P1: FXS/FGC P2: FXS 0521837049agg.xml CUUK347B-O’Meara September 8, 2006 17:6 DEEP-SKY COMPANIONS Hidden Treasures This new and exciting observing guide spotlights an original selection of 109 deep-sky objects that will appeal to sky-watchers worldwide Stephen James O’Meara’s ‘hidden treasures’ include a wonderful assortment of galaxies, open clusters, planetary nebula and more, all of which have been carefully chosen based on their popularity and ease of observing None of these objects are included in either the Messier or the Caldwell catalogs, and all are visible in a 4-inch telescope under dark skies, Stunning photographs and beautiful drawings accompany detailed visual descriptions of the objects, which include their rich histories and astrophysical significance The author’s original finder charts are designed to help observers get to their targets fast and efficiently s t e p h e n j a m e s o ’m e a r a has spent much of his career on the editorial staff of Sky & Telescope magazine His many astronomical achievements include being the first person to sight Halley’s Comet on its 1985 return, he noticing the dark “spokes” in Saturn’s B ring before the Voyager spacecraft imaged them, and determining the rotation period of the distant planet Uranus He received The Texas Star Party Omega Centauri Award for “advancing astronomy through observation, writing, and promotion, and for his love of the sky,” and the International Astronomical Union named asteroid 3637 O’Meara in his honor i P1: FXS/FGC P2: FXS 0521837049agg.xml CUUK347B-O’Meara September 8, 2006 17:6 ii P1: FXS/FGC P2: FXS 0521837049agg.xml CUUK347B-O’Meara September 8, 2006 17:6 DEEP-SKY COMPANIONS Hidden Treasures STEPHEN JAMES O’MEARA iii CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY PRESS Cambridge, New York, Melbourne, Madrid, Cape Town, Singapore, São Paulo Cambridge University Press The Edinburgh Building, Cambridge CB2 8RU, UK Published in the United States of America by Cambridge University Press, New York www.cambridge.org Information on this title: www.cambridge.org/9780521837040 © S J O’Meara 2007 This publication is in copyright Subject to statutory exception and to the provision of relevant collective licensing agreements, no reproduction of any part may take place without the written permission of Cambridge University Press First published in print format 2007 eBook (NetLibrary) ISBN-13 978-0-511-28518-9 ISBN-10 0-511-28666-X eBook (NetLibrary) hardback ISBN-13 978-0-521-83704-0 hardback ISBN-10 0-521-83704-9 Cambridge University Press has no responsibility for the persistence or accuracy of urls for external or third-party internet websites referred to in this publication, and does not guarantee that any content on such websites is, or will remain, accurate or appropriate P1: FXS/FGC P2: FXS 0521837049agg.xml CUUK347B-O’Meara September 8, 2006 17:6 To Donna, My jewel of the night Your beauty is incomparable To Daisy Duke such a joy, My little pot of gold at the end of the rainbow And in memory of Milky Way, Miranda-Pyewacket, and Pele If time is a treasure, we have been robbed Our love was priceless v P1: FXS/FGC P2: FXS 0521837049agg.xml CUUK347B-O’Meara September 8, 2006 17:6 Who wouldst not leave him in his wandering To seek for treasure in the jewelled skies ? Edgar Allan Poe Sonnet – To Science (Written in youth) vi P1: FXS/FGC P2: FXS 0521837049agg.xml CUUK347B-O’Meara September 8, 2006 17:6 Contents Preface Acknowledgments About this book The hidden treasures Appendix A Caroline Herschel: no ordinary eighteenth-century woman page ix xvi 17 545 barbara wilson Appendix B Hidden treasures: basic data 562 Appendix C Twenty additional hidden treasures 565 Appendix D Deep-sky lists: comparison table 566 Appendix E Photo credits 569 Index The treasure chest Contents 572 582 vii P1: FXS/FGC P2: FXS 0521837049agg.xml CUUK347B-O’Meara September 8, 2006 17:6 viii P1: FXS/FGC P2: FXS 0521837049agg.xml CUUK347B-O’Meara September 8, 2006 17:6 Preface We are all treasure hunters – storybook pirates searching for riches in the endless sea above Taking the helms of our telescopes, we lay a course among the stars with the sails of our imaginations open And what wonders await us as we make our way through the charted territories of the Milky Way: rich, open clusters of hot, young stars, some still swaddled in their nascent nebulosities; ancient globular clusters, the senior citizens of our galaxy, whose teeming suns are packed together like gold doubloons in a sea chest; there are galaxies too numerous to mention lurking beyond our forest of stars, living out their lives in various stages of evolution; and then there are the ghosts – the smoky shells of dying stars, whose very nature reminds us of the ultimate fate of our life-giving Sun These celestial treasures cannot be plundered They can only make us feel, as Joseph Conrad writes in his 1902 adventure novel, Heart of Darkness, “meditative, and fit for nothing but placid staring.” And there are jewels in the night almost too numerous to mention, some of which rarely get viewed by amateur astronomers That is why novel lists of neglected deep-sky objects are becoming increasingly popular among observers And that is why I created this book Hidden Treasures is the third title in my Deep-Sky Companions series – the other two books are Deep-Sky Companions: The Messier Objects and Deep-Sky Companions: The Caldwell Objects This latest work fills an important void It introduces skywatchers to Preface a new list of 109 deep-sky objects (all visible in small telescopes) not included in the Messier or Caldwell catalogs; 20 additional objects are also listed in Appendix C Some objects in the Hidden Treasures list are surprisingly bright – bright enough to make one ponder why they have been overlooked For instance, neither the Messier nor the Caldwell lists include NGC 2451, a 3rd-magnitude “open star cluster” in Puppis known since the seventeenth century; I place the words “open star cluster” in quotes because recent research has shown that this classic object is not a star cluster but an asterism, a chance grouping of stars (see Hidden Treasure 42) Nor the Messier and Caldwell lists include the 2nd-magnitude Coma Berenices Cluster, which Ptolemy cataloged as a “nebula” in the sixteenth century And as early as ad 964, Al Sufi described what we now call Brocchi’s “Cluster,” the famous Coathanger in Sagitta (yet another “cluster” turned asterism) To understand why these objects were not considered, we need to understand the purpose of the Messier and Caldwell catalogs ix P1: FYX/FGC P2: FXS 0521837049apxE.xml CUUK347B-O’Meara Hidden Treasure 51 Hidden Treasure 52 Hidden Treasure 53 Hidden Treasure 54 Hidden Treasure 55 Hidden Treasure 56 Hidden Treasure 57 Hidden Treasure 58 Hidden Treasure 59 Hidden Treasure 60 Hidden Treasure 61 Hidden Treasure 62 Hidden Treasure 63 Hidden Treasure 64 Hidden Treasure 65 Hidden Treasure 66 Hidden Treasure 67 Hidden Treasure 68 Hidden Treasure 69 Hidden Treasure 70 Hidden Treasure 71 Hidden Treasure 72 Hidden Treasure 73 Hidden Treasure 74 Hidden Treasure 75 Hidden Treasure 76 570 July 26, 2006 12:54 Adriana Sherman Almudena AlonsoHerrero et al / HST / ESA / NASA Digitized Sky Survey1 Digitized Sky Survey2 (Charles’ Oak) Michael Oates / Manchester Astronomical Society Digitized Sky Survey2 Digitized Sky Survey1 Digitized Sky Survey1 Digitized Sky Survey2 Digitized Sky Survey2 Digitized Sky Survey1 Hubble Heritage Team (STScI / NASA) Digitized Sky Survey2 Digitized Sky Survey2 Stephen James O’Meara Stephen James O’Meara Digitized Sky Survey1 Digitized Sky Survey1 Digitized Sky Survey1 Howard Bond / STScI / NASA Digitized Sky Survey1 High-Z Supernova Search Team / HST / NASA Digitized Sky Survey1 HST / NASA Digitized Sky Survey1 Digitized Sky Survey2 Digitized Sky Survey1 Digitized Sky Survey2 Digitized Sky Survey2 Digitized Sky Survey1 Digitized Sky Survey2 Digitized Sky Survey1 Digitized Sky Survey1 (Draco) Michael Oates / Manchester Astronomical Society Digitized Sky Survey2 Digitized Sky Survey2 Digitized Sky Survey1 Digitized Sky Survey2 Digitized Sky Survey2 Digitized Sky Survey1 Howard Bond / STScI / NASA Hidden Treasure 82 Digitized Sky Survey2 Hidden Treasure 83 Stephen James O’Meara Hidden Treasure 84 Digitized Sky Survey1 Hidden Treasure 85 Digitized Sky Survey1 Hidden Treasure 86 Digitized Sky Survey2 Hidden Treasure 87 Digitized Sky Survey1 Hidden Treasure 88 Digitized Sky Survey2 Hidden Treasure 89 Digitized Sky Survey2 Hidden Treasure 90 Digitized Sky Survey1 Hidden Treasure 91 Digitized Sky Survey1 Ivan King / NASA / ESA Hidden Treasures 92/93 Stephen James O’Meara Stephen James O’Meara Hidden Treasure 94 Digitized Sky Survey1 Hidden Treasure 95 Digitized Sky Survey2 Hidden Treasure 96 Digitized Sky Survey2 Hidden Treasure 97 Stephen James O’Meara Stephen James O’Meara Hidden Treasure 98 Digitized Sky Survey1 Hidden Treasure 99 Digitized Sky Survey2 Robert Rubin / Reginald Dufour / Matt Browning / Patrick Harrington / NASA Hidden Treasure 100 Digitized Sky Survey1 Hidden Treasure 101 Digitized Sky Survey2 Hidden Treasure 102 Stephen James O’Meara Hidden Treasure 103 Digitized Sky Survey1 Hidden Treasure 104 Digitized Sky Survey1 William B Latter / NASA Hidden Treasure 105 Stephen James O’Meara Hidden Treasure 106 Digitized Sky Survey1 Hidden Treasure 107 Digitized Sky Survey1 Hidden Treasure 108 Digitized Sky Survey1 Hidden Treasure 109 Digitized Sky Survey2 Hidden Treasure 77 Hidden Treasure 78 Hidden Treasure 79 Hidden Treasure 80 Hidden Treasure 81 Deep-Sky Companions: Hidden Treasures P1: FYX/FGC P2: FXS 0521837049apxE.xml CUUK347B-O’Meara July 26, 2006 12:54 APPENDIX A All by Stephen James O’Meara From the Digitized Sky Survey, Northern Hemisphere, courtesy of the Palomar Observatory and NASA/AURA/ STScI Use of these images is courtesy of the UK Schmidt Telescope (copyright in Appendix E Photo credits which is owned by the Particle Physics and Astronomy Research Council of the UK and the Anglo-Australian Telescope Board) and the Digitized Sky Survey created by the Space Telescope Science Institute, operated by AURA, Inc., for NASA, and is reproduced here with permission from the Royal Observatory Edinburgh 571 P1: FYX/FGC P2: FXS 0521837049ind.xml CUUK347B-O’Meara November 29, 2006 4:41 Index A View from a Distant Star, 227 Abell 779, 238 Acker, Agnes, Aitken, Robert Grant, 321 Albino Butterfly Nebula (NGC 2440), 204 Albuquerque Astronomical Society, 371 Alessi, Bruno, 533 Alessi J23407 +0757 (O’Meara 1), 530–534 Alexander, P., 316 al-Firuzabadi, 84, 85, 147 Al Halbah (Coma Berenices), 310 Allen, D A., 90 Allen, Richard H., 169, 500 Allen, Richard Hinckley, 5, 33, 106, 223 Aller, Lawrence, 322, 391, 448, 490 Alonso–Herrero, Almudena, 258 Alpha Persei Moving Cluster (Melotte 20), 83, 85, 131 Al-Sufi, ix, 76, 147, 480 Al-Sufi’s “Nebula” (Collinder 399), 479 Alter, George, 19, 23 Ambartsumian, Viktor A., 198 American Association of Variable Star Observers (AAVSO), 36 Anadarao, B G., 305 Anderson, Jim, 22 Anderson, Thomas David, 76 Aratos, 386, 507 Arbour, Ron, 246 Archinal, Brent A., 6, 24, 26, 29, 117, 132, 136, 147, 184, 210, 211, 215, 223, 226, 398, 402, 459, 468, 480, 486, 533 Ariadne’s Hair (Melotte 111), 308, 310 Arp 269, 316 Arp, Halton, xiv, 53, 68, 240 redshift argument, 68, 69 Asiago Astronomical Observatory, 510 asterisms Coathanger (Hidden Treasure 97), 416, 532 Drunken Pirate, 237, 243 False Cross, 252, 266 Frigate Bird, 115, 120 Hershey’s Kiss, 383 Juggler, 252 Kemble’s Cascade (Hidden Treasure 21), 113, 122 Little Ladle (O’Meara 1), 531 Little Lepus, 141 Martini Glass, 141 NGC 629, 390 572 NGC 6873 Sail of Corvus, 305 Astro-1, 126 Astro-2 Spacelab, 295 Astronomy with an Opera-Glass, 85 Asymptotic Giant Branch (AGB) Stars, 40, 516 Aunt Margaret’s Mirror (Hidden Treasure 29), 146, 149 Auwers, Arthur, 184, 423, 425 Avery, Captain, 197 Avery’s Island (NGC 2353), 197 Bailey, Solon Irving, 253, 414, 459 Balick, Bruce, 322, 419 Balloon and Gondola, 31 Barnard 30, 148 Barnard 33, 171 Barnard 77, 404, 406 Barnard 78 (Pipe Nebula), 404 Barnard 86 Barnard 160, 523 Barnard 161, 523 Barnard 168, 505 Barnard 348, 506 Barnard 349, 506 Barnard 367, 523 Barnard, Edward Emerson, 26, 27, 46, 433, 440 discoveries of, 433, 434, 481, 491 Barnard’s Loop, 433 Barnard’s Runaway Star (Hidden Treasure 87), 433 Barnard’s Star (Hidden Treasure 87), 432–436 Barrie, J M., 118, 462 Bastian, Ulrich, 209 Baume, G., 270 Bayeaux Tapestry, 161 Bayer, Johann, 56, 154, 159, 310 Begh, Ulugh, 147 Bekki, Kenji, 106 Bell, David, 349 Belloni, T., 500 Benetti, S., 490 Benitez, Narciso, 215 Berenice’s Bush, 310 Berenice’s Hair (Melotte 111), 308 “Berenice’s Lock,” 309 Berko, Erno, 246 Berlin Observatory, 184 Bernoulli, Johann, 374 BHe 42A, 270 BHe 42B, 270 Bigourdan, M Guillaume, 29, 415 Black Bart’s Hair (Melotte 111), 308, 314 Blackbeard, 433 black holes (supermassive) in NGC 1316, 79 in NGC 1365, 100 in NGC 2655, 241 in NGC 4699, 342 in NGC 5746, 369 in NGC 6503, 424 Black Swallowtail Butterfly Cluster (IC 4665), 414, 416 Blade and Pearl Galaxy (NGC 5746), 368 Block, Eugen, 95, 110 Blue Oyster Nebula, 120 Bok, Bart, 166 Bok Globules, 28, 166 Bond, George Phillips, 541 Bond’s Galaxy (NGC 7793), 541 Bonn Observatory, 89 Bonner Durchmusterung, 89 Bower, Gary, 342, 369 Box Nebula (NGC 6445), 419, 421 Brahe, Tycho, 310 Brakel, Albert, 254 Branchett, D., 19, 23 Brennon, P., 421 Brocchi, Dalmiro F., 480 Brocchi’s “Cluster” (Hidden Treasure 97), ix, 479, 480 Broken Heart Cluster (Hidden Treasure 2), 18 Bruhns, Carl Christian, 184 Bug Nebula (Caldwell 69), 401 Burnham, Robert, Jr., 34, 83, 84, 94, 149, 156, 189, 391, 404, 452, 481 Burning Bush Nebula (NGC 2024), 168 Buta, Ron, 110, 297, 318 Caldwell Catalog, ix, x California Nebula (NGC 1499), 89, 433 Callimachus, 309 Canada–France–Hawaii Telescope, 27 Canberra Astronomical Society, 36 Canis Major OB1 Association (CMa OB1 Association), 198 Canis Major R1 (CMa R1), 198 Captain Hook, 462, 463 Captain Hook Cluster (NGC 6633), 457, 462 Carey, Captain Samuel, 13 Carina OB1 Association, 270 Carney, B W., 475 Carroll, Lewis, 458 Castaway Cluster (NGC 6520), 438 Catalog of Isolated Galaxies, 424 Cave Nebula (Caldwell 9), 520 Cederblad 62 = NGC 2163 (Hidden Treasure 35), 174 Cederblad 90, 200 Cederblad, Sven, 176 Index P1: FYX/FGC P2: FXS 0521837049ind.xml CUUK347B-O’Meara November 29, 2006 Celestial Handbook, Burnham’s, 34 Celestial Jellyfish (NGC 1535), 125 Celestial Objects for Common Telescopes, 34 Cepheus OB1 Association, 527 Cepheus OB2 Association, 521 Cerro Tololo Inter-American Observatory, 79, 405 Chamberlain, Joseph Miles, Chameleon Nebula (IC 418), 142 Chandrasekhar, Subrahmanyan, 516 Chaney, Lon, 538 Chaple, Glenn, Jr., 414 Chavarria, C., 527 Christmas Tree Cluster (NGC 2264), 188, 189, 235 Claria, Juan Jose, 251, 254 Clark, Paul, 90 Clark, Roger, 64, 138 Clemens, M S., 316 Cleopatra’s Eye (NGC 1535), 125 Coal Car Cluster (NGC 1981), 152 Coalsack (Caldwell 99), 505 Coat Button Nebula (NGC 7008), 510, 512 Coathanger (Hidden Treasure 97), ix, x, 479, 499 Cobweb Cluster (Melotte 111), 308, 311 Cocoon Galaxy (NGC 4490), 316 Coe, Steve, 24, 70, 238, 352, 398, 411 Colas, Jules, 146 Collinder 69 (Hidden Treasure 29), 145–150 Collinder 72 (Hidden Treasure 31), 152–161 Collinder 84, 184 Collinder 135, 209 Collinder 140, 209 Collinder 147, 209 Collinder 332, 410 Collinder 399 (Hidden Treasure 97), 478–480 Collinder 465, 200 Collinder 466, 200 Collinder, Per Arne, 147, 157, 184, 215, 480 Collins, Peter, 515 Collins, Wilkie, 526 Colored Contacts Nebula, 141 Coma Berenices Cluster (HT 62), ix, 308, 460 Coma Berenices Cluster of Galaxies, 312 Coma–Sculptor Cloud of Galaxies, 312 Comet Borrelly–Brooks, 321 Comet C/1996 B2 (Hyakutake), 370 Index 4:41 Comet C/2002 C1 (Ikeya–Zhang), 526 Comet C/2002 V1 (NEAT), 531 Comet Halley, 161, 181 Comet Komorowski (NGC 404), 39 Comet of 1758, 534 Comet Planetary (NGC 1360), 94, 96 comets of 1843, 95 Cone Nebula, 189 Conon of Samos, 308 Conrad, Joseph, ix, 107 Cooper, Andrew, 472 Copeland, Leland, 189, 195, 235 Copenhagen Observatory, 160 Copernicus satellite, 222 Cordingly, David, 7, 12, 13, 157, 197, 429 Corwin, Hal, 29, 92, 186, 201, 263, 294 Coteau, Paul, Cowper, William, 436 Crab Cluster (NGC 7789), 536 Craigin, Murray, Critique of Practical Reason, 412 Cuestra, L., 391 Curtis, Heber, 299, 322, 420, 447 Cycle of Celestial Objects, 33 d’Arrest, Heinrich Louis, 40, 122, 128, 160, 170, 297 D’Auria, Tippy, 171 Dali, Salvadore, 302 dark matter, 369 Davies, Roger, 44 Davis, George A., Jr., 146 Dawes Limit, 476 Dead Man’s Chest (NGC 6520), 438, 440 Dead Sea, 189 Dead Zone, 359 Death Star, 405 de Ch´eseaux, Philippe Loys, 415, 458 and comet of 1746, 534 Defoe, Daniel, 438 de La Lande, Joseph Jerome le Francais, 492 de Vaucouleurs, Gerard, 68, 294 di Cicco, Dennis, 376 Dick, Thomas, 95 Dillon, Jamie, 59, 65 Dorpat Observatory, 95, 390, 447 double and multiple stars ADS 2984 AB, 117 Alnitak, 169 Beta Cygni (Albireo), 528 Delta Cepheii, 528 Delta Corvi, 306 Epsilon Coronae Australis, 475 Gamma Velorum, 222, 223 NGC 2202, 390 NGC 6648, 390 Sigma Cassiopeiae, 539 Sigma Orionis, 172 STF 519, 134 Struve 485, 117, 118 Struve 743, 154 Struve 745, 156 Struve 747, 156 Struve 750, 154 Struve 752, 156 Struve 848, 181 Struve 953, 191 Struve 2375 (Tweedledee and Tweedledum), 458 Struve 2816, 522 Double Cluster (Caldwell 14), 131, 132, 270, 461 Downes, Commodore, 275 Dragons, A Natural History, 57 Drake, Sir Francis, 220 Drenkham, Georg, 326 Drew, Nancy, 30 Dreyer, J L E., 46, 175, 188, 200, 201, 210, 253 Drinkwater, Michael, 106 Drymon, Kathleen, 136 Dunlop, James, 73, 80, 221, 231, 252, 254, 265, 270, 272, 286, 357, 363, 387, 398, 400, 410, 428, 459, 474, 542 Dupree, Andrea, 539 Dwarf Nebulae, 163 Easter Egg Double, 31 Eddington, Arthur, 85 Effelberg Radiotelescope, 327 Einstein satellite, 291 Eliot, T S., 482 elliptical galaxies description of, 44 evolution of, 44, 79 Embryo Nebula (NGC 1333), 89, 91 Emerald Eye Planetary, 447 Eratosthenes, 310 Eridanus Group of Galaxies, 68 Eskimo Nebula (Caldwell 39), 125 ESO 382–45, 353 Eta Carinae Nebula (Caldwell 92), 31, 252, 269, 364 Eta Cassiopeiae, 31 Evans, Rev Robert, 101 Everglades National Park, 359 Execution Dock, 157 Extreme Ultraviolet Explorer, 95 eye, the primitive response to star patterns, 114 Eye of God Galaxy, 67 573 P1: FYX/FGC P2: FXS 0521837049ind.xml CUUK347B-O’Meara November 29, 2006 Faberge Egg Galaxy (NGC 4605), 331, 333 Feinstein, A., 215, 401 Fetus Nebula (NGC 7008), 510, 512 Fiddlehead Galaxy (NGC 772), 52 Fiebelman, Walter A., 448, 490 Filippova, A A., 479 Fitzgerald, Pim, 95 Flaherty, Robert, 321 Flame Nebula (NGC 2024), 168 Flamsteed, John, 153 Flying Unicorn Cluster, 466 Flying Witch Cluster (Melotte 111), 308, 314 Fool’s Gold Galaxy (NGC 5866), 373 Fornax A, 78 Fornax Cluster of Galaxies compared to Virgo Cluster, 105 Fornax Cluster Survey, 105, 148, 159 Forte, J C., 401 47 Tucane, 452 Fox Head Cluster (NGC 6819), 484 Frame Galaxy (NGC 3621), 284, 287 Francesco, Paresce, 471 Frankenstein Galaxy (NGC 4605), 331 French, Sue, 190 Fresneau, A., 507 Frigate (pirate) Bird Cluster (NGC 6866), 494, 496 Froebrich, D., 521 Fullton, L Kellar, 431, 475 galaxies early classification as “spiral nebula,” 299 Galileo, 329 Gamma Cassiopeiae, 24 Gardiner’s Island (New York), 429 Gatewood, George G., 435 Geller, Margaret, 295 General History of the Pirates, 433, 439 Ghost Globular Cluster (NGC 5897), 381, 384 Ghost of Alnitak (NGC 2024), 168 Ghost of Blackwood Hall, The, 30 Ghost of Jupiter Nebula (NGC 1535), 125 Ghost of Mars Nebula, 404, 407 Ghost of Neptune Nebula (NGC 1535), 127 Giampapa, M S., 416 Gilpin (Barnard’s Star), 433, 436 Gingerich, Owen, 374, 484 Glanville, Joseph, 67 Gleizes, Francis, globular cluster systems, 105, 106 Glyn Jones, Kenneth, 7, 458, 480 Golden Earring (NGC 2547), 219 574 4:41 Gotha Observatory, 423 Gottingen Observatory, 484 Gottlieb, Steve, 142, 201 Goudfrooij, Paul, 79 Gow, John, 157 Graff 1, 459 Graff, K., 459 Gramer, Lew, 156 Grasburg, E., 342 Green, Dave A., 316 Green Mars Nebula (NGC 6818), 489 Green Rectangle, 514, 518 Gregory, R L., 14 Grillmair, Carl, 79 Grim Reaper, 173 Grim Reaper’s Horse (Barnard 33), 171 Gum 1, 200 Gum 30, 270 Gum, Colin S., 270 Gypsy Moth Cluster (NGC 5662), 363, 365 Gyulbudaghian 98, 171, 177 Haffner 18, 215 Haffner 19, 215 Hagrid’s Dragon (NGC 2301), 193, 195 Hairy Eyebrow Galaxy (NGC 4526), 326 Hall, Douglas S., 479 Halley, Edmund, 265 Hamlet, Prince of Denmark, 292 “Hansel and Gretel,” 468 Hansen, Todd, 287, 444 Harding, Karl Ludwig, 484 Hardy, Thomas, 505 Harris, William E., Harry Potter and the Golden Snitch (NGC 7380), 526, 529 Hartung, Ernst J., 67, 75, 128, 142, 169, 195, 199, 286, 338, 351, 357, 382, 398, 402, 407, 452, 476, 491 Harvard 16, 410 Harvard College Observatory, 90, 142, 160, 247, 365, 434, 515 Arequipa Station, 459 Hayne, William Hamilton, 476 Hazen, Martha, 444 HD 5005, 30, 31 HD 53367, 200 HD 55879, 199 HD 64315, 215, 216 HD 153919, 401 HD 206267, 521 HD 420888, 185 Heart and Dagger Cluster (NGC 2546), 230, 233 Heart of Darkness, ix Herbig, George, 164 Herbig–Haro objects, 164, 189 Heroes, The, 84 Herschel, Caroline, xiii, xv, 19–20, 22, 197, 415, 458, 484, 494, 496, 526, 536, 545–555 comet discoveries, 554–559 early life with William, 545–547 final days, 559, 560 nebula discoveries, 547–554 Herschel, John, 3, 4, 70, 73, 80, 105, 106, 154, 184, 189, 209, 211, 263, 296, 364, 393, 398, 400, 459, 475, 507, 536 Herschel, William, xiii, xv, 1, 4, 20, 27, 31, 33, 43, 62, 64, 90, 102, 128, 131, 137, 149, 153, 155–157, 159, 160, 163, 170, 180, 181, 184, 186, 188, 191, 199, 201, 206, 210, 214, 248, 256, 258, 263, 277, 279, 281, 287, 294, 296, 304, 316, 337, 343, 370, 381, 383, 406, 414, 459, 510, 512, 515, 527 and the nature of nebulae, 158, 474, 484, 494, 512 belief in the distance of stars and nebulae, 381, 382 Herschel’s Garnet Star (Mu Cepheii), 520, 524 Herschel’s Spiral Cluster (NGC 7789), 536, 538 Hertzsprung–Russell diagram, 251, 516 Hevelius, Johannes, 147, 235, 247, 274, 470, 499, 534 Hidden Treasures Catalog Creation of, xi–xv Hind’s Crimson Star (R Leporis), 143 Hipparchos, 507 Hipparcos satellite, 210, 211, 222, 313 Hirshfeld, Alan, 5, Hoare, Melvin G., 94 Hodierna, Giovanni Batista, 85, 86, 180, 184, 209, 480 Hogg, A R., 363 Hole, K T., 485 Honeycutt, Eric, 512 Hook Galaxy (NGC 4656), 336 Hooke, Robert, 53 Hoopskirt Cluster (IC 2488), 251, 254 Hopkins Ultraviolet Telescope, 126 Horae, 173 Horsehead Nebula (Barnard 33), 172 Hoskin, Michael, 19, 484, 494, 548 Houston, Walter Scott, 34, 44, 46, 70, 114, 117, 126, 172, 182, 258, 263, 276, 305, 332, 370, 375, 406, 460, 482 Hubble Deep Field, 331 Index P1: FYX/FGC P2: FXS 0521837049ind.xml CUUK347B-O’Meara November 29, 2006 Hubble, Edwin, 256, 274, 294, 299, 327, 447 Hubble Space Telescope (HST), 39–40, 63, 78, 79, 100, 142, 164, 168, 169, 189, 204, 207, 245, 257, 295, 305, 322, 326, 328, 331, 347, 392, 405, 424, 431, 435, 452, 453, 471, 489, 515, 518 Key Project on Extragalactic Distance Scale, 100, 285, 347 Huchra, John, 295 Hummingbird Galaxy (NGC 4656), 336, 339 Hunchback of Notre Dame, The, 538 Hurst, Guy, 487 Hyades (Caldwell 41), xi, 85, 136, 225, 226, 314, 460, 479 Hynes, Steven J., 6, 24, 26, 94, 117, 132, 136, 184, 210, 211, 215, 223, 226, 402, 459, 468, 480, 486, 514 Hyung, Seik, 448, 490 IC 129, 472 IC 342 (Caldwell 5), 120 IC 418 (Hidden Treasure 28), 140–144 IC 426, 163 IC 430, 163 IC 431, 163, 171 IC 432, 163, 171 IC 434, 171 IC 435, 163, 171 IC 1396, 520 IC 1590, 26, 29, 31 IC 1712 = NGC 584 (Hidden Treasure 6), 42–46 IC 2177, 199, 200 IC 2391 (Caldwell 91), 269 IC 2488 (Hidden Treasure 50), 250–254 IC 2581, 270 IC 3568 (Hidden Treasure 64), 120, 320–324 IC 4628, 396 IC 4665 (Hidden Treasure 83), 413–417, 479 IC 4756 (Hidden Treasure 93), 137, 464, 466 I’d Live It Again, 30 Idylls of the King, 154 Immortal Fire Within, The, 27 Infrared Astronomical Satellite (IRAS), 317, 515, 527 International Ultraviolet Explorer (IUE), 95, 222 Iota’s Ghost (NGC 5102), 351 Jacoby, George H., 431 Jeffries, Rob, 460 Jewel Box Cluster (Caldwell 94), 269 Index 4:41 Johnson, Captain, 433, 439 Johnson, Jane, 436 Jolly Roger, 508 Jolly Roger Cluster (NGC 1502), 113, 118 Jones, Kenneth Glyn, 147, 415 Journal for the History of Astronomy, 19, 23 Kacprzak, G K., 378 Kahanpaa, Jere, 472 Kang, Yung-Woo, 485 Kant, Immanuel, 412 Karachentsev, I D., 424 Katzman Automatic Imaging Telescope, 54 Keck II telescope, 248 Keeler, James, 299 Keene, Carolyn, 30 Keepsake, The, 149 Kemble (Hidden Treasure 21), 113, 122 Kemble, Lucien J., 114 Kemble’s Cascade (Hidden Treasure 21), 113, 114, 120, 439, 534 KH 15D, 191 Khromov, Gabriel, 420 Kidd, Captain, 157, 429 Kidd’s Creek (Kemble 1), 113, 118 Kilauea, 2, 182 King Hamlet’s Ghost Galaxy (NGC 3628), 289, 292 Kingsley, Charles, 84, 85 Kiss Nebula (NGC 2440), 204, 207 Knisley, David, 201, 523 Kohoutek, Lubos, 94, 420, 511 Konigsberg Observatory, 423 Kormendy, John, 300 Krumenaker, Larry, 172 Kunowsky, Georg Karl Friedrich, 170 Kushida, Reiki, 261 Kwok, Sun, 95, 121, 204, 205, 419, 517 Lacaille, Abbe Nicolas Louis de, xiii, 221, 230, 252, 265, 270, 355, 363, 396 and nebulae classification, 252 Lafitte’s Grand Isle, 26 “Lagoon, The,” 107 Lambda Orionis Cluster (Collinder 69), 146 Landseer, John, 311 Lapasset, E., 226 Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC), 132, 258, 294 Lassell, William, 126 Latter, William B., 515 Layton, Chuck, 22 LBN 1036, 199 LDN 38, 178 LDN 1574, 176 Lee, Paul, 322 Le Gentil, Guillaume, 458 Leonard, Douglas, 262 Leviathan of Parsonstown, 39, 349 Levy, David, 6, 287, 339 Li, W., 54 Lick Observatory, 90, 299, 321 Life of the Bee, The, 226 LINER (Low-Ionization Nuclear Emission-line Region), 361, 424 Lips Nebula (NGC 2024), 168 Little Beehive (IC 4665), 414 Little Cloud of Pirates (Melotte 20), 83, 86 Little Gem Nebula (NGC 6818), 489 Little Ghost Nebula, 404, 405 Little Jewel Box (NGC 3293), 269 Little Lips Nebula (NGC 2440), 204 Little Pinwheel Galaxy (NGC 3184), 261, 263 Little Pleiades, 180, 182 Little Scorpion Cluster (NGC 5281), 355 Little Spindle Galaxy (NGC 584), 43 Llapasset, Jean-Marie, 54 Lobel, Alex J R., 539 Local Bubble, 232 Local Interstellar Medium, 232 Local Void, 423, 426 Long John Silver Cluster (NGC 6400), 409, 411 Lopez, R J., 311 Lorenzin, Tomm, 90 Lortet-Zuckerman, 511 Lost-in-Space Galaxy (NGC 6503), 423, 424 Lost Jewel of Orion (Collinder 72), 152 Lost Pearl Galaxy (NGC 404), 38, 64 “Lucy,” 189 Lucyk, James, Luginbuhl, Christian B., 6, 46, 81, 90, 111, 117, 126, 166, 195, 207, 211, 236, 243, 263, 297, 319, 333, 338, 348, 398, 402, 407, 425, 445, 475, 486 Lynds 896, 505 M1 (Crab Nebula), xi, 19, 53, 314, 337, 534 M2, 388, 429, 534 M4, 95, 476 M5, 368 M6, 400, 430 M7, xiii, 33, 67, 138, 351, 387, 397, 400, 401, 430, 431 M8, 438, 443 M11, 470 575 P1: FYX/FGC P2: FXS 0521837049ind.xml CUUK347B-O’Meara November 29, 2006 M13, 1, 388, 390 M16, 443 M20, 438, 443 M21, 443 M22, 444 M23, 421, 438 M24, 421, 438 M25, 438 M26, 470 M27, 404, 499 M31, 14, 63, 101, 256, 352, 384 M32, 351 M33, 52, 542 M34, 63, 65, 131, 132 M39, 132 M40, 133, 147, 247, 323, 511, 533 M41, 67 M42, 31, 117, 153, 164, 185 M43, 153 M44, 225, 460 M45, 52, 354–357, 479 M46, 205, 225 M47, 225 M48, 225 M49, 326 M50, 193 M51, 52, 280, 349 M54, 452 M55, 384 M56, 383 M57, 75, 90, 96, 123, 126, 323, 391, 393, 404, 447, 516 M64, 308 M65, 289, 346 M66, 289 M67, 485 M69, 452 M70, 452 M71, 35, 210 M72, 126, 133 M73, 126, 138 M74, 52, 54, 69 M75, 452 M76, 122 M77, 44 M78, 163, 177, 321 M81, 296 M82, 58, 291, 296, 334, 339 M83, 284 M84, 105 M86, 105 M88, 317 M90, 343 M91, 52 M92, 390 M95, 110 M98, 52, 299, 339, 360 M99, 52, 299, 317, 379 M100, 67, 317, 379 M101, 263, 347, 379 576 4:41 M102, xv M103, 48 M104, 341 M108, 52, 279, 331, 339 M109, 52 m & m Double Cluster, 130, 132 MacKenty, John, 295 Macri, Lucas M., 246 MacRobert, Alan M., 132, 133, 154, 190, 417 Maeterlinck, Maurice, 226 Magic Pentagram Cluster, 130, 134 main sequence, 251 Makamoto, Tokuo, 263 Malin, David, 397 Mallas, John H., 489 Malus (NGC 2547), 219, 223 Manilius, Gaius (or Marcus), 147, 153 Marseille Observatory, 175, 514 Martin, R., 60 Maskelyne, Rev Dr., 526 Mauna Kea, 339, 461 Mauna Loa, 143 McCarthy, Owen, 349 MCG-4–6–36, 58 McNeil, Jay, 177, 321, 449 McNeil’s Nebula, 177, 321 Mechain, Pierre, 279, 290, 391 and M102 controversy, 373–377 Melotte 20 (Hidden Treasure 14), 82–87, 131 Melotte 111 (Hidden Treasure 62), 307–314, 346 Melotte, P J., 85, 311 “Merlin and Vivien,” 154, 155 Mermaid’s Purse (NGC 1977), 153, 161 Merope Nebula (IC 349), 89 Messier Catalog, ix–x Messier, Charles, 279, 314, 391, 392, 410, 414, 458, 459, 533 and M102 controversy, 373–377 Messier, Mark, 336 Messier’s Hockey Stick (NGC 4656), 336 Meteor Showers Leonid (1833), 95 Milky Way Galaxy Sagittarius–Carina spiral arm, 396 Minkowski, Rudolph, 94, 204, 322 Mirach’s Ghost, 38, 39 Miraldi, Jean-Dominique, II, 534 Misty Clover Nebula (Trumpler 37), 520 Mitchell, Larry, xv, 4, 107, 214, 296, 336, 339, 341, 368, 409, 450, 461 Moench, Randy, 522, 524 Monocerotis OB1 Association (Mon R1), 189 Monteiro, Hektor, 405 Montenegro, L Verrdes, 275 Moore, M., 54 Moore, Patrick Caldwell, 34, 67, 188, 474, 499 Moth Wing Cluster (NGC 6281), 400 Mothra Cluster (NGC 6940), 499, 502 Motta, Mario, 528 Motz, Lloyd, Mount Wilson Observatory, 90 Mullaney, James, 39, 128, 131, 466, 523, 528 Munday, Anthony, 460 Muthu, C., 305 Mythology of Cetus, 56, 57 of Charles’ Oak (Robur Carolinum), 265 of, 506 of Coma Berenices, 308–311 of “Jason and the Argonauts,” 219, 223 of Lupus, 386 of Lynx, 235 of Monoceros, 193–194 of Orion’s Head, 146, 147 of Perseus and Andromeda, 83, 84 of Scutum, 470 Tahitian, 166 of Vela of Vulpecula Nagler, Al, Nathanson, Carol, Navigium Praedatorium, 221 Neimela, Virpi S., 342 Nero, 223 Newton, Jack, 171 NGC 55 (Caldwell 72), 336 NGC 134, xiii NGC 188 (Caldwell 1), 19, 520 NGC 189, 24 NGC 219, 541 NGC 223, 541 NGC 247 (Caldwell 62), 34, 334 NGC 253 (Caldwell 65), 34, 257, 291, 542 NGC 281 (Hidden Treasure 3), 25–27, 34 NGC 288 (Hidden Treasure 4), 32–36, 384 NGC 300, 542 NGC 362 (Caldwell 104), 36 NGC 381, 19, 23 NGC 391, 541 NGC 404 (Hidden Treasure 5), xi, 37–41, 43, 334, 351 NGC 488, 424 Index P1: FYX/FGC P2: FXS 0521837049ind.xml CUUK347B-O’Meara November 29, 2006 NGC 584 = IC 1712 (Hidden Treasure 6), 42–46 NGC 586, 45, 54 NGC 596, 45 NGC 600, 45 NGC 615, 46 NGC 629, 390 NGC 636, 46 NGC 654, 48 NGC 659 (Hidden Treasure 7), 47–50 NGC 663 (Caldwell 10), 48, 117, 538 NGC 752 (Caldwell 28), 539 NGC 770, 53 NGC 772 (Hidden Treasure 8), 51–54 NGC 891 (Caldwell 23), 62, 368 NGC 908 (Hidden Treasure 9), 55–60 NGC 1023 (Hidden Treasure 10), 61–65 NGC 1023A, 63, 65 NGC 1187, 68 NGC 1232 (Hidden Treasure 11), 66–71, 80 NGC 1232A, 68, 71 NGC 1291 (Hidden Treasure 12), xiii, 72–76 NGC 1300, 68, 99 NGC 1316 (Hidden Treasure 13), 77–81, 105 NGC 1317, 80 NGC 1333 (Hidden Treasure 15), xi, 88–92 NGC 1360 (Hidden Treasure 16), xi, 93–97, 110, 121 NGC 1365 (Hidden Treasure 17), 98–102, 105 NGC 1365:A, 100 NGC 1398 (Hidden Treasure 19), 68, 108–111, 423 NGC 1399 (Hidden Treasure 18), 103–107 NGC 1404 (Hidden Treasure 20), 111 NGC 1407, 68 NGC 1501 (Hidden Treasure 22), 119–123 NGC 1502 (Hidden Treasure 23), 112–118 NGC 1528 (Hidden Treasure 25), 129–134 NGC 1535 (Hidden Treasure 24), 124–128 NGC 1545 (Hidden Treasure 26), 130–134 NGC 1647 (Hidden Treasure 27), xi, 135–139 NGC 1741, 175 NGC 1851 (Caldwell 73), 36 NGC 1893, 117 NGC 1973, 160, 163 NGC 1975, 160, 163 Index 4:41 NGC 1977 (Hidden Treasure 32), 153–161 NGC 1977 complex, 157–161 NGC 1981 (Hidden Treasure 30), 151–161 NGC 1999 (Hidden Treasure 33), 162–166 NGC 2023, 171 NGC 2024 (Hidden Treasure 34), xi, 167–171 NGC 2064, 163 NGC 2067, 163 NGC 2071, 163 NGC 2163 = Cederblad 62 (Hidden Treasure 35), xi, 174 NGC 2169 (Hidden Treasure 36), 31, 179–182 NGC 2174, 184 NGC 2175 (Hidden Treasure 37), 183–186 NGC 2194, 180 NGC 2202, 390 NGC 2237–8,46 (Caldwell 49), 188 NGC 2244 (Caldwell 50), 188, 193, 194 NGC 2261 (Caldwell 46), 177, 188 NGC 2264 (Hidden Treasure 38), 187–191, 193, 198, 230 NGC 2301 (Hidden Treasure 39), 192–195, 198 NGC 2327, 201 NGC 2335, 200 NGC 2343, 200 NGC 2349, 197 NGC 2353 (Hidden Treasure 40), 196–202 NGC 2403 (Caldwell 7), 120, 285 NGC 2419 (Caldwell 25), 235 NGC 2432, 207 NGC 2438, 205 NGC 2440 (Hidden Treasure 41), 203–207 NGC 2451 (Hidden Treasure 42), ix, 208–212, 230 NGC 2467 (Hidden Treasure 43), 213–217 NGC 2477 (Caldwell 71), 211 NGC 2539 (Hidden Treasure 45), 224–228 NGC 2546 (Hidden Treasure 46), 229–233 NGC 2547 (Hidden Treasure 44), 218 NGC 2655 (Hidden Treasure 48), 120, 239–243 NGC 2683 (Hidden Treasure 47), 234–238 NGC 2832, 238 NGC 2841 (Hidden Treasure 49), 244–249, 280, 341 NGC 2903,05 (Hidden Treasure 51), 255–259, 263, 274, 280 NGC 2916, 259 NGC 3114, 269 NGC 3115 (Caldwell 53), 45 NGC 3180, 263 NGC 3181, 263 NGC 3184 (Hidden Treasure 52), 260–263, 274, 276 NGC 3195 (Caldwell 109), 120 NGC 3228 (Hidden Treasure 53), 264–267 NGC 3242 (Caldwell 59), 284 NGC 3293 (Hidden Treasure 54), 268–272 NGC 3324, 272 NGC 3344 (Hidden Treasure 55), 273–277, 280 NGC 3521 (Hidden Treasure 56), 278–282, 290 NGC 3532 (Caldwell 91), 227, 269 NGC 3621 (Hidden Treasure 57), 274, 283–287 NGC 3628 (Hidden Treasure 58), 288–292 NGC 4038–9 (Caldwell 60 & 61), 58, 258, 304 NGC 4206, 302 NGC 4214 = NGC 4228 (Hidden Treasure 59), 293–297 NGC 4216 (Hidden Treasure 60), 298–302 NGC 4222, 302 NGC 4228 = NGC 4214, 296 NGC 4244 (Caldwell 26), 296 NGC 4245, 313 NGC 4251, 313 NGC 4274, 313 NGC 4278, 313 NGC 4283, 313 NGC 4314, 313 NGC 4361 (Hidden Treasure 61), 303–306 NGC 4402, 423 NGC 4448, 313 NGC 4485, 13, 316 NGC 4488, 329 NGC 4490 (Hidden Treasure 63), 13, 14, 315–319 NGC 4494, 313 NGC 4518 A + B, 329 NGC 4526 (Hidden Treasure 65), 325–329 NGC 4535, 329 NGC 4559, 313 NGC 4565 (Caldwell 38), 308, 313, 346, 368 NGC 4605 (Hidden Treasure 66), 330–334 577 P1: FYX/FGC P2: FXS 0521837049ind.xml CUUK347B-O’Meara November 29, 2006 NGC 4631 (Caldwell 32), 337, 339 NGC 4656 (Hidden Treasure 67), 335–339 NGC 4657, 337 NGC 4697 (Caldwell 52), 344 NGC 4699 (Hidden Treasure 68), 340–344, 369 NGC 4725 (Hidden Treasure 69), 345–349 NGC 4739, 344 NGC 4770, 344 NGC 5078, 369 NGC 5102 (Hidden Treasure 70), 350–353 NGC 5128 (Caldwell 77), 78 NGC 5281 (Hidden Treasure 71), 354–357 NGC 5286, xi NGC 5316, 355 NGC 5338, 361 NGC 5348, 361 NGC 5356, 361 NGC 5360, 361 NGC 5363 (Hidden Treasure 72), 358–361, 368 NGC 5364, 359 NGC 5366, 541 NGC 5373, 361 NGC 5584, 27 NGC 5662 (Hidden Treasure 73), 362–366 NGC 5738, 370 NGC 5740, 369, 370 NGC 5746 (Hidden Treasure 74), 367–371 NGC 5866 (Hidden Treasure 75), xv, 240, 372–379 and M102 controversy NGC 5879, 377 NGC 5897 (Hidden Treasure 76), 380–384 NGC 5907, xiii, 377 NGC 5986 (Hidden Treasure 77), 385–388 NGC 6124 (Caldwell 75), 401 NGC 6210 (Hidden Treasure 78), 389–394, 419, 448 NGC 6231 (Caldwell 76), 396, 397, 401 NGC 6242 (Hidden Treasure 79), 395–398 NGC 6256, 402 NGC 6281 (Hidden Treasure 80), 399–402 NGC 6369 (Hidden Treasure 81), 403–407, 489 NGC 6400 (Hidden Treasure 82), 408–412, 431 NGC 6440, 421 578 4:41 NGC 6441 (Hidden Treasure 86), 13, 427–431, 455 NGC 6445 (Hidden Treasure 84), 418–421 NGC 6503 (Hidden Treasure 85), 422–426 NGC 6520 (Hidden Treasure 88), 437–441 NGC 6544 (Hidden Treasure 89), 442–445 NGC 6572 (Hidden Treasure 90), 390, 446–450 NGC 6624 (Hidden Treasure 91), 429, 451–455 NGC 6633 (Hidden Treasure 92), 225, 456–464, 479 NGC 6648, 390 NGC 6709 (Hidden Treasure 94), 465–468, 479 NGC 6712 (Hidden Treasure 95), 469–472 NGC 6723 (Hidden Treasure 96), 400, 473–477 NGC 6729 (Caldwell 68), 474 NGC 6749, 482 NGC 6791, 132, 423 NGC 6818 (Hidden Treasure 99), 488–492 NGC 6819 (Hidden Treasure 98), 466, 483–487 NGC 6822 (Caldwell 57), 433 NGC 6866 (Hidden Treasure 100), 493–497 NGC 6871, 390 NGC 6873, 390 NGC 6882, 479 NGC 6885 (Caldwell 37), 479, 499 NGC 6939, 520 NGC 6940 (Hidden Treasure 101), 498–502 NGC 6946, 520 NGC 7008 (Hidden Treasure 103), 509–512 NGC 7009 (Caldwell 55), 102 NGC 7023 (Caldwell 4), 520 NGC 7027 (Hidden Treasure 104), 205, 513–518 NGC 7076, 158, 159 NGC 7293 (Caldwell 63), 484 NGC 7331 (Caldwell 30), 514 NGC 7380 (Hidden Treasure 106), 525–529 NGC 7692, 541 NGC 7742, 532 NGC 7743, 532 NGC 7789 (Hidden Treasure 108), 535–539 NGC 7793 (Hidden Treasure 109), 540–544 Nicholson, Thomas D., Nobeyama Millimeter Array, 290 North America Nebula (Caldwell 20), 507 North Galactic Pole, 312, 346 Northern Coalsack (Hidden Treasure 102), 503–505, 510 “O-bah-bahm-wawa-ge-zhe-goqua” (Barnard’s Star), 433, 436 Observing Techniques averted vs foveal vision, 13–15 of Barbary-type observers, 13 efficient use of magnification, 12–15 of the Pirates-of-the-Caribbeantype, 13–15 seeing the central star of planetaries, 127, 128 time spent behind the eyepiece, 12, 13 Ochsenbein, Francois, O’Connell, 349 Octopus Cluster (NGC 6819), 484 O’Hanlon, Tony, 349 Olcott, William T., 149, 169 Olcott, William Tyler, 505 Ojibway Indians, 436 O’Meara (Hidden Treasure 107), 530–534 O’Meara, Donna, x, 3, 136, 479 O’Meara, Lieutenant-Colonel E J., 30 O’Meara, Stephen James, 548 early life and city lights, 11 experience at Birr Castle in Ireland, 349 and experiences under dark, Hawaiian skies, 11–12 eyepieces used by, observations of Ring Nebula (M57), 90 and Observing site, and 34 -inch Ross of London telescope, and 4-inch Tele Vue Genesis refractor, 2–3 Omega Centauri (Caldwell 80), 63, 351, 382, 388 Omicron Velorum Cluster (Caldwell 84), 252 One Piece (NGC 2024), 168, 171 Orion B Molecular Cloud Complex, 168 Orion dark cloud (Orion A), 164 Orion Nebula cluster, 85 Orion OB1 Association, 158 Oyster Nebula (NGC 1501), 120 Index P1: FYX/FGC P2: FXS 0521837049ind.xml CUUK347B-O’Meara November 29, 2006 Pacman Nebula (Hidden Treasure 3), 26, 31 Palomar 10, 482 Parsamian 34, 164, 166 Parsons, William Brendan, 349 Pasterfield, Dunstan, 462, 463 Pavlovskaya, E D., 479 Payne–Gaposchkin, Cecelia, 251 Pazmino, John, 534 Pazmino’s Cluster (Stock 23), 534 “peanut” galaxies, 290, 368 Pelican Nebula, 506 Peltier, Leslie, 172 Perek, Lubos, 511 Perinotto, Mario, 94 Perseus Lenticular (NGC 1023), 62 Perth Astronomy Research Group, 60 Peter Pan, 118 Phantom Cluster (NGC 6400), 409, 410 Phantom of the Opera, The, 538 Phantom Tiara (NGC 1333), 89, 91 Phillips, J P., 390 Pic du Midi, 90 Pickering, Edward C., 142, 154 Pink Pillow Nebula (NGC 7027), 514, 516 Pirate Moon, 136 Pirate Moon Cluster (NGC 1647), 136 Pirate’s Graveyard, 171 Pirates’ Own Book, The, 7, 275, 314 Pirate’s Paradise, 197, 200 Pismis, P., 185 Pit and the Pendulum, The, 78 PK 353–05.1, 431 Planet Krypton Nebula, 447, 450 planetary nebulae in IC 2488, 254 interacting winds theory, 95 overall symmetric structure of, 419, 420 Planets, Stars, and Space, Platais, Imants, 210 Pleiades (M45), 48, 52, 85, 89, 210, 311, 364, 479 Pliny the Elder, 56, 147 Poe, Edgar Allan, e.1, 78 Pommier, Rod, 22 Pompei, E., 236, 243 Pope, Alexander, 309 Pothier, Yann, 324 Prevost, Roland, 237, 243 Prosser, Charles, 86 proto-planetary nebula, 205, 516 Ptolemy, 76, 147, 310 Ptolemy III of Egypt, 308 Pulkova Observatory, 390 Index 4:41 Puppis Moving Group (NGC 2451-A / B), 210 Puppis OB1 Association, 215 Puppis OB2 Association, 215 Purton, Chris, 95 Queen’s Cache Cluster (NGC 3228), 265, 266 Queen’s Garden, The, 49 Raab, Sigfrid, 137 Ragazzoni, R., 121 Ransom, Scott M., 444 “Rape of the Lock, The,” 309, 310 Rappaport, Barry, Raspberry Nebula, 141 RCW 44, 254 Regor, 223 Revised Morphological Galaxy Classification System, 274 Rey, H A., 57, 466 Richtler, Tom, 326 Ridpath, Ian, Roberts, Bartholomew (Black Bart), 314 Roberts, Isaac, 200 Robert’s Nebula, 201 Robinson Crusoe, 438 Robinson, Marsha, 410 Robur Carolinum (Charles’ Oak), 265 Roden, Bridget, 349 ROSAT satellite, 86, 291, 416, 424, 501 Roser, Siegfried, 209 Rosette Nebula, 433 Ross of London telescope, Rosse, Lord, 39, 122, 128, 131, 249, 256, 263, 348, 393 Rowling, J K., 195 Rubber Stamp Nebula, 163, 164 Rubin, Robert H., 489 Running Man Cluster (NGC 1545), 130, 134 Running Man Nebula (NGC 1977), 153, 161 Ruphrect, 411 Sabbadin, F., 510 Sagar, Ram, 364, 468 Sagot, R., 96 Sailboat Cluster (Hidden Treasure 2), 18, 21–22 Saint Peter’s Cross (NGC 2547), 219, 223 Sandage, Allan R., 337 Sanner, J., 357 Sarajedini, Ata, 384 Scaurus, Marcus Aemilius, 56 Schart, William L., 22 Schjellerup, H C F C., 480 Schonfeld, Eduard, 89 Scorpius–Centaurus Association, 215 Scorpius OB1 Association, 396, 397 Scott, Sir Walter, 149 Screaming Skull Cluster (NGC 7789), 536, 537 Scutum Star Cloud, 470 Seagull Nebula (IC 2177), 199, 200 Secchi, Angelo, 75, 393 Secret Garden Cluster, 457 Segment of Perseus, 83, 84 Selkirk, Alexander, 439 Serviss, Garrett P., 85, 148, 311, 505, 506 Seurat, Georges, 404 Seyfert and Seyfert-like Galaxies NGC 1365, 100 NGC 2655, 241 NGC 2841, 245 NGC 4699, 342 NGC 5363, 361 NGC 6503, 424 Shakespeare, William, 292 Shanonside Astronomy Club, 349 Shapley, Harlow, 85, 227, 302 Sharpless 2–142, 527 Sharpless 2–252, 185 Sharpless 2–331 (NGC 2467), 214 Sheehan, William, 27, 90, 434, 440 Shopping Cart Cluster (NGC 2169), 180, 182 Shostak, Seth, 424 Shuker, Karl, 57 Sil’chenko, O K., 241, 300 Silver Nugget Cluster (NGC 6441), 428, 430 Silver Streak Galaxy (NGC 4216), 299 Sinnott, Roger W., 5, Skiff, Brian A., 6, 46, 64, 81, 90, 111, 117, 126, 166, 176, 195, 207, 211, 236, 243, 263, 297, 319, 333, 338, 348, 398, 402, 407, 425, 445, 476, 479, 486 Sky Observer’s Guide, The, Sliced Lime Nebula (IC 3568), 321 Sliced Onion Galaxy (NGC 3344), 274 Slotegraaf, Auke, 411 Small Magellanic Cloud, 336 Smyth, Adm William Henry, 22, 33, 44, 54, 64, 67, 84, 117, 122, 149, 154, 156, 169, 182, 190, 195, 199, 206, 227, 256, 277, 281, 290, 301, 310, 332, 374, 382, 393, 491, 536, 539 Snail Cluster (Hidden Treasure 97), 479 579 P1: FYX/FGC P2: FXS 0521837049ind.xml CUUK347B-O’Meara November 29, 2006 Snow Collar Galaxy (NGC 1291), 73, 75 Soledad del Rio, Maria, 40 South Galactic Pole, 34 Special Astrophysical Observatory, 63 Spider Spit Cluster (NGC 3293), 269, 271 Spirograph Nebula (IC 418), 141 Spitzer Space Telescope, 521 Staal, Julius, 5, 220, 310, 500 Star Names, 33 Starburst Galaxies NGC 908, 58 NGC 1365, 100 NGC 3521, 280 NGC 3628, 290 NGC 4216, 300 Starfish Cluster (NGC 6544), 443 Stargazer, 349 Stauffer, John R., 86 Stephan, Edouard Jean-Marie, 175, 185, 514 Stephan’s Quintet, 514 Stevenson, Robert Louis, 1, 86, 411, 544 Stinging Scorpion (NGC 2451), 209–211 Stock 24, 20 Street, R A., 485 Strickland, David K., 291 String of Pearls Cluster (IC 2488), 251 Stromboli, 121 Struve, Wilhelm, 117, 149, 169, 182, 390, 447 Students for Exploration of Space, 376 Subramaniam, Annapurni, 468 Sugar Pops Nebula, 514 Summer Beehive (IC 4665), 414 Supernovae in Lupus, 515 1912a (in NGC 2841), 246 1921b (in NGC 3184), 262 1921c (in NGC 3184), 262 1937f (in NGC 3184), 262 1940b (in NGC 4725), 347 1948a (in NGC 4699), 342 1954a (in NGC 4214), 296 1957a (in NGC 2841), 246 1957c (in NGC 1365), 101 1969e (in NGC 4526), 329 1969h (in NGC 4725), 347 1972r (in NGC 2841), 246 1980n (in NGC 1316), 81 1981d (in NGC 1316), 81 1982f (in NGC 4490), 319 1983k (in NGC 4699), 342 1983p (in NGC 5746), 370 580 4:41 1983v (in NGC 1365), 101 1994ai (in NGC 908), 60 1994d (in NGC 4526), 326 1996n (in NGC 1398) 1999by (in NGC 2841), 246 1999gi (in NGC 3184), 261 1999gs (in NGC 4725), 347 2001du (in NGC 1365), 101 2003hl (in NGC 772), 54 2003iq (in NGC 772), 54 Swift, Lewis, 95 Tagliaferri, G., 501 Taj Mahal, 30, 31 Tank Tracks Nebula, 168, 171 Taurus Poniatovii, 435, 461 Tennyson, Lord Alfred, 154 Terzian, Yervant, 205 Texereau, J., 96 “The Dish” Cluster (NGC 2539), 225 Theoretician’s Planetary (IC 3568), 321 Thirteenth Pearl Nebula (NGC 1999), 163 Thirty-Seven Cluster (NGC 2169), 180, 182 Thisbe’s Veil (Melotte 111), 308 Thompson, Gregg D., 96 Through the Looking Glass, 458, 464 Tiger’s Eye Galaxy, 245, 248 Tikhonov, N A., 38 Tombaugh, Clyde, 434 Tory, Geoffroy, 173 Trapezium, 180, 182, 185, 269, 521 Treasure Island, 1, 86, 411, 544 Trouvelot, Etienne Leopold, 365 Trumpler 1, 48 Trumpler 24, 396, 397 Trumpler 37, 519–524 Trumpler, R J., 311 Tubridy, Michael, 349 Tully, R Brent, 7, 38, 43, 74, 240, 262, 326, 361, 424 Turner, D G., 270 Turtle Nebula (NGC 6210), 390 Tuttle, Horace P., 90, 92 Tweedledee Cluster, 457 Tweedledum Cluster (NGC 6633), 457 Two on a Tower, 505 2MASS satellite, 521 UFO Galaxy (NGC 2683), 235, 236, 243 Ultraviolet Imaging Telescope (UIT), 295 Under the Black Flag, 7, 12, 157, 197, 429 Ursa Major Cluster, 314 Van de Kamp, Peter, 435 van den Bergh 93, 200, 201 van den Bergh–Haffner 23 (vdB-Ha 23), 231 van den Bergh, Sidney, 201 van Lanndingham, Franklin G., 479 Vanishing Galaxy (NGC 3628), 289, 292 variable stars CW Leonis, 516 Delta Cepheii, 520 DH Cepheii, 527, 528 FG Vulpeculae, 501 KX Orionis, 160 Mu Cepheii, 520, 524 R Leporis, 143 R Sculptoris, 36 R Virginis, 328 Rho Cassiopeiae, 539 RZ Fornacis, 96, 109 S Fornacis, 96, 109 S Monocerotis, 189 S Sculptoris, 36 S Ursae Majoris, 332 SZ Camelopardalis, 117 SZ Tauri, 139 T Tauri stars, 521 T Ursae Majoris, 332 U Sagittae, 482 V 380 Cygni, 486 V 380 Orionis, 164 V Centauri, 363 V Velorum, 254 W Canis Majoris, 201 W Cepheii, 528 Vazquez, R., 304, 420 Vela OB2 Association, 222 Very Large Array, 169, 290, 542 Very Large Telescope, 285, 470 View from a Distant Star, The, 302 Vinyl LP Galaxy, 341, 344 Wallace, Kent, 123, 512 Warner, H H., 26 Warner prize, 26 Wasp-Waist Cluster (NGC 6633), 457, 462 Watson, Fred, 349 Weaver’s Shuttle Galaxy (NGC 4216), 299 Webb, Rev Thomas W., 22, 34, 39, 67, 122, 127, 131, 137, 149, 156, 157, 169, 170, 195, 206, 227, 256, 290, 301, 317, 332, 393, 463, 467, 515, 536 Welch, G A., 378 Index P1: FYX/FGC P2: FXS 0521837049ind.xml CUUK347B-O’Meara November 29, 2006 Westerbork Synthesis Radio Telescope, 424 Wild, Paul, 296 William Herschel Telescope, 327 Williams, A., 60 Wilson, Barbara, xv, 337, 495, 548 Wilson, O C., 391 Winlock, Joseph, 365 Index 4:41 Winnecke, Friedrich, 95, 110, 423 WIYN Open Cluster Study, 225, 485 Wolf, Max, 201 Wolf–Rayet Galaxies, 295 Wolf–Rayet stars, 94, 121, 222, 342, 490 Wolf’s Nebula, 201 Woman in White, The, 526 Wounded Heart Cluster (NGC 2546), 230, 233 Wray, James D., 254 Yerkes Observatory, 436 Yin-Yang Cluster (NGC 659), 48, 50 Zaurak (Gamma Eri), 126 581 P1: FYX/FGC P2: FXS 0521837049ttc.xml CUUK347B-O’Meara July 26, 2006 12:56 The treasure chest HT NGC/IC 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 189 225 281 288 404 584 659 772 908 1023 1232 1291 1316 Melotte 20 1333 1360 1365 1399 1398 1404 Kemble’s Cascade 1501 1502 1535 1528 1545 1647 IC 418 Collinder 69 1981 Collinder 72 1977 1999 2024 2163 2169 2175 2264 2301 2353 2440 2451 582 Date observed Location (Altitude) Telescope & magnification Seeing & transparency Notes The treasure chest P1: FYX/FGC P2: FXS 0521837049ttc.xml CUUK347B-O’Meara HT NGC/IC 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 2467 2547 2539 2546 2683 2655 2841 IC 2488 2903,05 3184 3228 3293 3344 3521 3621 3628 4214 4216 4361 Melotte 111 4490 IC 3568 4526 4605 4656 4699 4725 5102 5281 5363 5662 5746 5866 5897 5986 6210 6242 6281 6369 6400 July 26, 2006 12:56 Date observed Location (Altitude) Telescope & magnification Seeing & transparency Notes (cont.) The treasure chest 583 P1: FYX/FGC P2: FXS 0521837049ttc.xml CUUK347B-O’Meara HT NGC/IC 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 103 104 105 106 107 108 109 IC 4665 6445 6503 6441 Barnard’s Star 6520 6544 6572 6624 6633 IC 4756 6709 6712 6723 Collinder 399 6819 6818 6866 6940 Northern Coalsack 7008 7027 Trumpler 37 7380 O’Meara 7789 7793 584 July 26, 2006 12:56 Date observed Location (Altitude) Telescope & magnification Seeing & transparency Notes The treasure chest ... progressing as an observer Deep- Sky Companions: Hidden Treasures is more, much more, than a valuable resource, or a companion to Deep- Sky Companions: The Messier Objects and DeepSky Companions: The Caldwell... ii P1: FXS/FGC P2: FXS 0521837049agg.xml CUUK347B-O’Meara September 8, 2006 17:6 DEEP- SKY COMPANIONS Hidden Treasures STEPHEN JAMES O’MEARA iii CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY PRESS Cambridge, New York, Melbourne,... Catalogue of Deep- Sky Objects Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1989 Variable stars Hirshfeld, Alan and Roger W Sinnott, eds., Sky Catalogue 2000.0, Vol Cambridge, MA: Sky Publishing Corp. /Cambridge: