MMM This page intentionally left blank This ambitious study offers a radical reassessment of one of the most important concepts of the Romantic period – the imagination In contrast to traditional accounts, John Whale locates the Romantic imagination within the period’s lively and often antagonistic polemics on aesthetics and politics In particular he focuses on the different versions of imagination produced within British writing in response to the cultural crises of the French Revolution and the ideology of utilitarianism Through detailed analysis of key texts by Burke, Paine, Wollstonecraft, Bentham, Hazlitt, Cobbett and Coleridge, Imagination Under Pressure seeks to restore the role of imagination as a more positive force within cultural critique The book concludes with a chapter on the afterlife of the Coleridgean imagination in the work of John Stuart Mill and I A Richards As a whole it represents a timely and inventive contribution to the ongoing redefinition of Romantic literary and political culture is Senior Lecturer in English at the University of Leeds He is the author of Thomas De Quincey’s Reluctant Autobiography (), co-editor with Stephen Copley of Beyond Romanticism: New Approaches to Texts and Contexts, – (), and editor of Edmund Burke’s Reflections on the Revolution in France, ‘Texts in Culture’ series () MMM I M A G I NA T I O N U N D E R P R E S S U R E , – General editors Professor Marilyn Butler University of Oxford Professor James Chandler University of Chicago Editorial board John Barrell, University of York Paul Hamilton, University of London Mary Jacobus, Cornell University Kenneth Johnston, Indiana University Alan Liu, University of California, Santa Barbara Jerome McGann, University of Virginia David Simpson, University of California, Davis This series aims to foster the best new work in one of the most challenging fields within English literary studies From the early s to the early s a formidable array of talented men and women took to literary composition, not just in poetry, which some of them famously transformed, but in many modes of writing The expansion of publishing created new opportunities for writers, and the political stakes of what they wrote were raised again by what Wordsworth called those ‘great national events’ that were ‘almost daily taking place’: the French Revolution, the Napoleonic and American wars, urbanization, industrialization, religous revival, an expanded empire abroad and the reform movement at home This was an enormous ambition, even when it pretended otherwise The relations between science, philosophy, religion and literature were reworked in texts such as Frankenstein and Biographia Literaria; gender relation in A Vindication of the Rights of Woman and Don Juan; journalism by Cobbett and Hazlitt; poetic form, content and style by the Lake School and the Cockney School Outside Shakespeare studies, probably no body of writing has produced such a wealth of response or done so much to shape the responses of modern criticism This indeed is the period that saw the emergence of those notions of ‘literature’ and of literary history, especially national literary history, on which modern scholarship in English has been founded The categories produced by Romanticism have also been challenged by recent historicist arguments The task of the series is to engage both with a challenging corpus of Romantic writings and with the changing field of criticism they have helped to shape As with other literary series published by Cambridge, this one will represent the work of both younger and more established scholars, on either side of the Atlantic and elsewhere For a complete list of titles published see end of book I M A G I NA T I ON U N D E R P R E S S U R E , – Aesthetics, Politics and Utility JO HN WHALE The Pitt Building, Trumpington Street, Cambridge, United Kingdom The Edinburgh Building, Cambridge CB2 2RU, UK 40 West 20th Street, New York, NY 10011-4211, USA 477 Williamstown Road, Port Melbourne, VIC 3207, Australia Ruiz de Alarcón 13, 28014 Madrid, Spain Dock House, The Waterfront, Cape Town 8001, South Africa http://www.cambridge.org © John Whale 2004 First published in printed format 2000 ISBN 0-511-03446-6 eBook (Adobe Reader) ISBN 0-521-77219-2 hardback for John Battle MMM Bibliography Rousseau, Jean-Jacques, Oeuvres Comple`tes, ed Bernard Gagnebin and Marcel Raymond, vols (Paris: Editions Gallimard, ) The Social Contract and Discourses, trans G D H Cole (London: Dent, ; revised and augmented by J H Brummett and John C Hall ; first published ) de Volney, C.-F The Ruins (translated from the French, first impression , second impression, London ) Wollstonecraft, Mary, The Works of Mary Wollstonecraft, ed Janet Todd and Marilyn Butler, vols (London: Pickering and Chatto, ) Collected Letters of Mary Wollstonecraft, ed Ralph M Wardle (Ithaca and London: Cornell University Press, ) Wordsworth, William, The Prelude or Growth of a Poet’s Mind (Text of ), ed Ernest de Selincourt, corrected by Stephen Gill (Oxford University Press, ) S EC ONDA R Y S OU R CE S Albrecht, W P., Hazlitt and the Creative Imagination (Lawrence: University of Kansas Press, ) Aldridge, A Owen, Thomas Paine’s American Ideology (Newark, London and Toronto: Associated University Presses, ) Arac, Jonathan, Critical Genealogies: Historical Situations for Postmodern Literary Studies (New York: Columbia University Press, ) Baker, Herschel, William Hazlitt (Cambridge, Mass and London: Harvard University Press, ) Baldick, Chris, The Social Mission of English Criticism – (Oxford University Press, ) Barker-Benfield, G-J., The Culture of Sensibility: Sex and Society in Eighteenth-century Britain (Chicago and London: Chicago University Press, ) ‘Mary Wollstonecraft: Eighteenth-Century Commonwealthwoman’, Journal of the History of Ideas, (), pp – Barrell, John, English Literature in History: An Equal Wide Survey (London: Hutchinson, ) ‘John Clare, William Cobbett, and the Changing Landscape’, in The New Pelican Guide to English Literature, vol , From Blake to Byron (Harmondsworth: Penguin, ), pp – The Political Theory of Painting from Reynolds to Hazlitt: ‘The Body of the Public’ (New Haven and London: Yale University Press, ) Bate, Jonathan, Romantic Ecology: Wordsworth and the Environmental Tradition (London: Routledge, ) Shakespearean Constitutions: Politics, Theatre, Criticism – (Oxford: Clarendon Press, ) Bialostosky, Don H., Wordsworth, Dialogics, and the Practice of Criticism (New York and Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, ) Bibliography Blakemore, Steven, Burke and the Fall of Language: The French Revolution as Linguistic Event (Hanover and London: University Press of New England, ) Intertextual War: Edmund Burke and the French Revolution in the Writings of Mary Wollstonecraft, Thomas Paine, and James Mackintosh (Madison, Teaneck: Fairleigh Dickinson University Press; London: Associated University Presses, ) Boulton, J T., The Language of Politics in the Age of Wilkes and Burke (London: Routledge and Kegan Paul, ) Bourke, Richard, Romantic Discourse and Political Modernity: Wordsworth, the Intellectual and Cultural Critique (Hemel Hempstead: Harvester Wheatsheaf, ) Brisman, Leslie, ‘Coleridge and the Supernatural’, Studies in Romanticism, (), pp – Bromwich, David, Hazlitt: The Mind of a Critic (New York and Oxford: Oxford University Press, ) Bullitt, John M., ‘Hazlitt and the Romantic Conception of Imagination’, Philological Quarterly, (), pp – Butler, Marilyn, Burke, Paine, Godwin, and the Revolution Controversy, Cambridge English Prose Texts (Cambridge University Press, ) Romantic, Rebels, and Reactionaries: English Literature and Its Background – (Oxford University Press, ) Bygrave, Stephen, ‘Land of the Giants: Gaps, Limits and Audience in Coleridge’s Biographia Literaria’, in Copley and Whale (eds.), Beyond Romanticism, pp – Cafarelli, Annette Wheeler, Prose in the Age of Poets: Romanticism and Biographical Narrative from Johnson to De Quincey (Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, ) Chandler, Alice, A Dream of Order: The Medieval Ideal in Nineteenth-Century English Literature (Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, ) Chandler, James K., ‘Burke’s Mixed systems: the Political Economy of Burke’s Reflections’, presented at ‘Our Present Discontents: A Conference to Mark the Bicentenary of Edmund Burke’s Death’, Goldsmiths College, University of London, July Wordsworth’s Second Nature: A Study of the Poetry and the Politics (Chicago and London: University of Chicago Press, ) Christensen, Jerome, Coleridge and the Blessed Machine of Language (Ithaca: Cornell University Press, ) Claeys, Gregory, Thomas Paine: Social and Political Thought (Boston: Unwin Hyman, ) Coleman, Deirdre, Coleridge and The Friend (–) (Oxford: Clarendon Press, ) Colmer, John, Coleridge: Critic of Society (Oxford: Clarendon Press, ) Conger, Syndy McMillan, Sensibility in Transformation: Creative Resistance to Sentiment from the Augustans to the Romantics (London and Toronto: Fairleigh Dickinson University Press, Associated University Presses, ) Cook, Jonathan, ‘Hazlitt: Criticism and Ideology’, in Romanticism and Ideology: Bibliography Studies in English Writing – (London: Routledge, ), pp – Copley, Stephen, and John Whale (eds.), Beyond Romanticism: New Approaches to Texts and Contexts – (London: Routledge, ) Deane, Seamus, The French Revolution and Enlightenment in England – (Cambridge Mass and London: Harvard University Press, ) De Bolla, Peter, The Discourse of the Sublime: Readings in History, Aesthetics and the Subject (Oxford: Basil Blackwell, ) De Bruyn, Frans, The Literary Genres of Edmund Burke: The Political Uses of Literary Form (Oxford: Clarendon Press, ) Dentith, Simon, A Rhetoric of the Real: Studies in Post-Enlightenment Writing from to the Present (Hemel Hempstead and New York: Harvester Wheatsheaf, ) Dinwiddy, John, Bentham, Past Masters (Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press, ) Dyck, Ian, William Cobbett and Rural Popular Culture (Cambridge Unversity Press, ) Eagleton, Terry, The Ideology of the Aesthetic (Oxford: Basil Blackwell, ) ‘William Hazlitt: an Empiricist Radical’, New Blackfriars, (), pp – Egan, Kieran, and Dan Nadamer (eds.), Imagination and Education (Milton Keynes: Open University Press, ) Engell, James, The Creative Imagination: Enlightenment to Romanticism (Cambridge, Mass and London: Harvard University Press, ) Essick, Robert N., ‘William Blake, Thomas Paine, and Biblical Revolution’, Studies in Romanticism, (), pp – Everest, Kelvin, Revolution in Writing: British Literary Responses to the French Revolution (Milton Keynes: Open University Press, ) and Alison Yarrington (eds.), Reflections of Revolution: Images of Romanticism, (London: Routledge, ) Fairer, David, ‘Organizing Verse: Burke’s Reflections and Eighteenth-Century Poetry’, Romanticism, : (), pp – Favret, Mary, Romantic Correspondence: Women, Politics, and the Fiction of Letters (Cambridge University Press, ) Ferguson, Frances, Solitude and the Sublime: Romanticism and the Aesthetics of Individuation (London and New York: Routledge, ) ‘Wollstonecraft Our Contemporary’, Gender and Theory: Dialogues on Feminist Criticism, Linda Kauffman (ed.) (Oxford and New York: Basil Blackwell, ), pp – Foner, Eric, Tom Paine and Revolutionary America (Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press, ) Friedman, Barton R., Fabricating History: English Writers on the French Revolution (Princeton University Press, ) Furniss, Tom, Edmund Burke’s Aesthetic Ideology: Language, Gender and Political Economy in Revolution (Cambridge University Press, ) ‘Rhetoric in Revolution: The Role of Language in Paine’s Critique of Bibliography Burke’, in Revolution and English Romanticism: Politics and Rhetoric (London: Routledge, ), pp – ‘Stripping the Queen: Edmund Burke’s Magic Lantern Show’, in Burke and the French Revolution: Bicentennial Essays, ed Steven Blakemore (Athens and London: The University of Georgia Press, ), pp – Gallagher, Catherine, ‘The Body versus the Social Body in the Works of Thomas Malthus and Henry Mayhew,’ Representations, (), pp – Gallant, Christine (ed.), Coleridge’s Theory of Imagination Today (New York: AMS Press, ) Garnett, Mark, ‘Hazlitt Against Burke: Radical versus Conservative’, Durham University Journal, (), pp – Gibbons, Luke, ‘Customs in Contention: Burke, Ireland and the Colonial Sublime’, delivered at ‘Our Present Discontents: A Conference to Mark the Bicentenary of Edmund Burke’s Death’, Goldsmiths College, University of London, July Gilmartin, Kevin, ‘Burke, Popular Opinion, and the Problem of a CounterRevolutionary Public Sphere’, in Edmund Burke’s Reflections on the Revolution in France, Texts in Culture, ed John Whale (forthcoming from Manchester University Press) Print Politics: The Press and Radical Opposition in Early Nineteenth-Century England (Cambridge University Press, ) Gravil, Richard, Lucy Newlyn, and Nicholas Roe (eds.), Coleridge’s Imagination: Essays in Memory of Pete Laver (Cambridge University Press, ) Green, Daniel, Great Cobbett: The Noblest Agitator (Oxford University Press, ) Hale´ vy, Elie, The Growth of Philosophical Radicalism, trans Mary Morris (London: Faber & Faber, ) Hamilton, Paul, Coleridge’s Poetics (Oxford: Basil Blackwell, ) Hardy, Barbara, ‘Distinction with Difference: Coleridge’s Fancy and Imagination’, Essays in Criticism, (), pp – Harrison, Ross, Bentham, The Arguments of the Philosophers series (London, Melbourne and Henley: Routledge and Kegan Paul, ) Heinzelman, Kurt, The Economics of the Imagination (Amherst: University of Massachusetts Press, ) Ingham, Patricia, The Language of Class: Transformation in the Victorian Novel (London and New York: Routledge, ) Jacobus, Mary, ‘In Love with a Cold Climate: Travelling with Wollstonecraft’, in First Things: The Maternal Imaginary in Literature, Art, and Psychoanalysis (New York and London: Routledge, ), pp – Janowitz, Ann, England’s Ruins: Poetic Purpose and the National Landscape (Cambridge, Mass and London: Blackwell, ) Johnson, Claudia L., Equivocal Beings: Politics, Gender, and Sentimentality in the s (Chicago and London: University of Chicago Press, ) Jones, Chris, Radical Sensibility: Literature and Ideas in the ’s (London and New York: Routledge, ) Bibliography Jones, Stanley, Hazlitt: A Life from Winterslow to Frith Street (Oxford: Clarendon Press, ) Jones, Vivien, ‘‘‘The Tyranny of the Passions’’: Feminism and Heterosexuality in the Fiction of Wollstonecraft and Hays’, in Sally Ledger, Josephine McDonagh, and Jane Spencer (eds.), Political Gender: Texts and Contexts (New York and London: Harvester Wheatsheaf, ), pp – ‘Women Writing Revolution: Narratives of History and Sexuality in Wollstonecraft and Williams’, Beyond Romanticism, ed Copley and Whale (London and New York: Routledge, ), pp – Kaplan, Cora, Sea Changes: Essays in Culture and Feminism (London: Verso, ) Kearney, Richard, The Wake of Imagination: Towards A Postmodern Culture (London: Routledge, ) Kelly, Gary, Revolutionary Feminism: The Mind and Career of Mary Wollstonecraft (Basingstoke and London: Macmillan, ) Women, Writing, and Revolution – (Oxford: Clarendon Press, ) Klancher, Jon P., The Making of English Reading Audiences, – (Madison: University of Wisconsin Press, ) Leask, Nigel, The Politics of Imagination in Coleridge’s Critical Thought (Basing-stoke: Macmillan, ) Leavis, F R (ed.), Mill on Bentham and Coleridge (London: Chatto and Windus, ) Levinson, Marjorie, Marilyn Butler, Jerome McGann, and Paul Hamilton, Rethinking Historicism (Oxford and New York: Basil Blackwell, ) Liu, Alan, Wordsworth: The Sense of History (Stanford University Press, ) Lock, F P., Burke’s Reflections on the Revolution in France (London: Allen and Unwin, ) Lockridge, Laurence, Coleridge the Moralist (Ithaca and London: Cornell University Press, ) McCalman, Iain, Radical Underworld: Prophets, Revolutionaries, and Pornographers in London, – (Cambridge University Press, ) McDonagh, Josephine, De Quincey’s Disciplines (Oxford: Clarendon Press, ) McFarland, Thomas, ‘The Origin and Significance of Coleridge’s Theory of Secondary Imagination’, in Geoffrey Hartman (ed.), New Perspectives on Coleridge and Wordsworth: Selected Papers from the English Institute (New York and London: Columbia University Press, ) Romantic Cruxes: The English Essayists and the Spirit of the Age (Oxford: Clarendon Press, ) McGann, Jerome J., ‘The Biographia Literaria and the Contentions of English Romanticism’, in Frederick Burwick (ed.), Coleridge’s ‘Biographia Literaria’: Text and Meaning (Columbus: Ohio State University Press, ), pp – The Romantic Ideology: A Critical Investigation (Chicago and London: University of Chicago Press, ) Mackie, J., The Miracle of Theism (Oxford University Press, ) Martin, Philip, ‘Romanticism, History, Historicisms’, in Revolution in Writing: Bibliography British Literary Responses to the French Revolution, ed Kelvin Everest (Milton Keynes: Open University Press, ), pp – Mee, Jon, Dangerous Enthusiasm: William Blake and the Culture of Radicalism in the s (Oxford University Press, ) Mitchell, W T J., Iconology: Image, Text, Ideology (Chicago and London: University of Chicago Press, ) Moore, Jane, ‘Plagiarism with a Difference: Subjectivity in ‘‘Kubla Khan’’ and Letters Written During a Short Residence in Sweden, Norway and Denmark’, in Copley and Whale (eds.), Beyond Romanticism, pp – ‘Unseating the Philosopher-Knight’, in Political Gender: Texts and Contexts, Sally Ledger, Josephine McDonagh, and Jane Spencer (eds.) (New York and London: Harvester Wheatsheaf, ), pp – Nattrass, Leonora, William Cobbett: The Politics of Style (Cambridge University Press, ) Newlyn, Lucy, ‘Coleridge and the Anxiety of Reception’, Romanticism, : (), pp – O’Hara, J D., ‘Hazlitt and the Functions of the Imagination’, PMLA, (), pp – Ogden, A K and I A Richards, The Meaning of Meaning: A Study of the Influence of Language Upon Thought and the Science of Symbolism (London: Kegan Paul, ; first published ) Osborne, John W., William Cobbett: His Thought and his Times (New Bruns-wick: Rutgers University Press, ) Park, Roy, Hazlitt and The Spirit of the Age: Abstraction and Critical Theory (Oxford: Clarendon Press, ) Paulin, Tom, The Day-Star of Liberty: William Hazlitt’s Radical Style (London: Faber and Faber, ) Paulson, Ronald, Representations of Revolution (–) (New Haven and London: Yale University Press, ) Philp, Mark, Paine, Past Masters (Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press, ) Pocock, J G A., Politics, Language and Time: Essays on Political Thought and History (New York: Atheneum, ) Virtue, Commerce and History: Essays on Political Thought and History, Chiefly in the Eighteenth Century (Cambridge and New York: Cambridge University Press, ) Poovey, Mary, The Proper Lady and the Woman Writer: Ideology as Style in the Works of Mary Wollstonecraft, Mary Shelley, and Jane Austen (Chicago and London: University of Chicago Press, ) Pyle, Forest, The Ideology of Imagination: Subject and Society in the Discourse of Romanticism (Stanford University Press, ) Reid, Christopher, Edmund Burke and the Practice of Political Writing (Dublin and New York: Gill and Macmillan, ) Reiss, Timothy J., ‘Revolution in Bounds: Wollstonecraft, Women, and Reason’, in Gender and Theory, ed Linda Kauffman (Oxford and New York: Basil Blackwell, ), pp – Bibliography Richardson, Alan, Literature, Education, and Romanticism: Reading As Social Practice – (Cambridge University Press,) Salle, J-C., ‘Hazlitt the Associationist’, Review of English Studies, (), pp – Sambrook, James, William Cobbett (London: Routledge and Kegan Paul, ) Sapiro, Virginia, A Vindication of Political Virtue: The Political Theory of Mary Wollstonecraft (Chicago and London: University of Chicago Press, ) Scarre, Geoffrey, Utilitarianism (London: Routledge, ) Schweizer, Karl W and John W Osborne, Cobbett in His Times (Leicester University Press, ) Simpson, David, ‘Coleridge on Wordsworth and the Form of Poetry’, in Coleridge’s Theory of Imagination Today, Georgia State Literary Studies , Christine Gallant (ed.) (New York: AMS Press, ), pp – Romanticism, Nationalism, and the Revolt Against Theory (Chicago and London: University of Chicago Press, ) Wordsworth’s Historical Imagination: The Poetry of Displacement (New York and London: Methuen, ) Siskin, Clifford, The Historicity of Romantic Discourse (New York and Oxford: Oxford University Press, ) Smith, Kenneth, The Malthusian Controversy (London: Routledge and Kegan Paul, ) Smith, Olivia, The Politics of Language, – (Oxford: Clarendon Press, ) Spater, George, William Cobbett: The Poor Man’s Friend, vols (Cambridge University Press, ) Stanlis, Peter J., Edmund Burke and Natural Law (Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, ) Steintrager, James, Bentham (London: George Allen and Unwin, ) Taylor, Barbara, ‘Mary Wollstonecraft and the Wild Wish of Early Feminism’, History Workshop Journal, (), pp – Thompson, E P., The Making of the English Working Class (Harmondsworth: Penguin Books, ; first published Victor Gollancz, ) Tomaselli, Sylvana, ‘Moral Philosophy and Population Questions in Eighteenth-Century Europe’, in Michael S Teitelbaum and Jay M Winter (eds.), Population and Resources in Western Intellectual Traditions (Cambridge University Press, ), pp – Turner, John, ‘Burke, Paine, and the Nature of Language’, Yearbook of English Studies, (), pp – Warnock, Mary, Imagination and Time (Oxford: Basil Blackwell, ) Whale, John, ‘Hazlitt on Burke: The Ambivalent Position of a Radical Essayist’, Studies in Romanticism, (), pp – ‘Literal and Symbolic Representation: Burke, Paine and the French French Revolution’, History of European Ideas, (), pp – ‘Indian Jugglers: Romantic Orientalism and the Difference of View’, in Romanticism and Colonialism: Writing and Empire, –, Tim Fulford and Peter Kitson (eds.) (Cambridge University Press, ), pp – Bibliography Thomas De Quincey’s Reluctant Autobiography (Beckenham and Totowa New Jersey: Croom Helm and Barnes and Noble, ) Wheeler, Kathleen, Sources, Processes, and Methods in Coleridge’s ‘Biographia Literaria’ (Cambridge University Press, ) Willey, Basil, Nineteenth Century Studies: Coleridge to Matthew Arnold (Cambridge University Press, ) Williams, Raymond, Culture and Society – (Harmondsworth: Penguin, ; first published ) Keywords: A Vocabulary of Culture and Society (London: Fontana, ) William Cobbett (Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press, ) Wilson, David A., Paine and Cobbett: The Transatlantic Connection (Kingston and Montreal: McGill-Queen’s University Press, ) Wood, Marcus, Radical Satire and Print Culture – (Oxford: Clarendon Press, ) Wood, Neal, ‘The Aesthetic Dimension of Burke’s Political Thought’, Journal of British Studies, (), pp – Woodring, Carl, ‘Coleridge: the Politics of Imagination’, Studies in Romanticism, (), pp – Worrall, David, Radical Culture: Discourse, Resistance, and Surveillance, – (Hemel Hempstead: Harvester/Wheatsheaf, ) Index ‘Burke and Hare’ murders, Butler, Marilyn, Abrams, M H., Althusser, Louis, American independence, American revolution, aristocratic culture, , , , , , , , Aristotle, Arnold, Matthew, , assignats, Athenaeum, Auden, W H., Baldick, Chris, n Barker-Benfield, C J., n, n Barrell, John, , n, n Bate, Jonathan, , n Bentham, Jeremy, , , –, , , , –, –, , Anarchical Fallacies – Fragment on Government – Rationale of Reward Blackstone, William – Commentaries – Bloom, Harold, , Bonaparte, see Napoleon Bourke, Richard, British constitution, , , –, –, Appeal from the New to the Old Whigs , Enquiry into the Sublime and Beautiful –, , , Reflections , , , –, –, , , , , , , –, , , Speech on Conciliation with Colonies and the constitution –, – and Coleridge – and difficulty – and necessity – and the organic , –, and Paine –, –, and religious opinion Romanticism – and Wollstonecraft , Campanella, Tomasso, Cartesian dualism, Cartwright, Major John, Castlereagh, Robert, Viscount, Chandler, James, chivalry, , , , , , , Claeys, Gregory, n Cobbett, William, , , , , , , –, , Advice to Young Men , The Beauties of Cobbett The Book of Wonders Cottage Economy , Grammar of the English Language , Journal of a Year’s Residence in the US – ‘Observations on the Emigration of Priestley’ Paper Against Gold n Political Register Rural Rides –, , –, , , – Surplus Population on paper-money on ‘the system’ , Coleridge, S T., , , , , , , , –, , , , , , , –, –, – Biographia Literaria , , , , , , , , , On the Constitution of Church and State , , –, ‘Dejection: an Ode’ The Friend , , , , n ‘Kubla Khan’ Poetical Works Lay Sermons , , , , , Statesman’s Manual Table Talk , n Index ‘Work without Hope’ and Burke – and the organic , Hazlitt on – idea of ‘One Life’ , ‘the Idea’ , , , Condorcet, Marie Jean Antoine Nicolas Caritat, Marquis de, , Progress of the Human Mind Conger, Syndy McMillan, n Damien, Robert Frances, De Bolla, Peter, De Man, Paul, De Quincey, Thomas, Dickens, Charles, Hard Times Dyck, lan , n Eagleton, Terry , , , n The Ideology of the Aesthetic , Edinburgh Review , , Eliot, George, Middlemarch Eliot, T S., Empson, William, Engell, James, n Engels, Frederick, English revolutionaries, Fairer, David, n Favret, Mary, n Ferguson, Frances, n Foucault, Michel, , Fox, Charles James, , Fox, W J., French constitution, , Furniss, Tom, n, n Gibbons, Luke, n Gilmartin, Kevin, n, n, n ‘Glorious Revolution’, , Godwin, William, –, , , Bible Stories n Caleb Williams Political Justice – Goethe, Johann Wolfgang von, Hale´ vy, Elie, Hartley, David, , Hartman, Geoffrey, , Hazlitt, William, , , , , , , , , , , , , –, , , , , Liber Amoris Life of Napoleon , The Plain Speaker , , , Spirit of the Age , , , – ‘On Benevolence’ ‘On the Character of Burke’ , ‘On the Character of the Country People’ ‘On the Spirit of Partisanship’ ‘The Late Murders’ ‘The New School of Reform’ ‘Parliamentary Eloquence’ On the Principles of Human Action ‘On the Prose Style of Poets’ ‘On Reason and Imagination’ , – ‘What is the People?’ on Burke – Heinzelman, Kurt, –, Helve´ tius, Claude-Adrien, Herder, Johann Gottfried von, , Hobbes, Thomas, Horace, Hume, David, , , Imlay, Gilbert, , Ingham, Patricia, n Jacobus, Mary, n Johnson, Claudia L., n Jones, Vivien, n Kant, Immannuel, , , post-Kantian aesthetics Kaplan, Cora, n Kearney, Richard, , , n Kelly, Gary, n Klancher, Jon, , , n, n, n Law, John, Leask, Nigel, , The Politics of Coleridge’s Imagination libertinism, , , literalism, , , , , Liu, Alan, Livy, , Longinus, Louis XV, (King of France), Lovat, (Simon Fraser), Lord, , Lyotard, Jean-Francois, Lyrical Ballads, Magna Carta, Malthus, Thomas, , , , , , , , , , Mandeville, Bernard, Index Marx, Karl, , , , n McGann, Jerome, , , M Memoirs of Granville Sharp, Michelet, Jules, Mill, John Stuart, , , , , , , , –, – Autobiography , – Logic crisis –, Milton, John, , Moore, Jane, n Napoleon Bonaparte, , , , , , Nattrass, Leonora, n Necker, Jacques, De L’Importance des Opinions Religeuse Newlyn, Lucy, n New Monthly Magazine, Osborne, John W., n Paine, Thomas, , , , –, , –, , , , , –, , Age of Reason , , –, Common Sense The Crisis Papers Decline andFall of the English System of Finance , – ‘On Dream’ ‘The Eighteenth Fructidor’ ‘First Principles of Government’ –, ‘The Forester’s Letters’ – ‘Letter to Abbe Raynal’ ‘Letters to American Citizens’ ‘The Magazine in America’ – ‘Prospects on the Rubicon’ , Rights of Man , , , –, , , , , , and the body – and Burke –, –, and commerce and deism – and slavery – Paley, William, , –, , , , n Principles of Moral and Political Philosophy Paulin, Tom, n paper-money, , , , Park, Roy, n Peacock, Thomas Love, Philp, Mark, n Pitt, William, , Plato, , political economy, , , Poovey, Mary, n postmodernity, Price, Richard, Pyle, Forest, – rationalism, , , , , Raynal, Abbe´ Guillaume-Thomas-Francois, Reagan, Ronald, Reynolds, Joshua, Revolution Society, , Ricardo, David, , Richards, A., , , , – Coleridge on Imagination – Science and Poetry Speculative Instruments n The Viking Portable Coleridge Richardson, Alan, Roebuck, John Arthur, romantic aesthetics, , romantic ideology, , , Rousseau, Jean-Jacques, , , , , , –, , , , , , , , Confesssions Discourse on Political Economy Du Contrat Social Emile – and Wollstonecraft –, Sapiro, Virginia, n Shakespeare, William, Shelley, Percy Bysshe, , Simpson, David, , Siskin, Clifford, n Smith, Adam, , , Smith, Olivia, n Snow, C P., Southcott, Joanna, Southey, Robert, South Sea Bubble, , sublime, , , , , , , , , , and beautiful –, Burkean sublime , –, , , rational sublime , Swift, Jonathan, , Gulliver’s Travels Tantalus, Thompson, E P., , n, n Taylor, Barbara, n United States of America, Virgil, Index Volney, Constantin Francois de Chasseboeuf, Warnock, Mary, – Watson, Richard (Bishop), , n Apology for the Bible Whitbread, Samuel, Williams, Raymond, , , , , , Culture and Society Williams, William Carlos, Windham, William, Wollstonecraft, Mary, , , , , , , –, , , Historical and Moral View – Mary – Rights of Men , –, , Rights of Woman , , –, , , – Sweden, Norway, and Denmark , , , , , , , Thoughts on the Education of Daughters –, , and Burke , and Christianity and commerce , , , , and genius , , and libertinism and Rousseau –, and sensibility , , Wordsworth, William, , , , , , –, , ‘Immortality Ode’ ‘Preface to Lyrical Ballads’ The Prelude , Yeats, W B., General editors University of Oxford University of Chicago Romantic Correspondence: Women, Politics and the Fiction of Letters British Romantic Writers and the East: Anxieties of Empire Edmund Burke’s Aesthetic Ideology Language, Gender and Political Economy in Revolution Poetry as an Occupation and an Art in Britain, – In the Theatre of Romanticism: Coleridge, Nationalism, Women Keats, Narrative and Audience Romance and Revolution: Shelley and the Politics of a Genre Literature, Education, and Romanticism Reading as Social Practice, – Women Writing about Money: Women’s Fiction in England, – Shelley and the Revolution in Taste: The Body and the Natural World William Cobbett: The Politics of Style The Rise of Supernatural Fiction, – Women Travel Writers and the Language of Aesthetics, – Napoleon and English Romanticism Romantic Vagrancy: Wordsworth and the Simulation of Freedom Wordsworth and the Geologists Wordsworth’s Pope: A Study in Literary Historiography The Politics of Sensibility Race, Gender and Commerce in the Sentimental Novel Reading Daughters’ Fictions – Novels and Society from Manley to Edgeworth Romantic Identities: Varieties of Subjectivity, – Print Politics The Press and Radical Opposition in Early Nineteenth-Century England Reinventing Allegory British Satire and the Politics of Style, – The Romantic Reformation Religious Politics in English Literature, – De Quincey’s Romanticism Canonical Minority and the Forms of Transmission Coleridge on Dreaming Romanticism, Dreams and the Medical Imagination Romantic Imperialism Universal Empire and the Culture of Modernity Ideology and Utopia in the Poetry of William Blake Sexual Politics and the Romantic Author Lyric and Labour in the Romantic Tradition Poetry and Politics in the Cockney School Keats, Shelley, Hunt and their Circle Rousseau, Robespierre and English Romanticism Contesting the Gothic Fiction, Genre and Cultural Conflict, – Romanticism, Aesthetics, and Nationalism Romantic Poets and the Culture of Posterity The Crisis of Literature in the s Print Culture and the Public Sphere Romantic Atheism: Poetry and Freethought, – Romanticism and Slave Narratives Transatlantic Testimonies Imagination Under Pressure, – Aesthetics, Politics and Utility ... Romanticists; and most particularly to share my interest in Hazlitt and Cobbett with Greg Dart and Kevin Gilmartin Sally, Helen, and Lucy have had to live with an imagination under pressure all... produced through repressions and erasures alongside its opponent utility In what follows I have addressed imagination sometimes as a key word in the discourse of aesthetics and perception and sometimes... Marilyn Butler University of Oxford Professor James Chandler University of Chicago Editorial board John Barrell, University of York Paul Hamilton, University of London Mary Jacobus, Cornell University