In order to study inbreeding depression for yield and some of its associated characters in bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.em. Thell) over the environments, the present experiment was carried out performing diallel analysis following Griffing (1956) Method II Model I. Ten genetically diverse parents were selected and crossed in half diallel fashion excluding reciprocals.
Int.J.Curr.Microbiol.App.Sci (2018) 7(7): 1986-1993 International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences ISSN: 2319-7706 Volume Number 07 (2018) Journal homepage: http://www.ijcmas.com Original Research Article https://doi.org/10.20546/ijcmas.2018.707.234 Inbreeding Depression Analysis for Yield and Some of its Associated Characters in Late Sown Condition in Bread Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.em Thell) Ritu Choudhary*, Hoshiyar Singh, Chhagan Lal and Darshita Bhat Seed Testing Laboratory, Chittorgarh, (Raj) India *Corresponding author ABSTRACT Keywords Inbreeding ,Depression, Bread wheat, Yield, Late sown Article Info Accepted: 15 June 2018 Available Online: 10 July 2018 In order to study inbreeding depression for yield and some of its associated characters in bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.em Thell) over the environments, the present experiment was carried out performing diallel analysis following Griffing (1956) Method II Model I Ten genetically diverse parents were selected and crossed in half diallel fashion excluding reciprocals These parents were evaluated along with their 45 F 1’s and 45 F2’s in a randomized block design with replications over three environments namely, normal sown (E1), late sown (E2) and very late sown (E3) environments created by using three different dates of sowing In the present experiment significant inbreeding depression was reported for different traits in all the three environments Even though, none of the cross displayed significant inbreeding depression in desired direction for all the characters and in all the environments but HD 2967 X DBW 88 was found as desirable cross combination in E3 environment as it showed desirable (significant negative) inbreeding depression for grain yield per plant and some other traits Introduction Wheat one of the most important food crop and cereal crop remains the third most produced food grain in world a cereal crop There is noteworthy production in the production and productivity of wheat but still it needs much more improvement the yield and quality of wheat as it is a staple good of more than one billion people and still the population is burgeoning The fundamental objective of most of plant breeding programmes remain to increase yield of concerned crop by developing improved varieties through heterotic expression which is expected to decline in F2 generation due to decrease in heterozygosity and referred as inbreeding depression The estimates of heterosis and inbreeding depression together provide information about the type of gene action involved in the expression of various quantitative traits The mating between more closely related individuals is known as inbreeding The closest form of inbreeding is self-fertilization 1986 Int.J.Curr.Microbiol.App.Sci (2018) 7(7): 1986-1993 The genetic effects of inbreeding on crossfertilizing crops are as follows (Falconer, 1981) Homozygosity is increased which results in fixation of genes The recessive deleterious genes come to the surface due to release of hidden genetic variability from heterozygotes These recessives are exposed to natural selection The heterozygosity is reduced rapidly because inbreeding results in elimination of hybrids from a population and replaces them with pure types Thus, inbreeding leads to purity of types The populations mean is reduced due to decrease in the number of hybrid genotypes, which have more number of dominant genes Genetic correlation increases between close relatives due to increase in the prepotency, which increases with homozygosity The variability, which is hidden in heterozygote, is made free through inbreeding Thus, the total variability is increased without selection With selection the variability is reduced towards the direction of selection The inbreeding depression refers to decrease in fitness and vigour due to inbreeding The degree of inbreeding is measured by the inbreeding coefficient Inbreeding depression results are due to fixation of unfavorable recessive genes in F2, while in case of heterosis the unfavorable recessive genes of one line or parent are covered by favorable dominant genes of other parent The fixation of all favorable dominant genes in one homozygous line is impossible due to linkage between some unfavorable recessive and favorable dominant genes In the present study Inbreeding depression is studied and analysis under three environments viz normal Late and very late sown conditions which are indicated as E1, E2 and E3 respectively Materials and Methods On the basis of genetic diversity and their stability for different yield traits, ten diverse wheat varieties selected as the experimental material and crossed in diallel mating fashion excluding reciprocals to obtain 45 F1s in rabi 2014-2015 In Rabi 2015-16 ten genotypes along with their 45 F1’s and 45 F2’s (obtained at IARI, regional station, Wellington, TN during kharif 2015) progenies were evaluated using Randomized Block in replications over three environments created by three different dates of sowing viz 15 Nov., Dec and 25 Dec at Agricultural Research Farm of RARI, Durgapura Observations were recorded on days to heading (Days), days to maturity (Days), grain filling period (Days), plant height (cm.), flag leaf area (cm2), number of tillers per plant, spike length (cm), number of grains per spike, 1000-seed weight (g), harvest index (%) and grain yield/plant (g) Mean values over selected plants were used for statistical analysis.The mean values of different F1s and F2s for all characters were subjected for analysis of inbreeding depression as per cent increase or decrease in the mean value of F2 over F1 Results and Discussion The heterotic expression normally decreases in F2 generation as the dominance or dominance interaction effects dissipate in this generation due to reduced heterozygosity, resulting into inbreeding depression In present experiment, significant inbreeding depression was reported for different traits in all the three environments 1987 Int.J.Curr.Microbiol.App.Sci (2018) 7(7): 1986-1993 Table.1.1 Estimates of inbreeding depression P1XP2 P1XP3 P1XP4 P1XP5 P1XP6 P1XP7 P1XP8 P1XP9 P1XP10 P2XP3 P2XP4 P2XP5 P2XP6 P2XP7 P2XP8 P2XP9 P2XP10 P3XP4 P3XP5 P3XP6 P3XP7 P3XP8 P3XP9 P3XP10 P4XP5 P4XP6 P4XP7 P4XP8 P4XP9 P4XP10 P5XP6 P5XP7 P5XP8 P5XP9 P5XP10 P6XP7 P6XP8 P6XP9 P6XP10 P7XP8 P7XP9 P7XP10 P8XP9 P8XP10 P9XP10 Average Days to Heading E1 Days to Heading E2 Days to Heading E3 Days to Maturity E1 Days to Maturity E2 Days to Maturity E3 -2.331* -0.962 -1.095 1.350 3.084** 1.396 4.000 -0.457 0.826 2.548* -1.608 -0.541 0.172 2.416* -0.463 0.573 0.000 -0.728 0.701 1.900 1.429 -0.236 0.420 0.126 1.809 0.299 -1.571 0.794 0.823 1.317 -0.261 -0.704 0.885 0.919 1.377 1.396 -1.667 -1.293 -0.661 -1.708 -0.008 -1.716 -0.400 -0.707 0.172 0.251 2.990* 3.856* 2.724* 3.505* 2.288** 2.451 3.197* 2.851 1.871* 2.570 3.962* 2.603*** 2.767* 3.548 2.642 2.857 3.996** 2.510 3.225 2.347 3.302 3.318* 3.391* 2.780 2.724 2.161 2.439 2.315 3.070 2.729 2.666 3.330 2.315 4.245 5.508*** 7.583** 9.019** -7.263** 3.982 1.990 3.389 5.136* 2.279 2.358 2.290 3.032*** 1.987 0.852 2.243 1.658 1.429 1.105 -0.067 2.281 2.138 1.657 0.751 2.139 1.596 1.563 1.992* 3.191* 1.524 0.541 2.131 2.094 1.613 2.122* 3.134** 2.162* 0.992 1.093 1.130 1.483 2.247 0.939 0.532 1.124 1.656 1.648 1.053 2.775 1.070 1.413 1.905 2.968 1.124 2.377 1.657 2.551 1.124 1.666*** -0.763 -1.305 0.055 -0.524 -1.240 -1.378 1.416 0.545 0.254 -0.992 -0.775 -0.182 1.326 1.818 -0.353 -0.771 -0.088 -0.512 0.508 0.850 -1.238 -1.028 -0.126 -4.810** -1.235 -0.838 0.787 -0.942 -0.773 -1.064 0.549 0.552 -0.811 -0.220 1.429 0.000 -0.257 -1.282 0.251 -1.676 0.741 -1.667 0.249 -0.826 -1.312 -0.400 -1.246 -0.901 -1.223 -1.488 -1.282 -1.250 -1.266 1.458 -0.307 -0.904 1.994 2.609 0.619 0.197 2.849 -1.112 6.497** 0.306 3.768 2.128 0.000 -0.909 1.739 0.000 3.395** -0.901 -1.307 0.912 -0.901 2.586 3.254 -0.331 -0.926 -1.603 6.079* -1.235 -1.526 -0.612 2.286 -0.965 0.872 -0.664 0.301 -0.619 2.882 0.569 -0.719 -1.071 -1.460 -1.060 -1.852 -1.873 -1.449 -1.418 -0.719 -0.364 -0.362 -2.290 -1.838 -1.128 -1.103 -1.083 -1.465 -1.792 -1.413 -1.449 -1.852 -2.281 -2.273 -2.239 -0.692 -1.034 1.767 -0.730 -1.429 -0.348 -1.370* -1.730 -0.690 -1.053 -0.678 -1.370 -1.014 -1.003 -0.304 -0.699 -1.481 -1.429 -1.056 -1.515 -1.465 -1.186* 1988 Grain Filling Period E1 0.927 2.243 -1.442 2.969 0.120 2.005 0.701 2.702 -2.179 -0.306 1.726 -2.547 0.899 3.220 3.500 -0.879 3.842 3.408 4.321 -0.736 2.342 0.178 4.648* -0.494 2.158 3.593 1.338 -4.430 3.130 3.017 4.552 -1.183 5.969* 3.395 2.050 1.205 0.401 9.818* -8.004* 17.813** 9.411 0.784 4.488 3.119 -2.458 2.078 Grain Filling Period E2 Grain Filling Period E3 -6.161 -6.738 -7.959** -9.650** -7.388 -5.621* -7.609 -7.822** -9.484 -5.583* -6.167 -5.379 -6.982* -6.660 -4.949 -2.802 -5.445 -7.889 -5.860 -5.323* -10.406** -6.113* -7.692* -7.005* -5.670 -7.571** -9.353 -5.068 -3.487 -7.538 -7.053 -7.662** -6.927** -9.255** -11.452** -0.471 -7.020 -5.065 -7.535* -11.110** -5.149 -4.208 -6.765 -8.397 -6.596* -6.715*** -26.583** 23.428** -60.290*** -19.378** -11.658* -38.045*** -8.366 1.042 -25.908*** -50.032*** -47.209*** -39.516*** -45.004** -0.307 -33.201*** -12.006 1.809 18.692** 3.596 -5.892 -2.679 1.364 -2.714 -11.901 15.862** -80.092*** -67.012*** -15.338 -37.281*** -62.695*** -71.734*** -8.501 -11.317** -46.530*** -40.261*** -45.740*** 2.557 -46.316** -43.158** -3.326 -13.444** -23.001** -40.173** -26.707** -28.185*** -19.955*** Int.J.Curr.Microbiol.App.Sci (2018) 7(7): 1986-1993 Table.2 Estimates of inbreeding depression Plant Height cm E1 P1XP2 P1XP3 P1XP4 P1XP5 P1XP6 P1XP7 P1XP8 P1XP9 P1XP10 P2XP3 P2XP4 P2XP5 P2XP6 P2XP7 P2XP8 P2XP9 P2XP10 P3XP4 P3XP5 P3XP6 P3XP7 P3XP8 P3XP9 P3XP10 P4XP5 P4XP6 P4XP7 P4XP8 P4XP9 P4XP10 P5XP6 P5XP7 P5XP8 P5XP9 P5XP10 P6XP7 P6XP8 P6XP9 P6XP10 P7XP8 P7XP9 P7XP10 P8XP9 P8XP10 P9XP10 Average 2.158 -1.534 -0.676 -1.093 -0.313 -1.240 1.046 3.368* -1.417 6.490 5.002** 3.948 -1.426 -5.376*** 8.172*** 3.266* -11.358* -1.587 -12.207*** 6.241*** -1.698 1.116 -0.218 1.905 -0.080 2.148 0.133 -1.250 2.926 0.830 1.919 -0.806 1.924 10.432** -10.161*** -1.435 2.985** 0.537 2.653* 2.188* 3.975* 5.426** 2.660* 4.593* 1.117 0.909 Plant Height cm E2 -1.176 -1.008 -1.772 -2.518 -0.658 -0.809 -2.308 -1.328 -1.219 -1.379 -15.641** -3.115 -2.253 -3.529** -1.849 -1.011 -1.001 -0.977 -1.310 -1.447 -0.764 -1.279 -0.816 -1.419 -1.071 -1.093 -1.081 -2.720 -1.330 -1.911 -0.697 -0.606 -1.492 -0.832 -2.226 -2.074 -1.698 -0.447 -0.287 -2.000 -0.293 -1.327 -0.972 -1.119 -1.492 -1.706* Plant Height cm E3 2.101* 0.608 -1.366 3.496* 3.646* -1.587 1.112 -1.159 -2.114 0.638 1.558 0.959 -0.210 -3.550 1.200 -1.681 -4.580 -1.139 -0.725 0.949 -1.673 1.139 1.244 1.392 1.326 -0.050 1.375 0.803 1.078 1.926 1.061 1.983 0.789 -3.248 -0.995 -2.133 -0.412 -0.461 -9.301 2.997 -0.815 4.102 0.077 -1.393 1.052 0.099 Flag Leaf Area cm² E1 7.540 5.849 13.834 11.292 13.766** 11.300 24.968*** 20.352* 14.356 20.424 17.286 13.945 9.904** 6.756 17.881 19.253** 6.502 6.218 8.217 27.332*** 13.697 21.365 26.019** 5.449 -1.791 31.773*** 22.235* 4.814 -5.815 -3.110 26.877*** 33.148* 35.971** 31.209*** 6.275 15.784 7.000 12.136 1.729 27.691* 9.142 34.177** 8.447 28.698*** -15.624* 16.627*** 1989 Flag Leaf Area cm² E2 4.352 1.744 -2.959 5.509 0.000 3.258 4.555 1.752 3.865 5.265 1.940 16.357 3.470 -6.125 4.522 5.525 2.528 5.699 4.678 3.705 3.449 3.696 1.957 18.032 2.506 12.504 6.099 3.696 5.525 5.740 3.292 2.006 1.123 11.376 6.242 3.348 2.482 7.067 -4.602 2.390 7.838 2.805 8.046 3.462 6.210 4.256* Flag Leaf Area cm² E3 8.083 7.485 10.551 8.667 9.706 -2.130 10.521 10.194 1.390 -9.583 1.931 10.563 8.073 -41.077 5.306 -12.876 7.884 14.776 -9.880 -24.904 8.824 8.112 9.028 2.636 15.219 9.107 10.572 5.496 5.523 -10.664 -18.535 6.985 -3.477 2.282 -2.674 -18.569 -8.576 -12.407 -14.912 10.256 7.892 13.680 10.302 10.465* 10.156 2.649 Tillers/ Plant E1 Tillers/ Plant E2 Tillers/ Plant E3 14.286 18.875 50.000 3.138 12.500 18.182 8.333 -28.571 -24.388 -12.500 10.048 24.471 8.056 -12.500 7.619 16.000 9.167 26.435 -16.667 -37.619* -13.636 4.167 25.000 -7.066 11.111 8.333 -12.676 -2.857 9.524 0.111 0.000 0.000 9.091 0.000 13.995 -15.789 16.667 10.000 14.729 7.407 8.696 -23.333 21.466 12.500 16.123 4.573 6.129 16.780 13.913 5.950 14.702 20.524 25.208 15.067 14.610* 24.806 16.747 21.585 27.654 22.321 13.255 7.612 23.993 11.614 14.556 17.232 24.027 10.636 18.280 20.788 21.504 9.097 15.939 19.786 17.097 19.908 15.476 18.034 20.755 15.647 28.054 16.760 5.751 11.436 18.636 17.032 16.803 8.059 29.466** 18.919 22.910 17.115** * 14.170 7.909 29.923 7.742 -14.870 24.675 18.153 -1.732 30.720 48.987* 12.309 24.620 0.645 22.374 24.348 25.112 29.235 7.720 -27.778 12.425 15.625 29.140 1.201 8.007 -4.407 28.314 27.803 9.082 -19.134 13.713 -10.819 17.619 32.807 26.667* 0.486 2.130 21.442 -6.803 -2.644 29.243 20.695 0.731 -2.002 30.901* -2.136 13.906* ** Int.J.Curr.Microbiol.App.Sci (2018) 7(7): 1986-1993 Table.3 Estimates of inbreeding depression Spike Length E1 Spike Length E2 Spike Length E3 Grains/ Spike E1 Grains/ Spike E2 Grains/ Spike E3 P1XP2 P1XP3 P1XP4 P1XP5 P1XP6 P1XP7 P1XP8 P1XP9 P1XP10 -6.733 -21.846** -19.412 -5.640 -2.873 -2.083 -13.932* -28.390 -37.309** 16.686 21.891 12.519 19.243** 6.732 15.968 19.524* 13.921 4.488 -21.949* -19.501 -8.767 18.400 4.268 6.859 -0.811 -9.971 4.744 5.100 1.480 1.722 2.941 2.795* 5.729 36.808*** -11.331** -8.159* 2.918 1.607 2.568 -1.994 1.714 2.554 1.598 2.382 -8.681** P2XP3 P2XP4 P2XP5 P2XP6 P2XP7 P2XP8 P2XP9 P2XP10 P3XP4 P3XP5 P3XP6 P3XP7 P3XP8 P3XP9 P3XP10 P4XP5 P4XP6 P4XP7 P4XP8 P4XP9 P4XP10 P5XP6 P5XP7 P5XP8 P5XP9 P5XP10 P6XP7 P6XP8 P6XP9 P6XP10 P7XP8 P7XP9 P7XP10 P8XP9 P8XP10 P9XP10 Average -14.950 -8.811 -27.702 -28.079* -7.447 -31.011 -4.781 -12.349 -4.647 1.509 -14.867 -17.713 -7.632 1.464 -34.179* -15.793 10.617 2.865 2.349 -21.450** -47.558*** -15.920* -16.183* -25.321* -17.679 -9.804 -11.547 11.398 -9.656 -7.887 -24.727* 13.282 3.670 -48.992** -6.554 -21.177* -13.015*** 20.288* 9.748 12.056 2.837 7.309 -4.813 14.896 10.509 2.856 6.592 15.042 15.816* 7.309 13.067 0.102 10.842* -2.443 7.731 6.267 23.830** 14.530 14.244 3.363 20.897* 13.882 10.506 6.454 18.070* 32.410* 21.300* 2.990 14.262 -9.234 11.368* 16.147 28.201* 12.037*** 15.671 21.420** 3.477 0.187 11.830 13.060 9.955 28.350* -3.374 -5.754 -7.598* 14.368 6.265 13.723 -14.587 -6.996 10.797 7.145 12.613 8.798 10.919* 11.271 10.113 23.830** 20.650 12.049 33.212** 23.408* 21.252** -31.840* 76.100*** 28.045 10.673* 15.776 6.220 21.858 10.013*** 0.041 -4.826 3.872** 3.667 11.440 0.208 -1.459 -4.786 19.658*** 0.033 2.121 3.472 1.750 2.150 1.935 3.842 3.605* 3.332 1.787 1.998 2.088 2.277 1.861 1.840 1.431 8.777** 1.750 3.960* 3.391 3.491 2.080 3.708 2.207 1.763 1.385 2.137 3.178* 1.476 3.042 2.385 2.134 2.090 3.241 1.545 -2.625 0.962 6.719 1.480 0.650 2.980 2.708 1.408 2.130 2.472 2.189 1.577 3.519 3.841 1.729 -5.542** 2.516 2.798 -32.614*** 3.038 3.253 19.469** 2.408 -1.930 3.637 0.620 3.584 1.503 2.524 1.332 1990 -13.777 -20.083* -9.479 -9.255 -12.405 -18.894* -7.713 -11.270** -10.524 1000-grain Weight (g) E1 2.030 1.736 4.535 1.402 -0.094 2.813 2.268 5.391 4.656 1000-grain Weight (g) E2 7.383 4.909 6.484 5.979 7.189 7.745 7.007* 8.384* 8.342 1000-grain Weight (g) E3 16.086** 22.558** 19.922** 18.431* 16.424* 14.387 10.311* 15.049** 17.398** -9.803 -8.296 -19.628** -8.912* -23.221** -8.347 -7.561 -18.946*** -5.962 -10.034* -5.519 -11.316* -9.880* -11.450 -10.687** -6.130 -9.286 -9.351 -9.138*** -11.031* -12.092* -8.190* -5.024 -8.682* -8.488* -16.622* -10.901* -5.493 -10.699** -17.038** -10.720** -8.574* -7.186 -10.658** -8.402 -5.540 -10.217*** 5.688 2.440 5.167* 3.547 7.941 -8.011 7.421 3.436 7.582 0.640 4.429* 1.991 1.458 -2.076 1.894 5.811 8.339*** 1.048 1.796 3.225 2.167 3.986 2.552 4.647 4.097 1.024 7.230 3.757 0.909 3.169 2.645 6.506 2.180 2.320 3.505 2.319 3.181 8.372 9.998 8.719 7.872 8.448 5.946 8.488 9.921 8.924 7.128* 8.587* 10.360 9.303 6.444 9.222 5.607 7.201 6.039 3.966 8.945 8.617 2.580 4.639 8.762* 3.459 9.598* 4.866 5.421 7.764*** 6.379* 6.527 8.227* 8.331* 12.499 6.545* 8.266 7.391 18.780** 18.298 10.901 17.295 22.991*** 15.406* 20.158* 15.321* 21.916* 15.431 16.321* 21.568* 21.179* 16.011** 25.023** 12.225** 18.190** 15.769* 17.163 18.061* 17.832 25.689** 18.972** 12.643 21.345** 21.033* 19.159 18.412 16.346 24.097* 22.545** 20.428** 16.577* 17.886* 14.090** 17.556** 17.957*** Int.J.Curr.Microbiol.App.Sci (2018) 7(7): 1986-1993 Table.4 Estimates of inbreeding depression P1XP2 P1XP3 P1XP4 P1XP5 P1XP6 P1XP7 P1XP8 P1XP9 P1XP10 P2XP3 P2XP4 P2XP5 P2XP6 P2XP7 P2XP8 P2XP9 P2XP10 P3XP4 P3XP5 P3XP6 P3XP7 P3XP8 P3XP9 P3XP10 P4XP5 P4XP6 P4XP7 P4XP8 P4XP9 P4XP10 P5XP6 P5XP7 P5XP8 P5XP9 P5XP10 P6XP7 P6XP8 P6XP9 P6XP10 P7XP8 P7XP9 P7XP10 P8XP9 P8XP10 P9XP10 Average Harvest Index (%) E1 Harvest Index (%) E2 Harvest Index (%) E3 1.340 2.230 -4.229 5.271 3.994 0.849 5.754 5.189 3.151 -0.422 4.308 -3.397 -3.814 1.947 -1.658 0.094 9.401 0.879 4.789 7.115 -4.343 9.681 6.735 -1.196 -6.501 3.964 1.664 -4.163 5.816 11.772* 5.550 5.386 8.845** 8.042* 3.623 3.742 1.500 5.092 8.035 3.966 -0.740 7.639 -5.438 3.055 3.540 3.175 3.168 3.120 2.055 1.549 3.067 12.906 2.266 7.861 8.275 3.616 4.489 9.599 7.343 9.040 4.793 21.385** -3.962 23.767** -20.958* 26.315** -1.841 4.920 3.755 -3.249 -4.656 27.338*** 7.450 -15.907* -14.050 9.392 1.549 15.453** -11.261* 15.126** 0.273 8.259 1.544 17.733** -13.836 34.541** -27.234* 7.444 -11.047* 10.022* 2.601 4.847*** -7.945 -6.937 -10.056 -6.888 -7.713 -8.608 -4.317 -12.067* -8.715* -11.445 -10.839* -11.571 -7.808 -11.466 -9.037 -11.899 -11.954 -6.989 -8.226* -14.448 -12.233* -10.087 -9.435 -10.202* -8.455 -0.069 -12.890* -11.788* -8.973 -10.309* -10.704* -11.860* -17.996* -10.272 -9.086 -10.465 -3.695 -8.223 -6.613* -4.532 -14.127** -16.321 -9.722 -11.511* -15.499* -9.924*** 1991 Grain Yield/ Plant (g) E1 -0.222 5.994 7.097 1.944 8.154 4.639 3.052 -1.637 -7.004 17.026* 9.540 2.840 12.150 10.020 -4.045 14.875 -1.704 9.944 12.446 3.371 -5.029 -3.607 5.959 -0.737 3.509 2.859 4.176 8.919 5.017 6.229 5.198 -0.632 4.969 4.744 0.441 0.000 10.920 6.623 9.998 2.094 8.511 8.633 -0.559 -2.837 -3.023 4.243* Grain Yield/ Plant (g) E2 10.13 22.07** -7.4 13.85 13.83* 13.8 18.34** 30.59** 23.09** 22.67** 14.55 21.17* 22.88** 20.44* 13.96 28.27** 14.86 20.62** 18.13 13.12 17.12* 20.93** 30.93** 24.21** 14.94 14.35* 7.3 11.17 19.1* 15.7 24.79** 3.73 29.26** 17.49** 11.79 18.15* 16.46 18.34* 16.1 9.72 17.82* 5.97 11.49 9.97 20.99** 17.978*** Grain Yield/ Plant (g) E3 8.634 3.102 -14.309 10.711 10.021 5.606 16.780 16.377 14.457** 22.737 17.089* 14.313 20.707 26.320* 18.239* 17.815 14.032 12.312 17.648** 13.624 22.134* 17.697 16.424 16.754 22.942 18.374 14.300 11.164 10.532 5.432 12.495 15.199 16.388* 15.357* 28.010* 18.599 22.946 17.441 -25.012* 47.290** -8.964 18.600* 18.387 18.199 19.118* 14.967*** Int.J.Curr.Microbiol.App.Sci (2018) 7(7): 1986-1993 Each cross exhibited significant inbreeding depression for at least one or more traits in one or more traits, however none of the cross exhibited consistency for each character over each environment For example the cross Raj 3765 X HD 2967 for days to heading in E1 and E2 environments and plant height in E3 environment showed desirable significant inbreeding depression but in other cases it showed inbreeding depression either in desirable direction but non-significant or in undesirable direction Cross Raj 3765 X DBW 621-50 for days to heading in E2 environment, plant height in E3 environment and spike length in E3 environment showed desirable significant inbreeding depression but in other cases it also showed inbreeding depression either in desirable direction but non-significant or in undesirable direction The same pattern was displayed by other crosses also for exhibition of inbreeding depression Such results were also reported for different crosses and characters However the cross HD 2967 X DBW 88 displyed desirable (significant negative) inbreeding depression for grain yield per plant and some other traits viz spike length (cm) and number of grains per spike Similar findings were also reported by Sharma and Menon (1996), Joshi et al (2003b), Prakash Ved and Joshi (2003), Singh et al (2004), Singh et al., (2012), Kumar and Kerkhi (2014), Kumar et al., (2015), Bhardwaj (2017) and Yadav 2017) The negative inbreeding depression may result from the advantage of population buffering, which may occur in F2 generation due to the segregation of genes or sometimes because of formation of superior gene combinations, such a situation is valuable in conventional breeding programme References Anonymous, 2015 Population growth (annual %) World Bank Retrieved 20 January 2015 Bhardwaj, R Genetic Studies for Yield and its Contributing Attributes in Bread Wheat (Triticum aestivum L em Thell) Over Environments Thesis (Unpub.) submitted to S K N A U Jobner Falconer, D.S 1981 Introduction to quantitative genetics, 2nd ed Longman, New York Grafius, J.E 1959 Heterosis in barley Agron J., 51 (9): 551-554 Grifing, B 1956 Concept of general and specific combining ability in relation to diallel crossing system Aust J Biol Sci., (4): 463-493 Joshi, S.K., Sharma, S.N., Singhania, D.L and Sain, R.S 2003b Hybrid vigour over environments in a ten parent diallel cross in common wheat SABRAO J Br Genet., 35: 81-91 Kumar, A.; Harshwardhan; Kumar, A and Prasad, B (2015) Heterotic performance of diallel F1 crosses over parents for yield and its contributing traits in bread wheat J Hill Agri., (1): 237-245 Kumar, D and Kerkhi, S.A 2014 Heterosis studies for yield component traits and quality in spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) Supplement Genet and Pl Br., (4): 1725-1731 Prakash, V and Joshi, P 2003 Genetics of metric traits in spring wheat under normal and late sown environments Crop Improv., 30 : 177-187 Singh, H.; Sharma, S.N and Sain, R.S 2004 Heterosis studies for yield and its components in bread wheat over environments Hereditas 141: 106114 Singh, V.; Krishna, R.; Singh, S and Vikram, P 2012 Combining ability and heterosis analysis for yield traits in bread wheat (T aestivum L.).Indian J Agric Sci., 82: 11 1992 Int.J.Curr.Microbiol.App.Sci (2018) 7(7): 1986-1993 Sharma, S.N and Menon, U 1996 Heterosis over environments in bread wheat Crop Improv., 23: 225-228 Yadav, J 2017 Genetic architecture of yield and its associated traits in bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L em Thell.) over environments Thesis (Unpub.) submitted to S K N A U Jobner How to cite this article: Ritu Choudhary, Hoshiyar Singh, Chhagan Lal and Darshita Bhat 2018 Inbreeding Depression Analysis for Yield and Some of Its Associated Characters in Late Sown Condition in Bread Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.em Thell) Int.J.Curr.Microbiol.App.Sci 7(07): 1986-1993 doi: https://doi.org/10.20546/ijcmas.2018.707.234 1993 ... Singh, Chhagan Lal and Darshita Bhat 2018 Inbreeding Depression Analysis for Yield and Some of Its Associated Characters in Late Sown Condition in Bread Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.em Thell) Int.J.Curr.Microbiol.App.Sci... selection The inbreeding depression refers to decrease in fitness and vigour due to inbreeding The degree of inbreeding is measured by the inbreeding coefficient Inbreeding depression results are... traits and quality in spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) Supplement Genet and Pl Br., (4): 1725-1731 Prakash, V and Joshi, P 2003 Genetics of metric traits in spring wheat under normal and late