This page intentionally left blank Angela Keane addresses the work of five women writers of the s and its problematic relationship with the canon of Romantic literature Refining arguments that women’s writing has been overlooked, Keane examines the more complex underpinnings and exclusionary effects of the English national literary tradition The book explores the negotiations of literate, middle-class women such as Hannah More, Mary Wollstonecraft, Charlotte Smith, Helen Maria Williams and Ann Radcliffe with emergent ideas of national literary representation As women were cast into the feminine, maternal role in Romantic national discourse, women like these who defined themselves in other terms found themselves exiled – sometimes literally – from the nation These wandering women did not rest easily in the family-romance of Romantic nationalism nor could they be reconciled with the models of literary authorship that emerged in the s is Lecturer in English Literature at the University of Sheffield She is co-editor, with Avril Horner of Body Matters: Feminism, Textuality, Corporeality () and the author of many articles on women and Romanticism MMMM WOMEN WRITERS AND THE ENGLISH NATION IN THE s Professor Marilyn Butler University of Oxford General editors Professor James Chandler University of Chicago Editorial board John Barrell, University of York Paul Hamilton, University of London Mary Jacobus, Cornell University Kenneth Johnston, Indiana University Alan Liu, University of California, Santa Barbara Jerome McGann, University of Virginia David Simpson, University of California, Davis This series aims to foster the best new work in one of the most challenging fields within English literary studies From the early s to the early s a formidable array of talented men and women took to literary composition, not just in poetry, which some of them famously transformed, but in many modes of writing The expansion of publishing created new opportunities for writers, and the political stakes of what they wrote were raised again by what Wordsworth called those ‘great national events’ that were ‘almost daily taking place’: the French Revolution, the Napoleonic and American wars, urbanisation, industrialisation, religious revival, an expanded empire abroad and the reform movement at home This was an enormous ambition, even when it pretended otherwise The relations between science, philosophy, religion and literature were reworked in texts such as Frankenstein and Biographia Literaria; gender relations in A Vindication of the Rights of Woman and Don Juan; journalism by Cobbett and Hazlitt; poetic form, content and style by the Lake School and the Cockney School Outside Shakespeare studies, probably no body of writing has produced such a wealth of response or done so much to shape the responses of modern criticism This indeed is the period that saw the emergence of those notions of ‘literature’ and of literary history, especially national literary history, on which modern scholarship in English has been founded The categories produced by Romanticism have also been challenged by recent historicist arguments The task of the series is to engage both with a challenging corpus of Romantic writings and with the changing field of criticism they have helped to shape As with other literary series published by Cambridge, this one will represent the work of both younger and more established scholars, on either side of the Atlantic and elsewhere For a complete list of titles published see end of book WOMEN WRITERS AND THE E N G L I S H N A T I O N I N T H E s Romantic Belongings ANGELA KEANE The Pitt Building, Trumpington Street, Cambridge, United Kingdom The Edinburgh Building, Cambridge CB2 2RU, UK 40 West 20th Street, New York, NY 10011-4211, USA 477 Williamstown Road, Port Melbourne, VIC 3207, Australia Ruiz de Alarcón 13, 28014 Madrid, Spain Dock House, The Waterfront, Cape Town 8001, South Africa http://www.cambridge.org © Angela Keane 2004 First published in printed format 2001 ISBN 0-511-03467-9 eBook (Adobe Reader) ISBN 0-521-77342-3 hardback Contents Acknowledgements page ix Introduction: Romantic belongings Domesticating the sublime: Ann Radcliffe and Gothic dissent Forgotten sentiments: Helen Maria Williams’s ‘Letters from France’ Exiles and e´migre´s: the wanderings of Charlotte Smith Mary Wollstonecraft and the national body Patrician, populist and patriot: Hannah More’s counter-revolutionary nationalism Afterword Notes Bibliography Index vii In memory of Katie Keane Bibliography The New Eighteenth Century: Theory, Politics, English Literature, ed by Felicity Nussbaum and Laura Brown (New York: Methuen, ), pp – Cole, Lucinda, ‘(Anti) Feminist Sympathies: The Politics of Relationship in Smith, Wollstonecraft and More’, ELH (), – Colley, Linda, Britons: Forging the Nation – (New Haven: Yale University Press, ) Conway, Alison, ‘Nationalism, Revolution, and the Female Body: Charlotte Smith’s Desmond’, Women’s Studies (), – Copley, Stephen and Kathryn Sutherland (eds.), Adam Smith’s Wealth of Nations: New Interdisciplinary Essays (Manchester University Press, ) Copley, Stephen and John Whale (eds.), Beyond Romanticism: New Approaches to Texts and Contexts, – (London: Routledge, ) Cox, Philip, Gender, Genre and the Romantic Poets (Manchester University Press, ) Cunningham, Hugh, ‘The Language of Patriotism’, in Patriotism: The Making and Unmaking of British National Identity, ed by Raphael Samuel, vols (London: Routledge, ), vol , pp.– Davis, Lennard J., Factual Fictions: the Origins of the English Novel (New York: Columbia University Press, ) Deane, Seamus, The French Revolution and Enlightenment in England – (Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, ) Duncan, Ian, Modern Romance and Transformations of the Novel: the Gothic, Scott, Dickens (Cambridge University Press, ) During, Simon, ‘Literature: Nationalism’s Other? The Case for Revision’, in Nation and Narration, ed by Homi K Bhabha (London: Routledge, ), pp.– Ellis, Kate Ferguson, The Contested Castle: Gothic Novels and the Subversion of Domestic Ideology (Urbana and Chicago: University of Illinois Press, ) Favret, Mary, Romantic Correspondence: Women, Politics and the Fiction of Letters (Cambridge University Press, ) ‘Spectatrice as Spectacle’, Studies in Romanticism (Summer ), – Felski, Rita, Beyond Feminist Aesthetics: Feminist Literature and Social Change (London: Hutchinson Radius, ) Ferguson, Frances, Solitude and the Sublime: Romanticism and the Aesthetics of Individuation (London: Routledge, ) Ferguson, Moira, Subject to Others: British Women Writers and Colonial Slavery, – (London: Routledge, ) Fishman, J (ed.), Language Problems of Devoloping Nations (New York: Wiley, ) Foucault, Michel, The History of Sexuality: Volume One, an Introduction, trans by Robert Hurley (London: Allen Lane, ) Fraser, Nancy, ‘Heterosexism, Misrecognition and Capitalism: a Response to Judith Butler’, New Left Review (),– Unruly Practices: Power, Discourse and Gender in Contemporary Social Theory (Cambridge: Polity Press, ) Bibliography ‘What’s Critical about Critical Theory: the case of Habermas and Gender’, in Feminist Interpretations and Political Theory, ed by Mary Lyndon Shanley and Carole Pateman (Cambridge: Polity Press, ) and Paul James (eds.), Critical Politics: from the Personal to the Global (Melbourne: Arena, ) Freud, Sigmund, ‘The Uncanny’, in The Standard Edition of the Complete Psychological Works, ed and trans by James Strachey (; London: Hogarth Press, ), vol , pp – Gallagher, Catherine, ‘The Body Versus the Social Body in the Works of Thomas Malthus and Henry Mayhew,’ in The Making of the Modern Body: Sexuality and Society in the Nineteenth Century, ed by Catherine Gallagher and Thomas Laqueur (Berkeley, University of California Press, ), pp.– Nobody’s Story: The Vanishing Acts of Women Writers in the Marketplace, – (Oxford: Clarendon Press, ) Geertz, Clifford, Old Societies and New States (New York: Free Press, ) Gellner, Ernest, Nations and Nationalism (Oxford: Blackwell Press, ) Gilmartin, Kevin, Print Politics: the Press and Radical Opposition in Early NineteenthCentury England (Cambridge University Press, ) Goldsmith, Elizabeth C., ‘Authority, Authenticity, and the Publication of Letters by Women’, in Writing the Female Voice: Essays on Epistolary Literature, ed by Elizabeth C Goldsmith, (Michigan: Northeastern University Press, ), pp – Goodman, Dena, The Republic of Letters: a Cultural History of the French Enlightenment (Ithaca and London: Cornell University Press, ) Grosz, Elizabeth, Volatile Bodies: Toward a Corporeal Feminism (Bloomington and Indianapolis: Indiana University Press, ) Guest, Harriet, ‘Modern Love: Feminism and Sensibility in ’, New Formations: A Journal of Culture/Theory/Politics, ‘Conservative Modernity’, (Spring ), – ‘The Wanton Muse: Politics and Gender in Gothic Theory after ’, in Beyond Romanticism: New Approaches to Texts and Contexts –, ed by Stephen Copley and John Whale (London: Routledge, ), pp Habermas, Juărgen, The Structural Transformation of the Public Sphere: an Inquiry into a Category of Bourgeois Society, trans by Thomas Burger with Frederick Lawrence (Cambridge: Polity Press, ) Hargreaves-Mawdsley, W N., English Della Cruscans and Their Time, – (The Hague: Martinus Nijhoff, ) Harper, George McLean, William Wordsworth: His Life, Works, and Influence, vols (London: Murray, ) Helgerson, Richard, Forms of Nationhood: the Elizabethan Writing of England (Chicago and London: University of Chicago Press, ) Hobsbawm, Eric, Nations and Nationalism Since : Programme, Myth, Reality (Cambridge University Press, ) Bibliography and Terrence Ranger, The Invention of Tradition (Cambridge University Press, ) Hopkins, Mary Alden, Hannah More and Her Circle (New York and Toronto: Longmans, ) Howells, Carol Ann, ‘The Pleasure of the Woman’s Text: Ann Radcliffe’s Subtle Transgressions’, in Gothic Fictions: Prohibition/Transgression, ed by Kenneth W Graham (New York: AMS Press, ) Jacobus, Mary, First Things: the Maternal Imaginary in Literature, Art, and Psychoanalysis (London, Routledge, ) Janowitz, Ann, England’s Ruins: Poetic Purpose and the National Landscape (Oxford: Blackwell Press, ) Jones, Vivien, ‘The Death of Mary Wollstonecraft,’ British Journal for EighteenthCentury Studies, : (), – ‘Women Writing Revolution: Narratives of History and Sexuality in Wollstonecraft and Williams’, in Beyond Romanticism, ed by Stephen Copley and John Whale, pp.– Kahane, Claire, ‘The Gothic Mirror’, in The (M)other Tongue: Essays in Feminist Psychoanalytic Interpretation, ed by Shirley Nelson Garner, et al (Ithaca and New York: Cornell University Press, ), pp – Kaplan, Cora, Sea Changes: Essays on Culture and Feminism (London: Verso, ) Keane, Angela, ‘Reflections and Correspondences: The Familiarity of Burke’s Unfamiliar Letter’, Edmund Burke’s Reflections on the Revolution in France: New Interdisciplinary Essays, ed by John Whale (Manchester University Press, ) pp – Kedourie, Elie, Nationalism (; Oxford: Blackwell Press, ) Kiernan, V., ‘Evangelicalism and the French Revolution’, Past and Present: A Journal of Scientific History (), – Kelly, Gary, Women, Writing, and Revolution, – (Oxford: Clarendon Press, ) Labbe, Jacqueline,‘Selling One’s Sorrows: Charlotte Smith, Mary Robinson, and the Marketing of Poetry’, The Wordsworth Circle, : (), – Landes, Joan, ‘The Public and the Private Sphere: A Feminist Reconsideration’, in Feminists Read Habermas: Gendering the Subject of Discourse, ed by Johanna Meehan (London: Routledge, ) Women and the Public Sphere in the Age of Revolution (Ithaca and London: Cornell University Press, ) Landry, Donna, Muses of Resistance: Laboring-Class Women’s Poetry in Britain, – (Cambridge University Press, ) Langbauer, Laurie, Women and Romance: the Consolations of Gender in the English Novel (Ithaca: Cornell University Press, ) Laugero, Greg, ‘Infrastructures of Enlightenment: Road-Making, the Public Sphere, and the Emergence of Literature’, Eighteenth-Century Studies, Special Issue, ‘The Public and the Nation’ : (Fall ), – Liu, Alan, Wordsworth, the Sense of History (Stanford University Press, ) Mayo, Robert D., The English Novel in the Magazines, – (Evanston, Bibliography Illionois, ) McKeon, Michael, The Origins of the English Novel – (Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, ) Miles, Robert, Ann Radcliffe: the Great Enchantress (Manchester University Press, ) Gothic Writing: a Genealogy (London: Routledge, ) ‘The Gothic Aesthetic: the Gothic as Discourse’, The Eighteenth Century (), – Mullan, John, Sentiment and Sociability: the Language of Feeling in the Eighteenth Century (Oxford: Clarendon Press, ) Myers, Mitzi, ‘Reform or Ruin: ‘‘A Revolution in Female Manners’’’, Studies in Eighteenth-Century Culture (), – Nairn, Tom, The Break-up of Britain (London: Verso, ) Newman, Gerald, The Rise of English Nationalism, a Cultural History – (London: Weidenfeld and Nicolson, ) Pateman, Carole, The Sexual Contract (Cambridge: Polity Press, ) Phillipson, Nicholas, ‘The Scottish Enlightenment’, in The Enlightenment in National Context, ed by Roy Porter and Mikulas Teich (Cambridge University Press, ), pp – Pocock , J G A., Politics, Language and Time: Essays on Political Thought and History (London: Methuen, ) Virtue, Commerce and History (Cambridge University Press, ) Richardson, Alan, Literature, Education and Romanticism: Reading as Social Practice – (Cambridge University Press, ) and Sonia Hofkosh (eds.), Romanticism, Race, and Imperial Culture, – (Bloomington and Indianapolis: Indiana University Press, ) Ross, Marlon B., ‘Romancing the Nation-State: the Poetics of Romantic Nationalism’, in Macropolitics of Nineteenth-Century Literature: Nationalism, Exoticism, Imperialism, ed by Jonathan Arac and Harriet Ritvo (Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, ), pp.– The Contours of Masculine Desire: Romanticism and the Rise of Women’s Poetry (Oxford: Oxford University Press, ) Said, Edward, Culture and Imperialism (London: Chatto and Windus, ) Simpson, David, Romanticism, Nationalism, and the Revolt Against Theory (Chicago University Press, ) Smith, Anthony, The Ethnic Origin of Nations (Oxford: Blackwell Press, ) Nations and Nationalism in a Global Era (Cambridge: Polity Press, ) Smith, Olivia, The Politics of Language – (Oxford: Clarendon Press, ) Staves, Susan, Married Women’s Property in England, – (Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, ) Sudan, Rajani, ‘Mothering and National Identity in the Works of Mary Wollstonecraft’, in Romanticism, Race, and Imperial Culture, –, ed by Alan Richardson and Sonia Hofkosh (Bloomington: Indiana University Press, ) Bibliography Sutherland, Kathryn, ‘Adam Smith’s Master Narrative: Women and the Wealth of Nations’, in Adam Smith’s Wealth of Nations: New Interdisciplinary Essays, ed by Stephen Copley and Kathryn Sutherland (Manchester University Press, ), pp – ‘Hannah More’s Counter-Revolutionary Feminism’, in Revolution in Writing: British Literary Responses to the French Revolution, ed by Kelvin Everest (Buckingham: Open University Press, ), pp – Taylor, Barbara, Eve and the New Jerusalem: Socialism and Feminism in the Nineteenth Century (New York: Pantheon Books, ) Thompson, E P., The Making of the English Working Class (; Harmondsworth: Penguin, ) Todorov, Tzvetan The Fantastic: a Structural Approach to a Literary Genre, trans by Richard Howard (Ithaca: Cornell University Press, ) Tomalin, Claire, The Life and Death of Mary Wollstonecraft (; Harmondsworth: Penguin, ) Trumpener, Katie, Bardic Nationalism: the Romantic Novel and the British Empire (Princeton University Press, ) Whale, John, ‘Preparations for Happiness: Mary Wollstonecraft and Imagination’, in Reviewing Romanticism, ed by Philip Martin and Robin Jarvis (London: Macmillan, ), pp – ‘Death in the Face of Nature: Self and Society in Wollstonecraft’s Letters from Sweden, Norway and Denmark’, Romanticism : (), – Williams, Ioan (ed.), Novel and Romance –: a Documentary Record (London: Routledge, ) Wilson, Kathleen, ‘Citizenship, Empire, and Modernity in the English Provinces, c –’, Eighteenth-Century Studies,‘The Public and the Nation’ : (Fall ), – Wolff, Cynthia Griffin, ‘The Radcliffean Gothic Novel: a Form for Feminine Sexuality’, Modern Language Studies (), – Woodward, Lionel D Une anglaise amie de la Re´volution franc¸aise: He´le`ne-Maria Williams et ses amis (Paris: Librairie Ancienne Honore Champion, ) Yuval-Davis, Nira, Gender and Nation (London: Sage, ) Index Adams, M Ray , n American War of Independence – Analytical Review, The , n, n Anti-Jacobin Review and Magazine, The , , n, n, n, n anti-slavery campaigns Arie´s, Phillipe – n Ariosto Armstrong, Nancy , n, n Ashfield, Andrew –, n Association for Preserving Liberty and Property against Republicans and Levellers Association for University Teachers n associationist psychology , n Bainbridge, Simon n ballads Barbauld, Anna Laetitia , , The British Novelists , n An Address to the Opposers of the Repeal of the Corporation and Test Acts n Civic Sermons to the People, Numbers I and II, n Remarks on Gilbert Wakefield’s Enquiry n Sins of Government n beautiful, the and landscape iconography Beattie, James ‘On Fable and Romance’ n Behn, Aphra Beloe, William belongings Benjamin, Walter Illuminations n Bentley, Thomas n Birmingham riots Blagdon controversy , , n Blake, William blue-stocking society –, booksellers Bowles, William Lisle British Critic, The n Burke, Edmund , –, , , , , , , , , , , , , , n, n and nation-state , , Reflections on the Revolution in France , , , , , , , A Philosophical Enquiry into the Sublime and Beautiful Burney, Charles , n Burney, Frances , n as Frances D’Arblay Butler, Judith n Bodies that Matter n Byron , n Canning, George canon debate national , , organicist Romantic , –, Castle, Terry , n Catholicism , –, anti-Catholicism –, confession , e´migre´ priests –, Chartism Chatterton, Thomas Christie, Thomas , , civil society Clapham Sect, the , – Clarke, James The Survey of the Lakes n Cobbett, William , coffee houses , , , Coleridge, Samuel Taylor , n Biographia Literaria – Index Coleridge, Samuel Taylor (cont.) as representative Romantic writer and poetics colonial discourse –, –, Condorcet, Marquis de Sketch for a Historical Picture of the Progress of the Human Mind , n consumption , , –, , Conway, Alison , n Corday, Charlotte correspondence –, , , , , , , corresponding societies , cosmopolitanism , , , –, , –, , Counter-Reformation –, counter-revolution , , , , , Cox, Philip n Critical Review, The , n, n, n and n, n cultural feminisation cultural studies Day, Thomas Daniel’s Defence of Rime Deane, Seamus n deconstruction Della Cruscans , , De Quincey, Thomas dissent , , , , , , , , n dissenting academy domestic economy domestic realism domestic woman Duncan, Ian Dupont, Jacob , , , Dyce, Alexander Specimens of English Sonnets and Specimens of British Poetesses n Edgeworth, Maria education , female national educational philosophy Elizabethan poetics – e´migre´s , , , –, English Chronicle, The enlightenment philosophy , –, , n epistolary fiction , , epistolary form , , , , European Magazine, The , , , –, n, n, n evangelicalism , – exile , , feminism , , , , corporeal revolutionary feminist literary criticism , , n Ferguson, Adam Ferguson, Frances , n Feˆte de la Fe´de´ration , , , formalism Foucault, Michel , , , , n, n Fraser, Nancy n, n French Revolution , , , –, –, , , , , –, , , , , revolutionary terror revolutionary wars , , – French Republic , , Freud, Sigmund , n Fuesli, Henry , Gentleman’s Magazine, The Gilpin, William , Three Essays –, n Observations of the Western Parts of England n Gironde, the , , Godwin, William , , , , n Enquiry Concerning Political Justice , , n Goethe The Sorrows of Young Werther Goodman, Dena , , n, n Gordon Riots , Gothic , , , fiction , –, male and national culture revival Habermas, Juărgen , , , , , n and n and feminist criticism Hall, Robert , n Hanoverian state Hawkins, Laetitia Matilda Letters on the Female Mind, its Powers and Pursuits , n Helgerson, Richard – historicism Hobbes Homer Hopkins, Mary Alden Horace Index humanism civic humanism classical humanism commercial humanism –, Hume, David , , n Hurd, Richard , Hutchinson, William Excursion to the Lakes Westmoreland and Cumberland , n imagination , , , imagined community , , and Radcliffe’s fiction Imlay, Gilbert , , , n, n Inchbald, Elizabeth , Irish uprising infanticide , , Jacobinism , , , , –, –, , , Janowitz, Anne , n Jerningham, Edward Johnson, Joseph Jones, Vivien , , n and n Kaplan, Cora , n Kelly, Gary – n, n Kiernan, V , n Kippis, Andrew Knight, Richard Payne Lake District, the – Landor, Walter Savage landscape , , , letters , , – familiar fictional, see epistolary Letters from France, see Williams Scandinavian Letters, see Wollstonecraft Letters to Imlay, see Wollstonecraft Walpole’s Correspondence, see Walpole libertinism , , , , liberty , , British , English , French , ‘Little Englandism’ Liu, Alan –, , n, n and n Locke, John , contract theory , , , London Corresponding Society Lorrain, Claude Louis XIV , Louis XV Louis XVI Lowes, Thomas , luxury , , , Malthus, Thomas, , – Essay on the Principle of Population , , , – n Manley, Delariver Marat , Marcet, Jane , marketplace literary – Marie Antoinette , , Martineau, Harriet , maternity , , , , , , , maternal body , , –, –, n matricide Mayo, Robert , n Mendips schools Merry, Robert , n Methodism , Miles, Robert n and n, n Milton, John , , , , , Paradise Lost , , n Moniteur, Le Montagu, Elizabeth , n An Essay on the Writings and Genius of Shakespear n Monthly Review, The , n Moore, John , A Journal During a Residence in France n ‘Poetical Epistle, Written in Wales, to Helen Maria Williams’ A View of the Causes and Progress of the French Revolution n More, Hannah , , , , –, , , , , , , – ‘The Ballad of Bleeding Rock’ Cheap Repository Tracts , –, , An Estimate of the Manners of the Great The Mendips Annals – Remarks on the Speech of M Dupont , , , ‘The Riot: or Half a Loaf is Better than No Bread’ ‘On Sensibility’ ‘On Slavery’ –; ‘The Black Slave Trade’ n ‘Sir Eldred and the Bower’ Strictures on Female Education , , , , –, Thoughts on the Manners of the Great ‘Village Politics’ , Morning Chronicle, The Index motherhood , , , , , , , Mountain of Paris, the , Napoleonic imperialism Nash, Michael Gideon’s Cake of Barley Meal National Assembly, the , , , , , national body nationalism economic literary , , reactionary Renaissance revolutionary Romantic , , , , , , , , patrician and the picturesque newspapers , , – noble savage North America , – Orle´ans, Phillipe, duc d’ Orle´ans, duc d’ (‘Egalite´’) , organicism and letters and Romantic nationalism , , –, and Romantic poetics – Paine, Thomas , , , , , The Rights of Man Painite pamphlets pamphlet debate panopticon Paris Commune Pateman, Carole , n, n paternity patricide patriotism , –, cosmopolitan –, evangelical female – French , , loyalist , radical republican revolutionary patronage , , , Percy perfectibility , Petrarch picturesque, the and art and aesthetics and landscape , – and Protestant culture – tours – pilgrimage Piozzi, Hester Pocock, J G A n Polewhele, Richard ‘The Unsex’d Females’ –, n political economy , , , , Pont, Jean-Francois du Poor Laws Pope, Alexander population , , , n Porteus, Belby, Bishop of London postcolonial criticism post-structuralism Price, Richard , An Essay on the Picturesque as Compared with the Sublime and the Beautiful; n Priestley riots print culture , , , private sphere commercial , , – domestic , , familial production , , , Protestantism – Protestant Association Protestant conscience prostitution psychoanalytic criticism , public opinion , , n public sphere –, , , –, –, , , , , , , , and gender , –, legislative literary , , , – political , Radcliffe, Ann , , , , , , –, , , , , – Gaston de Blondeville The Italian , , , –, n The Mysteries of Udolpho , , , , , , – The Romance of the Forest , , , , , –, – n St Alban’s Abbey Journey through Holland, Germany and the English Lakes , , , – Radcliffe, Mary Ann Ramsay, History of the American Revolution readers realist novels Reformation , Renauld, Ame´e Cecile Index reproduction maternal , , , , symbolic Repton, Humphrey ‘Letter to Mr Price’ n republic of letters , , , , , , , republicanism , , , –, Richardson, Samuel , Clarissa Pamela Roberts, Arthur Robespierre , , , , , , –, , , n Robinson, Henry Crabb Robinson, Mary Rolande, Madame , romance , , , , – English , Italian Republican revival , n ancient and modern – romance-novel debate , Romantic creativity imagination , individualism , nationalism , , , , , , , , poetics , – Rosa, Salvator Rousseau , , , , Emile , Julie ou La Nouvelle Eloise , , natural philosophy Ross, Marlon B , , n royalism Sade, Marquis de salon culture London – Paris –, –, , , , , San Culottes , Say, J B schools of industry Scott, Walter , Waverley Scottish Enlightenment sentimentalism , –, , –, , , Seven Years War , sexual contract , Shakespeare , Shakespearean sonnet , Shelley, Percy , n Sheridan, Frances The Memoirs of Sydney Bidulph Simpson, David , n, n slavery abolition of Smith, Adam , , , , , , , , , An Inquiry into the Nature and Causes of the Wealth of Nations , , n Smith, Augusta Smith, Charlotte , , , , , , , –, , , , , , The Banished Man –, , Celestina n Desmond –, , , , , n Elegiac Sonnets n Ethelinde , n The Emigrants , The Old Manor House – The Wanderings of Warwick n The Young Philosopher – self-referentiality , –, Smith, Olivia Society for the Reformation of Manners sonnet Italian Miltonic , revival Shakespearean , Southey, Robert , n Spencer, Edward, Truths, Respecting Mrs Hannah More’s Meeting Houses, and the Conduct of her Followers; Addressed to the Curate of Blagdon , n Spenser, Edmund Faerie Queene, The Sterne, Lawrence Steuart, James Stone, John Hurford , , sublime, the, as revolutionary aesthetic , and landscape , and subjection , – Sudan, Rajani , n Sunday schools , Sutherland, Kathryn , , n, n Swift Tennenhouse, Lennard , n Thirty-nine Articles Thompson, E P – Thompson, H Thornton, Henry , Tooke, John Horne tourism travel and male Romantic writers journals , see Clarke, Gilpin, Hutchinson, Radcliffe, West and Wordsworth Trimmer, Sarah Trumpener, Katie – n Tucker, Josiah universities – utilitarianism , , , Voltaire, , Wakefield, Priscilla , Walpole, Horace, –, , Castle of Otranto , n Wedgewood, Josiah n Wesley West, Thomas Guide to the Lakes n Whale, John n Whig values , , and the picturesque – and coffee-house culture Wilberforce, William , – Wilkes, John Williams, Helen Maria , , , , , , –, , , , , –, , anti-war poetry – canonical fortunes –, , , as coquette – Edwin and Eltruda: A Legendary Tale Julia n Letters from France , –, , Odes ‘An Ode on the Peace’ n Peru; in Six Cantos ‘A Poem on the Bill Lately Passed for Regulating the Slave Trade’ n Poems on Various Subjects n sentimental poetry – Sketches of the State of Manners and Opinions in Index the French Republic sonnets , Souvenirs de la Re´volution Franc¸aise , n A Tour in Switzerland , n Wilson, Kathleen , n, n Wollstonecraft, Mary , , , , , , , , , , , , , –, , , An Historical and Moral View of the Origin and Progress of the French Revolution; and the Effect it has Produced in Europe , –, –, A Letter on the Present Character of the French Nation , Letters to Gilbert Imlay – Letters Written During a Short Residence in Sweden, Norway and Denmark , , , , – Maria; or, The Wrongs of Woman –, , , Mary, A Fiction , A Vindication of the Rights of Men , , A Vindication of the Rights of Woman , , , , , , women’s studies Wordsworth, William , , , , Pseudonym ‘Axiologus’ , , n ‘On Seeing Miss Helen Maria Williams Weep at a Tale of Distress’ , , n as representative Romantic writer , Preface to the Lyrical Ballads –, , , ‘Lines Written a few Miles above Tintern Abbey’ Topographical Description of the Country of the Lakes in North of England or A Guide Through the District of the Lakes , n Yearsley, Ann Young, Arthur Yuval-Davis, Nira n CAMBRIDGE STUDIES IN ROMANTICISM General editors University of Oxford University of Chicago Romantic Correspondence: Women, Politics and the Fiction of Letters British Romantic Writers and the East: Anxieties of Empire Edmund Burke’s Aesthetic Ideology Language, Gender and Political Economy in Revolution Poetry as an Occupation and an Art in Britain, – In the Theatre of Romanticism: Coleridge, Nationalism, Women Keats, Narrative and Audience Romance and Revolution: Shelley and the Politics of a Genre Literature, Education, and Romanticism Reading as Social Practice, – Women Writing about Money: Women’s Fiction in England, – Shelley and the Revolution in Taste: The Body and the Natural World William Cobbett: The Politics of Style The Rise of Supernatural Fiction, – Women Travel Writers and the Language of Aesthetics, – Napoleon and English Romanticism Romantic Vagrancy: Wordsworth and the Simulation of Freedom Wordsworth and the Geologists Wordsworth’s Pope: A Study in Literary Historiography The Politics of Sensibility Race, Gender and Commerce in the Sentimental Novel Reading Daughters’ Fictions – Novels and Society from Manley to Edgeworth Romantic Identities: Varieties of Subjectivity, – Print Politics The Press and Radical Opposition in Early Nineteenth-Century England Reinventing Allegory British Satire and the Politics of Style, – The Romantic Reformation Religious Politics in English Literature, – De Quincey’s Romanticism Canonical Minority and the Forms of Transmission Coleridge on Dreaming Romanticism, Dreams and the Medical Imagination Romantic Imperialism Universal Empire and the Culture of Modernity Ideology and Utopia in the Poetry of William Blake Sexual Politics and the Romantic Author Lyric and Labour in the Romantic Tradition Poetry and Politics in the Cockney School Keats, Shelley, Hunt and their Circle Rousseau, Robespierre and English Romanticism Contesting the Gothic Fiction, Genre and Cultural Conflict, – Romanticism, Aesthetics, and Nationalism Romantic Poets and the Culture of Posterity The Crisis of Literature in the s Print Culture and the Public Sphere Romantic Atheism: Poetry and Freethought, – Romanticism and Slave Narratives Transatlantic Testimonies Imagination Under Pressure, – Aesthetics, Politics and Utility Romanticism and the Gothic Genre, Reception, and Canon Formation Romanticism and the Human Sciences Poetry, Population, and the Discourse of the Species The Poetics of Spice Romantic Consumerism and the Exotic British Fiction and the Production of Social Order, – Women Writers and the English Nation in the s ... used the term belongings to signal, in three principal ways, the economic and affective underpinnings of the imagined community of the English nation, and women s relation to it in the s In the. .. of femininity and erases herself from the familial, heterosexual structure of the nation Her belonging depends on Women writers and the English nation in the s her belonging to another,... texts in the canon of Romantic nationalism, Edmund Burke’s Reflections on the Revolution in France, brings together these images of the land and the constitution in the familial unity of the nation- state.¹¹