Câu Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions The hard, rigid plates that form the outermost portion of the Earth are about 100 kilometers thick These plates include both the Earth’s crust and the upper mantle The rocks of the crust are composed mostly of minerals with light elements, like aluminum and sodium, while the mantle contains some heavier elements, like iron and magnesium Together, the crust and upper mantle that form the surface plates are called the lithosphere This rigid layer floats on the denser material of the lower mantle the way a wooden raft floats on a pond The plates are supported by a weak, plastic layer of the lower mantle called the asthenosphere Also like a raft on a pond, the lithospheric plates are carried along by the slow currents in this more fluid layer beneath them With an understanding of plate tectonics, geologists have put together a new history for the Earth’s surface About 200 million years ago, the plates at the Earth’s surface formed a “supercontinent” called Pangaea When this supercontinent started to tear apart because of plate movement, Pangaea first broke into two large continental masses with a newly formed sea that grew between the land areas as the depression filled with water The southern one - which included the modern continents of South America, Africa, Australia and Antarctica - is called Gondwanaland The northern one - with North America, Europe and Asia - is called Laurasia, North America tore away from Europe about 180 million years ago, forming the northern Atlantic Ocean Some of the lithospheric plates carry ocean floor and others carry land masses or a combination of the two types The movement of the lithospheric plates is responsible for earthquakes, volcanoes, and the Earth’s largest mountain ranges Current understanding of the interaction between different plates explains why these occur where they For example, the edge of the Pacific Ocean has been called the “Ring of Fire” because so many volcanic eruptions and earthquakes happen there Before the 1960’s, geologists could not explain why active volcanoes and strong earthquakes were concentrated in that region The theory of plate tectonics gave them an answer Question 1: With which of the following is the passage mainly concerned?' A The contributions of the theory of plate tectonics to geological knowledge B The mineral composition of the Earth’s crust C The methods used by scientists to measure plate movement D The methods used by scientists to measure earthquakes and volcanoes Question 2: As used in line 3, “are composed of’ mean A consist of B constitute C made on of D compromised Question 3: The word “one” as used in the third paragraph refers to A masses B ocean floor C sea D depression Question 4: According to the passage, the northern Atlantic Ocean was formed A about 200 million years ago B when parts of Laurasia separated from each other C with a newly formed sea that grew between the land areas D when the land areas were filled with water Question 5: In the last paragraph, the word “concentrated” is closest in meaning to which of the following?' A allowed B clustered C exploded D strengthened Question 6: Which of the following can be inferred about the theory of plate tectonics?' A It is no longer of great interest to geologists B It was first proposed in the 1960’s C It fails to explain why earthquakes occur D It refutes the theory of the existence of a supercontinent Question 7: The paragraph following the passage most probably discusses A why certain geological events happen where they B how geological occurrences have changed over the years C the most unusual geological developments in the Earth’s history D the latest innovations in geological measurement Hướng dẫn & Bình luận nhulan: Câu 1: A Giải thích: Phương án B, C, D chi tiết, nói ý nhỏ đoạn mà khơng tóm tắt nội dung chung phương án A Câu 2: A Giải thích: A consists of B, C and D [A bao gồm B, C, D] = A is composed of B, C and D [A tạo B, C, D] = B, C and D compose A [B, C, D tạo nên A] Câu 3: A mass: tảng lớn ocean floor: đáy đại dương depression: chỗ sụt Giải thích: Ở phía trước có nói “tách làm hai mảng lớn [masses]….Cái phía Nam là…Cái phía Bắc là…, “cái” hai mảng [masses] Câu 4: B Giải thích: Thơng tin đoạn 3: “The northern one - with North America, Europe and Asia - is called Laurasia, North America tore away from Europe about 180 million years ago, forming the northern Atlantic Ocean.” Câu 5: B allow: cho phép cluster: tụ lại explode: nổ strengthen: làm mạnh lên Câu 6: B Giải thích: Thơng tin đoạn cuối: “Before the 1960’s, geologists could not explain why active volcanoes and strong earthquakes were concentrated in that region The theory of plate tectonics gave them an answer” – Trước 1960 khơng giải thích được, mà thuyết giải thích được, nghĩa thuyết đời khoảng năm 1960 Câu 7: A Giải thích: Đoạn cuối tác giả giới thiệu vấn đề việc giải thích lí địa chất biến đổi số nơi, đưa ví dụ, khẳng định có câu trả lời Như vậy, đoạn tiếp sau phát triển ý xuôi mạch phương án B, C, D Câu Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions Long before they can actually speak, babies pay special attention to the speech they hear around them Within the first month of their lives, babies' responses to the sound of the human voice will be different from their responses to other sorts of auditory stimuli They will stop crying when they hear a person talking, but not if they hear a bell or the sound of a rattle At first, the sounds that an infant notices might be only those words that receive the heaviest emphasis and that often occur at the ends of utterances By the time they are six or seven weeks old, babies can detect the difference between syllables pronounced with rising and falling inflections Very soon, these differences in adult stress and intonation can influence babies' emotional states and behavior Long before they develop actual language comprehension, babies can sense when an adult is playful or angry, attempting to initiate or terminate new behavior, and so on, merely on the basis of cues such as the rate, volume, and melody of adult speech Adults make it as easy as they can for babies to pick up a language by exaggerating such cues One researcher observed babies and their mothers in six diverse cultures and found that, in all six languages, the mothers used simplified syntax, short utterances and nonsense sounds, and transformed certain sounds into baby talk Other investigators have noted that when mothers talk to babies who are only a few months old, they exaggerate the pitch, loudness, and intensity of their words They also exaggerate their facial expressions, hold vowels longer, and emphasize certain words More significant for language development than their response to general intonation is observation that tiny babies can make relatively fine distinctions between speech sounds In other words, babies enter the world with the ability to make precisely those perceptual discriminations that are necessary if they are to acquire aural language Babies obviously derive pleasure from sound input, too: even as young as nine months they will listen to songs or stories, although the words themselves are beyond their understanding For babies, language is a sensory-motor delight rather than the route to prosaic meaning that it often is for adults Question 8: Which of the following can be inferred about the findings described in paragraph 2? A Babies ignore facial expressions in comprehending aural language B Mothers from different cultures speak to their babies in similar ways C Babies who are exposed to more than one language can speak earlier than babies exposed to a single language D The mothers observed by the researchers were consciously teaching their babies to speak Question 9: According to the author, why babies listen to songs and stories, even though they cannot understand them? A They can remember them easily B They focus on the meaning of their parents' word C They enjoy the sound D They understand the rhythm Question 10: The passage mentions all of the followings as the ways adults modify their speech when talking to babies EXCEPT A speaking with shorter sentences B giving all words equal emphasis C using meaningless sounds D speaking more loudly than normal Question 11: The word "diverse" is closest in meaning to A different B surrounding C stimulating D divided Question 12: The word "They" refers to A words B mothers C investigators D babies Question 13: What does the passage mainly discuss? A The differences between a baby's and an adult's ability to comprehend language B How babies perceive and respond to the human voice in their earliest stages of language development C The response of babies to sounds other than the human voice D How babies differentiate between the sound of the human voice and other sounds Question 14: The word "emphasize" is closest in meaning to A stress B leave out C explain D repeat Question 15: What point does the author make to illustrate that babies are born with the ability to acquire language? A Babies exaggerate their own sounds and expressions B Babies begin to understand words in songs C Babies notice even minor differences between speech sounds D Babies are more sensitive to sounds than are adults Hướng dẫn & Bình luận nhulan: Câu 8: B Giải thích: Thơng tin nằm đoạn “One researcher observed babies and their mothers in six diverse cultures and found that, in all six languages, the mothers used simplified syntax, short utterances and nonsense sounds, and transformed certain sounds into baby talk.” Câu 9: C Giải thích: Thơng tin nằm đoạn “Babies obviously derive pleasure from sound input, too: even as young as nine months they will listen to songs or stories, although the words themselves are beyond their understanding” Câu 10: B Giải thích: Thơng tin nằm đoạn “in all six languages, the mothers used simplified syntax, short utterances and nonsense sounds, and transformed certain sounds into baby talk… they exaggerate the pitch, loudness, and intensity of their words They also exaggerate their facial expressions, hold vowels longer, and emphasize certain words.” Câu 11: A different: khác biệt surrounding: xung quanh stimulating: kích thích divide: phân chia Câu 12: B investigator: nhà nghiên cứu Giải thích: Thơng tin nằm đoạn “Other investigators have noted that when mothers talk to babies who are only a few months old, they exaggerate the pitch, loudness, and intensity of their words They also exaggerate their facial expressions, hold vowels longer, and emphasize certain words” - Những nhà nghiên cứu khác lưu ý mẹ nói chuyện với em bé vài tháng tuổi, họ phóng đại cao độ, độ to, cường độ lời nói Họ phóng đại ln nét mặt họ, giữ nguyên âm dài hơn, nhấn mạnh số từ Như vậy, từ “họ” thay cho người mẹ Câu 13: B Giải thích: Đoạn nói trẻ có phản ứng khác với âm người âm khác, giai đoạn trẻ nhận diện âm Đoạn nói cách người lớn giao tiếp với trẻ, cách mà trẻ nhận âm từ người lớn Đoạn nói khả phân biệt âm đoạn nói khác biệt cảm nhận, thái độ âm trẻ người lớn Như nhìn tồn B phù hợp nhất, A C D không sai nhỏ nhặt, nội dung phần mà không bao quát Câu 14: A stress: nhấn mạnh leave out: bỏ explain: giải thích repeat: lặp lại Câu 15: C Giải thích: Thơng tin nằm đoạn “More significant for language development than their response to general intonation is observation that tiny babies can make relatively fine distinctions between speech sounds” A sai người lớn phóng đại âm biểu cảm trẻ, B sai chúng chưa hiểu từ hát, D sai trẻ không nhạy cảm người lớn mà trẻ thích âm thanh, người lớn coi để hiểu Câu The increase in international business and in foreign investment has created a need for executives with knowledge of foreign language and skills in cross-cultural communication Americans, however, have not been well trained in either area and, consequently, have not enjoyed the same level in negotiation in an international arena as have their foreign counterparts Negotiating is the process of communicating back and forth for the purpose of reaching an agreement Involves persuasion and compromise, but in order to participate in either one, the negotiators must understand the ways in which people are persuaded and how compromise is reached within the culture of negotiation In many international negotiations business abroad, Americans are perceived as wealthy and impersonal It often appears to the foreign negotiator that Americans represents a large multimillion–dollar corporation that can afford to pay the price without bargaining further The American negotiator’s role became that of and impersonal purveyor of information and cash, the image that succeeds only in underming the negotiation In studies of American negotiators abroad, several traits have been identified that may serve to confirm that stereotypical perception, while subverting the negotiator’s position Two traits in particular that cause cross-cultural misunderstanding are directness and impatience on that part of American negotiator Furthermore, American negotiators often insist on realizing short-term goals Foreign negotiators, on the other hand, may value the relationship established between negotiators and may be willing to invest time in it for long-term benefits In order to solidify the relationship, they may opt for indirect interactions without regard for the time involved in getting to know the other negotiator Clearly, perceptions and differences in values affect the outcomes of negotiation and the success of negotiators For Americans to play a more effective role in international business negotiations, they must put forth more effort to improve cross-cultural understanding Question 16 What’s the author main point? American negotiators need to learn more about other cultures B Negotiation is the process of reaching an agreement C Foreign perceptions of American negotiators are based on stereotypes D Foreign languages are important for international business Question 17 According to the author, what is the purpose of negotiation? A To undermine the other negotiator’s position B To reach an agreement C To communicate back and forth D To understand the culture of the negotiators Question 18 The word “persuaded” in paragraph is closest in meaning to A informed B respected C convinced D accused Question 19 The word “that” in paragraph refers to A role B corporation C price D bargaining Question 20 Which of the following is mentioned as a criterion necessary for negotiation? A participation B compromise C communication D investment Question 21 According to the passage, how can the businesspersons improve their negotiation skills? A By getting to know the negotiators B By explaining the goals more clearly C By living in a foreign culture D By compromising more often Question 22 The American negotiators are described as all of the following EXCEPT A known for direct interactions B interested in short-term goals C willing to invest time in relationships D perceived by foreign negotiators as wealthy Hướng dẫn & Bình luận Lời giải : nhulan: Đáp án 16 A 17 B 18 C 19 A 20 B 21 A 22 C