0521801826 cambridge university press making history in banda anthropological visions of africas past oct 2001

This page intentionally left blank NEW STUDIES IN ARCHAEOLOGY Making History in Banda Anthropological Visions of Africa’s Past Drawing on evidence from several disciplines, Professor Ann B Stahl reconstructs the daily lives of Banda villagers of west central Ghana, from the time that they were drawn into the Niger trade (around  ) until British rule was established early in the twentieth century The study is designed to make the case for a closer integration of perspectives drawn from archaeology, history, and anthropology         is Professor of Anthropology at the State University of New York at Binghamton She has published widely in her field, in such publications as the African Archaeological Review, American Antiquity, the Journal of Field Archaeology, Ethnohistory, the Journal of World Prehistory, and Current Anthropology NEW STUDIES IN ARCHAEOLOGY Series Editors Wendy Ashmore, University of Pennsylvania Clive Gamble, University of Southampton John O’Shea, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor Colin Renfrew, University of Cambridge Archaeology has made enormous advances recently, both in the volume of discoveries and in its character as an intellectual discipline New techniques have helped to further the range and rigour of the inquiry, and have encouraged interdisciplinary communication The aim of this series is to make available to a wider audience the results of these developments The coverage is worldwide and extends from the earliest hunting and gathering societies to historical archaeology For a list of titles in the series please see the end of the book A N N B ROW E R S TA H L Making History in Banda Anthropological Visions of Africa’s Past           The Pitt Building, Trumpington Street, Cambridge, United Kingdom    The Edinburgh Building, Cambridge CB2 2RU, UK 40 West 20th Street, New York, NY 10011-4211, USA 477 Williamstown Road, Port Melbourne, VIC 3207, Australia Ruiz de Alarcón 13, 28014 Madrid, Spain Dock House, The Waterfront, Cape Town 8001, South Africa http://www.cambridge.org © Ann B Stahl 2004 First published in printed format 2001 ISBN 0-511-03241-2 eBook (Adobe Reader) ISBN 0-521-80182-6 hardback For Christina and Emma References  Weiss, Brad  The Making and Unmaking of the Haya Lived World Consumption, Commoditization and Everyday Practice Durham: Duke University Press White, Hayden  Metahistory: The Historical Imagination in Nineteenth-Century Europe Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press Whittenburg, James P  But What Does it Mean? A Historian’s View of Historical Archaeology In Forgotten Places and Things Archaeological Perspectives on American History Albert E Ward, ed Pp – Albuquerque: Center for Anthropological Studies Wilk, Richard R and Robert McC Netting  Households: Changing Forms and Functions In Households: Comparative and Historical Studies of the Domestic Group R McC Netting, R R Wilk, and E J Arnould, eds Pp – Berkeley: University of California Press Wilkie, L A  Secret and Sacred: Contextualizing the Artifacts of African-American Magic and Religion Historical Archaeology ():– Wilks, Ivor  The Northern Factor in Ashanti History Institute of African Studies Legon: University of Ghana  The Mande Loan Element in Twi Ghana Notes and Queries :–  A Note on the Chronology, and Origins, of the Gonja Kings Ghana Notes and Queries :–  Wargee of Astrakhan In Africa Remembered: Narratives by West Africans from the Era of the Slave Trade Philip D Curtin, ed Pp – Madison: University of Wisconsin Press  Documentary Sources for African History In Africa Discovers her Past J D Fage, ed Pp –  London: Oxford University Press  Asante in the Nineteenth Century The Structure and Evolution of a Political Order Cambridge: Cambridge University Press  Land, Labour, Capital and the Forest Kingdom of Asante: A Model of Early Change In The Evolution of Social Systems J Friedman and M J Rowlands, eds Pp – London: Duckworth a Wangara, Akan and Portuguese in the Fifteenth and Sixteenth Centuries I The Matter of Bitu Journal of African History :– b Wangara, Akan and Portuguese in the Fifteenth and Sixteenth Centuries II The Struggle for Trade Journal of African History :–  Forests of Gold Essays on the Akan and the Kingdom of Asante Athens: Ohio University Press  “Slavery and Akan Origins?” A Reply Ethnohistory :– Wilks, Ivor, Nehemia Levtzion, and Bruce M Haight  Chronicles from Gonja A Tradition of West African Muslim Historiography Cambridge: Cambridge University Press Willett, Frank  A Survey of Recent Results in the Radiocarbon Chronology of Western and Northern Africa Journal of African History :– Wilmsen, Edwin N  Land Filled with Flies A Political Economy of the Kalahari Chicago: University of Chicago Press  Who were the Bushmen? Historical Process in the Creation of an Ethnic Construct In Articulating Hidden Histories Exploring the Influence of Eric R Wolf Jane Schneider and Rayna Rapp, eds Pp – Berkeley: University of California Wilmsen, Edwin N and James R Denbow  Paradigmatic History of San-Speaking Peoples and Current Attempts at Revision Current Anthropology :– Wilmsen, Edwin N., with Saul Dubow and John Sharp  Introduction: Ethnicity, Identity and Nationalism in Southern Africa Journal of Southern African Studies :– Wilson, Adrian  A Critical Portrait of Social History In Rethinking Social History English Society – and its Interpretation Adrian Wilson, ed Pp – Manchester: Manchester University Press References  Wilson, Daniel  Prehistoric Man London: Macmillan Wolf, Eric R  Europe and the People without History Berkeley: University of California Press  Culture: Panacea or Problem? American Antiquity :–  Perilous Ideas: Race, Culture, People Current Anthropology :–  Envisioning Power Ideologies of Dominance and Crisis Berkeley: University of California Press Worby, Eric  Maps, Names and Ethnic Groups: The Epistemology and Iconography of Colonial Power in Northwestern Zimbabwe Journal of Southern African Studies :– Wylie, Alison  The Reaction against Analogy In Advances in Archaeological Method and Theory, vol  Michael B Schiffer, ed Pp – New York: Academic Press  “Simple” Analogy and the Role of Relevance Assumptions: Implications of Archaeological Practice International Studies in the Philosophy of Science :–  Archaeological Cables and Tacking: The Implications of Practice for Bernstein’s “Options beyond Objectivism and Relativism.” Philosophy of the Social Sciences :–  The Interplay of Evidential Constraints and Political Interests: Recent Archaeological Research on Gender American Antiquity :–  The Constitution of Archaeological Evidence: Gender Politics and Science In The Disunity of Science Boundaries, Contexts and Power Peter Galison and David J Stump, eds Pp – Stanford: Stanford University Press Yarak, Larry W  Dating Asantehene Osei Kwadwo’s Campaign against the Banna Asantesεm :  Asante and the Dutch – Oxford: Clarendon Yoffee, Norman  Too Many Chiefs? (Or, Safe Texts for the s) In Archaeological Theory: Who Sets the Agenda? Norman Yoffee and Andrew Sherratt, eds Pp – Cambridge: Cambridge University Press York, R N  Excavations at Bui: A Preliminary Report West African Archaeological Newsletter :–  Excavations at New Buipe West Africa Journal of Archaeology :– Zunz, Oliver  Introduction In Reliving the Past The Worlds of Social History Oliver Zunz, ed Pp – Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press I N D E X ( R E F E R E N C E S TO F I G U R E S, P L AT E S A N D TA B L E S A P P E A R I N I TA L I C S ) Adansemanso,  Adinkra (king of Gyaman),  Afeku, I K.,  Africa lived past,  as a place “without history,” , ,  Agbodeka, F.,  agency, ,  agriculture, ,  African domesticates, ,  in Banda, –, –, ,  cash crops, , , , , , , , , , ,  hungry season,  intensification,  labor allocation, , , , , , ,  New World crops, , , , –, , ,  tobacco, ,  transition to,  and warfare,  Agyeman (king of Gyaman),  Ahwene Koko,  Akan chieftaincy structure,  gold fields,  naming of children, ,  regalia, ,  taste in imports,  traders,  wars,  Akomadan,  Akyeamehene,  alcohol, , , ,  gifts of, – Alltagsgeschichte, ,  Alpern, S.,  Ameyaw, K., , , , , ,  Amselle, J.-L., ,  anachronisms,  analogy, , , , ,  comparative (cf illustrative), , , , , , ,  and the “ethnographic past,”  illustrative (cf comparative), , , , ,  and meaning, , ,  methodology, , , , , ,  source-side concerns, , ,  subject-side concerns, , ,  uniformitarian logic, ,  Andah, B.,  Anglo-Asante treaties,  anthropology (see also historical anthropology), – and colonialism, , , , , ,  comparative method,  and cultural change,  ethnographic genre, , , ,  “ethnographic past,” , ,  ethnographic present, , , , ,  focus on “tribal” societies, , ,  and history, xvi, ,  and meaning,  neomodern,  precolonial baselines, , , ,  salvage ethnography, , ,  semiotic stances,  silences in,  social statics,  and tradition, xvi, , , , , , ,  views of culture, , , , , ,  Appiah, K A.,  archaeology (see also historical archaeology), – ages and stages in, , , , ,  and anthropology, xvi, ,  comparative method, , ,  concern with origins,  and constructionism,  contextual analysis,  ethnographic present,  historical, – and history, xvi, ,  imperial tradition,  Iron Age,  lived past, xvii, , , –, , , , –,  and meaning, ,  methodology,  national histories, ,  postprocessual,  prehistoric,  preoccupation with origins,  and racism,  semiotics, ,  silences in, , , , , , , ,   Index social statics,  and tradition, ,  archives, –,  archaeological, , , , , ,  ethnographic, , ,  Ghana National Archives,  and historical anthropology,  making of, , , , ,  oral, ,  Public Records Office,  silences in, , , , – source-side concerns,  Arhin, K., ,  Armitage, C H.,  Asante, –,  Banda as an inner province of,  court proceedings in, ,  disintegration,  emergence of,  gifts of regalia, , , ,  military campaigns (see also Asante, war with ), ,  New World crops,  northern boundary,  relations with Britain,  and the slave trade,  structure of,  trade, – tribute,  war with Banda (–), , – war with Gyaman, , , , , – war with Nkoranza (), , ,  war with Techiman (c ),  Asante confederacy and indirect rule, ,  Asantehenes Agyeman Prempe (Prempe I), ,  Agyeman Prempe II,  Kofi Kakari,  Kwaku Dua II,  Mensa Bonsu,  Opoku Ware, ,  Osei Bonsu,  Osei Kwadwo,  Osei Tutu,  Asantemanso,  gold weights,  Ashanti Law and Constitution,  Atebubu, ,  Atlantic economy, , ,  New World crops, – Banda (see also Banda chieftaincy) agriculture, –, ,  Asante attacks on (, –), , ,  as an Asante province, ,  assimilation of refugees and captives,  British administration of, , , ,  burial practices,  colonial images,   crafts, – daily life, , ,  domestic animals,  economy, – ethnic groups, –, ,  ethnogenesis, , , ,  Ferguson’s impressions of (Banda, Ligbi, Fula),  fishing,  food shortages,  as a frontier society, , , , ,  geology,  gold, ,  history-making in, , , , , ,  immigrants, , , , , , , ,  land disputes, ,  lived past, xvii, , , , , , ,  location,  mention in Kita¯b Ghanja¯,  rainfall,  as a refuge, ,  refugees, , ‒ roads, ,  and Samori, , , , , ,  sanctioned histories,  site survey, ,  and slavery, , ,  vegetation,  village relocation, , , ,  village reoccupation,  wildlife,  Banda cave,  Banda chiefs,  attire,  clothing,  Dabla, ,  Dupuis’ description of,  funerals,  Habaa,  Kofi Dwuru II, xv, , , –,  Kofi Dwuru III, xv, , ,  Kralɔngɔ, , , – Kwasi Sinapim, , ,  list of former, , ,  Pehzoo, ,  Petele, , ,  Sahkyame,  Sakyi,  Sh (Sie Taki),  Sie Yaw Dwuru, ,  Sielɔngɔ, ,  Wulo Dwo (Wulodwo), ,  Wurosa, , ,  Yaw Sielɔngɔ,  Banda chieftaincy (see also Banda; chieftaincy dispute) Akan model for, , , ,  assimilation of refugees and captives, , , – destoolment, xv,  exodus from Banda area,   Index Banda chieftaincy (cont.) firearms,  founding of,  incorporation into Asante, ‒,  kingmakers, , ,  Krontihene,  land disputes, , ,  obligations to British,  regalia, , ,  restructuring of under British rule, , , ,  role of Kuulo in,  rotational principle of succession, xv, , , , , , , – sanctioned histories,  size of army,  and slavery,  state festivals, , , ,  state oath,  stools as symbols of office, ,  structure of, , , , , , ,  treaty with Gold Coast Colony (),  war captives, , , , ,  war with Gyaman, , , , –, , , ,  war with Nkoranza (), ,  warfare, , –, ‒, ,  Banda Research Project,  and burials, ,  and ethnicity,  family history project (“blue books”), –, , , , ,  oral-historical research, – relationship with chief,  Banda villages,  Adadiem, , , ,  Agborlekame,  Akanyakrom,  Banda-Ahenkro (Samianko), , , , , , , , –, , , , ,  Bima, , , ,  Bofie, , , ,  Brawhani,  Bui, , , , ,  Bungasi, ,  Dokachina,  Dorbour, , , , , ,  Dumboli, ,  Dumpofie, , , , ,  ethnicity, ,  Fawoman, ,  Kabruno, , ,  Kanka, , ,  Kasa,  Lawra (Bui), ,  layout, , ,  locations, ,  Makala, , , , , , , , , , ,  Ngre,  Obuasi, , ,  Sabiye,  Samwa, ,  Sase, ,  Wewa,  Banda-Ahenkro founding families, , , ,  beads, , , , , , , , , ,  Early Makala, , ,  Kuulo Kataa, , , –,  Late Makala,  recontextualization,  sacred, , , , ,  trade,  Begho, , , , –, , , , , , , , , –, , ,  beads, ,  chronology,  cloth production, , , ,  crafts, , , ,  demise, , , , , , –, , , , , , ,  gold,  gold weights,  iron, ,  pottery, , , , , ,  quarters, , ,  smoking pipes, ,  spindle whorls, ,  trade, , - , , –, –, – Belinga, S M E.,  Berlin Conference,  bijam (Nafana marriage rites),  Black Death,  Black Volta River, , , , , , , , ,  and warfare, ,  Bloch, M ,  Bole, , , , ,  food shortages,  Bona (Bouna), , , , ,  Bondakile, , ,  Bonduku, , , –, , , , ,  dye pits,  Bono Manso, ,  Asante attack on,  Bourdieu, P., , ,  Bowdich, T E., ,  Boyle, David and Laura, ,  Bravmann, R., , , , , , ,  Brawhani, ,  breaker of walls (British official), , , ,  Breen, T H.,  British (see also Gold Coast Colony) territorial ambitions, –,  Buari Kojo,  Bui National Park, ,  controlled burning,  burial practices colonial policy, ,  contemporary, ,  Buyaa (see also Old Bima), ,  calendars, ,  capitalism, , , , ,   Index cassava (manioc), , , , , , , ,  ceramics (see pottery) Chamberlain, J.,  Chance, J.,  Chanock, M., , ,  chieftaincy dispute, xv, , ,  and emigration,  family history project (“blue books”), –, , ,  history of, – kingmakers and,  and the Kuulo people, ,  role of history in, , , –,  rotational principle, ,  silences in, , , , ,  and violence,  yam festival and, ,  Chokoe Katoo,  Christianity, xv,  clay pits, , ,  cloth, ,  bark, ,  gifts of, , ,  and meaning, ,  monetization, ,  production, , , , , –, , , , ,  recontextualization,  and ritual, , , , , ,  and social distinction, , , , ,  strip-woven, , , , ,  taste in imports, , , , ,  trade, , , , , , , , , , , , ,  tribute,  clothing, , , , ,  dead men’s clothes,  and monetization, ,  northern, , ,  Cohen, D W.,  colonial government (see also Gold Coast Colony) provisioning of,  restructuring of chieftaincies,  colonialism, , , , ,  and cultural change, , , ,  colonization and “body work,” , , ,  as a cultural process, , ,  economic motives, ,  Columbus, C.,  Comaroff, J and J., , ,  comparative method, , ,  and cultural change,  complex societies, ,  constructionism, xv, , , , –, – lived past, ,  and presentism,  copper, ,  production, ,  trade, , , , –, , ,  cotton, , , , , , , , , ,  cowries, ,  crafts, , ,  in Banda,  exchange, , , , ,  and knowledge,  and “transformer specialists,”  culture change, –, , – as consensual,  construction,  continuity, , – and history, , , ,  in-the-making, , ,  precolonial baselines, ,  culture contact effects, , , – currencies, ,  Dadeasobahene,  Dagomba, ,  Dapaa,  Davidson-Houston, Capt.,  decolonization effects on African history,  DeCorse, C.,  Deetz, J.,  demographic losses, , , – effects on knowledge,  Denkyira, ,  Derrida, J., ,  Dickson, K.,  diffusion, , ,  direct historical approach, ,  methodology, –, , , , – southern Africa,  West Africa,  Dirks, N., ,  discourse, ,  disease, , ,  Distinction,  district commissioners duties,  Do (masking society),  documentary sources,  in anthropology,  in historical archaeology,  of “precolonial” history, ,  silences in, , , , , , , – dog, ,  ritual treatment, ,  domestic animals, , , , ,  Dumpo (see Kuulo),  Dupuis, J., , ,  dye pit, ,  Early Makala, , ,  abandonment, , ,  beads, ,  burials, – chronology, , ,  cloth production, – copper alloys,  daily life, ,   Index Early Makala (cont.) domestic economy, ,  as the “ethnographic past,”  firearms,  gold trade,  houses (compounds), , ,  iron production,  ivory,  location, , ,  manufactures, ,  pottery, , , , , –,  pottery production, – practices of taste, , ,  production, ,  settlement, , ,  smoking pipes, , , ,  spindle whorls, –, , ,  subsistence, – trade, , , ‒, ,  ecological change,  Effah-Gyamfi, K.,  Ekeh, P., ,  Elmina, , , , , , ,  gold weights,  enamelware,  epistemology, xvi, , , , ,  methodological consequences,  essentialism, , ,  ethnicity and archaeology, , , , ,  Asante,  in Banda, , , , , , , , , , –, , , , , , , , , , , , ,  Begho,  categorization,  and essentialism,  fluidity of, , , , , –,  and frontiers, , , , , ,  and identity, , ,  and material culture, , ,  primordialist view,  and trade,  units of analysis,  “ethnographic past,” –, ,  and history,  ethnohistory,  silences in,  everyday life, , , , , , , , , ,  evidence,  additive approach, , , ,  experience as,  multiple lines of, , , ,  seriation of, ,  supplemental approach, , , ,  evolutionary models, –, , , ,  in archaeology, –, , , , ,  comparative method, ,  and cultural boundaries,  and history,  rejection of,  and survivals,  and the “Trevor-Roper trap,”  Ewe, , , ,  experience, , , , , , , , ,  Fell, T E., , ,  Fenton, W., , ,  Ferguson, G E., , , , ,  death of, ,  and evolutionary models,  impressions of Banda, – firearms, , , , , ,  fishing,  flotation, , ,  food processing, , ,  forest states, -  Foucault, M., xvi,  Frank, B.,  Fraser, D.,  Freeman, R A., ,  frontiers (see also internal African frontier), , ,  and ethnicity,  and legitimacy,  Fula (Banda),  Gangoolo Katoo,  Gape (see also Kuulo), , ,  Garrard, T.,  Gbaha (Nafana hunter), , ,  Gbaha Katoo, ,  Gbain (masking society), ,  Geertz, C.,  gender, , , , , , ,  Gimalah, M.,  glass, , ,  unit packaging, ,  Vaseline bottle,  global and the local, ,  gold, , , , , , , ,  Asante demand for,  European demand for,  Islamic weight standards,  Gold Coast Civil Service Lists, , ,  Gold Coast Colony administration, , –, ,  and Asante, –, , ,  boundaries, ,  burial practices, ,  courts,  government stores, , – history of, , ,  indirect rule, , , , , ,  knowledge of Banda, ‒ labor policy, , , ,  levies on Banda,  Northern Territories, , ,  political economy, –, , , ,  regulation of daily life, , ,  and Samori, , , , – sanitation policy, ,  trade, , , , , – Index transportation policy, – treaties,  treaty with Banda (), , –,  village planning, , , –, , , , , ,  Gold Coast Constabulary occupation of Banda (), ,  provisioning of, , ,  gold dust, ,  gold mining, ,  gold weights, , ,  ceramic disks as, ,  Golden Ages, – Golden Stool, ,  Gonja, , , –, , , ,  Asante attack on (),  Gonja Chronicles (see Kita¯b Ghanja¯) Great Zimbabwe,  gunflints, ,  Guyer, J., ,  Gyaman, , , , , , , , , , , ,  Asante attack on (),  rotational principle,  and Samori,  war with Asante and Banda, , , , –, –,  Gyase Katoo (Gyasefo),  Gyasewahene,  Gyatoe, K.,  court testimony, – habitus, ,  Haight, B.,  Hall, M., , , ,  Henderson, Lt.,  historical anthropology, xvi, , , , , , , , ,  and archaeology, , , , , , , ,  focus on nonliterate societies,  lived past, , , , , –, , , , ,  material culture,  and meaning, , ,  methodology, –,  reliance on written sources,  silences in,  historical archaeology, ,  African-American history,  focus on Europeans, – focus on subaltern groups, ,  and pluralism, ,  relationship with history,  silences in,  South Africa, , ,  historicity  (sociohistorical process), , , , , –, ,  historicity  (historical narrative), , , , –, , ,  history African, , , , , , , ,  African-American,  Annales, ,   and anthropology, xvi, , ,  and archaeology, , , , , , , , , ,  and authenticity, ,  in Banda, –, , , , , , , , , , , , , – as beginning with colonialism,  competing visions of, xv, xvi,  constructionism, xv, , , , , , –,  and culture, , , , ,  as discourse,  and ethnicity, , , ,  of everyday life (see Alltagsgeschichte), ,  Hegelian view of African history, ,  lived past, xvi, , , , , , , , , , ,  making in the present, xvii, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ,  materiality of, , ,  and meaning, xvi, ,  methodology, , , –, , ,  moments of production, , , , , , , ,  and narrative, , , , ,  oral sources, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ,  positivist,  precolonial, xvi, , , , , ,  silences in, xv, , , , , , , , , , , ,  social, , , ,  and structure, , , , , ,  thick description in,  workshop, , – written sources, , ,  Hobsbawm, E., ,  horse, ,  in oral history,  houses (compounds) contemporary, ,  maintenance,  Huffman, T.,  hungry season, ,  imperialism, , , , , – independence, , –, , ,  indirect rule (see also Gold Coast Colony), , –, , –, ,  intentionality,  interdisciplinary studies, , –,  failure of, xvi methodology, ,  internal African frontier (see also frontiers), , , , , , ,  invention of tradition, , , ,  iron, , , , , , , ,  imports,  production, , , , , , , , ,   Index iron (cont.) production and environmental degradation,  slag,  trade,  Iron Age, , , , , , ,  Iron Age  (Makala phase), , ,  Iron Age  (Kuulo phase), ,  Islam,  as a civilizing force,  ivory, , ,  at Kuulo Kataa, , , – Jenne-Jeno, ,  urbanism,  Jordan, D., ,  Kabruno Katoo (Kabruno family), , ,  rotational principle of succession, ,  Kafɔnɔ Katoo,  Kakala, , , , , , , , , , ,  kataa (ancient place),  Kintampo, , , , , , ,  destruction of,  government stores, , ,  village planning,  Kintampo complex, ,  Kirch, P.,  Kita¯b Ghanja¯ (Gonja Chronicles), – Kokua, ,  kola,  Kong, ,  Asante attack on (),  Kopytoff, I., , , , , , , ,  Kumase,  British invasion of,  Kuper, A.,  Kuulo (Dumpo), , , ,  ancestry, ,  as autochthones, , , – family history project (“blue books”), –,  funerals,  kahole wura (earth priest), , ,  marriage rites,  oral history,  perception of archaeological research, ,  role in chieftaincy,  yam festival,  Kuulo Kataa, , , ,  abandonment,  beads, , ,  burials, , – chronology, ,  cloth production, –,  copper alloys, , , – daily life,  domestic economy,  gold weights, ,  history of research, , –, , ,  horse remains, ,  houses (compounds), –,  iron production,  ivory,  as a Kuulo site,  location, ,  maize, , – marine shell,  pottery, –, – pottery production, ,  practices of taste, – slag, , ,  smoking pipes, , ,  spindle whorls, –, –, ,  subsistence, – trade, ‒, , – labor, , , , , , , , ,  division of, , , , , ,  migration, , , –, , - ,  waged, ,  language and identity, ,  Late Makala, ,  abandonment,  beads, ,  burials,  chronology, , , , – cloth production,  daily life,  domestic economy,  as the “ethnographic past,”  glass, ,  gunflints,  history of research,  houses (compounds), , , ,  imported containers,  iron production,  location, , ,  manufactures,  monetization, ,  pottery,  pottery production, , ,  smoking pipes, ,  spindle whorls, – subsistence,  trade, –, ‒,  Leach, E.,  Leone, M.,  Levtzion, N.,  Ligby, , ,  marriage rites,  masked dancers (Do),  migration,  role in chieftaincy,  lineage systems as response to slave trade, ,  linguistic relativism, , ,  Little, B.,  local and the global,  logging,  logiques métisses, , ,  London Chamber of Commerce,  London Company of Merchants, – Index Longoro,  Lonsdale, R., ,  Loobia Katoo, ,  Lubbock, J.,  McIntosh, R.,  Maclean, G.,  maize, , –, , –, ,  and demography,  Makala Kataa (see also Early Makala; Late Makala), ,  burials,  chronology, , , ,  history of research, , – location, ,  The Making of the English Working Class,  manaa ndiom (nubility rites),  manacles,  Mande diaspora (see Ligby), , , , ,  after decline of Begho,  and masking societies, – Mansa Musa,  manufactures, , ,  boycott of,  market for, , , , ,  monetization, , ,  recontextualization,  market economy, , , ,  effects on craft production, ,  and gender relations,  masking societies, , ,  material culture, , – active role in social worlds, , , –, , ,  and ethnicity, , ,  in historical anthropology,  and historical memory, ,  and meaning, , –,  quotidian, ,  recontextualization, , , , , ,  and social distinction, , , , , , , , ,  and taste, , ,  as text,  Mathewson, D.,  Mazrui, A.,  meaning, xvi, –, , , , –, , , , , ,  Metahistory,  methodology, , , , , , , ,  of comparison, , , , , , , ,  historical anthropology, ,  and silences,  source criticism,  source-side concerns, , , , , , , ,  subject-side concerns, , , , , , – supplemental approach, , , , , , –, –, , , , , – upstreaming (see also direct historical approach), , , , , , , –  migration, , , , ,  Nafana, , , ,  Miles, R.,  mind/body split,  Mo, , , , , , ,  war with Banda (),  mode of production,  monetization, , , –, , –,  and social distinction,  Moore, S F.,  Murdock, G P.,  Naba a (Jakpa), ,  Nafaanra (Nafana language), , , ,  Nafana, ,  ancestor veneration,  assimilation of refugees and captives, , ‒ calendar,  as chiefs,  exodus from Kakala, , , , , , ,  immigration,  katoo (house/lineage), ,  marriage rites (see bijam),  naming of children, , ,  potting,  and refugees, –,  residence patterns,  and slavery,  trafun (earth priest),  Namasa (Nyama Gboo), ,  iron production,  neutron activation analysis, , , ,  Early Makala, –,  Kuulo Kataa, ,  Late Makala,  New World crops, , , , , , ,  and cuisines,  and demography, , ,  Nifahene,  Nkoranza, , , ,  occupation of Banda hills,  war with Banda (),  Northcott, H P., , , ,  Northern Territories, , ,  administration,  colonial development policy,  government stores,  Nsɔkua Hema,  Nyawaa Katoo, ,  Odhiambo, E S A.,  odikro (village headman),  Odwira (yam festival),  Ohemaa (queen mother), ,  Old Bima, , , , , , , ,  site of battle,  trade,  Omanhene (paramount chief),  oral history, , –, –, , , , , ,  ethnogenesis,  Index oral traditions, ,  Orientalism,  Ortner, S B., ,  Owusuh, E S K., , ,  Peel, J D Y.,  phytoliths, ,  political economy, xvii, , , , , , ,  colonial, , – and global connections,  Posnansky, M., , ,  postdepositional processes,  postmodern critiques,  poststructuralism, ,  pottery at Begho, , ,  clays, , , , , ,  Early Makala, , –, –, – and ethnicity, ,  Iron Age  (Makala phase),  Iron Age  (Kuulo phase), ,  Kuulo Kataa, , , –, –, , , ,  Late Makala, – marketing,  mica-slipped, –, ,  at Old Bima, , ,  pot stands, ,  production, , –, –,  red-painted, , , ,  power, xv, xvi, , , , , , –, ,  and knowledge, xvii, , , , , , , ,  in the production of history, , , , , , , , –, –, , – role of objects in creating, , , , , , ,  and social control, , –,  state festivals and, , ,  practice, , , , , –, , , , , , , , – academic, , ,  archaeological sources, , , , , , , , ,  bodily, , , , ,  colonial reshaping of, , , , , , , , , , ,  compositional,  and identity, , , ,  materiality of, , ,  and meaning,  and policy, ,  precolonial, –, –, , , , ,  and process, ,  quotidian, xvi, , , , , , , , , ,  ritual, –, , , ,  social, ,  and social change,   and social distinction, –, , ,  theory,  precolonial period Africa, , , , ,  baselines, , , , , –, ,  and methodology, xvi, , , –, , , ,  modes of production,  and narrative, , ,  as a time “before impact,” , –, , , , , – prestige goods, , , , , , , , , , , , ,  Public Records Office,  Ranger, T., ,  Rattray, R S., ,  and indirect rule,  refugees, , , , , –, , , , ,  regalia, , ,  gifts of, ,  Reindorf, C.,  resistance, , , , , , ,  roads, , , , , –, –, , , ,  Rodger, Governor,  Russell, A C.,  Sahlins, M., , ,  Salaga, , , ,  Samori, xviii, –, , –, –, , ,  occupation of Banda (),  provisioning of, , ,  scorched earth policy, ,  and security of roads,  Sampa, , ,  sanitation, , – Sarankye-More,  Sausurrean linguistics, ,  Schrire, C.,  scramble for Africa, – Seidu Nji,  Senyon,  Shie Shie (Gangoolo Katoo),  Shiofi Katoo,  shrines, ,  on archaeological sites, , ,  Jafun,  Tano, ,  Sie Gbaŋmbo Katoo,  Sielɔngɔ Katoo (royal family), , , , –, ,  slave trade, ,  abolition (), , , , ,  Atlantic, –, , , ,  and Banda, , ,  and demography, ,  internal,  Islamic, ,  New World crops,   Index and settlement,  sociological effects, ,  smoking pipes, , , ,  Begho, ,  bodily practice, ,  Early Makala, –, , ,  Kuulo Kataa, ,  Late Makala, , , – and social distinction,  The Social Life of Things, ,  Sofa (Samori’s army), –, –,  sorghum, , , , ,  source-side issues, , , , , , , ,  spindle whorls, ,  Begho, ,  Early Makala, –, , ,  Kuulo Kataa, , , , , ,  Late Makala, – state festivals family duties,  integrative function of,  yam festival, , –, –, ,  Yualie (sorghum harvest festival), , ,  Steiner, C.,  Stoller, P.,  stoneware,  Strong, D.,  structural functionalism, , ,  and history, ,  structure, xv, ,  in anthropology, , , – in Banda, –, –, , ,  conjunctures of, ,  in history, ,  in the making, ,  and methodology, , , , , –, , ,  precolonial baselines, ,  and process, –, , , ,  subject-side issues, , , , , – Sudanic kingdoms, , ,  ethnic specialization,  links with Volta basin, ,  trade,  urbanism,  supplemental approach, , , , , , –, –, , , , , – symbolic capital, – taste, – cartographies of,  dimensions of,  embodiment of, – for cloth, , ,  for imports, , , , –, , –, , –, ,  making of, , , , , , –, , – manufactures, ,  and material sources, , – practices of, , , –, , , , , ,  and social distinction, , , , ,  Techiman, , , , ,  textual metaphors, –, ,  in archaeology, , ,  Thomas, N., ,  Thompson, E P.,  tobacco, , , , , , ,  Tonkin, E.,  trade,  agricultural products, – alcohol, –,  Asante, , , , , , ,  Atlantic, xvii, , , , , , –, ,  beads, , , , , ,  cloth, , –,  copper alloys, , ,  Early Makala, , , –, ,  effects on craft production, ,  European competition for, , ,  firearms, , – glass, ,  gold, , , –, , , ,  international, , , , –, , , –, , ,  ivory, ,  kola,  Kuulo Kataa, –, , ‒ Late Makala, ‒, ‒,  legitimate, , , ,  local, ,  manufactures, , –, –, – monetization,  Niger, xvii, , , , , , , , , –, –, , , ,  northern, , , , , , , , ,  oral history, ,  slave, , , , , –, , , , ‒, ,  and social change, , ,  and warfare, , , –,  tradition, xv, xvi, , , , –, , , , , ,  in the chieftaincy dispute,  and colonial rule, –, , , , , ,  and cultural change, xvi, , , , , –, ,  invented, , , , ,  transit markets, , , , , , ,  Trevor-Roper, H., ,  “Trevor-Roper trap,” , ,  Trigger, B G.,  Trouillot, M.-R., , , , , , , , , , , , ,  Tufuhene,  underdevelopment,  uniformitarianism, ,   Index units of analysis,  upstreaming (see also direct historical approach) in Banda case study, , ,  Fenton’s principles,  methodology, , , , , , – Vansina, J.,  urbanism, ,  Van Dantzig, A.,  Vansina, J.,  Vaseline,  village planning, , , –, , , , , ,  Wa, , –, ,  Wa Syndicate (gold mining),  Wallerstein, I.,  Wangara, ,  war captives, , , , ,  assimilation of, , , , , ,  and the slave trade, , , ,  warfare (see also Banda chieftaincy, warfare), , , ,  and agriculture,  Asante, ,  Banda, ‒, , ‒, ,  demographic implications, ,  and refugees,  and trade, , , –,  Wargee,  wealth, xvi, ,  in people, – and power, – Wedel, W.,  Wenchi, , , , , , ,  Asante attack on,  West African Trade Project, , –,  White, H.,  whiteware,  Wilkinson,  Wilks, I., ,  Wolf, E R., xvi, , ,  Wurache (Kuulo ancestress), , , , ,  Wylie, A.,  Yadwo Gongo,  Yao Dabla Katoo,  Other books published in the series: Ian Hodder and Clive Orton: Spatial analysis in archaeology Keith Muckelroy: Maritime archaeology R Gould: Living archaeology Stephen Plog: Stylistic variation in prehistoric ceramics Patrick Vinton Kirch: Evolution of the Polynesian chiefdoms Dean Arnold: Ceramic theory and cultural process Geoffrey W Conrad and Arthur A Demarest: Religion and empire: the dynamics of Aztec and Inca expansion Graeme Barker: Prehistoric farming in Europe Daniel Miller: Artefacts as categories Rosalind Hunter-Anderson: Prehistoric adaptation in the American Southwest Robin Torrence: Production and exchange of stone tools Bo Gräslund: The birth of prehistoric chronology Ian Morris: Burial and ancient society: the rise of the Greek city state Joseph Tainter: The collapse of complex societies John Fox: Maya postclassic state formation Alasdair Whittle: Problems in Neolithic archaeology Peter Bogucki: Forest farmers and stock herders Olivier de Montmollin: The archaeology of political structure: settlement analysis in a classic Maya polity Robert Chapman: Emerging complexity: the later prehistory of south-east Spain, Iberia and the west Mediterranean Steven Mithen: Thoughtful foragers: a study of prehistoric decision making Roger Cribb: Nomads in archaeology James Whitley: Style and society in Dark Age Greece: the changing face of a pre-literate society ‒ BC Philip Arnold: Domestic ceramic production and spatial organization Julian Thomas: Rethinking the Neolithic E N Chernykh: Ancient metallurgy in the USSR: the early Metal Age, translated by Sarah Wright Lynne Sebastian: The Chaco Anasazi: sociopolitical evolution in the prehistoric Southwest Anna Maria Bietti Sestieri: The Iron Age community of Osteria del’Osa: a study of socio-political development in central Tyrrhenian Italy Christine A Hastorf: Agriculture and the onset of political inequality before the Inca Richard E Blanton, Stephen A Kowalewski, Gary Feinman and Laura Finsten: Ancient Mesoamerica: a comparison of change in three regions, second edition Richard Bradley and Mark Edmonds: Interpreting the axe trade: production and exchange in Neolithic Britain Dean E Arnold: Ecology and ceramic production in an Andean community Anne E Yentsch: A Chesapeake family and their slaves: a study in historical archaeology Paul K Wason: The archaeology of rank Roland Fletcher: The limits of settlement growth: a theoretical outline Christopher Tilley: An ethnography of the Neolithic: early prehistoric societies in southern Scandinavia Jerry D Moore: Architecture and power in the ancient Andes: the archaeology of public buildings Michael Shanks: Art and the Greek city state: an interpretative archaeology ... Africa’s past Anthropological visions of Africa’s past Historical visions of Africa’s past Archaeological visions of Africa’s past Working in interdisciplinary spaces         Envisioning...This page intentionally left blank NEW STUDIES IN ARCHAEOLOGY Making History in Banda Anthropological Visions of Africa’s Past Drawing on evidence from several disciplines, Professor Ann B... Envisioning Banda s past          The past in the present: history -making in Banda Defining the spatial scale of analysis Geography of the space Regional economy Cultural geography of