GA11-NC

Chơng I: sự điện li Bài 1: sự điện li I. Mục tiêu bài học: 1. Về kiến thức: !!"#$%&'(%!%) !*'(+!,- 2. Về kỹ năng: ./!01+!( ./!2134!3 II. Chuẩn bị: 56788$9%& :,(;<-==>5?=@=A=B>5?C >DE%&FG,*,-3$H4I III. Tổ chức hoạt động dạy học: 1.ổn định lớp: 2. Tiến trình Hoạt động thầy và trò Nội dung ghi bảng Hoạt động 1: 56J4K$>5? $L !%M >+!(3NO,P,(!3 Hoạt động 2: 56Q:(%!%) !K(NL(R*%& >63%8S%TF GUV3$H4W ,2X7, %!%),"Y !4#( $GZ% 4#[!K(NL(R*(, H4#,( 56 !%M4#'(!K(N L(R*E4*,-H%& G" 56\(,(9K!K(NL(R*+!E !9 >L !%M4#G "( I. Hiện tợng điện li: 1. Thí nghiệm: >5? ?+!2 7!%)!K(NL(R*%& Z,J((Z(]9 K%!%),!XV%& 2. Nguyên nhân tính dẫn điện của các dung dịch axit, bazơ, muối trong nớc. Z!K(NL(R*(,H 4#,(%!%)'( P%& ^!,-4#,H,( _(,H4# G >L !%ML`4*,- 6% Ho¹t ®éng 3: 56Q:(H!" (Z(V%& ((ZH %!%) %&ZSa_(H  (ZY*H(!,( b!K- !!(42 - !!4#[H 56c>,P,(Q ! '(H Ho¹t ®éng 4: 56c >JQ ! '( (Zd  #%*4#LK!#4"(! !QP 56? (ZH Y-N2,(e 56%f-;4#$$ >-%!4 56!37H%8'(4# [H4#Z( g Z   ,(a %!%)^! ,-'((ZL !%ML` 4*,-  NaCl Na Cl + − → + Ho¹t ®éng 5: 56"!Z4#[Yd?Z: (,HY4#,( 4#[Y"(Veh# eFNO+!,-4# '(4#[Z 56$>HQ ! '(4#[Z gd?_(!"[,4#[ d?Z:Y gh#[4#ZL !%M L`-;  56?ZHY -N2,(e  NaCl Na Cl HCl H Cl NaOH Na OH + − + − + − → + → + → + II. C¬ chÕ cña qu¸ tr×nh ®iÖn li: 1. CÊu t¹o ph©n tö níc: d"_(!"[,4#[ d?Z:4# h#[Y!%Y%Y4# [H4#H \ *24#[HL !%M L`-E4 2. Qu¸ tr×nh ®iÖn li cña NaOH trong n- íc: 7H%8'(4#[H4# Z( g Z  ,(a  %!%)^!,-'( (ZL !%ML`4*,-: NaCl Na Cl + − → + AQu¸ tr×nh ®iÖn li cña HCl trong níc 7*_(4#[4# HZ4#[Z4#  g Z  ^!,-YL ! %ML`4*,-: HCl H Cl + − → + gg gg -56344$>3NO,i ,P,(!37*_( 4#[4#HZ4#[Z 4# g Z  ^!,- YL !%ML`4*,- : HCl H Cl + − → + Z4#[X,!_4#[ 4#!"%H%8'(H PV4#. Cñng cè bµi:56[%8L34B >5? 'KL . 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Mục tiêu bài học: 1. Về kiến thức: 9#L` ! 2. Về kỹ năng: 63%89 L! 7f 3L!V II. Chuẩn bị: 56788$$%&'(%!%)7!%)Zl=b Z A Z]]l=b III. Tổ chức hoạt động dạy học: 1. ổn định lớp: ? ,(0K4 2. Kiểm tra bài cũ: :,-L*'((ZZ,H 3. Tiến trình: Hoạt động thầy và trò Nội dung ghi bảng Hoạt động 1: 56H!%88 $ >+!(3NO,P,(!3 6H%!%)ZLY/,p* H %! %)Z A Z]] \! Y Sai9,%!%) ZH*,%!%)Z A Z]] 7YZ4#*Z A Z]] 56!3Z(!Y2 14#(! Hoạt động 2: 56Q\ qS94# '(X(%f9 56L !S92 $ 56"!k!>%(L !S4 L !9 56FL93 ,)e >\9'(Y Y,)`,2lr = 567(9Y $ I. Độ điện li: 1. Thí nghiệm: >5? ?!3Z(!Y2 14#(! 2. Độ điện li: \9<C'(=sK '(K4#[4#,(<Ct K4#[(< l C lr= 6%:,%!%)Z A Z]]S=ll 4#[(-Y@4#[4#,( \9 2 0,02 100 = = (@u 0 n n = i9,%!%)56 9K$%8 > !*9 α Ho¹t ®éng 3: 56"!k!>"S!>5? L:eZ Y9L`e >4L !)v(>5?7( L !S$9)v( $αw= 56Z g Z  (N   Z  ] A    @ >] B  Z] B … g  Z  L(R*    (]  ?] (<]C @ … gk!!K <56 >(NL(R* !K(!%!@C 56>'( L !%ML`4*,- %f→ q!Y  56"!k!>4#[ >x( 567(4#[Y $ i9,%!%)! Li9 56"!k!>$i99K %!%) Ho¹t ®éng 4: 56"!k!>"S!>5? L:!eZ !Y9L`e >4L !)v(>5?7( L !S$9)v( $lrαr= 56Z! gZ(N! @ >Z A Z]] @ Z] A  y… gZL(R*!yE<]C A b<]C @ … <56 >(N!(!%! (C 56>'( L !%ML`4*,- %fz"(!,4*,- II. ChÊt ®iÖn li m¹nh vµ chÊt ®iÖn li yÕu: 1. ChÊt ®iÖn li m¹nh: ?>5? α'(L`= 7f→ q, 4#[ :x4*,-i9  :$i9, %!%)  6%:${ 2 3 CO − |{( g |,%! %)( @ Z] A l=b ( @ Z] A →@( g g 2 3 CO − :E4#[ 2 3 2 2 3 3 2 2.0,1 0,2( ) 0,1( ) Na CO Na Na CO CO n n mol n n mol + − = = = = = 2. ChÊt ®iÖn li yÕu: ?>5? α'(!lrαr= 7f → ¬   q! ,4*,- 6% 3 3 CH COOH CH COO H − + → + ¬  oZ#L` ->'(!+! ,-!3)^!,-; ,#L`G# L`!Q,LU`K <?q48!9 l .( -Z#L`#L`9. >! %)#L`z!#E 63Y+!,-!3) 56"!k!>4#[9 K! 56Q>'( !Yk'_Q,'(+! ,-!3)63Q,'(+! ,-!3)-e > gh2S!3);, #L`\Y#L`9 g:,#L`Q,LU `K#L` g  Z!   %)  #  L`  !#  E !"$d*(*E 56:*3+!,-; ,#L`G# L`Z#L`Q, LU`K 56"!k!>L !S$` K+!,- 3 3 CH COOH CH COO H − + → + ¬  >?w 3 3 [ ][ ] [ ] CH COO H CH COOH − + ?q48 !99 56>! %)#L` z!#E!"$d*(*E 56"!#!a?4(F%! %)9'(1 6-(e !"$d*(*E. 2U'(4(F9 : ?4(F%!%)9'( 1. DÆn dß: 6L34@ABj 6NE(NL(R*FGU4@}A$%84 *,-'((NL(R*Y Rót kinh nghiÖm: ?V Bµi tËp tham kh¶o: 1. Z(! o(Zo<] A C A Z(<]C @  (Zo<] A C A Z(Z] A  Z(Zo<] A C A oZ 7Z(<]C @ Z(Z] A oZ 2. Z(! o @ >] B  (<]C @ Z @ > 7Z A Z]] m(] A _(!#! o(L (% ZLE 7(LE A ZY=ll%!%)(<]C @ =b"@llH!%!%)Di 9]  ,%!%)D: o=b@bZAb7\4K B :,9=ll%!%)(<]C @ ljbH=ll%!%)?]ljb%! %)oi9~'(] ,%!%)o: oljbljjbZlIjb7=jb j ZG#!4L !P: oZqY4(,HHL). \9q48!9L2. Z?4(F%!%)9'(!1. 7\9Y H*=. 9"Y(,T+!(,G,XK 2N!GZ#!(!#PY? o>(9H%!%). >4#9%H%8'(%T. Z>4#9%*#Y(,H (U,Y2. 7>+!,-N[. IĐ 9sK_(K4#[4#,"tK4#['( (\9'(48!9_!K(!#? o2'(. 2'(%!V. Z9'(V,Xi9'((. 7oZP. Bài 3:axit, bazơ và muối I. Mục tiêu bài học: =Về kiến thức -(NL(R*E!o,"!,E. cv('(`K4#(N`K4#L(R* !K-'(!K 2. Về kỹ năng: 63%8$!(NL(R*'(o,"!,E 4#L(NL(R* n$,!$ 4*,-'(!K 7(`K4#(NL(R* $i9 g ] ,%!%) II. Chuẩn bị: 56788K 7!%)(]!K%!%)Z A +!$ III. Tổ chức hoạt động dạy học: 1. ổn định lớp: ? ,(0K4 2. Kiểm tra bài cũ: :,(!! ] A Z @ >] B @ > @ Z] A ?](<]C @ (]yEC]C @ 64*,- '(Pe 3. Tiến trình: Hoạt động thầy và trò Nội dung ghi bảng Hoạt động 1: 56>J(N FGUH4%H$%8 56Z(N_F 4*,-'((NY 56"!k!@>"L2A4* ,-'(A(N3NO %(NL(R*4#,( 56!3oN(,H 4#,( g 56>JL(R* FGUH4%H$%8 Hoạt động 2: 567(4*,->," L2>3NOK g 4# ,(x}4#[(N -56oN94#[q 4#9,( g (N9oN 94#[4#!,( g (N!. -56"!k!>$%89(N9 (N!>(!Y4*,- 4#Ex'(P. -56%&%J>*," - L(R*9!. -56\KH(N!L(R* !-qYS . I. Axit và bazơ theo A-re-ni-ut. 1. Định nghĩa: <:Eo,E!C oN(,H4#,( g 6% 3 3 HCl H Cl CH COOH CH COO H + + + + ơ (R*(,H4#,( ] 6% NaOH OH Na + + 2. Axit nhiều nấc, bazơ nhiều nấc: ooN! -oN94#[q4#9 ,( g (N9. 6%Z] A Z A Z]] -oN94#[4#! ,( g (N!. 6% @ >] B A h] B @ >, 2 4 4 2 4 4 3 4 2 4 2 2 4 4 2 3 4 4 H SO H HSO HSO H SO H PO H H PO H PO H HPO HPO H PO + + + + + + + ơ + ơ + ơ + ơ (R*!: -(R*94#[q4#9 ,(] L(R*9. 6%?](] , NaOH Na OH + + -(R*94#[4#! ,(] L(R*!. 6%(<]C @ Z(<]C @ , 2 2 ( ) ( ) ( ) Ca OH Ca OH OH Ca OH Ca OH + + + + + Z(NL(R*!4#k Ho¹t ®éng 3 -56(R*_F"4 *,-'((NL(R*Y. -56"!k!@>"L2A4* ,-'(AL(R*3NO %(NL(R*4#,(. -56!3(R*(,H 4#,( + . -56%&%J>*," - L(R*9!. Ho¹t ®éng 4 -56$>+!(3 NO. +Z%!%)ZK •<]C @ . +Z%!%)(]K •<]C @ . ->Z2@K•<]C @ !(63 •<]C @ x(42SH(Nx(42S HL(R.¬ -56!3•<]C @ ,VNn$. -56Q:(•<]C @ ,VN n$? -562$:Eo,E!-•<]C @  x(4#E !(Nx(4#E  !L(R.¬ +h#E !L(R:¬ 2 2 ( ) 2Zn OH Zn OH + − → + ¬  +h#E !(N: 2 2 2 ( ) 2Zn OH H ZnO + − → + ¬  ( 2 2 2 2 2H ZnO H ZnO + − → + ¬  ) (: -56b9K,VNn$XQ4 oC]C A Z,<]C A hL<]C @ ><]C @ … :$(NL(R*'(P!!. Ho¹t ®éng 5 -56(,(-!KZ>+!($ Pƒ!+!‚$%!%)  A 7((t!+!‚$> !3%!%) A Y$L(R.¬ -56Z:h: A "L2:E! Ex. AHi®roxit lìng tÝnh -?>5? 6%•<]C A ,VNn$ 2 2 2 2 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 Zn OH Zn OH Zn OH H ZnO + − + − → + ¬  → + ¬  -b9K,VNn$XQ4 o<]C A Z,<]C A hL<]C @ ><]C @ ,… -d(NL(R*'(P!!. II. Kh¸i niÖm axit- baz¬ theo thuyÕt Bron-stet =\Þnh nghÜa: >5? 6$%8=: 3 2 3 3 CH COOH H O CH COO H O − + → + + ¬  oN(R*(R*oN 6$%8@: o,E!- A V L(R*- 4#[VS(Y]"( ,HV 4#,(]   %!%) A Y$L(R*ZqY  2$!%(,"!, E. :E!,E(,H4# [ A %8H4#[H,( ] - . 3 2 4 (1)NH H O NH OH + − → + + ¬  7!%) A Y]  "Y$L(R*  A 34,VxH"Y$L(R.¬ :*3(Z A Z]] H: 3 2 3 3 CH COOH H O CH COO H O − + → + + ¬  Z A Z]]X4,H(N. 63E,EL(R*X 4,(N34,. -56"!k!>3NO:E!, EFSZ] A  n $. -> : 2 3 3 3 HCO HOH H O CO − + − → + + ¬  :,42SZ] A  X g " (N. 3 2 3 HCO HOH H CO OH − − → + + ¬  :,42SZ] A  3 g " L(R.¬ 63Z] A  n$. -56toNX4, L(R*34,Zn$ x(Y2134,x(Y2 1X4,V. -56"!_! '(x !. Ho¹t ®éng 6 -56"!k!>4*,- L !S`K4#'((N! Z A Z]]. -56"!k!>3NO`K? (  48!9'(Y9. -564#$(!i9 g  3 2 4 NH H O NH OH + − → + + ¬  (R*oNoN(R¬ 6$%8A: 2 3 3 3 HCO HOH CO H O − − + → + + ¬  oN(R*(R*oN 3 2 3 HCO HOH H CO OH − − → + + ¬  (R*oNoN(R¬ <-Z]  A  @ ]n$. 63n$x(Y2 134,x(Y21 X4,. - @ ]n$. -oNL(R*Y 4#[(.