(O) + can't + be + P2 VD: It's impossible to solve this problem >> This problem can't be solved 3/ It's necessary to + Vinf > S(O) + should/ must + be +P2 VD: It's necessary for you to type this letter >> This letter should/ must be typed by you 4/ Mệnh lệnh thức + Object >: Object + should/must + be +P2 VD: Turn on the lights! >> The lights should be turned on Close the window! >> Bị động cấu trúc “ nhờ làm gì” active Have + O + V + st Get + O + to V + st passive Have + st + P2 Get + st + P2 VD: - I have my father repair my bike >> I have my bike repaired by my father - I get my father to wash my car >> I get my car washed by my father Bị động V sau Ving Các động từ : love, like, dislike, enjoy, fancy, hate, imagine, regret, mind, admit, involve, deny, avoid etc S + V + O+Ving sth=> S + V + sb/st + being + P2 VD: I like you wearing this dress >> I like this dress being worn by you She enjoys your children reading the science books -> Make & let Make : S + make + O+ Vinf > S + am/is/are/was/were + made + to + Vinf VD: They make me make tea >> I am made to make tea Let: S + let + O + Vinf + sth >S + let + sb/sth + be P2 or So + tobe + allowed to Vinf VD: - My parents never let me anything by myself → My parents never let anything be done by myself or I'm never allowed to anything by myself by my parents - They don’t let us beat their dog →They don’t let their dog be beaten or We are not allowed to beat their dog Các động từ tri giác ( Vp: see, watch, notice, hear, look smell, taste, feel, find, catch…) a/ Cấu trúc 1: S + Vp + O + Ving >> S(O) + tobe + P2(of Vp) + Ving (Ai chứng kiến người khác làm thấy phần hành động hành động diễn bị hành động khác xen vào) VD: We saw her overhearing us >> She was seen overhearing us b/ Cấu trúc 2: S + Vp + sb + V>> S + be + P2(of Vp) + to +Vinf (Ai chứng kiến người khác làm từ đầu đến cuối) * NOTE: riêng động từ : feel, find, catch sử dụng công thức Bị động kép a/ Khi main verb thời HIỆN TẠI Công thức: People/they + think/say/suppose/believe/consider/report + that + clause >> Bị động: 1- It's + thought/said/ supposed/believed/considered/reported + that + clause ( clause = S + Vinf + O) 2- Động từ clause để HTDG TLĐ S + am/is/are + thought/ said/supposed + to + Vinf VD: People say that he is a good doctor >> It's said that he is a good doctor He is said to be a good doctor 3- Động từ clause để thời QKD HTHT S + am/is/are + thought/ said/ supposed + to + have + P2 VD: People think he stole my car >> It's thought he stole my car He is thought to have stolen my car b/ Khi main verb thời QUÁ KHỨ Công thức: People/they + thought/said/supposed + that + clause >>Bị động: 1- It was + thought/ said/ supposed + that + clause 2- Động từ clause để QKĐ: S + was/were + thought/ said/ supposed + to + Vinf VD: People said that he is a good doctor >> It was said that he is a good doctor He was said to be a good doctor 3- Đt clause QKHT : S + was/were + thought/ said/ supposed + to + have + P2 VD: They thought he was one of famous singers >> It was thought he was one of famous singers He was thought to be one of famous singers 10 Bị động động từ đặc biệt Các động từ : suggest, require, request, order, demand, insist(on), recommend Công thức: S + suggest/ recommend/ order/ require + that + clause ( clause = S + Vinf + O) It + tobe tương ứng + P2 (of verbs) + that + st + be + P2 ( "be" khơng đổi động từ clause câu chủ động dạng Vinf) VD: He suggested that she buy a new car >> It was suggested that a new car be bought She order that she drink a tea cup >> 11 Bị động chủ ngữ giả “it” Công thức: It + tobe + adj + for O + to V sth >>>>It + tobe + adj + for st + to+ be done VD: It is difficult for me to finish this test in one hour >> It is difficult for this test to be finished in one hour 12 Bị động trường hợp tân ngữ Trong : Oi = Indirect Object Od = Direct Object Công thức: S + V + Oi + Od >>Bị động: 1/ Oi + tobe + P2+ Od 2/ Od + tobe + P2+ to Oi ( riêng động từ " buy" dùng giới từ " for" ) VD: My friend gave me a present on my birthday >> A present was given to me by my friend on my birthday I was given a present on my birthday by my friend 13 S+ urge/ beg/ order/ recommend/ advise + O + to V + sth >>> S+ urge/beg/…+ that + Sth + should be P2 >>> So + tobe P2(urge/ beg…) + to V + sth VD: She advises me to sell the house >> She advises me that the house should be sold >> I am advised to sell the house - They urged the council to reduce the rates >> They urged that the council that the rates should be reduced >> The council was urged to reduced the rates - He recommends me to the jobs >> He recommends me that the jobs should bi done >> I am recommended to the jobs 14 S + Agree, be anxious , arrange, be determined, determine, decide, demand + to V + O >> S + V(agree, be anxious /…) that + S (O) should be P2 (to V) VD: - She decide to be rebuild the kitchen >>> She decide that the kitchen should be rebuilt - They are anxious to repaint the house >> They are anxious that the house should be repainted - They demand to reduce the price of machine >> They demand that the price of machine should be reduced 15 S + recommend, suggest, insist, propose + Vig + sth >>> S + recommend, suggest,…+ that + Sth + should be P2 (Ving) VD: - Students suggest making the test easier >>>> Students suggest that the test should be made easer - He recommend fitting the new types >>> He recommend that the new types should be fitted 16 S + be believe, consider, think, know, find, feel, report, say, understand, rumour + that + Clause ( S+ V + O) >>>>It + tobe + P2 (các đt trên) that + Clause >>> S (Clause) tobe P2(các đt trên) + to V VD: - People say that he is a good doctor >> It is said that he is a good doctor >> He is said to be a good doctor - They think that he was a spy >> It is thought that he was a spy >> he is thought to have been a spy 17 Đối với want need cấu trúc bị động ( S đt bị động) >> sau want & need + Ving/ to be P2 - Your hair need cutting/ to be cut - He want to be taken there by taxi - This knife need sharpening/ to be sharpen 18 begin/ continue/start + to V…>>> S (O) + begin/ continue/ start + to be P2 - We shall continue to use this computer >> This computer will continue to be used - American people begin to love football >> Football begin to be loved by American people 19 Must/ might/ would/ should/ could + have P2 >> must/ might/… + have been P2 - We should have helped them >> They should have been helped by us - He would have found his passport >> His passport would have been found by him 20 Note (-) you didn’t your homework>> Your homework wasn’t done by you + She hasn’t invited me>>> I haven’t been invited by her (?) Do you plant vegetables in your garden?>> Are vegetables plant in your garden? + What did you give him?>>> What was given to him by you? + What you grow in your garden? >>>> What are grown in your garden? Cách phân biệt “ by” “ with” Trong thể bị động ta sử dụng: - by với tác nhân hành động The door was opened by Mr.Black -with với dụng cụ, đồ vật nguyên liệu sử dụng để thể hành động The door was opened with the key III Câu có tân ngữ Ví dụ give somebody something, câu chủ động chuyển sang câu bị động theo cách sau: Cách 1: Sử dụng tân ngữ gián tiếp (O1) câu chủ động làm chủ ngữ câu bị động cách dung phổ biến Cách 2: Sử dụng tân ngữ trực tiếp ( O2) câu chủ động làm chủ ngữ câu bị động EX: Rick gave me this book S V O1 O2 Cách 1: I was given this book by Rick Cách 2: This book was given to me by Rick Note: Một số động từ có tân ngữ như: give, tell, send, show, bring, write, offer, pay…Khi tân ngữ gián tiếp đứng sau chủ ngữ câu bị động, cần có giới từ to phía sau Ex: Ann gave me a cake => A cake was given to me by Ann - Nếu chủ ngữ câu chủ động đại từ nhân xưng ( I, we, she, it…) đại từ bất định ( someone, somebody…) bỏ qua chuyển sang câu bị động Ex: I sent a book to my brother => My brother was sent a book => My brother was sent a book ( by me) ... chủ động chuyển sang câu bị động theo cách sau: Cách 1: Sử dụng tân ngữ gián tiếp (O1) câu chủ động làm chủ ngữ câu bị động cách dung phổ biến Cách 2: Sử dụng tân ngữ trực tiếp ( O2) câu chủ động. .. one hour 12 Bị động trường hợp tân ngữ Trong : Oi = Indirect Object Od = Direct Object Công thức: S + V + Oi + Od > >Bị động: 1/ Oi + tobe + P2+ Od 2/ Od + tobe + P2+ to Oi ( riêng động từ " buy"... thought that he was a spy >> he is thought to have been a spy 17 Đối với want need cấu trúc bị động ( S đt bị động) >> sau want & need + Ving/ to be P2 - Your hair need cutting/ to be cut - He