giải thích ngữ pháp theo từng unit tiếng anh 8 mới

LINH PHÒNG GIÁO DỤC – ĐÀO TẠO ĐỨC Trêng THCS ®øc tÝn Hồ Thị Phượng GRAMMAR CLASS - SÁCH THÍ ĐIỂM UNIT 1.LEISURE ACTIVITIES * Verbs of liking + gerunds :( Động từ + đuôi ING) Ve * Verbs of liking + to – infinitives: ( Đ (Động từ nguyên thể - Infinitives ( To + verb)) *Verbs of liking + V – ing.( động từ thêm ing) We often use the – ing form after verb of liking and not liking These verbs are like, love, enjoy, and hate ( not like ) Example : I like going to the cinema She hates cleaning the floor Nguyên tắc cách thêm đuôi ing sau Verb tiếng Anh Nguyên tắc thêm đuôi ing 1: Động từ tận e, ta bỏ e thêm ing Ví dụ: take => taking drive => driving Nhưng không bỏ e động từ tận ee Ví dụ: see => seeing agree => agreeing Nguyên tắc thêm ing 2: Động từ tận ie, ta biến ie thành ying Ví dụ: die => dying lie => lying Nhưng động từ tận y giữ nguyên y thêm ing Ví dụ: hurry => hurrying Nguyên tắc thêm ing 3: Ta nhân đôi phụ âm cuối trước thêm -ing động từ âm tiết tận “1 nguyên âm + phụ âm” Ví dụ: win => winning put => putting 4.Nguyên tắc thêm ing 4: Trong trường hợp động từ có từ hai âm tiết trở lên, ta nhân đôi phụ âm dấu nhấn âm rơi vào âm tiết cuối Ví dụ: perˈmit => perˈmitting preˈfer => preˈferring Nhưng khơng nhân đôi phụ âm dấu nhấn âm không rơi vào âm tiết cuối Ví dụ: open => opening enter => entering Verb + ing hay To + verb ? – Các động từ theo sau Gerund Infinitive Trong tiếng Anh, bạn muốn thêm động từ theo sau hành động khác, bạn phải sửa dụng Động danh từ – Gerund (Động từ + đuôi ING) Động từ nguyên thể – Infinitive (To + verb) Đây cách diễn tả hành động tác động mục đích hành động kia… Hãy xem ví dụ sau: We resumed talking.(gerund – verb + ing)  I want to see a movie.(infinitive – to + base verb) Có nhiều động từ cho phép động từ sau Gerund Infinitive dùng trường hợp (tuỳ ngữ cảnh), em cần phải ghi nhớ động từ Dưới danh sách nhiều số động từ em cần ghi nhớ cách dùng  Các động từ theo sau Gerund (Động danh từ): Ví dụ: He misses playing with his friends.– miss playing (gerund) abhor discontinue finish recommend acknowledge discuss forgive report admit dislike give up (stop) resent advise dispute keep (continue) resist allow dread keep on resume anticipate permit mention risk appreciate picture mind (object to) shirk avoid endure miss shun be worth enjoy necessitate suggest can’t help escape omit support celebrate evade postpone tolerate confess explain practice understand consider fancy prevent urge defend fear put off warrant delay feel like recall detest feign recollect Các động từ theo sau Infinitive (động từ nguyên thể) Example: She threatened to quit if she didn't get a raise agree demand mean seek appear deserve need seem arrange determine neglect shudder ask elect offer strive attempt endeavor pay struggle beg expect plan swear can/can’t afford fail prepare tend can/can’t wait get pretend threaten care grow (up) profess turn out chance guarantee promise venture choose hesitate prove volunteer claim hope refuse wait come hurry remain want consent incline request wish dare learn resolve would like decide manage say yearn Các động từ theo sau Gerund Infinitve – nghĩa thay đổi: Ví dụ: It started to rain./It started raining  begin  can’t bear  can’t stand  continue hate like love prefer propose start       Các động từ theo sau Gerund Infinitve – Nghĩa thay đổi hoàn toàn : I forgot to meet him.(I didn’t meet him because I forgot to it.) forget go on I forgot meeting him.(I don’t have the memory of meeting him before.) He went on to learn English and French.(He ended one period of time before this.) He went on learning English and French.(He continued learning the languages.) She quit to work here.(She quit another job in order to work here.) quit She quit working here.(She quit her job here She doesn’t work here anymore.) I regret promising to help you.(I’m sorry that I made the promise.) regret I regret to tell you that we can't hire you.(I’m telling you now, and I’m sorry.) She remembered to visit her grandmother.(She didn’t forget to visit.) remember She remembered visiting her grandmother.(She had memories of this time.) stop I stopped to call you.(I interrupted another action in order to call you.) I stopped calling you.(I stopped this activity Maybe we had a fight.) try I tried to open the window.(I attempted this action but didn’t succeed.) I tried opening the window.(This was one option I sampled Maybe the room was hot.) Động từ theo sau V-ing To infinitives *Các động từ phải có V-ING theo sau avoid (tránh ) admit (thừ a nhận ) advise (khuyên nhủ ) appreciate (đánh giá ) complete ( hoàn thành ) consider ( xem xét ) delay ( trì hỗn ) deny ( từ chối ) discuss ( thảo luận ) 10 dislike ( khơng thích ) 11 enjoy ( thích ) 12 finish ( hoàn thành ) 13 keep ( tiếp tục ) 14 mention (đề cập ) 15 mind ( phiền , ngại ) 16 miss (nhớ , bỏ lỡ ) 17 postpone ( trỉ hoãn ) 18 practice (luyện tập ) 19 quit (nghỉ , ) 20 recall ( nhắc nhở , nhớ ) 21 recollect ( nhớ ) 22 recommend (nhắc nhở ) 23 resent (bực tức ) 24 resist (kháng cự ) 25 risk ( rủi ro ) 26 suggest (đề nghị ) 27 tolerate (tha thứ ) 28 understand ( hiểu ) 29 can’t help (ko thể tránh / nhịn ) 30 can’t stand ( ko thể chịu đựng đc ) 31 can’t bear ( ko thể chịu đựng đc ) 32 It is no use / It is no good ( vơ ích ) 33 would you mind (có làm phiền ko) 34 to be used to ( quen với ) 35 to be / get accustomed to (dần quen với ) 36 to be busy ( bận rộn ) 37 to be worth ( xứng đáng ) 38 to look forward to (trông mong ) 39 to have difficulty / fun / trouble 40 to have a difficult time 41 TO GO + V-ING Ex: We should avoid playing with him *Các động từ phải có TO-infinitives (v) theo sau afford (đủ khả ) 18 manage (sắp xếp ) agree (đồng ý ) 19 mean (ý định ) appear ( xuất ) 20 need ( cần ) arrange ( xếp ) 21 offer (đề nghị ) ask ( hỏi , yêu cầu ) 22 plan ( lên kế hoạch ) beg ( nài nỉ , van xin ) 23 prepare ( chuẩn bị ) care ( chăm sóc ) 24 pretend ( giả vờ ) claim (đòi hỏi , yêu cầu ) 25 promise ( hứa ) consent ( lòng ) 26 refuse ( từ chối ) 10 decide ( định ) 27 seem ( dường ) 28 struggle (đấu tranh ) 11 demand ( yêu cầu ) 29 swear ( xin thề ) 12 deserve ( xứng đấng ) 30 threaten (đe doạ ) 13 expect ( mong đợi ) 31 volunteer ( tình nguyện ) 14 fail ( thất bại ) 32 wait (đợi ) 15 hesitate (do dự ) 33 want ( muốn ) 16 hope (hi vọng ) 34 wish ( mong ) 17 learn ( học ) Ex : We agree to start early GRAMMER CLASS - SÁCH THÍ ĐIỂM UNIT 2.LIFE IN THE COUNTRYSIDE SO SÁNH VỚI TÍNH TỪ VÀ TRẠNG TỪ (COMPARISON) I- PHÂN BIỆT TÍNH TỪ NGẮN & TÍNH TỪ DÀI, TRẠNG TỪ NGẮN & TRẠNG TỪ DÀI Phân biệt tính từ ngắn & tính từ dài: Tính từ ngắn (Short adjectives) Tính từ dài (Long adjectives) (Ký hiệu là: S-adj) (Ký hiệu là: L-adj) - Là tính từ có âm tiết - Là tính từ có từ âm tiết trở lên Ví dụ: Ví dụ: - red, long, short, hard,… - beautiful, friendly, humorous, … Trạng từ ngắn & Trạng từ dài: Trạng từ ngắn (Short adverbs) (Ký hiệu là: S-adv) Trạng từ dài (Long adverbs) (Ký hiệu là: L-adv) - Là trạng từ có âm tiết - Là trạng từ có âm tiết trở lên Ví dụ: Ví dụ: - hard, fast, near, far, right, wrong, … - quickly, interestingly, tiredly, … II- SO SÁNH BẰNG VỚI TÍNH TỪ VÀ TRẠNG TỪ So sánh với tính từ trạng từ: Cấu trúc: S1 + V + as + adj/adv + as + S2 + auxiliary V S1 + V + as + adj/ adv + as + O/ N/ pronoun Ví dụ: - She is as tall as I am = She is as tall as me (Cô cao tôi.) - He runs as quickly as I = He runs as quickly as me (Anh chạy nhanh tôi.) - Your dress is as long as my dress = Your dress is as long as mine (Váy bạn dài váy tơi.) So sánh với tính từ trạng từ * So sánh với tính từ ngắn trạng từ ngắn: Cấu trúc: S1 + S-adj + er/ S-adv- er + than + S2 + Axiliary V S1 + S-adj + er/ S-adv- er + than + O/ N/ Pronoun Trong đó: S-adj-er: tính từ ngắn thêm đuôi “er” S-adv-er: trạng từ ngắn thêm đuôi “er” S1: Chủ ngữ (Đối tượng so sánh) S2: Chủ ngữ (Đối tượng dùng để so sánh với đối tượng 1) Axiliary V: trợ động từ O (object): tân ngữ N (noun): danh từ Pronoun: đại từ Ví dụ: - This book is thicker than that one (Cuốn sách dày sách kia.) - They work harder than I = They work harder than me (Họ làm việc chăm tôi.) * So sánh với tính từ dài trạng từ dài: Cấu trúc: S1 + more + L-adj/ L-adv + than + S2 + Axiliary V S1 + more + L-adj/ L-adv + than + O/ N/ Pronoun Trong đó: L-adj: tính từ dài L-adv: trạng từ dài Ví dụ: - He is more intelligent than I am = He is more intelligent than me (Anh thông minh tôi.) - My friend did the test more carefully than I did = My friend did the test more carefully than me (Bạn làm kiểm tra cẩn thận tôi.) So sánh tính từ trạng từ + So sánh tính từ ngắn trạng từ ngắn: ………………………………………………………………………… you/ please/ give/ me/ lift/ station? ………………………………………………………………………… ĐÁP ÁN Bài 1: They (do) it for you tomorrow - will (Họ làm việc cho bạn vào ngày mai.) My father (call) you in minutes - will call (Bố gọi cho bạn phút nữa.) We believe that she (recover) from her illness soon - will recover (Chúng tin cô sớm hồi phục khỏi bệnh tật.) I promise I (return) school on time - will return (Tôi hứa trở trường giờ.) If it rains, he (stay) at home - will stay (Nếu trời mưa, anh nhà.) You (take) me to the zoo this weekend? - Will you take (Bạn đưa tớ đến sở thú cuối tuần chứ?) I think he (not come) back his hometown - won’t come (Tôi nghĩ không quay trở lại quê anh ta.) Bài 2: She/ hope/ that/ Mary/ come/ party/ tonight - She hopes that Mary will come to the party tonight (Cô hi vọng Mary tới bữa tiệc tối nay.) I/ finish/ my report/ days - I will finish my report in two days (Tơi hồn thành báo cáo ngày nữa.) If/ you/ not/ study/ hard/,/ you/ not/ pass/ final/ exam - If you don’t study hard, you won’t pass the final exam (Nếu bạn không học hành chăm chỉ, bạn không vượt qua kỳ thi cuối kỳ.) You/ look/ tired,/ so/ I/ bring/ you/ something/ eat - You look tired, so I will bring you something to eat (Trông bạn mệt mỏi, tơi mang cho bạn để ăn.) you/ please/ give/ me/ lift/ station? - Will you please give me a lift to the station? (Bạn làm ơn cho nhờ tới nhà ga không?) * Reported speech : statements LỜI NÓI TRỰC TIẾP VÀ LỜI NÓI GIÁN TIẾP TRONG TIẾNG ANH I Khái niệm: Lời nói trực tiếp (direct speech) lặp lại xác từ người  nói  Lời nói gián tiếp (indirect/reported speech) lời tường thuật lại ý người nói, đơi khơng cần phải dùng từ người nói II.3 nguyên tắc cần nhớ chuyển từ câu trực tiếp sang gián tiếp:  Đổi ngôi, đổi tân ngữ  Lùi  Đổi cụm từ thời gian, nơi chốn Cụ thể sau: Rule (Quy tắc) Tenses (Thì) Direct speech (Trực tiếp) Reported speech (Gián tiếp) Present simple (V/Vs/es) Hiện đơn Past simple (Ved) Quá khứ đơn Present progressive (is/am/are+Ving) Hiện tiếp diễn Past progressive (was/were+Ving) Quá khứ tiếp diễn Present perfect (have/has+VpII) Hiện hoàn thành Past perfect (had+VPII) Past simple (Ved) Quá khứ đơn Past perfect (had +VpII) Quá khứ hoàn thành Past progressive (was/were +Ving) Quá khứ tiếp diễn Past progressive/ Past perfect progressive (had +been +Ving) Quá khứ tiếp diễn / Quá khứ hoàn thành tiếp diễn Past perfect Quá khứ hoàn thành Past perfect Quá khứ hoàn thành Future simple (will +V) Tương lai đơn Future in the past (would +V) Tương lai khứ Near future (is/am/are +going to+V) Tương lai gần Was/were +going to +V Can May Must Could Might Must/Had to This That That That These Those Here There Modal verbs (Động từ khuyết thiếu) Adverb of place (Trạng từ nơi chốn) Adverb of time (Trạng từ thời gian) Quá khứ hoàn thành Now Then Today That day Yesterday The day before/ the previous day The day before yesterday Two days before Tomorrow The day after/the next (following) day The day after tomorrow Two days after/ in two days’ time Ago Before This week That week Last week The week before/ the previous week Last night The night before Next week The week after/ the following week I / me She, he /Her, him 5.Subject/Object (Chủ ngữ/tân We /our ngữ) You/you They/ them I, we/ me, us III Cách chuyển câu trực tiếp sang câu gián tiếp 1.Câu trực tiếp dạng câu kể/tường thuật: Câu gián tiếp: S+ said said to sb told sb that + Clause VD:  “I’m going to visit Japan next month”, she said → She said that she was going to visit Japan the following month  “He picked me up yesterday”, Lan said to me → Lan said to me that he had picked her up the day before 2.Câu trực tiếp dạng câu hỏi  Câu hỏi Yes/No question Câu hỏi Yes/No question câu hỏi mà người nghe phải lựa chọn trả lời Yes/No cho câu hỏi Câu gián tiếp: S+ asked asked sb wondered wanted to know if + Clause whether VD:  “Do you love English?”, the teacher asked → The teacher asked me if/whether I loved English  “Have you done your homeworked yet?”, they asked → They asked me if/whether I had done my homework yet Lưu ý: Nếu câu trực tiếp có từ “OR NOT” câu gián tiếp bắt buộc phải dùng WHETHER “Does she like roses or not?”, he wondered → He wondered whether she liked roses or not Câu hỏi Wh-questions  Câu hỏi Wh-questions câu hỏi hỏi Wh- (What, Where, When, Which, Why, How…) Câu gián tiếp: S+ asked asked sb wondered wanted to know + Clause (Wh-word + S + V(thì)) (Lưu ý: Khơng đảo ngữ vế này) VD: “Where you live, Nam?”, asked she → She asked Nam where he lived Câu trực tiếp dạng câu mệnh lệnh (Vinf/ Don’t + Vinf, please) Câu gián tiếp: S+ asked/told/ordered/advised/wanted/warne d + sb + (not) to Vinf VD:   “Open the book page 117, please”,the teacher said → The teacher asked us to open the book page 117 “Don’t touch that dog”, he said → He asked/told me not to touch that dog BÀI TẬP CÂU GIÁN TIẾP TRONG TIẾNG ANH Bài tập 1: Hoàn thành câu câu tường thuật Chú ý thay đổi đại từ "Where is my umbrella?" she asked She asked "How are you?" Martin asked us Martin asked us He asked, "Do I have to it?" He asked "Where have you been?" the mother asked her daughter The mother asked her daughter "Which dress you like best?" she asked her boyfriend She asked her boyfriend "What are they doing?" she asked She wanted to know "Are you going to the cinema?" he asked me He wanted to know The teacher asked, "Who speaks English?" The teacher wanted to know "How you know that?" she asked me She asked me 10 "Has Caron talked to Kevin?" my friend asked me My friend asked me Bài : Hoàn thành câu câu tường thuật Chú ý thay đổi đại từ 1 What's the time?" he asked → He wanted to know 2 "When will we meet again?" she asked me → She asked me 3 "Are you crazy?" she asked him → She asked him 4 "Where did they live?" he asked → He wanted to know 5 "Will you be at the party?" he asked her → He asked her 6 "Can you meet me at the station?" she asked me → She asked me 7 "Who knows the answer?" the teacher asked → The teacher wanted to know 8 "Why don't you help me?" she asked him → She wanted to know 9 "Did you see that car?" he asked me → He asked me 10. "Have you tidied up your room?" the mother asked the twins → The mother asked the twins Bài 3: Bài tập câu tường thuật requets(positive) "Stop talking, Joe," the teacher said → The teacher told Joe "Be patient," she said to him → She told him "Go to your room," her father said to her → Her father told her "Hurry up," she said to us → She told us "Give me the key," he told her → He asked her "Play it again, Sam," she said → She asked Sam "Sit down, Caron" he said → He asked Caron "Fill in the form, Sir," the receptionist said → The receptionist asked the guest "Take off your shoes," she told us → She told us 10 "Mind your own business," she told him Bài : Bài tập câu tường thuật Requests (negative) "Don't touch it," she said to him → She told him "Don't that again," he said to me → He told me "Don't talk to me like that," he said → He told her "Don't repair the computer yourself," she warned him → She warned him "Don't let him in," she said → She told me "Don't go out without me," he begged her → He begged her "Don't forget your bag," she told me → She told me "Don't eat in the lab," the chemistry teacher said → The chemistry teacher told his students "Don't give yourself up," he advised her → He advised her 10 "Don't hurt yourselves, boys," she said → She told the boys Bài 5: Bài tập câu tường thuật pha trộn negative positive She said, "Go upstairs." → She told me "Close the door behind you," he told me → He told me "Don't be late," he advised us → He advised us "Stop staring at me," she said → She told him "Don't be angry with me," he said → He asked her "Leave me alone," she said → She told me "Don't drink and drive," she warned us → She warned us "John, stop smoking," she said → She told John "Don't worry about us," they said → They told her 10 "Meet me at the cinema." he said → He asked me ĐÁP ÁN BÀI TẬP CÂU TƯỜNG THUẬT Bài 1: 10 She asked where her umbrella was Martin asked us how we were He asked if he had to it The mother asked her daughter where she had been She asked her boyfriend which dress he liked best She wanted to know what they were doing He wanted to know if I was going to the cinema The teacher wanted to know who spoke English She asked me how I knew that My friend asked me if Caron had talked to Kevin Bài 2: He wanted to know what the time was She asked me when we would meet again 10 She asked him if he was crazy He wanted to know where they had lived He asked her if she would be at the party She asked me if I could meet her at the station The teacher wanted to know who knew the answer She wanted to know why he didn't help her He asked me if I had seen that car The mother asked the twins if they had tidied up their room Bài 3: 10 The teacher told Joe to stop talking She told him to be patient Her father told her to go to her room She told us to hurry up He asked her to give him the key She asked Sam to play it again He asked Caron to sit down The receptionist asked the guest to fill in the form She told us to take off our shoes She told him to mind his own business.( Bài 4: 10 She told him not to touch it He told me not to that again He told her not to talk to him like that She warned him not to repair the computer himself She told me not to let him in He begged her not to go out without him She told me not to forget my bag The chemistry teacher told his students not to eat in the lab He advised her not to give herself up She told the boys not to hurt themselves Bài 5: She told me to go upstairs He told me to close the door behind me He advised us not to be late She told him to stop staring at her He asked her not to be angry with him She told me to leave her alone She warned us not to drink and drive She told John to stop smoking They told her not to worry about them 10 He asked me to meet him at the cinema GRAMMER CLASS - SÁCH THÍ ĐIỂM UNIT 12 LIFE ON OTHER PLANETS * may and might * Reported speech : questions * may and might  Khả xảy Mức độ khả năng: Cả hai từ nói khả việc, dùng might khả xảy thấp (dưới 50%), dùng may khả xảy cao (trên 50%) Ví dụ: I may go to Saigon tomorrow (khả cao)               She is a very busy, but I hope she might join us tomorrow (khả xảy thấp) Might thay cho cách nói "would perhaps": Might, khơng phải may, từ dùng có điều kiện: Thay nói: Don’t break bottle Perhaps you would get hurt Chúng ta nói gọn hơn: Don’t break bottle You might get hurt Hoặc: If the patient went to bed for an hour, she might feel better Might dùng để nói việc xảy không xảy khứ: If the weather was good, I might have gone out yesterday Đặt câu hỏi: không nên dùng may để hỏi kiện có khả xảy ra, mà nên dùng might: Khơng nên nói: May you go shopping tonight? Nên nói: Are you likely to go shopping tonight? Hoặc nên nói: Might you go shopping tonight? Dùng may might để xin phép Cả may might dùng để xin phép, might nhún nhường lịch hơn: May I open the door? Muốn uống thêm li rượu buổi tiệc toàn dân sang trọng, bạn nói: I wonder if I might have a little more wine Dùng may để … cấm, cấm lịch Students may not use this lecture theatre Đó cách nói nhẹ nhàng Nếu cần mạnh hơn, dùng must not: Students must not use this lecture theatre Dùng may might cách nói báo cáo hay gián tiếp cho phép sử dụng đó, dùng might khứ may: The professor says that we may use this lab The professor told me that we might use his office for this seminar Chúc tụng May (chứ khơng phải might) dùng để chúc tụng hay nói hi vọng:         May you both be very happy (chúc mừng đơi un ương hay đó) May God be with you (cầu nguyện thánh thần đó!) May she rest in peace (cầu nguyện cho người cố) May dùng thay cho although, despite, even if: Thay nói: Even if he is clever, he hasn’t got much common sense Có thể nói: He may be clever, but he hasn’t got much common sense You might/may be my boss, but that doesn’t mean you are better than me May/might as well Thỉnh thoảng muốn cho lựa chọn tối ưu, dùng may/might as well: It is so boring today We may as well go home We might as well go out (hàm ý nói chẳng có việc xứng đáng chơi) Nhưng nói: We’d better go out hàm ý nói phải chơi * Reported speech : questions( câu tường thuật dạng câu hỏi) a.Yes/No questions: S+asked/wanted to know/wondered+if/wether+S+V Sau Câu tường thuật: dạng câu hỏi tường thuật từ “asked”, “wanted to know”, “wondered”, “enquired” + “if / whether + clause”: Ex: ”Are you angry?”he asked -> He asked if/whether I was angry (Chuyển câu hỏi câu trực tiếp sang dạng khẳng định thực thay đổi thì,trạng từ thời gian,nơi chốn,chủ ngữ,tân ngữ · "Do you speak English?" Câu tường thuật: He asked me if I spoke English · "Are you British or American?" Câu tường thuật: He asked me whether I was British or American · "Is it raining?" Câu tường thuật: She asked if it was raining · "Have you got a computer?" Câu tường thuật: He wanted to know whether I had a computer · "Can you type?" Câu tường thuật: She asked if I could type · "Did you come by train?" Câu tường thuật: He enquired whether I had come by train · "Have you been to Bristol before?" Câu tường thuật: She asked if I had been to Bristol before b.Wh-questions: S + asked(+O)/wanted to know/wondered + Wh-words + S + V * says/say to + O -> asks/ask + O * said to + O -> asked + O Kiểu câu hỏi Câu tường thuật: hỏi với “asked”, “wanted to know”, “wondered”, “enquired” + question word + clause Vế chứa câu hỏi cần thay đổi cho phù hợp với vế hỏi: Ex: ”What are you talking about?”said the teacher -> The teacher asked us what we were talking about · "What is your name?" he asked me Câu tường thuật: He asked me what my name was · "How old is your mother?", he asked Câu tường thuật: He asked how old her mother was · The policeman said to the boy, "Where you live?" Câu tường thuật:The policeman asked the boy where he lived · "What time does the train arrive?" she asked Câu tường thuật: She asked what time the train arrived · "When can we have dinner?" she asked Câu tường thuật: She asked when they could have dinner · Peter said to John, "Why are you so late?" Câu tường thuật: Peter asked the John why he was so late Ex: ”What are you talking about?”said the teacher -> The teacher asked us what we were talking about ... Verb + ing hay To + verb ? – Các động từ theo sau Gerund Infinitive Trong tiếng Anh, bạn muốn thêm động từ theo sau hành động khác, bạn phải sửa dụng Động danh từ – Gerund (Động từ + đuôi ING) Động... Mậu) 2/ Khi danh từ không đếm danh từ số nhiều dùng theo nghĩa chung nhất, không riêng trường hợp Ví dụ:  I don’t like noodles (Tơi khơng thích mì)  I don’t like Mondays (Tơi chẳng thích ngày... ngắn thêm đuôi “er” S1: Chủ ngữ (Đối tượng so sánh) S2: Chủ ngữ (Đối tượng dùng để so sánh với đối tượng 1) Axiliary V: trợ động từ O (object): tân ngữ N (noun): danh từ Pronoun: đại từ Ví dụ: