Advanced microsystems for automotive applications 2010 smart systems for green cars and safe mobility ( TQL )

Advanced Microsystems for Automotive Applications 2010 Gereon Meyer · Jürgen Valldorf Advanced Microsystems for Automotive Applications 2010 Smart Systems for Green Cars and Safe Mobility 123 Dr Gereon Meyer VDI/VDE Innovation + Technik GmbH Steinplatz 10623 Berlin Germany gmeyer@vdivde-it.de Dr Jürgen Valldorf VDI/VDE Innovation + Technik GmbH Steinplatz 10623 Berlin Germany valldorf@vdivde-it.de ISBN 978-3-642-12647-5 e-ISBN 978-3-642-16362-3 DOI 10.1007/978-3-642-16362-3 Springer Heidelberg Dordrecht London New York c 2010 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg This work is subject to copyright All rights are reserved, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilm or in any other way, and storage in data banks Duplication of this publication or parts thereof is permitted only under the provisions of the German Copyright Law of September 9, 1965, in its current version, and permission for use must always be obtained from Springer Violations are liable to prosecution under the German Copyright Law The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, etc in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use Coverdesign: deblik, Berlin Printed on acid-free paper Springer is part of Springer Science+Business Media (www.springer.com) Preface The automobile of the future has to meet two primary requirements: the super-efficient use of energy and power and the ultra-safe transportation of people and goods Both features are increasingly enabled by smart, adaptive and context aware information and communication technologies (ICT), electrical or electronic components and systems rather than solely by the mechanical means of classic automotive engineering The most advanced example of this trend is the electrified vehicle combining a full electric powertrain with completely electronic controls like smart power and energy managers, steerby-wire technologies and intelligent networking capabilities allowing all providers and consumers of energy to work in efficient synergy In the course of this year the first series production electric vehicles will finally come into the market Automakers – unsure if electric vehicles would really sell – have long time been hesitant to make the necessary changes of their product portfolios In the coincidence of economic crisis and growing concerns about global warming and energy security companies and public authorities jointly succeeded to overcome many obstacles on the path towards electrification It has been the mission of the International Forum on Advanced Microsystems for Automotive Applications (AMAA) for more than twelve years now to detect paradigm shifts and to discuss their technological implications at an early stage Previous examples from the fields of active safety, driver assistance, and power train control can be found in many passenger cars today The enabling technologies of the electrified vehicle thus nicely fit into the scope of the conference The heading of the 14th AMAA held in Berlin on 10-11 May 2010 is “Smart Systems for Green Cars and Safe Mobility” Among the co-organizers is the European Technology Platform of Smart Systems Integration (EPoSS), which in cooperation with the European Road Transport Research Advisory Council (ERTRAC) and the SmartGrids platform is now playing a major role in the Public Private Partnership European Green Cars Initiative The book at hand is a collection of papers presented by engineers from leading companies and world-class academic institutions at the AMAA 2010 conference They address ICT, components and systems for electrified vehicles, power train efficiency, road and passenger safety, driver assistance and traffic management Highlights of the contributions include energy management and power train architectures of electrified and optimized conventional vehicles, autonomous collision avoidance, safety at intersections, as well as a number of features of car-to-car and car-to-infrastructure communication applications including the use of Galileo navigation data for traffic management Being typical for the AMAA the presented applications are complimented by recent sensor and actuator developments, e.g active engine management sensors, advanced camera systems, and active vehicle suspensions We would like to thank all authors for making this book an outstanding source of reference for contemporary research and development in the field of ICT, components, and systems for the automobile of the future The time and effort that the members of the AMAA Steering Committee spent on making their assessments are particularly acknowledged We like to thank also the European Commission, EPoSS, and all industrial sponsors for their continuous support of the AMAA In our role as the editors and conference chairs we would like to point out that preparing a book like this is a serious piece of hard work built upon the endurance and enthusiasm of a multitude of great people Our particular thanks goes to Laure Quintin for running the AMAA office as well as to Anita Theel, Michael Strietzel, and David Müssig for technical preparations of the book, and to all other involved colleagues at VDI|VDE-IT We also want to express our deep gratitude to Wolfgang Gessner for his leadership and for continuous support of the AMAA project Berlin, May 2010 Dr Gereon Meyer Dr Jürgen Valldorf Funding Authority European Commission Supporting Organisations European Council for Automotive R&D (EUCAR) European Association of Automotive Suppliers (CLEPA) Advanced Driver Assistance Systems in Europe (ADASE) Zentralverband Elektrotechnik- und Elektronikindustrie e.V (ZVEI) Mikrosystemtechnik Baden-Württemberg e.V Hanser Automotive mst/news enabling MNT Organisers European Technology Platform on Smart Systems Integration (EPoSS) VDI|VDE Innovation + Technik GmbH Honorary Committee Eugenio Razelli President and CEO, Magneti Marelli S.P.A., Italy Rémi Kaiser Director Technology and Quality Delphi Automotive Systems Europe, France Nevio di Giusto President and CEO Fiat Research Center, Italy Karl-Thomas Neumann Executive Vice President E-Traction Volkswagen Group, Germany Steering Committee Mike Babala Serge Boverie Geoff Callow TRW Automotive, Livonia MI, USA Continental AG, Toulouse, France Technical & Engineering Consulting, London, UK Bernhard Fuchsbauer Audi AG, Ingolstadt, Germany Kay Fürstenberg Sick AG, Hamburg, Germany Wolfgang Gessner VDI|VDE-IT, Berlin, Germany Roger Grace Roger Grace Associates, Naples FL, USA Klaus Gresser BMW Forschung und Technik GmbH, Munich, Germany Horst Kornemann Continental AG, Frankfurt am Main, Germany Hannu Laatikainen VTI Technologies Oy, Vantaa, Finland Günter Lugert Siemens AG, Munich, Germany Roland Müller-Fiedler Robert Bosch GmbH, Stuttgart, Germany Paul Mulvanny QinetiQ Ltd., Farnborough, UK Andy Noble Ricardo Consulting Engineers Ltd., Shoreham-by-Sea, UK Pietro Perlo Fiat Research Center, Orbassano, Italy Detlef E Ricken Delphi Delco Electronics Europe GmbH, Rüsselsheim, Germany Christian Rousseau Renault SA, Guyancourt, France Patric Salomon 4M2C, Berlin, Germany Florian Solzbacher University of Utah, Salt Lake City UT, USA Egon Vetter Ceramet Technologies Ltd., Melbourne, Australia David Ward MIRA Ltd., Nuneaton, UK Hans-Christian von der Wense Freescale GmbH, Munich, Germany Conference Chairs: Gereon Meyer Jürgen Valldorf VDI|VDE-IT, Berlin, Germany VDI|VDE-IT, Berlin, Germany 450 Traffic Management Therefore, the use case involves vehicles that are tracked and one fleet management application that uses the collected data to calculate invoices for car rental contracts To collect the raw technical data, a V2B integration platform is used and the data needs to be processed into a BW PCBI platform Typical processing steps include the matching between GNSS position data and GIS map data to determine the type of used roads (as this influences rental costs premium rates) Based on the GNSS data PCBI platform algorithms can also provide key figures such as average speed per road type, road type ratios per rental period, resolved difference in altitude (uphill, downhill), CO2 Emission, fuel consumption estimations, park ticket verification etc During the rental period it is of course possible for the customer at any time to ask the back end system for guidance and statistical information over the rental process such as the before mentioned key figures Also this kind of conversation would be handled over the PCBI platform framework Fig Pay Back Systems in the area of mobility management Source: SAP TechEd 2009, Session BI301 ‘Vision impossible?’ Against the explanations above the following story doesn’t sound that visionary any more: It is the year 2015 A new industry called Mobility Services Industry offers internet based services for fleet management based on state of the art Car-to-X Communication Standards, Telematic and Business Application Platforms for floating car data, the newly available European Galileo GNSS standards and many Business Applications on top of this architecture Galileo GNSS Based Mobility Services I am heading one of 30 Mio private households in Germany with statistically 1.5 cars My household has only one car and I am the manager for this tiny car fleet To optimize the costs for my car fleet I use the ‘FleetMan as a Service’ offering of one of the largest German automotive club The service bundles a chipset that is able to receive the Galileo GNSS signal, the chipset is part of a receiver-recorder that can store the Galileo information, the recorder is a black box in my car similar to flight recorders in planes The Galileo black box of my car is certified so that the data cannot be manipulated by me or anyone else The black box is sending the Galileo information to my individual Galileo Box hosted by my Internet Provider I am the owner of that private Galileo data and I allow my Internet Provider to derive key figures out of that Galileo data pool using appropriate, again certified Galileo Applications (Analytical Transformation Services) Such a key figure set could look like this: Rainer Uhle drove 6.000 km on European roads during the last months with a maximum speed of only 130 km/h Such a service represents a huge semantic: It reflects my way of mobility behavior, it proves my environmental engagement (most people use to drive much faster in Germany, blowing out much more CO2 than I do), and finally it shows my style and personality In former days my friends laughed at me for my environmental engagement that very often brought me disadvantages But nowadays the advantage is on my side, because I can sell this information to parties like my car insurance or the German government (Bundesverkehrsministerium) My car insurance agent puts this personal key figure into his Risk Management Modules and will find my crash risk on motorways reduced by 40% He will offer me a 10% reduction of my car insurance fee and he will take the rest of the money to increase his margin If the insurance contract is related to the car everything works already If an authentication of the Galileo signal to a person is needed my car would need a fingerprint scanner in the steering wheel and an iris scanner in the rear-view mirror etc All this is available on the market for me if I need it And my car insurance agent will ask me another important question: ‘On which GNSS standard is your car black box working, we only accept the Galileo standard.’ Galileo is outstanding, the key differentiator is the legislation and the compliance that comes with the signal and all service layers built on top of it Therefore Galileo has become European standard for GNSS tracking due to the acknowledged legislation behind that is widely accepted over all Industries and Businesses My Internet Provider is offering a steadily growing key figure catalogue for me, which helps me to dive into a wide range of Business Scenarios offering numerous Pay Back options to me I not pay taxes for my car and the fuel any more I only pay a road toll based on the kilometers I drive and which road categories I use at which time I have chosen for this option because this pricing model brings additional benefits for me compared to the classical one based on taxes per engine volume and fuel consumption It is a kind of a Galileo based Pay Back System I am getting pay back points whenever I drive my car at the 451 452 Traffic Management right time, at the right point, in the right way, or I use the subway instead I can make my own money based on my own data, but only if I am willing to My private data is hosted from an Internet Provider in a trustworthy way I am acting autonomously - I am not an object or a victim in an Orwell scenario I am actively investing in Internet Services that reduce my Total Cost of Ownership (TCO), increase my life quality and help to protect the environment References [1] Miche, M., Bohnert, T M., The Internet of Vehicles or the Second Generation of Telematic Services, ERCIM News, 2009 Rainer Uhle SAP AG Dietmar-Hopp-Allee 16 69190 Walldorf/Baden Germany rainer.uhle@sap.com Keywords: internet of things, internet of services, telematic platforms, mobility services, fleet management, intelligent traffic systems, traffic management, galileo GNSS, broadband wireless access (BWA), business intelligence, process centric business intelligence (PCBI) Appendix A List of Contributors Contributors List of Contributors Agardt Ahrholdt Ambrosino Aubert Aycard Ayeb 233 233 387 199 51 Baig Benito Benz Berns Berny Best Blokpoel Bota Bouchaud Bouroche Bouteiller Brabetz 199 79 411 165 325 311 399 253 357 367 61 51 Cahill Cañibano Cartolano Cataldi Cheli Conradi Corti 367 79 399 399 29, 39 61 121 Danescu De Locht De Luca De Prada Diasparra Dietmayer Dixon Drulea 253 145 121 79 325 433 357 253 Eymann Fadlallah Frosini 89 325 387 455 456 Contributors Gackstatter Gall Gallego Ganslmeier Gehrels Giesler Gini Glascott-Jones Golban Gonzalez Granelli Grubb Grzeszczyk Günthner Haller Heinemann Henckel Herrmann Hertel Humphrey John 133 21 377 165 387 325 253 79, 399 177 233 347 279 253 133 189 241 145 165 Kernchen Kerr-Munslow Killat Kirschfink Klinker Knaup Kogler Kolbe Konrad Krajzewicz Kubinger Kuntz Kutila 411 325 411 387 133 241 155 279 433 399 155 325 265 Lamprecht Larrodé Lazaro Le Leguay 377 21 399 297 399 Contributors Leman Lin Lindner Litzenberger 13 399 211 155 Malvicino Maneros Manzoni Mapelli Marinescu Marita Marker Masson Mattern Meinecke Melbert Merkisz Montanari 109 399 121 29, 39 367 253 69 325 211 241 337 347 177 Nedevschi Nerling Nguyen Niestroj 253 189 297 337 Obojski Oniga Osajda Ottella 241 253 289 Pantilie Perlo Pieve Pinconcely Pisonero Pyykönen 253 177 325 79 265 Richter Roehder Roessler Romo Rondinone Rössler 211, 411 165 223 79 399 265 457 458 Contributors Salvi Sánchez Sandweg Savaresi Schindler Schmid Schoen Schoitsch Schubert Schünemann Schüppel Singh Slama Soh Spadoni Sulzbachner Szczot Tarsitano Tatat Tellmann Terenziani Tewes Thomas Tuplin 325 21 423 121 69 279 387 155 211 411 69 297 101 297 177 155 433 29, 39 325 51 177 189 133 311 Uhle 443 Vermesan Viganò Vikas Vu 39 89 199 Waldowski Wang Wanielik Weis Westhoff Yliaho 69 51, 311 211 423 223 265 Appendix B List of Keywords Keywords List of Keywords voltage power net 32 bit processor 6D vision 99 335 264 active and passive safety active vehicle suspension ADAS advanced driver assistance systems angle measurement automotive architecture automotive colour night vision automotive safety 175 323 210, 363 219 335 363 154 175 battery monitoring BHLS bio-sensors broadband wireless access (BWA) business intelligence business model integration 86 398 164 452 452 68 camera car pooling car rental car sharing car-to-car communication chassis & safety applications classification clothoids collision avoidance communication co-modality computer vision cooling fan cooperative driver assistance systems cooperative systems cooperative traffic CORDIC corridors crash test crash test simulation 275 68 68 68 432 295 264 143 175 421 68 198 20 232 421 275 335 346 346 461 462 Keywords data fusion data logging system digital map driver assistance driver assistant functions driver in the loop driving cycle driving-style dynamic routing 129, 219, 275 78 442 68, 143, 154, 251, 432, 442 198 386 20, 78 129 432 E/E architecture eCall eco navigation ECU electric vehicle electrical vehicle architecture elevation maps embedded embedded systems encryption energetic model energy control strategy energy efficiency engine management sensors environment environment model environmental simulation ESC EV 12, 99, 288 356 386 363 12, 28, 78, 86, 60 264 164 12 309 49 49 28, 60 108 421 251 386 363 68 field oriented control fleet management framework fuel economy fuel pump full electric vehicle function functional safety 38 68, 452 68 129 20 38 251 295 galileo GNSS giant magnetoresistance GMR sensor GPS logger GPS travel data 452 108 108 78 78 Keywords green car guaranteed arrival times 68, 86 376 hardware in the loop heavy goods vehicle holistic top-down approach HVAC blower hybrid electric vehicle hybrid vehicle 356, 386 240 99 20 363 28 ice IcOR image processing IMU inertial measurement system information system intelligent traffic systems internet of services internet of things INTERSAFE-2 intersection intersection safety intra-vehicle network inverter efficiency inverter losses ISO26262 275 275 219 346 346 188 452 452 452 240, 251 251, 264, 275 232, 240 309 38 38 295 Kalman filter 143 lane detection lane model laser scanner LDM linear actuator linear motor localization 264 143 275, 442 275 323 323 219 magnetic sensors magneto-resistive sensors matching MEMS microcontroller mobile information systems mobile travel assistance 363 335 442 363 295 68 68 463 464 Keywords mobility services modelling monitoring motion tracking motorcycle multi core multifunctional front camera multi-sensor package 452 356 275 346 188 295 198 363 navigation near-infrared night vision NET-ELAN night vision 188 154 78 154 obstacle detection occupancy grid occupancy map oil pump operating cycle optical flow optimized operating strategies 264 210, 442 264 20 28 264 99 passenger safety pedestrian recognition pedestrian safety perception permanent magnet machines photogrammetry plug-in hybrid electric vehicle plug-in Hybrid HEV PMSM sine wave motor control pollutant emission power steering power train efficiency powermanagement process centric business intelligence (PCBI) public transport priority system public transport 346 154 175 210 323 346 38 49 20 49 20 20, 86, 108 60 452 398 68, 129 rapid prototyping recuperation redundancy rider safety and comfort road and passenger safety 219 60, 99 295 188 154 Keywords road model 143 SAFERIDER safety safety mandates security semi-autonomous driving sensor sensor data fusion sensor fusion sensor node sensor system sensorless BLDC motor control signal processing silicon retina simulation situation assessment situation awareness social mobility network software in the loop space vector modulation stereo vision surrounding field sensors sustainable mobility 188 129, 164, 251 363 309 376 251, 363 143, 210 288, 363 288 288 20 129 164 356, 410, 421 219 175 68 386 38 164, 264 219 86 telematic platforms testing safety systems TPMS tracking traffic traffic lights control traffic management traffic management strategies traffic shaping TU VeLog 452 175 363 219, 264 421 398 188, 410, 432, 452 410 376 78 ultra-capacitor 60 V2V communication vehicle architecture vehicle dynamics vehicle energy management vehicle logging virtual reality 410 28 288 99 78 356 465 466 Keywords virtual slots virtual test drive vulnerable road users 376 386 175 water water pump wireless CAN wireless communication 275 20 309 309 .. .Advanced Microsystems for Automotive Applications 2010 Gereon Meyer · Jürgen Valldorf Advanced Microsystems for Automotive Applications 2010 Smart Systems for Green Cars and Safe Mobility. .. Berlin on 10-11 May 2010 is Smart Systems for Green Cars and Safe Mobility Among the co-organizers is the European Technology Platform of Smart Systems Integration (EPoSS), which in cooperation... been the mission of the International Forum on Advanced Microsystems for Automotive Applications (AMAA) for more than twelve years now to detect paradigm shifts and to discuss their technological