Phát huy vốn tự nhiên để phát triển kinh tế xã hội vùng đồng bằng sông hồng tt tiếng anh

MINISTRY OF EDUCATION AND TRAINING - MINISTRY OF PLANNING AND INVESTMENT INSTITUTE OF DEVELOPMENT STRATEGY  NGUYEN VAN HUY PROMOTING NATURAL CAPITAL FOR SOCIAL - ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT IN THE RED RIVER DELTA ABSTRACT OF THE DOCTORAL THESIS HANOI - 2020 FOREWORD Rationale Natural resources are important asset, which are increasingly exploited and becoming a limiting factor of development process In order to effectively promote the natural resources for the social – economic development, the viewpoint that considers the natural resouces as a free gift of the Nature should be changed These the natural assets should be viewed from the capital ’perspective, as an important source for social - economic development Promoting the natural capital is to increase the contribution and value of capital capital sources through the exploitation, usage, conservation, investment and development of the natural capital source for the social – economic development In past years, the provinces and cities in the Red River Delta have attained a significant achievements in the process of social – economic development in all aspects : economic growth, economic strucrure change, hunger eradication and poverty reduction, improved life’ quality However, these souces have not been effectively and sustainably used so far The natural resources have not been considered as a special capital to be used and promoted effectively for the social-economic development In order to promote the natural capital for the social – economic development in the Red River Delta, it is required to have a comprehensive research on this matter so as to recommend and propose suitable solutions in the new context It is therefore the theme “Promoting the natural capital for the social – economic develoment in the Red River Delta” is chosen for the dotoral thesis Objective and Tasks of the Research 2.1 The Research’s Objective To study the theoritical and practical bases on promoting the natural capital for regional social – economic development, applying for the Red River Delta and basing on this study’ results to recommend and propose the solutions for effectively promoting natural capital for the social – economic development in the period of 2021 – 2030 2.2 The Research’s Tasks - Review researches on the natural capital, promotion of natural capital for the social – economic development to identify what has been studied to refer to and what needs to be studied more that the thesis should focus on - Systemarize and admend and perfecting the theoritical base on natural capital and promoting the natural capital for the regional social – economic development - Analyze the current state of promoting the natural capital for social – economic development in the Red River Delta ; point out the what has been achieved and what are the shortcomings and limitations and the reason causing these limitations - Propose system of solutions for effectively promoting the natural capital for the social – economic development in the Red River Delta in the coming time Subject and scope of the Research 3.1 Subject The Thesis focus on studying promotion of the natural capital for the social – economic development in the Red River Delta from the development economics’s perspective 3.2 Scope Duration: in the period of 2011 – 2019 and solutions proposed for natural capital management for the period of 2021 – 2030 Research’s geographical area: The Red River Delta Research’s focal contents: focusing on the main natural capital in the Red River Delta, including: Land, Water Resources, Mineral Resources and Biodiversity to be effectively promoted for the regional social – economic development Research’s Methodology 4.1 The Research’s approach The Thesis uses the dialectical and historical logic methodology 4.2 Data collection The data sources are collected from various sources, including the primary and secondary data for serving research work 4.3 Data processing methodology The Thesis uses a synthesis of various combined methods, including the method of aggregated economic analysis, logic and historical method, inductive and explanatory method; statistical – explanatory method; valuation method, quantitative method and expert method 4.4 Logic framework Logic framework includes 04 main parts: - Comprehensive study and identify the research’s issues - Comprehensive study on theoretical and practical base to develop the theoretical framework - Study and evaluate the current state of promoting the natural capital for regional social – economic development - Proposed solutions The Thesis’s contributions - Theoretical aspect: The Thesis contributes systematizing and amending study on promoting the natural capital for regional social – economic development: + Shedding the light on the concept of natural capital and promoting the natural capital for regional social – economic development + Development of effect factors of promoting the natural capital for regional social – economic development with both objective and subjective factors + Development of index on evaluating the promotion of the natural capital for regional social – economic development - Practical aspect: + Summarizing, analyzing and synthesizing the international and domestic experiences on promotion of the natural capital for regional social – economic development for thesis’ research + Develop the quantitative modelling on the relationship between effect factors and the promotion of the natural capital for regional social – economic development + Analyzing the current state of promoting natural capital for for regional social – economic development through the evaluation index Pointing out the outcomes and limiations in the promoting of the natural capital for social – economic development in the Red River Delta + Confirming that the rationality of effect factors and also, pointing out the effecting level of each factor on promotion of the natural capital for regional social – economic development + Proposing and recommending the solutions on promotion of the natural capital for regional social – economic development in the coming time Thesis’ research results can be a useful source of reference for policy maker and manager and contributing for process of policy making and implementation aiming at promoting the natural capital for regional social – economic development in current and coming time The Thesis’s structure Foreword Chapter 1: An Overview on the researches related to the promotion of natural capital for the regional social – economic development Chapter 2: Theoretical base on the promotion of natural capital for the regional social – economic development and practical experiences Chapter 3: Current state of promoting natural capital for social – economic development in the Red River Delta Chapter 4: Orientations and solutions to effectively promote the natural capital for the regional social – economic development in the Red River Delta until 2030 CHAPTER An Overview on the researches related to the promotion of natural capital for the regional social – economic development 1.1 Research on the promotion of natural capital for the regional social – economic development Researches often focus on the issues: the important role of natural capital for the sustainable development; the preservation and promote the natural capital are imperative to sustainable development and the policy required for the maintaining, developing and promoting the natural capital for sustainable development 1.2 Research on the efficiency of promoting the natural capital Much researched focus on the efficiency of promoting the particular natural capital such as: land, water resources, ecosystems Each capital has its own evaluation and is also different in different researches 1.3 Research on the effect factors on the promotion of natural capital for the regional social – economic development Researches on effect factors much focus on the specific natural capital, for instance: land, water resources, ecosystem An overview analysis shows that the effect factors include both subjective (legislative institutions, management capacity, awareness on natural capital…) and objective factors (social – economic development level, production structure, scale and quantity of the natural capital and distribution of natural capital, technology development…) 1.4 Research on the promotion of natural capital for the social – economic development in the Red River Delta Researches on promotion of natural capital for the social – economic development in the Red River Delta are still diminutive, almost focusing on aspect of exploiting, use and conserving or restoring a particular natural capital 1.5 The research gap and intended contributions of the Thesis 1.5.1 Research gap (1) As a result of important role of natural capital and increasingly becoming exhausted and declining, it is necessary to develop and promote the natural capital for the regional social – economic development (2) still lacking the comprehensive study on promote the natural capital for the regional social – economic development compatible to the distinct circumstance of the region ((3) There is still no full and comprehensive research on promoting the natural capital for the social – economic development in the Red River Delta although this issue has been often studied with case study of a concrete natural capital or simple just a report on specific natural assets in the region (4) Red River Delta has its own features in comparison with other regions in the country 1.5.2 Research’s focus (1) Sheding the light on theoretical issues on natural capital and promoting the natural capital for regional social – economic development (2) Development of effect factors of promoting the natural capital for regional social – economic development in the Red River Delta, pointing out which factor has highest impact (3) Analyzing the current state of promoting natural capital for for regional social – economic development through the evaluation index Pointing out the outcomes and limiations in the promoting of the natural capital for social – economic development in the Red River Delta and (4) proposing and recommending the solutions on promotion of the natural capital for regional social – economic development in the coming time CHAPTER Theoretical base on the promotion of natural capital for the regional social – economic development and practical experiences 2.1 Concepts 2.1.1 Capital and Natural Capital 2.1.1.1 Capital - Reviewing the concepts of capital developed over the time, from different perspectives - Identifying capital can have many forms, however, under any form, the nature of capital is that the use of capital should conserve the original capital and use effectively to have a gain or profit 2.1.1.2 The concept of natural capital Differing from the natural resources or natural assets, the concept of natural capital is seeing nature from the concept of capital; the natural resources or natural assets once come into use, it becomes natural capital; natural capital is broader than natural assets, it includes the natural resources and its value, consisting of ecosystems and the ecological products and services provided by the natural resources Natural capital should be considered as an important input and should be used assuring that original capital is be preserved and having profit 2.1.2 The promoting the natural capital - Reviewing the concept of promoting and shedding the light on concept of promotion from the viewpoint of natural capital - Promoting the natural capital is to identify the value of natural capital, use it effectively and sustainably so as to increase the contributions and its value over time 2.1.3 Region and social – economic development 2.1.3.1 Region Region concept is used the concept mentioned in the current Planning Law Region is prt of national territory consisting of several adjacent provinces, cities linked through a river basin or having a similarity on the natural conditions, social – economic, history, citizen, infrastructure and interactive relation to create a sustainable linkage altogether 2.1.3.2 The regional social – economic development The regional social – economic development is the process of changing over time to become more advanced in all social economic aspects of the region having a similarity on the natural conditions, social – economic, history, citizen, infrastructure and interactive relation to create a sustainable linkage altogether 2.1.4 Promoting the natural resources for the regional social – economic development Promoting the natural resources for the social – economic development is to orienting the investment, exploitation and take advantage of strong points, preserve and develop the value of nature ensuring that becoming more advanced in all aspects, achieving the current and future social – economic targets 2.2 Categories and features of natural resources 2.2.1 Categories The natural capital is categorized based on perspectives, including: Based on the source: the groups that have source origin from biology and non-biology Based on the stage of development: potential natural capital, exploited natural capital and reserved natural capital Based on the renewable capacity: renewable and non-renewable natural capital; eternal natural capital Based on the capacity of supplying the products and services: ecological natural capital and ecological products and services Based on the usage: energy, minerals, land, forest, water resources, fishery, climate 2.2.2 Features of natural capital 2.2.2.1 Origin Natural capital provides natural resources and services from the nature Natural capital is abundant and unevenly distributed 2.2.2.2 Ownership Ownership of the natural capital can be decided by the government and the exploitation time is important for the ownership to exist Those persons who have ownership have different rights such as: right for exploitation, right for usage or sharing or transferring or even excluding the others from the allocating the profit sharing brought by natural capital 2.2.2.3 Scarcity Natural capital has a definite limitation, along with the economic development, it is diminished from using it and therefor becoming more scarce 2.2.2.4 Replacement Although it is quite flexible, it can be used for multiple-purposes; some natural capitals can be alternative for each other Therefore, depending on the use’s purpose, the considering which natural capital is used is important so as to have optimal use of that resource 2.2.2.5 Economic feature Natural capital is a special wealth and input for many economic activities 2.3 The relationship between promoting the natural resources and regional social – economic development 2.3.1 The role of natural capital in the regional social – economic development First, natural capital is a foundation for social – economic development in order to achieve the sustainable and comprehensive growth Second, it is a basis for energy production, food and water security Third, it supports for main economic sectors Fourth, its has an important role in adapting to climate change 2.3.2 Necessity of promoting the natural capital for the regional social – economic development First, in all conditions, natural capital is a resource for social – economic development and becoming more scarce Second, to promote the natural capital, first of all the valuation, evaluation of natural capital should be done Third, ecological quality is products Fourth, once the natural capital is promoted, it is put into the national accounting system Fifth, promoting the natural capital is to boost the green growth 2.4 Effect factor of promoting the natural capital for the regional social – economic development 2.4.1 Subjective factors 2.4.1.1 Awareness on promoting the natural capital for the regional social – economic development 2.4.1.2 The practicality and accountability of legislation system related to promoting the natural capital for the regional social – economic development 2.4.1.3 Capacity of the State Management on natural capital management 2.4.1.4 Human resources for promoting the natural capital for the regional social – economic development Nhân lực phát huy vốn tự nhiên 2.4.2 Objective factors 2.4.2.1 Scale and quantity of natural capital 2.4.2.2 Distribution of natural capital 2.4.2.3 Production structure 2.4.2.4 Social – economic development level 2.4.2.5 Technology development level 2.5 Evaluation on the promotion of the natural capital for the regional social – economic development 2.5.1 Index for evaluating the contribution level of the promotion of the natural capital for the regional social – economic development Promoting the natural capital is to improve the contributions and value of the natural capital to the process of social – economic development through exploitation, use, conservation and development of natural capital, consequently, the original capital can be preserved and gain more profits There are many index that can be used to evaluation on the promotion of the natural capital for the regional social – economic development such as: index on current state of natural capital; index on effective, sustainable use of natural capital; index on institution, policy and management on the natural capital use and index on efficiency of promoting the natural capital The selection of these index should be considered reasonably for regional social – economic development 2.5.2 Some concrete indicator 2.5.2 Indicator for evaluating the wasteful use of natural capital 2.5.2.2 Indicator for evaluating the improved quality and value of natural capital 2.5.2.3 Indicator for evaluating institution for promotion of natural capital 2.5.2.4 Indicator for evaluating efficiency of promoting natural capital for the regional social – economic development 2.6 Practical experience on the promotion of the natural capital for the regional social – economic development 2.6.1 Some countries’ practical experiences Reviewing the experiences of EU, US, China, Malaysia in using economic instruments such as: environment protection fee and tax for the promotion of the natural capital for the regional social – economic development; integrating the ecological approach into the planning process; providing the ownership and volunteer certificate for land, water use in EU 2.6.2 Mekong Delta and the central coastal region of Vietnam’s experiences Similarly, the experiences of US, China, Malaysia as well as Mekong Delta and the central coastal region of Vietnam also are reviewed with a particular attention on the instruments, policies, planning and solutions for promotion of the natural capital for the regional social – economic development 10 2.6.3 Lesson Learnt for the Red River Delta First, legislation is first instrument, having strong impact on management and promotion of natural capital Second, the government should consider the economic instruments in accordance with natural capital valuation Thirds, each natural capital should be planned with the usage options based on zoning according to the typical feature of each area Fourth, policy for promoting each natural capital should be developed basing on its own feature Fifth, development of index, indicators on quality evaluation as well as natural capital management Chapter Current state of promoting natural capital for social – economic development in the Red River Delta 3.1 An overview on the Red River Delta 3.1.1 Red River Delta in the system of region of Vietnam The Red River Delta is a large area, laying in the downstream of Red River in the North of Vietnam, consisting of 02 cities, namely Hà Nội, Hải Phòng, 09 provinces: Quảng Ninh, Bắc Ninh, Hải Dương, Hưng Yên, Thái Bình, Nam Định, Hà Nam, Ninh Bình, Vĩnh Phúc The Red River Delta has a huge potential and advantages compared with other economic regions with a favorable geographic location, abundant and various natural resources, human resources’ quality, high density of population, flat and low land and developed infrastructure for the social – economic development 3.2 Effect factor on promotion of natural capital for social – economic development in the Red River Delta 325.1 Modelling Each effect factor is equivalent to an independent variable In which, there are 09 independent variables, namely: awareness, legislative institution and management capacity, human resources for promoting natural capital, social – economic development, production structure, technology development level, natural capital distribution and scale of natural capital and one dependent variable on natural capital promotion The total of observation parameters for independent one are 40 and 03 observation variable for dependent variable Survey objectives: manager in the field of natural resource and environment, production entrepreneurs and households The questionnaire is designed with Likert levels for evaluating the index of above-mentioned factors The sample has 487 votes 11 3.2.2 Effect factor analysis 3.2.2.1 Evaluation In calibrated independent variables, almost has highly evaluated confidence Only “Natural capital scale’’ calibration has Cronbach’s Alpha 0.424 less than 0.5, it does not meet the requirement Excluding this observation variable and as a result of re-calibrating, Cronbach’s Alpha reaches 0.716 > 0.5, satisfying the confidence 3.2.2.2 Statistic explanation on current state on effect factor on promotion of natural capital for social – economic development in the Red River Delta According to the survey result, evaluating variables in practices almost achieve an average level of from to 3.2.2.3 EFA factor analysis After analyzing factor, the model was adjusted with 09 independent variables, 33 observation variable, and 01 independent variable withdrawn for modelling calibration 3.2.2.4 Regression Analysis Regression Equation showing the relationship between the promotion of natural capital for social – economic development in the Red River Delta with effect factor is as following : Y = 0,081* X1 + 0,145* X2 + 0,094*X3 + 0,233*X4 + 0,075*X5 + 0,137*X6 + 0,291*X7 + 0,149*X8 + 0,151*X9 In which, Y : promotion of natural capital for social – economic development in the Red River Delta X1: arwareness X2: legislative institution X3: management capacity X4: human resurces for promoting natural capital, X5: social – economic development X6: production structure X7: technology development level X8: natural capital distribution and X9: scale of narutal capital All variables are directly proportional to the independent variable 3.3 Foundation for promotion of natural capital for social – economic development in the Red River Delta 3.3.1 The Government’s policies A number of important laws and policies, legal documents have been developed and implemented so far Such as Law on water resources 2012; Law on land use 2013, Law on Mineral resources, Law on Biodiversity and accordingly, many legal documents under the Law also developed and implemented 3.3.2 Locality’s policies 12 Based on the government’s enacted legislation, the localities also focus on implementing the guidelines, planning on water resources management, forestation, land use planning and its associated mechanism, instruments, conserving biodiversity… 3.4 Current state of promoting natural capital for social – economic development in the Red River Delta 3.4.1 Contributions of promoting natural capital to the economic development Promoting the natural capital has brought into direct contribution of natural capital to the economic development in the region GDP in 2016 of the region accounted for 23% GDP of the country; promoting the advantage of natural resources, the economic production has been significantly changed in the direction of increased industry, construction, services areas and reduced agriculture and fishery areas 3.4.2 Constributions of promoting natural capital to social development The region has an abundant labor resources As a result of economic development, more job relating to the natural capital based production industries have been created; many mechanisms and policies for promoting the natural capital have been done, create significant change in sectors, therefore providing more job opportunities for labor in the region, especially in the fields ecological tourism, environment industry According to the statistic, in the recent years, the income per capita in the region also increase remarkably 3.4.3 Contributions of promoting natural capital to the economic development to environmental protection Natural capital exploitation and use’s efficiency is still limited; the exploitation and use of the natural capital is still wasteful and in unsustainable manner, especially land use, water resources and minerals For instance: as for water resources, the function of water has been declined; rivers, canals in some areas are highly polluted; as a result of climate change, the quality of water resources has been negatively impacted The region still has not paid sufficient attention on the water resources; it has not been full accounted and valued; and not considered as valuable capital that must be used sustainable and effectively Regarding the minerals, the common thing that can be easily seen so far is illegal exploitation of mineral resources or for some provinces, there is a phenomenon of over-exploitation of coal, sand for construction… consequently, putting negative impact on the construction sites on the banks of rivers in many areas in the region… 13 3.5 General assessment of promoting the natural capital for social – economic development in the Red River Delta 3.5.1 Assessment of natural capital 3.5.1.1 Advantage of natural capital First, the region has abundant water resources including surface water and underground water Second, land in the region also has various type of soils Third, afforestation has been much focus in recent years Fifth, mineral resources in the region are mainly coal and white clay 3.5.1.2 Shortcomings on natural capital First, the region still faces with the water shortage, especially lacking clean water, some areas even face with drought Second, land is one of high valued resources of the region however, as a result of appropriate planning, land has not been use effectively, in some places, areas, the land quality is contaminated, causing the quality of land has been declined, impacting on the agricultural production in some areas in the region Third, forest is diminutive in the region although the afforestation has been paid high attention in recent years Fifth, mineral resources are not abundant, and exploited at alarming rate 3.5.2 Limitations on promoting the natural capital for the social – economic development in the Red River Delta First, model for promotion of the natural capital for social – development is featured with linear model Second, state management and human resources for natural capital management still have limitation Third, the valuation to provide the basis for promotion of natural capital has not much been done in practice Fourth, legal documents are still lacking and sometimes, it has been enacted on time, causing difficulties in management Fifth, economic instruments application is still weak; Sixth, awareness on natural capital is till limited CHAPTER Orientations and solutions to effectively promote the natural capital for the regional social – economic development in the Red River Delta until 2030 4.1 Context 4.1.1 International and regional context Currently, in the world, natural resources have been considered as an important resource for the social – economic development However, the natural resources in many areas have been 14 exploited and used in unstainable manner, causing depletion and scarcity of the natural resources and becoming a limit factor for development In order to promote the natural capital for the regional social – economic development, a number of policies, mechanism such as economics instrument, sustainable management polices has been paid higher attention for effectively contribute for sustainable development 4.1.2 Domestic context In contrast with the international context, awareness on the natural capital in Vietnam in general and in the Red River Delta sill limited The weak management as well as the lacking of policies, institutions also results in difficulties in investment in natural capital 4.2 Orientation and targets for promotion of the natural capital for the regional social – economic development 4.2.1 New approach viewing natural resources as a capital resource for social – economic development Investment in natural capital basing on the valuation and evaluation of natural capital is the effective way to solve the natural resource’s depletion as well as cope with the environmental, social issues in the context of climate change, increased food security and water security These investment is aiming at sustainable and comprehensive development 4.2.2 Viewpoints on promotion of natural resources First, promotion of natural capital should be based on the sustainable points of view Second, promoting the natural capital should be combined with the social – economic requirement and should have a strategy and priorities Third, promoting the natural resources should be under the control and management of legislation system and local government 4.2.3 Target of promoting natural capital First, use effectively the natural capital; second, conserve the value of natural capital and invest to have profit Third, meeting the increasingly high demand on quantity and quality of natural capital for social – economic development 4.2.4 Requirement for promoting the natural capital Identify clearly natural capital areas that is allowed for use and the areas should be preserved Quantifying consumption for each natural capital based on the valuation and evaluation in accordance with the sustainable principles Promote the technology development to save, use effectively natural resources and seek new alternatives for non - renewable resources 15 Social – economic development must guarantee that the sustainability, ecological environment, contributing to improved life quality at localities 4.3 Some solutions to promote the natural capital for the regional social – economic development in the Red River Delta Some solutions to promote the natural capital in the region should focus on: management solution, technology solutions and human resource’ increased education and training 4.3.1 Application of modern technology for natural capital exploitation and usage 4.3.1.1 Technology solutions Application of advanced technology as an important solution for efficient use of land, water and biodiversity and protect environment in the region such as new technology in land use management; high tech developed for agricultural production with water use saving, improved crop quantity, water quality treatment… 4.3.1.2 Management solutions * Solutions for effective use of land and land’s environmental protection First, it is required to land use must comply with and unite with the land use planning Second, it is necessary to develop and perfect legislation system and the concerned guidelines on land use Third, implement sustainable land use policies and instruments * Solutions for effective use of water resource and water resource’s environmental protection First, implement the water resource integrated management based on river basins Second, socialize the water resource management Third, protect surface water Fourth, protect the underground water * Forest and biodiversity conservation First, as regard to the policy and legislation: it is required to continue perfecting the system of legal documents on forest and biodiversity Second, increase the community’s awareness Third, strengthen the personnel’s capacity Fourth, promote the international cooperation 4.3.2 Strengthening the education and training, increase capacity of personnel on natural capital valuation - Review and examine the entire existing personnel of the environmental and natural resource sector - Development of human resources strategy for each period for every level from official to manager 16 - Review and develop education and training program from undergraduate to doctoral level; order the education and training institution based on the employment demand of the sectors; support those institutions in education and training to meet the requirement at all levels and types of work - Develop the plan to re-educate and train the existing staffs and newly- employed staffs - Strengthen the human resources’ education and training management in the field of environment and natural resources to be more effective and regularly adjust the planning and use it more effectively in accordance with change in the practical management, use and exploitation of natural capital 4.3.3 Development of legislation and policies, regulations on effective use of natural capital 4.3.3.1 Perfecting the legal and legal framework on promotion of natural capital in the Red River Region - Amending some statistic indicators and investigation on existing natural capital in the region into legal documents for serving the valuation and evaluation process of natural capital - Review and synchronize regulations on natural resources management, environmental protection and ecological conservation - Regulating clearly the tasks and duties of the concerned organizations in the natural capital management - Integrating content of natural capital management into the process of developing strategy, policy and planning - Review and identify the limitations in regulations relating to the evaluation and valuation of natural capital; develop the valuation and evaluation techniques to have more scientific base for selecting optimal use of natural capital - Reform the system of environment and natural resource fee, tax system to encourage the effective use of natural capital and to increase more gains for re-invest into the development of natural capital 4.3.3.2 Development of policies and regulations on effective use of natural capital * Land use policies - Appropriately adjust the varieties and crop time/season to adapting to the changing weather 17 - Enacting the policies and mechanism encouraging effective use of land, avoiding the wasteful use of land source; gradually developing the land use planning for all administrative units’ level - Encourage the community, people to cultivate, invest into the non-used land areas, wasteland, empty land for fishery, agricultural production - Need to have policies to support scientists, researchers to have a favorable condition for their study and apply their studied results in production in the coming time - Perfecting the legislation on land use based on market –based mechanism - Reform compensation policies, land clearing and re-settlement polices regulated in Land use law to ensure the land fund as planned * Water resource policies - Review the allocation of water use for households, sectors using water for their own purpose; emphasizing the sustainable integrated management - Invest and implement basic survey, planning on water resources; constructing the monitoring system; information system and improved water resources forecast on flooding, drought, saline intrusion, water contamination - Encourage by tax incentive policy; financial support for enterprises to invest in seeking, surveying and exploiting the clean water - Reduce water contamination; improve the water treatment; - Encourage community – based management in water resources protection * Forestry resource use policies - Put priority on changing the policy focus from wood exploitation to multiplemanagement and transferring power to ensure the endowment and increased interest for the community - The local government should develop investment plan for protection of specific forest, protective forest and protection and development of rare, valuable animals, trees - Encourage the individuals, organizations to protect and enrich productive forest * Mineral resources use policies - Implementing the natural resources valuation in the area to be exploited in order to make a decision on the exploitation and allowable quantity - Encourage use of modern technology for exploitation - Development of exploitation policies to be in line with national policies 18 - Improve the governance, policy implementation and management of financial sources collected from exploitation activities 4.3.4 Renewed management solutions to improve the efficiency of promoting natural capital for the social – economic development - Need to categorize the natural capital into: protection group for increased reservation group and investment group for improved use efficiency - Apply the various valuation methods - Use effectively information on natural capital valuation 4.3.4.2 Review, adjusted social - economic planning, strategy in consideration of promoting the natural capital - Identify the economic structure and spatial development to be more open and have close linkage among provinces altogether in the region, including the process of developing economic sectors using natural capital 4.3.4.3 Increased use of economic instrument for investing into natural capital - Re-structure public – private finance for natural capital investment - Promote the private finance to invest into natural capital - Apply the new economic instruments 4.3.5 Increased awareness on natural capital and its value for social – economic development in the Red River Delta - Policies, planning on natural capital should be studied at all levels and publicized widely by various means for increased awareness on natural capital and its value for social – economic development in the Red River Delta - Organize events, activities to get community, enterprises involved to understand more the importance of natural capital and the need to use it in a more sustainable way, in accordance with the planning 4.3.6 Transforming the traditional economic linear model to a circular economy model - Transforming the traditional economic linear model to a circular economy model requires the change in the system as a whole, in which, the participation and promotion of stakeholders’ role are vital important - Develop and perfecting institutions and policies to lay down a foundation for formulation and development of the circular economic model 19 - Increase the interaction at multiple-levels, between the State, market and social organizations in the process of formulating and implementing the policies on environmental management and achieving the sustainable development - Improved social responsibility and culture in use saving, natural resources efficiency, reuse, reduce and recycle in the economy CONCLUSION The Red River Delta is one of agricultural ecological regions in Vietnam, consisting of two cities, namely Hà Nội, Hải phòng and nine provinces: Bắc Ninh, Hải Dương, Hưng Yên, Thái Bình, Nam Định, Hà Nam, Ninh Bình, Quảng Ninh, Vĩnh Phúc As a result of implementing the regional social – economic planning, in past years, all social – economic sectors in the region have been achieved remarkable results Rapid urbanization, industrialization and increased service sectors has been putting impact on natural capital in term of exploitation, usage as well as associated environmental issues Natural capital has been paid attention during the sustainable development This fact requires a need to have fully comprehensive research on natural capital to evaluate, planning and effectively, appropriately protect for social – economic development in the Red River Delta Promoting natural capital includes a number of contents, especially focusing on the role of local government in the management, use coordination, preservation, retaining value of natural capital for the regional sustainable development The development of natural capital in the region in the last years has been attained some results However, there are still a number of limitations, such as: limited awareness of people, community and local government on value, the way of effective use of natural capital; the lack or imperfect legislation system on natural capital promotion; lack of natural capital valuation works for providing the scientific foundation for promoting natural capital; unsynchronized solutions, methodologies in conservation, recovering, reduction of negative impacts on natural resources; ineffective monitoring and controlling exploitation activities There are a number of reasons behind this, including the subjective and objective ones, but main reasons are: inappropriate policies and mechanism on the promoting the natural capital; loose management of natural resources; lack of coordination mechanism; limited role of the local government in promoting the natural capital 20 In order to promote the natural capital in the region in the coming time, the Thesis proposes six principal solutions to solve the matters that have been pointed out The system of solutions has united, dialectic relationship and should implemented comprehensively in integrated way This is not simply a foundation to implement promotion of the natural capital in the region but also providing a reference value for other regions during the process of local social-economic development 21 ... promoting the natural capital for the regional social – economic development Nhân lực phát huy vốn tự nhiên 2.4.2 Objective factors 2.4.2.1 Scale and quantity of natural capital 2.4.2.2 Distribution... service sectors has been putting impact on natural capital in term of exploitation, usage as well as associated environmental issues Natural capital has been paid attention during the sustainable... social – economic development In past years, the provinces and cities in the Red River Delta have attained a significant achievements in the process of social – economic development in all aspects