This page intentionally left blank In Rhythm and Will in Victorian Poetry, Matthew Campbell explores the work of four Victorian poets – Tennyson, Browning, Hopkins and Hardy – as they show a consistent and innovative concern with questions of human agency and will The Victorians saw the virtues attendant upon a strong will as central to themselves and to their culture, and Victorian poetry strove to find an aesthetic form to represent this sense of the human will Through close study of the metre, rhyme and rhythm of a wide range of poems – including monologue, lyric and elegy – Campbell reveals how closely technical questions of poetics are related, in the work of these poets, to issues of psychology, ethics and social change He goes on to discuss more general questions of poetics, and the implications of the achievement of the Victorian poets in a wider context, from Milton through Romanticism and into contemporary critical debate Matthew Campbell is Lecturer in English Literature at the University of Sheffield, and co-editor of Beyond the Pleasure Dome: Writing and Addiction from the Romantics () He has published articles in Essays in Criticism, English, Tennyson Research Bulletin, Bulla´n and the European Journal of English Studies MMMMMM - RHYT HM AND WILL IN VICTORIAN POETRY CA MB RIDG E ST UD IES IN N I NE T EE N T H -C E N T U RY L I T E RA TUR E A ND CU L TUR E General editor Gillian Beer, University of Cambridge Editorial board Isobel Armstrong, Birkbeck College, London Terry Eagleton, University of Oxford Leonore Davidoff, University of Essex Catherine Gallagher, University of California, Berkeley D A Miller, Columbia University J Hillis Miller, University of California, Irvine Mary Poovey, New York University Elaine Showalter, Princeton University Nineteenth-century British literature and culture have been rich fields for interdisciplinary studies Since the turn of the twentieth century, scholars and critics have tracked the intersections and tensions between Victorian literature and the visual arts, politics, social organisation, economic life, technical innovations, scientific thought – in short, culture in its broadest sense In recent years, theoretical challenges and historiographical shifts have unsettled the assumptions of previous scholarly syntheses and called into question the terms of older debates Whereas the tendency in much past literary critical interpretation was to use the metaphor of culture as ‘background’, feminist, Foucauldian, and other analyses have employed more dynamic models that raise questions of power and of circulation Such developments have reanimated the field This series aims to accommodate and promote the most interesting work being undertaken on the frontiers of the field of nineteenth-century literary studies: work which intersects fruitfully with other fields of study such as history, or literary theory, or the history of science Comparative as well as interdisciplinary approaches are welcomed A complete list of titles published will be found at the end of the book RHYT HM AND WILL IN VI CT ORI AN POETRY M A TT H E W C A MP B E L L The Pitt Building, Trumpington Street, Cambridge, United Kingdom The Edinburgh Building, Cambridge CB2 2RU, UK 40 West 20th Street, New York, NY 10011-4211, USA 477 Williamstown Road, Port Melbourne, VIC 3207, Australia Ruiz de Alarcón 13, 28014 Madrid, Spain Dock House, The Waterfront, Cape Town 8001, South Africa http://www.cambridge.org © Matthew Campbell 2004 First published in printed format 1999 ISBN 0-511-03661-2 eBook (Adobe Reader) ISBN 0-521-64295-7 hardback For Valerie, Maeve and Hannah XXXXXX Bibliography Bloom, Harold, Poetry and Repression, London: Oxford University Press, Bradley, A C., A Commentary on In Memoriam, nd edn, London: Macmillan, Brady, Ann, Pompilia: A Feminist Reading of Robert Browning’s The Ring and the Book, Athens: Ohio University Press, Brashear, William R., The Living Will: A Study of Tennyson and Nineteenth-Century Subjectivism, The Hague: Mouton, Bridges, Robert, Milton’s Prosody, Oxford: Oxford University Press, Brimley, George, Essays, Cambridge: Macmillan, Bristow, Joseph, The Victorian Poet, Poetics and Personae, London: Routledge, Robert Browning, London: Harvester, ‘Nation, Class and Gender: Tennyson’s Maud and War’, in Rebecca Stott, ed., Tennyson, London: Longman, Brown, Daniel, Hopkins’ Idealism: Philosophy, Physics, Poetry, Oxford: Oxford University Press, Brown, Susan, ‘Pompilia: The Woman (in) Question’, Victorian Poetry, vol , no (Spring ) Barrett Browning, Elizabeth, Aurora Leigh, ed Kerry McSweeney, Oxford: Oxford University Press, Browning, Robert, The Poems, ed J Pettigrew and T J Collins, vols., Harmondsworth: Penguin, The Ring and the Book, ed Richard D Altick, Harmondsworth: Penguin, The Letters of Robert Browning and Elizabeth Barrett Barrett, –, ed Elvan Kintner, vols., Cambridge: Harvard University Press, The Brownings’ Correspondence, ed P Kelley and R Hudson, Winfield: Wedgestone, – Buckler, William E., The Victorian Imagination: Essays in Aesthetic Exploration, Brighton: Harvester, Campbell, Matthew, ‘Tennyson and Hardy’s Ghostly Metres’, Essays in Criticism, vol , no (October ) ‘Tennyson’s Epic Procrastination’, English, vol , no (Spring ) Carlyle, Thomas, The Centenary Edition of the Works of Thomas Carlyle, London: Chapman and Hall, – Heroes and Hero-Worship, London: Chapman and Hall, Critical and Miscellaneous Essays, vols., London: Chapman and Hall, Sartor Resartus, London: Chapman and Hall, Chesterton, G K., Robert Browning, London: Macmillan, Christ, Carol T., Victorian and Modern Poetics, Chicago: Chicago University Press, Clough, Arthur Hugh, The Poems, ed A L P Norrington, Oxford: Oxford University Press, Coleridge, S T., Biographia Literaria, ed J Engell and W J Bate, vols., London: Routledge, Poetical Works, ed E H Coleridge, Oxford: Oxford University Press, Collins, Philip, ed., Tennyson: Seven Essays, London: Macmillan, Bibliography Cook, A K., A Commentary Upon Browning’s The Ring and the Book, Oxford: Oxford University Press, Cooke, Michael, The Romantic Will, New Haven: Yale University Press, Cooper, Lane, A Concordance to the Poems of William Wordsworth, London: Smith, Elder, Crystal, David, The English Tone of Voice, London: Edwin Arnold, Culler, A Dwight, The Poetry of Tennyson, New Haven: Yale University Press, ‘Monodrama and the Dramatic Monologue’, PMLA, vol , no (May ) Danzig, Allen, ‘The Contraries: A Central Concept in Tennyson’s Poetry’, PMLA, vol , no (December ) Davie, Donald, Thomas Hardy and British Poetry, London: Routledge, ‘Hardy’s Virgilian Purples’, Agenda, vol () Davidson, Donald, Essays on Action and Events, Oxford: Oxford University Press, Davis, Philip, Memory and Writing from Wordsworth to Lawrence, Liverpool: Liverpool University Press, De Man, Paul, ‘The Rhetoric of Blindness’, in Blindness and Insight, nd edn, London: Methuen, De Vane, William Clyde, A Browning Handbook, nd edn, New York: AppletonCentury-Crofts, Dowden, Edward, Transcripts and Studies, London: K Paul, Trench, Drew, Philip, ed., Robert Browning: A Collection of Critical Essays, London: Methuen, The Poetry of Browning, A Critical Introduction, London: Methuen, Eliot, T S., Selected Prose, ed Frank Kermode, London: Faber, Ellsberg, Margaret, Created To Praise: The Language of Gerard Manley Hopkins, Oxford: Oxford University Press, Empson, William, Argufying: Essays on Literature and Culture, ed John Haffenden, London: Hogarth Press, Milton’s God, London: Chatto, The Structure of Complex Words (), London: Hogarth Press, English Poetry, the Chadwyck Healey Full Text Poetry Database, CD ROM, Cambridge: Chadwyck Healey, Ferrier, J F., An Introduction to the Philosophy of Consciousness, Blackwood’s Edinburgh Magazine, vols – (February – April ) FitzGerald, Edward, Letters, ed A M Terhune and A B Terhune, vols., Princeton: Princeton University Press, Fredeman, W E., ‘‘‘A Sign Betwixt the Meadow and the Cloud’’: The Ironic Apotheosis of St Simeon Stylites’, University of Toronto Quarterly, vol () Fussell, Paul, Poetic Meter and Poetic Form, rev edn, New York: Random House, Gardner, W H., Gerard Manley Hopkins (–), A Study of Poetic Idiosyncrasy Bibliography in Relation to Poetic Tradition, vols., London: Secker and Warburg, – Garwood, Helen, Thomas Hardy: An Illustration of the Philosophy of Schopenhauer, Philadelphia: John Winston, Gransden, K W., Tennyson, In Memoriam, London: Arnold, Griffiths, Eric, The Printed Voice of Victorian Poetry, Oxford: Oxford University Press, Gross, Harvey, Sound and Form in Modern Poetry: A Study of Prosody from Thomas Hardy to Robert Lowell, Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, Guest, Edwin, A History of English Rhythms (), nd edn, ed Walter Skeat, London: George Bell, Hair, Donald, ‘‘‘Matter-moulded forms of speech’’’, Victorian Poetry, vol () Hallam, Arthur Henry, The Letters of Arthur Henry Hallam, ed J Kolb, Columbus: Ohio State University Press, The Writings of Arthur Henry Hallam, ed T.H Vail Motter, London: Oxford University Press, Hamilton, Sir William, Lectures on Metaphysics and Logic, vols., ed H L Mansel and John Veitch, Edinburgh: Blackwood, Hardy, Emma, Some Recollections, ed Evelyn Hardy and Robert Gittings, London: Oxford University Press, Hardy, Florence, The Life of Thomas Hardy, –, one vol edn, London: Macmillan, Hardy, Thomas, The Complete Poetical Works, ed Samuel Hynes, vols., Oxford: Oxford University Press, – The Literary Notebooks of Thomas Hardy, ed L A Bjoărk, vols., Gothenburg: Acta Universitatis Gothoburgensis, Selected Poems of Thomas Hardy, ed G M Young, London: Macmillan, Thomas Hardy, Selected Poems, ed Tim Armstrong, London: Longman, Hartley, David, Observations on Man, His Duty, and His Expectations, vols., London: Leake and Frederick, Hartman, Geoffrey H., Wordsworth’s Poetry, –, New Haven: Yale University Press, ‘Words, Wish, Worth: Wordsworth’, in Deconstruction and Criticism, London: Routledge, Hassett, Constance W., The Elusive Self in the Poetry of Robert Browning, Athens: Ohio University Press, Hazlitt, William, An Essay on the Principles of Human Action (), Gainsville: Scholars’ Facsimiles and Reprints, Hill, Geoffrey, ‘Redeeming the Time’, in The Lords of Limit: Essays on Literature and Ideas, London: Deutsch, Hobsbaum, Philip, Metre, Rhythm and Verse Form, London: Routledge, Hodell, C W., ed., The Old Yellow Book, nd edn, Washington: Carnegie Institute, Hollander, John, Vision and Resonance, Oxford: Oxford University Press, Bibliography The Figure of Echo: A Mode of Allusion in Milton and After, Berkeley: University of California Press, Rhyme’s Reason, New Haven: Yale University Press, Honan, Park, Browning’s Characters, New Haven: Yale University Press, Hopkins, Gerard Manley, Gerard Manley Hopkins, ed Catherine Phillips, the Oxford Authors, Oxford: Oxford University Press, The Poetical Works of Gerard Manley Hopkins, ed Norman MacKenzie, Oxford: Oxford University Press, The Correspondence of Gerard Manley Hopkins and R W Dixon, ed C C Abbott, London: Oxford University Press, The Letters of Gerard Manley Hopkins to Robert Bridges, ed C C Abbott, London: Oxford University Press, The Note-Books and Papers of Gerard Manley Hopkins, ed Humphrey House, London: Oxford University Press, Further Letters of Gerard Manley Hopkins, Including his Correspondence with Coventry Patmore, ed C C Abbott, London: Oxford University Press, The Journals and Papers of Gerard Manley Hopkins, ed Humphrey House and Graham Storey, Oxford: Oxford University Press, The Sermons and Devotional Writings of Gerard Manley Hopkins, ed Christopher Devlin, S J., Oxford: Oxford University Press, Horder, Jeremy, Provocation and Responsibility, Oxford: Oxford University Press, R H Horne, The Poems of Geoffrey Chaucer Modernized, London: Whittaker, A New Spirit of the Age, London: Smith, Elder, Hughes, Linda K., The Many-Faced Glass: Tennyson’s Dramatic Monologues, Athens: Ohio University Press, Hunt, Leigh, Imagination and Fancy, in Works (), London: Smith, Elder, Hutton, Richard Holt, Criticisms on Contemporary Thought and Thinkers, vols., London: Macmillan, Literary Essays, London: Macmillan, Jacobus, Mary, Romanticism, Writing and Sexual Difference: Essays on ‘The Prelude’, Oxford: Oxford University Press, Jakobson, Roman, ‘Closing Statement: Linguistics and Poetics’, in T A Sebeok, ed., Style in Language, Cambridge: Harvard University Press, James, Henry, ‘The Novel in The Ring and the Book’, The Quarterly Review, vol (July ) Views and Reviews, ed Le Roy Philips (), facsimile reprint, New York: AMS, James, William, Pragmatism, A New Name for Some Old Ways of Thinking (), ed F T Bowers and I K Skrupskelis, Cambridge: Harvard University Press, Johnson, Samuel, The Rambler, ed W J Bate and A B Strauss, vol , New Haven: Yale University Press, Bibliography Joseph, Gerhard, The Weaver’s Shuttle: Tennyson and the Text, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, Jump, John D., ed., Tennyson, The Critical Heritage, London: Routledge, Kant, Immanuel, Critique of Pure Reason, trans Norman Kemp Smith, London: Macmillan, Groundwork of the Metaphysic of Morals (), trans H J Paton, rd edn, London: Harper and Row, Karlin, Daniel, The Courtship of Robert Browning and Elizabeth Barrett, Oxford: Oxford University Press, Browning’s Hatreds, Oxford: Oxford University Press, Kerrigan, John, ‘Writing Numbers: Keats, Hopkins and the History of Chance’, in Nicholas Roe, ed., Keats and History, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, Killham, John, Critical Essays on the Poetry of Tennyson, London: Routledge, Kincaid, James R., Tennyson’s Major Poems: The Comic and Ironic Patterns, New Haven: Yale University Press, Kipling, Rudyard, Selected Poems, ed T S Eliot, London: Faber, Lang, Cecil Y., ‘Tennyson’s Arthurian Psycho-Drama’, Lincoln: Tennyson Society, Langbaum, Robert, The Poetry of Experience, New York: Random House, The Modern Spirit, London: Chatto, Lanier, Sidney, The Science of English Verse, New York: Scribner’s, Latane´, Donald, Browning’s Sordello and the Aesthetics of Difficulty, British Columbia: University of Victoria Press, Leavis, F R., New Bearings in English Poetry, rd edn, Harmondsworth: Peregrine, Leech, Geoffrey N., A Linguistic Guide to English Poetry, London: Longman, Leighton, Angela, Elizabeth Barrett Browning, Brighton: Harvester, Leighton, Angela, ed., Victorian Women Poets: A Critical Reader, Oxford: Blackwell, Litzinger, Boyd, ed., Browning, The Critical Heritage, London: Routledge, McDonald, Peter, ‘Rhyme and Determination in Hopkins and Edward Thomas’, Essays in Criticism, vol , no (July ) MacKenzie, Norman, Hopkins, Edinburgh: Oliver and Boyd, The Poetical Works of Gerard Manley Hopkins, Oxford: Oxford University Press, Malof, Joseph, A Manual of English Metres, Bloomington: Indiana University Press, Mayor, Joseph B., Chapters On English Metre, nd edn, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, Meynell, Wilfrid, ‘The Detachment of Browning’, The Athenaeum, no ( January ) Mill, James, Analysis of the Phenomena of Human Mind, ed John Stuart Mill and Alexander Bain, London: Longmans, Bibliography Miller, J Hillis, The Disappearance of God, Cambridge: Harvard University Press, Milton, John, The Complete Shorter Poems, ed John Carey, London: Longmans, Morgan, Thais E., ‘Violence, Creativity and the Feminine: Poetics and Gender Politics in Swinburne and Hopkins’, in A H Harrison and B Taylor, eds., Gender and Discourse in Victorian Literature and Art, De Kalb: Northern Illinois University Press, Nicholl, W Robertson and Thomas J Wise, eds., Literary Anecdotes of The Nineteenth Century, vols., London: Hodder and Stoughton, Nunokowa, Jeff, ‘In Memoriam and the Extinction of the Homosexual’, in Rebecca Stott, ed., Tennyson, London: Longman, O’Brien, William, The Ancient Rhythmical Art Recovered; or A New Method of Explaining the Metrical Structure of Greek Tragical Chorus, Dublin: A Milliken, Omond, T S., A Study of Metre, London: Grant Richards, Metrical Rhythm, Tunbridge Wells: R Pelton, English Metrists, Oxford: Oxford University Press, Ong, Walter, Hopkins, The Self and God, Toronto: University of Toronto Press, Orel, Harold, Thomas Hardy’s Epic-Drama: A Study of The Dynasts, Laurence: University of Kansas Press, Patmore, Coventry, ‘In Memoriam’, North British Review, vol , no (August ) ‘English Metrical Critics’, North British Review, vol , no (August ) ‘Essay on English Metrical Law’ (), Appendix to Poems, nd edn, vols., London: George Bell, Pattison, Robert, Tennyson and Tradition, Cambridge: Harvard University Press, Paulin, Tom, Thomas Hardy and the Poetry of Perception, London: Macmillan, ; nd edn Peltason, Timothy, Reading In Memoriam, Princeton: Princeton University Press, Platizky, Roger, The Blueprint of His Dissent: Madness and Method in Tennyson’s Poetry, Lewisburg, PA: Bucknell University Press, Plato, Protagoras, , trans W R M Lamb, London: Loeb, Pollard, Arthur, ‘Three Horace Translations by Tennyson’, Tennyson Research Bulletin, vol , no () Pope, Alexander, The Poems, ed Bonamy Dobree, London: Dent, Pound, Ezra, Selected Poems, London: Faber, Rader, Ralph Wilson, Tennyson’s Maud: The Biographical Genesis, Berkeley: University of California Press, Raine, Craig, ‘Harry Ploughman’, in Haydn and the Valve Trumpet, London: Faber, Ramazani, Jahan, Poetry of Mourning: The Modern Elegy from Hardy to Heaney, Chicago: Chicago University Press, Bibliography ‘Hardy’s Elegies for an Era: ‘‘By the Century’s Deathbed’’’, Victorian Poetry, vol , no (Summer ) Reed, John R., Victorian Will, Athens: Ohio University Press, Richardson, James, Thomas Hardy and the Poetry of Necessity, Chicago: Chicago University Press, Vanishing Lives: Style and Self in Tennyson, D G Rossetti, Swinburne and Yeats, Charlottesville: University of Virginia Press, Ricks, Christopher, The Force of Poetry, Oxford: Oxford University Press, Tennyson, nd edn, London: Macmillan, , new edn Rosenblum, Dolores Ryback, ‘The Act of Writing In Memoriam’, Victorian Poetry, vol () Rossetti, Christina, The Complete Poems, ed R W Crump, vols., Baton Rouge: Louisiana University Press, vols., Ruskin, John, The Works, ed E T Cook and A Wedderburn, vols., London: George Allen, – Sacks, Peter, The English Elegy: Studies in the Genre from Spenser to Yeats, Baltimore: Johns Hopkins Press, Saintsbury, George, A History of English Prosody, vols., London: Macmillan, – Historical Manual of English Prosody, London: Macmillan, ‘Some Recent Studies in English Prosody’, Proceedings of the British Academy, vol () Shapiro, Karl, English Prosody and Modern Poetry, Baltimore: Johns Hopkins Press, Shaw, W David, The Lucid Veil: Poetic Truth in the Victorian Age, London: Athlone Press, Shelley, Percy Bysshe, Poetical Works, ed T Hutchinson, new edn, ed G M Matthews, Oxford: Oxford University Press, Sheridan, Thomas, Lectures on the Art of Reading, vols., Dublin: Samuel Whyte, Sinfield, Alan, The Language of Tennyson’s In Memoriam, Oxford: Blackwell, Dramatic Monologue, London: Methuen, Alfred Tennyson, Oxford: Blackwell, ‘‘‘That Which Is’’: The Platonic Indicative in In Memoriam ’, Victorian Poetry, vol () Skeat, Walter William, ‘Scansion of English Poetry’, Transactions of the Philological Society, – Slinn, Warwick, Browning and the Fictions of Identity, London: Macmillan, Smiles, Samuel, Self Help, new edn, London: John Murray, Smith, James, ‘Wordsworth: A Preliminary Survey’, Scrutiny, vol , no ( June ) Smith, J C and B Hogan, Criminal Law, th edn, London: Butterworth, Spedding, James, ‘Arnold on Translating Homer’, Fraser’s Magazine For Town and Country, vol ( June ) Steele, Joshua, Prosodia Rationalis: An Essay Towards Establishing the Melody and Bibliography Measure of Speech, To be Expressed and Perpetuated by Peculiar Symbols, nd edn (), repr Menston: Scholars Press, Steele, Timothy, Missing Measures: Modern Poetry and the Revolt Against Metre, Fayetteville: University of Arkansas Press, Sussman, Herbert, Victorian Masculinities: Manhood and Masculine Poetics in Early Victorian Literature and Art, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, Symonds, J.A., ‘The Blank Verse of Milton’, Fortnightly Review, vol (December ) Taylor, Dennis, Hardy’s Poetry, –, London: Macmillan, Hardy’s Metres and Victorian Prosody, Oxford: Oxford University Press, ‘Hardy’s Use of Tennyson’s In Memoriam’, Tennyson Research Bulletin, vol , no () Tennyson, Alfred, The Poems of Tennyson, nd edn, ed Christopher Ricks, vols., London: Longman, In Memoriam A H H., ed Susan Shatto and Marion Shaw, Oxford: Oxford University Press, The Tennyson Archive, ed Christopher Ricks and Aidan Day, vols., New York: Garland, Tennyson, An Introduction and a Selection, ed W H Auden, London: Faber, The Letters of Alfred Lord Tennyson, ed Cecil Y Lang and Edgar F Shannon, vols., Oxford: Oxford University Press, – Tennyson, Charles, Alfred Tennyson, London: Macmillan, Tennyson, Charles and Hope Dyson, The Tennysons: Background to Genius, London: Macmillan, Tennyson, Hallam, Alfred Lord Tennyson, A Memoir By His Son, vols., London: Macmillan, Thomson, Alastair W., The Poetry of Tennyson, London: Routledge, Thornton, R K R., ed., All My Eyes See: The Visual World of Gerard Manley Hopkins, Sunderland: Ceolfrith Press, Tillotson, Geoffrey, A View of Victorian Literature, Oxford: Oxford University Press, Trager, G L and H L Smith, An Outline of English Structure, Norman, OK: Battenburg Press, Tucker, Herbert, Browning’s Beginnings: The Art of Disclosure, Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, Tennyson and the Doom of Romanticism, Cambridge: Harvard University Press, Vance, Norman, Sinews of the Spirit: The Ideal of Christian Manliness in Victorian Literature and Religious Thought, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, Vendler, Helen, The Breaking of Style, Cambridge: Harvard University Press, White, Norman, Hopkins, A Literary Biography, Oxford: Oxford University Press, Bibliography Wittgenstein, Ludwig, Tractatus Logico-Philosophicus, trans D F Pears and B F McGuinness, London: Routledge, Woolford, John, Browning the Revisionary, London: Macmillan, Wordsworth, William, Poetical Works, ed Thomas Hutchinson, rev Ernest De Selincourt, Oxford: Oxford University Press, The Prelude (Text of ), ed Ernest De Selincourt, corr Stephen Gill, Oxford: Oxford University Press, Wright, Walter F., The Shaping of The Dynasts, Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, Yeats, William Butler, The Collected Poems, nd edn, London: Macmillan, ‘A General Introduction For My Work’, in W B Yeats: Selected Criticism and Prose, ed A Norman Jeffares, London: Pan, Index , , , n , n , n ; ‘Andrea Del Sarto’, –; ‘Essay on Shelley’, , n ; ‘Fra Lippo Lippi’, –; ‘In a Gondola’, ; ‘My Last Duchess’, –, –, , –; Paracelsus, ; Pauline, , –, , ; ‘Porphyria’s Lover’, –; Red Cotton Night-Cap Country, ; Ring and the Book, The, , , –, –, , –, , , ; Sordello, –, –, , , , , , –, , , , , ; ‘Two in the Campagna’, , Buckler, William, Byron, Lord, , , n ; The Corsair, Adler, Joshua, n Albright, Daniel, n Allen, Peter, n Allingham, William, –, n ‘Angelus, The’, n Aristotle, ; Nichomachean Ethics, –, Arnold, Matthew, , Aquinas, St Thomas, Armstrong, Isobel, , , , –, , , , , , n , n , n , n Armstrong, Tim, , , n Attridge, Derek, xi, , , n Auden, W H , , Augustine, St, Austin, J L , –, , n Aviram, Amittai, Ball, Patricia, Barthes, Roland, , n Bayley, John, Beer, John, n Berry, Francis, Bentham, Jeremy, Bloom, Harold, –, , – Bradley, A C , , , n Brady, Ann, Brashear, William, , , n Bridges, Robert, , , –, , , , , , n ; Milton’s Prosody, , , – n Brimley, George, , , – Bristow, Joseph, Bronteă, Charlotte, n Brown, Daniel, , Brown, Susan, , , n Browning, Elizabeth Barrett, , , , , , , –, , , , , , , , n ; Aurora Leigh, – Browning, Robert, , , , , , , , , , , –, –, , , , , Carlyle, Thomas, , , , , ; Heroes and Hero-Worship, , , , ; Sartor Resartus, – Chesterton, G K , , Clifford, W K , , Clough, Arthur Hugh, –, , n Coleridge, Samuel Taylor, , , –, , , , , , ; Biographia Literaria, –, –, ; Christabel, –, , , ; Lyrical Ballads, – Cook, A K , Cooke, Michael, Cowley, Abraham, Culler, A Dwight, , , , n , n Dante Alighieri, , , Darwin, Charles, Davidson, Donald, Davie, Donald, –, , , n , n Davis, Philip, Day, Aidan, n De Man, Paul, Derrida, Jacques, Devlin, Christopher, Index Dixon, Richard Watson, , Donne, W B , Dowden, Edward, –, Dryden, John, Duffy (), n Dyson, Hope, n Ecclesiastes, Eliot, T S , –, , n , n Empson, William, –, Esmarch, Charles, Exodus, –, , Ferrier, J F , , , –, –, FitzGerald, Edward, , , , –, Fox, W J , , Fredeman, W E , Fussel, Paul, Gardner, W H , Garwood, Helen, n Gladstone, William, , n Goethe, Johann Wolfgang von, , Gransden, K W , n Griffiths, Eric, , , , –, n , n Hair, Donald, n Hallam, Arthur Henry, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , –, , –, n ; ‘Essay on the Philosophical Writings of Cicero’, –; ‘On The Characteristics of Modern Poetry’, , , , ; ‘On Sympathy’, –, , Hamilton, Sir William, , Hardy, Emma, , , –; Some Recollections, , , , Hardy, Florence: The Life of Thomas Hardy, –, Hardy, Thomas, , , , , –, , , –; ‘After a Journey’, –; ‘At Castle Boterel’, , , ; ‘Bird Catcher’s Boy, The’, ; ‘Convergence of the Twain, The’, ; ‘During Wind and Rain’, –; Dynasts, The, –, –, , n ; ‘Haunter, The’, ; Human Shows, ; ‘In Time of The Breaking of Nations’, ; Moments of Vision, ; ‘Neutral Tones’, –; ‘Pedigree, The’, –, ; ‘Places’, –; Poems of –, , , –, ; Satires of Circumstance, ; ‘Sign Seeker, A’, ; ‘Under the Waterfall’, –; ‘Voice, The’, ; ‘Weathers’, –; ‘Wessex Heights’, ; ‘Where the Picnic Was’, Hare, Julius, Hartley, David, , , Hartmann, Geoffrey, , –, , , n Hassett, Constance W , n Hazlitt, William, , , , , , n Hegel, Georg Wilhelm Friedrich, , , Hobsbaum, Philip, xi Hollander, John, xi, , , , – Homer, Hopkins, Gerard Manley, xi, –, , , , , , , , –, , , , , nn & , – n ; ‘As kingfishers catch fire’, , –; ‘Carrion Comfort’, ; ‘Harry Ploughman’, –, , , –, ; ‘Lines for a Picture of St Dorothea’, –, ; ‘On the Portrait of Two Beautiful Young People’, ; ‘Patience, hard thing’, ; ‘That Nature is an Heraclitean Fire’, –; ‘Tom’s Garland’, ; Wreck of the Deutschland, The, , –, , Horace, , – Horder, Jeremy, n Horne, R H , , n , n Hughes, Linda K , , –, n , n Hunt, Leigh, , n Hutton, R H , Jacobus, Mary, –, n Jakobson, Roman, , James, Henry, , , , , , , James, William, , Johnson, Samuel, –, , , , Joseph, Gerhard, Kant, Immanuel, , , , , , Karlin, Daniel, , , n Keats, John, , , , , –, , , , , , n Kelly (), Kerrigan, John, – Killham, John, n Kincaid, James, , n , n Kipling, Rudyard, Lang, Cecil, Langbaum, Robert, , , , , , n , n Latane´, Donald, Leavis, F R , , , Loyola, St Ignatius: Spiritual Exercises, –, , Index Luke, St, , MacKenzie, Norman, n Mallock, W H , Mann, R J , , Matthew, St, , Maurice, F D , , n McDonald, Peter, , Meynell, Wilfrid, – Mill, James, Mill, John Stuart, Miller, J Hillis, , n Milton, John, , , , , , , –, , – n ; Lycidas, , , ; Paradise Lost, , , –, ; Samson Agonistes, –, , , n Morgan, Thais E , Morris, William, Newman, John Henry, Nims, John Frederick, n Noel, Roden, – Nunokowa, Jeff, n Odyssey, The, Omond, T S , Ong, Walter, –, , n , n Orel, Harold, n Palgrave, Francis Turner, Pater, Walter, Patmore, Coventry, , , , , , , , ; ‘Essay on English Metrical Law’, , –, – Pattison, Robert, – n Paul, St, –, –, Paulin, Tom, , , , n Peltason, Timothy, , , , , , , n , n Philips, Catherine, Plato: Protagoras, Pope, Alexander, , n ; Essay on Criticism, Pound, Ezra, , Pugin, Augustus, Puttenham, George, Rader, Ralph Wilson, Ramazani, Jahan, –, Ransome, John Crowe, n Reed, John R , xii, , , Richardson, James, , n Ricks, Christopher, , , , , , , , n , n , n Rosenblum, Dolores, Ryback, Rossetti, Christina, , , , , , n ; Goblin Market, – Rousseau, Jean Jacques, Ruskin, John, , , , , , , , n ; Stones of Venice, – Sacks, Peter, M , , Saintsbury, George, – Schopenhauer, Arthur, , , , n Scott, Walter, , , n Scotus, Duns, , Shakespeare, William, , –, –, ; Romeo and Juliet, Shatto, Susan, n Shaw, Marion, n Shelley, Percy Bysshe, , , –, , , ; Adonais, , , Sidgewick, Henry, Sidney, Sir Philip, Sinfield, Alan, –, , , , , , , n , n Slinn, Warwick, Smiles, Samuel; Self Help, , Smith, James, , Sophocles, – Steele, Timothy, n Sussman, Herbert, , n Swinburne, Algernon, , , , , n Symonds, J A , Taylor, Dennis, , –, , , –, , , , , n , n , n Tennyson, Alfred, xi, , , , , , –, , , –, , , , , , –, –, , , , –, n , n , – n ; ‘Attempts at Classic Metres in Quantity’, , n ; ‘Break, Break, Break’, ; ‘Conrad! Why call thy life monotonous?’, –; Idylls of the King, , , , n ; In Memoriam, xii, , , , –, , , , , , , –, , –, , , , n ; ‘Locksley Hall’, , , ; ‘Locksley Hall Sixty Years After’, , ; ‘Lotos-Eaters, The’, , ; ‘Lucretius’, , ; ‘Mariana’, –, , ; Maud, , , , , , –, , , , , , , n ; ‘Morte d’Arthur’, ; Ode on the Death of the Duke of Wellington, , , –; ‘Oenone’, –, –, , ; ‘Oh! that ’twere possible’, –; ‘Palace of Art, The’, –, , ; Princess, The, , ; ‘Rizpah’, –, , ; ‘St Simeon Stylites’, –, n ; Index Tennyson, Alfred (cont.) ‘Tiresias’,; ‘Tithon’ / ‘Tithonus’, , –, , ; Translation of Horace’s Third Ode, –; ‘Ulysses’, , –, , –, , ; ‘Will’, – Tennyson, Charles, n Tennyson, Emily, , – Tennyson, Hallam, –, , , , , n , n Thomson, Alastair, Trager, G L , and Smith, H L , xi Trench, Richard Chevenix, , n Tucker, Herbert, , , , –, , , n , n Vance, Norman, n Walker, Frederick, , , n Walsh (), , n Wallace, Robert, xi, , n Ward, William George, Wedgewood, Julia, , n Wellington, Duke of, –, n Whitman, Walt, Wittgenstein, Ludwig, Woolford, John, , Wordsworth, William, –, , –, , , , , n , n ; The Excursion, n ; ‘Lucy’ poems, , –; Lyrical Ballads, –, , –; Michael, , –; Prelude, The, –; ‘Strange Fits of Passion’, –; ‘Thorn, The’, Wright, Walter F , n Yeats, William Butler, , , –, , , – Young, G M , , Zonana, Joyce, - General editor , University of Cambridge Titles published The Sickroom in Victorian Fiction: The Art of Being Ill by , Washington University Muscular Christianity: Embodying the Victorian Age edited by , California State University, Northridge Victorian Masculinities: Manhood and Masculine Poetics in early Victorian Literature and Art by , Northeastern University Byron and the Victorians by , University of Minnesota Literature in the Marketplace: Nineteenth-Century British Publishing and the Circulation of Books edited by , University of California, Santa Cruz and , Rice University Victorian Photography, Painting and Poetry The Enigma of Visibility in Ruskin, Morris and the Pre-Raphaelites by , University of Sussex Charlotte Bronteă and Victorian Psychology by , University of Sheffield The Gothic Body Sexuality, Materialism, and Degeneration at the Fin de Sie`cle by , University of Colorado at Boulder Rereading Walter Pater by , Eastern Michigan University Remaking Queen Victoria edited by , Yale University and , State University of New York, Stony Brook Disease, Desire, and the Body in Victorian Women’s Popular Novels by , University of Florida Realism, Representation, and the Arts in Nineteenth-Century Literature by , Middlebury College Literary Culture and the Pacific: Nineteenth-Century Textual Encounters by , King’s College, Cambridge Professional Domesticity in the Victorian Novel: Women, Work and Home by Victorian Renovations of the Novel Narrative Annexes and the Boundaries of Representation by , Washington and Lee University Actresses on the Victorian Stage Feminine Performance and the Galatea Myth by , University of Leeds Death and the Mother from Dickens to Freud Victorian Fiction and the Anxiety of Origins by , New York University Ancestry and Narrative in Nineteenth-Century British Literature Blood Relations from Edgeworth to Hardy by , University of London Dickens, Novel Reading, and the Victorian Popular Theatre by After Dickens: Reading Adaptation and Performance by , Georgetown University Victorian Women Writers and the Woman Question edited by , Kingston University, London Rhythm and Will in Victorian Poetry by , University of Sheffield