The handbook of neoliberalism Neoliberalism is easily one of the most powerful concepts to emerge within the social sciences in the last two decades, and the number of scholars who write about this dynamic and unfolding process of socio-spatial transformation is astonishing Even more surprising is that there has, until now, not been an attempt to provide a broad volume that engages with the multiple registers in which neoliberalism has evolved The Handbook of Neoliberalism seeks to offer a wide-ranging overview of the phenomenon of neoliberalism by examining a number of ways that it has been theorized, promoted, critiqued, and put into practice in a variety of geographical locations and institutional frameworks With contributions from over 50 leading authors working at institutions around the world, the volume’s seven parts provide a systematic overview of neoliberalism’s origins, political implications, social tensions, knowledge productions, spaces, natures and environments, and aftermaths in addressing ongoing and emerging debates The volume aims to provide the first comprehensive overview of the field and to advance the established and emergent debates in a field that has grown exponentially over the past two decades, coinciding with the meteoric rise of neoliberalism as a hegemonic ideology, state form, policy and programme, and governmentality It includes a substantive introductory chapter and will serve as an invaluable resource for undergraduates, graduate students and professional scholars alike Simon Springer is an Associate Professor in the Department of Geography at University of Victoria, Canada Kean Birch is an Associate Professor in the Department of Social Science at York University, Canada Julie MacLeavy is a Senior Lecturer in Human Geography at the University of Bristol, UK ‘This extraordinary collection offers a comprehensive review of neoliberalism It answers all questions you may have about neoliberalization including those you might be afraid to pose A must read for all those who believe that a different world must be possible.’ Erik Swyngedouw, MAE, Professor of Geography, School of Education, Environment and Development, Manchester University, UK ‘Providing a comprehensive introduction to one of the most contentious terms in contemporary social science, this multi-disciplinary handbook draws together established scholars and new contributors Collectively these authors offer an extraordinarily wide range of debates and perspectives, making this a landmark contribution to the field.’ Wendy Larner, Provost and Professor of Human Geography, Victoria University of Wellington, New Zealand ‘This is the most wide-ranging and multi-perspectival overview of neoliberalism available The book is a true treasure trove where graduate students can find countless ideas for designing original research projects.’ Henk Overbeek, Professor Emeritus of International Relations, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, the Netherlands The handbook of neoliberalism Edited by Simon Springer, Kean Birch and Julie MacLeavy First published 2016 by Routledge Park Square, Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon OX14 4RN and by Routledge 711 Third Avenue, New York, NY 10017 Routledge is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group, an informa business © 2016 Simon Springer, Kean Birch and Julie MacLeavy The right of the editors to be identified as the authors of the editorial material, and of the authors for their individual chapters, has been asserted in accordance with sections 77 and 78 of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988 All rights reserved No part of this book may be reprinted or reproduced or utilised in any form or by any electronic, mechanical, or other means, now known or hereafter invented, including photocopying and recording, or in any information storage or retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publishers Trademark notice: Product or corporate names may be trademarks or registered trademarks, and are used only for identification and explanation without intent to infringe British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data Names: Springer, Simon, editor | Birch, Kean, editor | MacLeavy, Julie, editor Title: The handbook of neoliberalism / edited by Simon Springer, Kean Birch and Julie MacLeavy Description: New York, NY: Routledge, 2016 Identifiers: LCCN 2015050383| ISBN 9781138844001 (hardback: alk paper) ISBN 9781315730660 (ebook) Subjects: LCSH: Neoliberalism Classification: LCC HB95 H335 2016 | DDC 330.1–dc23 LC record available at http://lccn.loc.gov/2015050383 ISBN: 978-1-138-84400-1 (hbk) ISBN: 978-1-315-73066-0 (ebk) Typeset in Bembo by Cenveo Publisher Services, India ConTenTs List of figures List of tables List of contributors Acknowledgements xi xiii xv xxvii An introduction to neoliberalism Simon Springer, Kean Birch and Julie MacLeavy Part I Origins 15 Historicizing the neoliberal spirit of capitalism Matthew Eagleton-Pierce 17 The ascendancy of Chicago neoliberalism Edward Nik-Khah and Robert Van Horn 27 Neoliberalism and the transnational capitalist class William K Carroll and J.P Sapinski 39 Theorizing neoliberalization Kim England and Kevin Ward 50 Neoliberal hegemony Dieter Plehwe 61 Governmentality at work in shaping a critical geographical politics Nick Lewis 73 v Contents Neoliberalism in question Phillip O’Neill and Sally Weller 84 Neoliberalism, accomplished and ongoing Stephanie L Mudge 93 Part II Political implications 105 Neoliberalism and authoritarianism Ian Bruff 107 10 Neoliberalism and citizenship Katharyne Mitchell 118 11 Development and neoliberalism Douglas Hill, Nave Wald and Tess Guiney 130 12 Neoliberalism and the end of democracy Jason Hickel 142 13 The violence of neoliberalism Simon Springer 153 14 Neoliberalism and the biopolitical imagination Nicholas Kiersey 164 15 Neoliberalism, surveillance and media convergence Julie Cupples and Kevin Glynn 175 16 Resilience: a right-wingers’ ploy? Vlad Mykhnenko 190 Part III Social tensions 207 17 Race and neoliberalism David J Roberts 209 18 Gender and neoliberalism: young women as ideal neoliberal subjects Christina Scharff 217 vi Contents 19 Neoliberalizing sex, normativizing love Sealing Cheng 20 Health and the embodiment of neoliberalism: pathologies of political economy from climate change and austerity to personal responsibility Matthew Sparke 227 237 21 Neoliberalism and welfare Julie MacLeavy 252 22 Neoliberalism, labour and trade unionism Ben Jackson 262 23 The commons against neoliberalism, the commons of neoliberalism, the commons beyond neoliberalism Max Haiven 271 24 Retooling social reproduction for neoliberal times: the example of the social economy Peter Graefe 284 Part IV Knowledge productions 295 25 Education, neoliberalism, and human capital: homo economicus as ‘entrepreneur of himself ’ Michael A Peters 297 26 Pedagogies of neoliberalism Sheila L Macrine 308 27 Financial economics and business schools: legitimating corporate monopoly, reproducing neoliberalism? Kean Birch 320 28 Neoliberalism everywhere: mobile neoliberal policy Russell Prince 331 29 Science, innovation and neoliberalism David Tyfield 340 30 Performing neoliberalism: practices, power and subject formation Michael R Glass 351 vii Contents 31 Neoliberalism as austerity: the theory, practice, and purpose of fiscal restraint since the 1970s Heather Whiteside 361 32 The housing crisis in neoliberal Britain: free market think tanks and the production of ignorance Tom Slater 370 Part V Spaces 383 33 Urban neoliberalism: rolling with the changes in a globalizing world Roger Keil 385 34 Neoliberalism and rural change: land and capital concentration, and the precariousness of labour Cristóbal Kay 35 The heartlands of neoliberalism and the rise of the austerity state Bob Jessop 36 Peripheries of neoliberalism: impacts, resistance and retroliberalism as reincarnation Warwick E Murray and John Overton 37 Neoliberal geopolitics Susan M Roberts 398 410 422 433 38 In the spirit of whiteness: neoliberal re-regulation, and the simultaneous opening and hardening of national territorial boundaries Joseph Nevins 444 39 Housing and home: objects and technologies of neoliberal governmentalities Rae Dufty-Jones 453 Part VI Natures and environments 467 40 Re-regulating socioecologies under neoliberalism Rosemary-Claire Collard, Jessica Dempsey and James Rowe 469 41 Neoliberalism’s climate Larry Lohmann 480 viii Contents 42 Neoliberal energies: crisis, governance and hegemony Matthew Huber 493 43 Neoliberalizing water Alex Loftus and Jessica Budds 503 44 The neoliberalization of agriculture: regimes, resistance, and resilience Jamey Essex 514 45 Making bodily commodities: transformations of property, object and labour in the neoliberal bioeconomy Maria Fannin 46 Rethinking the extractive/productive binary under neoliberalism Sonja Killoran-McKibbin and Anna Zalik 526 537 Part VII aftermaths 549 47 The crisis of neoliberalism Gérard Duménil and Dominique Lévy 551 48 Regulated deregulation Manuel B Aalbers 563 49 Neoliberalism version 3+ James D Sidaway and Reijer Hendrikse 574 50 Postneoliberalism Ulrich Brand 583 51 Neoliberal gothic Japhy Wilson 592 52 Everyday contestations to neoliberalism: valuing and harnessing alternative work practices in a neoliberal society Richard J White and Colin C Williams 603 53 Our new arms Mark Purcell 613 Index 623 ix index Aalbers, Manuel B 10 acid rain 474 actor network theory 543 Adam, Barry 229 advertising 20–1 Afghanistan, invasion of 9, 431, 435, 437, 578 Agamben, Giorgio 158–9, 167 Agarwal, A 489 agency theory 324–7 ‘agnotology’ 8, 378–9 agriculture 10, 399–406, 514–23, 543; feminization of 404 agroecology 519–23 Aguas de Barcelona 509 Ahmed, Waquar 356 aid programmes 430 Airbnb platform 279 Albo, G 47, 417 Alesina, Alberto 166 Aligica, Paul Dragos 436 Allen, K 182 Allen, Thad 497–8 Allende, Salvador 143, 388 Allo, Éliane 299 Almås, R 522 Amar, Paul 578 Amin, A 285, 358 Amuchastegui, A 229 anarchist theory 610–11 Anderson, Benedict 272 Anderson, Bridget 446 Anderson, Warwick 533 Andreas, Peter 445–6 Andrejevic, Mark 178, 185 anti-statism 107–8, 115 anti-trust law 29–30, 322 Arab Spring 430 Ardagna, Silvia 166 Arendt, Hannah 158, 589 Argentina 143, 541, 585 arms sales 439–40 Ascoli, U 288 Ashutosh, I 127 Asian Development Bank 132 ‘Asian Tigers’ 133, 425 Assange, Julian 145, 179 ‘assemblage’ approach to policy 335–6 ‘assetization’ (Birch) 413 assimilation 124–5 asylum-seekers 124 Atkins, F 40 Atlas Economic Research Foundation Network 42, 45 Attlee, Clement 143 audit practices 577 austerity, conjunctural policies and enduring politics of 416 austerity measures 154, 166–7, 176, 181, 184–6, 203, 252, 260, 297, 310, 361–8, 413–17, 604; economics of 362–5; politics of 365–7 austerity polity 416 Austin, J.L 352 Australia 255, 289, 364–6, 455, 459–61, 529 authoritarianism 5, 47, 67–70, 90, 107–15; in the form of state power 114 Bach, Robert 447 Bailey, D.J 171 bailouts 364, 415, 418, 430, 574 Bakker, K 583–4 Bakunin, M 615 Balassa, Bella 132 ‘banality of evil’ (Arendt) 158–9 Banks, Mark 222 623 Index ‘barebacking’ 229 Barnett, Clive 11, 21, 77, 311, 356, 434 Barry, A 301 Basch, L 120 Basok, T 289 Bauer, Carl 511 Bauer, P.T 132 Bayliss, K 508–9 Beatley, T 196 Becker, Gary 7, 31, 169, 267, 298–9, 302–5, 321 Beckett, A 438–9 Beer, A 461 Behrent, Michael 169, 304 benchmarking 335 Benefits Street 182–3 Berardi, Franco 280 Bergson, Henri 617 Berlant, L 228, 233 Bernstein, Basil 311–12 Bernstein, Elizabeth 230 Bernstein, H 405 Bersin, Alan 447–8 Biccum, A 138 ‘big data’ 178–9, 438 Big Society programme 200–2, 276–7 Bignon,V 325 Bigo, D 124 ‘biobanking’ 529–30 biodiversity 477 biopolitics 5, 165, 171–2 Birch, Kean 8, 11, 411–14, 575, 577 Blair, Tony 61, 95, 144 Blaut, J.M 538 Block, F 85, 574 Bloomberg, Michael 200 Blyth, Mark 164–70, 362–3, 367, 575 Boas, T.C 11 Bocconi School 63, 362 Bockman, Johanna 97 bodily commodification 526–33 Bohle, D 63 Böhm, F 299 Bolivia 471, 541–2, 585, 589 Boltanski, Luc 18, 23–4 Bond, Patrick 475–6 Bondi, L border controls 444–51; between Mexico and the US 447–9 Borjas, George 31 Bork, Robert 29–30 Bornstein, E 137 Botera, Giovanni 300 Bounds, A 363 Bourdieu, Pierre 18, 98, 158, 229, 321, 373 bourgeoisie, the 171–2 Bourne, J 312 Bourne, Ryan 371 Bowman, S 323 Bowman, Ward 29–30 Boyer, H 196 Boys Smith, Nicholas 376 Brady, M 463 Brand, Ulrich 10, 58, 388, 392 Brandis, Dietrich 488 Branson, Richard 47 Braudel, Fernand 558 Brazil 143, 585 Brenner, Neil 52–3, 96, 308, 387, 575, 615 Brenner, R 538 Bridge, Gavin 471–2 Brie, M 589 British Petroleum (BP) 497–9 Brokenshire, James 440 Brown, Barrett 179 Brown, F 138–9 Brown, Wendy 57, 170, 228, 255, 310, 433–4, 437, 440, 446, 476–7 Brück, Wolfram 385–6 Bruff, Ian 5, 107, 111, 417 Bryan, D 40 Bryant, Michael 394 bubbles 415, 418 Buchanan, James 3, 321 Buck, E 603 Buckley, William F 495–6 Budds, Jessica 10, 511 Buenos Aires 505–6 Bunker, S.G 540 Burchell, G 301 Burgin, A 63 Burns, Arthur 96 bus services 568 Bush, George W 122, 499, 514 business improvement districts (BIDs) 334 Business Roundtable 144 business schools 8, 320–8 Butler, Judith 352–3, 357–9 Byrne, K 605 Caffentzis, George 272, 275 Calder Williams, Evan 592–5, 600 Callon, Michael 352–5, 359 Cambodia 158 Cameron, David 124–5, 180–1, 199–200, 260, 276, 375, 438–40 Campbell, H 522 Canada 114, 210–14, 363–6, 411, 446, 473, 479, 538–9 ‘cap and trade’ systems 474–5 Cape Town 334 capital, types of 415 624 Index capitalism 86, 170–1, 275, 515–16, 543, 552, 556–8, 561, 566, 586, 603–8, 611, 613; phases of 323–4; spirit of 17–19, 24 capitalist class, the 39–48, 554 Caprotti, F 576 carbon trading 9–10, 47, 241, 474–6, 485–90 Carnegie Foundation 327 Carney, Megan 242 Carolan, M 80 Carpenter, S 195 Carpenters Estate, London 370 Carroll, William K 4, 42–3 Carter, Jimmy 65 Carter, M.R 400 Cashore, B 472 Castree, N 498 Cato Institute 144 Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) 143 Centre for Social Justice and Policy Exchange 375 Cerny, P 310 certification regimes 473–6 Ceuta 444, 449 Chan, Margaret 239–42, 246 Chávez, Hugo 585 Cheng, Sealing Chesterton, G.K 599 Chiapello, Ève 18, 23–4 Chicago Graduate School of Business 29, 31, 327 Chicago Law School 29–31, 322 Chicago School of economists 4, 27–35, 168, 299, 322, 327, 344, 388–9, 423; pillars of 32–5 Chile 143, 179, 332, 388, 411, 423–5, 428–9, 461, 471, 493, 503–6, 510, 585 China 389, 430–1, 436, 556, 560–1, 579–80, 585 Chomsky, Noam 429, 615 Chopra, R 310 Christophers, Brett 356–7 Ciccantell, Paul 540 ‘citationality’ 359 ‘Citizens United vs FEC’ judgement 145 citizenship 5, 118–28; biological 242; disarticulation from national territory 122–3; flexible 120–1; periodicity in formation of 118–19; privileged 125; relationality of 128; social 123–4; supra-state and sub-state 123–4; urban 358; worldwide governance related to 126–7 City of London 145, 418, 431 civil society 118–19, 135–6, 256 Clark, C 110 Clark, Tom 577 Clarke, J 365 Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) 475–6 Cleaver, Harry 275, 279 climate, history of 480–2 climate change 67, 123, 176, 200, 203, 241, 345–6, 476, 522, 543; see also global warming Climate Justice movements 476 climate trading 485–7 ‘clinical labour’ (Cooper and Waldby) 531–2 Clinton, Bill 61, 95, 144, 412, 435, 447–8, 514 Clinton Cards 183–4 Club of Rome 67, 484 Coase, Ronald 322, 325, 474 coffee production 472–3 Cold War 424, 483, 520, 578 Coleman, Alice 376 Collard, Rosemary-Claire collectivism 3, 21; opposition to 28–30 Collier, S 85, 89, 462 Collins, H 483 colonialism 273–4 ‘color line’ 450 Comaroff, John 96 ‘command and control’ approaches to environmental governance 474 commercial diplomacy 439–40 commodification thesis on working time 605–8 commodity fetishism 538–9 commons, the 271–81; as actuality, spirit and horizon 280–1; original meaning of 273; present-day usage of the term 274 communal land, privatization of 429 The Communist Manifesto 614—15 community engagement 609 competition, self-interested 472 competitive order 28 competitiveness 560 Conaty, P 196 concentration of land, natural resources and capital 401–2 concession contracts 503–6 conditionalization (of health outcomes) 239–40, 244 conjuncturalism 175 Conrad, Joseph 308 consensus-based politics 34 Conservative Party 203, 364, 375, 389, 418, 439 constructivism 165, 170–1 contagion effects 419, 556 ‘contingency’ perspective on neoliberalism Cooper, Melinda 196, 199, 526, 528, 531–2 Cope, M 289 Coppingen, Nathanie 299 Corbera, C 579 core–periphery relationships 411 Cornwell, J 291 Coronil, F 540 ‘corporate–consumption complex’ (Freudenberg) 242 corporate governance and form 322–5 corporate social responsibility 70, 597 corporate voluntarism 472 corporatization of public services 506–8, 511 625 Index Correa, Rafael 585 Costa Rica 473 Costello, A 241 Couldry, Nick 178–9 Cowen, Deborah 436 Cowie, Jefferson 494 Craig, David 80, 361, 366–7 Crane, Johanna 246 ‘Create Streets’ institute 376–7 ‘creative city’ model 334 ‘creative destruction’ 412 ‘creative economies’ 393 ‘creative industries’ 335 cross-subsidisation 507 Crouch, C 69, 417, 574, 592 ‘crowding out’ of economic activity 362, 422 Cupples, Julie Dalla, I 566–7 Daly, H 484 Darcy, M 459 Dardot, P 7, 50, 165, 171–2, 387, 577 Davidson, Paul 557 Davies, Bronwyn 218 Davies, W 170, 322, 378 Davis, D.A 212–13 Dayan, Daniel 177 de Angelis, Massimo 275, 278 Dean, Jodi 230 Dean, Mitchell 90, 304–5, 592 debt crisis 146, 398 debt–default–deflation dynamics 417–18 debt relief and restructuring 245, 470–1 ‘decision-based evidence-making’ 8, 377 Deepwater Horizon oil spill (2010) 493, 497, 500 Defert, Daniel 299 de Graaff, N 45–6 de la Dehesa, Rafael 228 Delaney, David 451 Delaporte, Franỗois 299 Deleon, A 610 Deleuze, Gilles 171, 617–18 Dellepiane, S 363–4 democracy 5, 32–5, 423; breaches of formal procedures of 114, 116; undermining of 142–51 DEMOS (think tank) 375 Dempsey, Jessica Deng Xiaoping 389 Denver 619 Department for International Development (DFID) 431 dependency culture 258 dependency theory 423, 427, 538 deregulation, definition of 563–4, 569 deregulation-as-liberalization 565–6, 570 Derickson, K.D 196 derivatives 486, 559–60 Derrida, Jacques 352, 359 Desai, R 109 Detroit 279–80 Deuze, M 178 developing countries 400 development, definition of 131–3 ‘development state’ concept 133, 407 development strategy 5, 130–9, 398, 426–7 Dillon, J.H 190–1 Director, Aaron 4, 27–35 ‘diverse economies’ 429–30 Dobbin, F 327 Dodd–Frank Act 559–60 Doha Declaration 244 Domhoff, G.W 41 Donzelot, Jacques 299 Douglas, Roger 332 Dow Agrosciences 149 Dowling, R 80 Downes, B.J 191–5, 198 doxa status 310 Du Bois, W.E.B 450 Dufty-Jones, Rae 9, 76, 454, 459 Duggan, L 213, 228 Duménil, Gérard 10l, 615 Dunaveyskya, Runya 274 Duncan Smith, Iain 260, 375 Durban 507–8 ‘Dutch Disease’ 539 Eagleton-Pierce, Matthew East Asian ‘miracle’ 133–4 Easterly, William 597 ecological dominance 387, 394 economic Darwinism 422 economic geography 73–8, 81 Economic and Monetary Union in Europe (EMU) 419, 578 economics: of austerity 362–5; role and status of 99–100, 320, 344, 348; see also financial economics; neoclassical economics ecosystems and ecosystem services 477, 483–4, 487–90, 522 Ecuador 541–2, 585 education systems 125–6, 347–8, 604 Edwards, M 135 efficient markets hypothesis (EMH) 324–5 Eisenschitz, A 288, 290 El Salvador 149 Elden, S 122 electric power industry 567–8 Elichigoity, F 484 elite networks: corporate 43–4; and policyplanning 41–4 Elsner, W 415 626 Index embeddedness of humans in nature 543 emissions trading see carbon trading Employment and Support Allowance 258 enclosure process 277–80 energy crisis (1970s) 493–6, 500 Engels, Friedrich 614 England, Kim 3–4 Enlightenment thinking 153 Enron (company) 356 entrepreneurial life 498–9 environmental governance 470, 473–4 environmental movement 484 environmental problems 9, 67, 122; addressed using private property markets and commodities 474–6 Environmental Protection Agency, US 484, 496 Erhard, Ludwig 66, 299 Escobar, A 136 Esping-Andersen, Gøsta 256–7 Essex, James 10, 436–7 ‘ethnographies of government’ 463 Ettlinger, Nancy 76–7 Eucken, Walter 28, 299 euro currency and the eurozone 112, 417, 419, 580 eurocentrism 131, 273–4, 538–9 European Central Bank (ECB) 96, 166, 362, 419, 619 European Regional Development Fund 450 European Round Table (ERT) 45 European Union (EU) 5, 61–2, 96, 107, 110–15, 120, 556, 559, 589; citizenship in 123–4; Emissions Trading Scheme (EU ETS) 485–8; entry of migrants to 444, 449–50; social institutions of 111–13, 299; summit meeting (July 2015) 113, 115; violation of law in 112–14 Evans, P.B 95 evidence-based decision-making 377 Ewald, Franỗois 7, 299, 3045 exchange-value as distinct from use-value 414 extractive industries 537–45; history of and debates on 538–9 factory farming 243 ‘fair value’ principle 325 Faist, T 123–4 Fama, Eugene 320, 324–5 Fanelli, C 47, 417 Fannin, Maria 10 Fanon, Franz 179 Farías, I 355 Farmer, Paul 243 Featherstone, D 58 Federal Trade Commission 31 Federici, Silvia 7, 275 Féliz, M 587 feminism and feminist analysis 223–4 Ferguson, J 74–5, 80, 463 Ferguson, Niall 597 Field, Frank 375 Figgis, Mike 386 financial crises 414–15, 557 financial deregulation 144–5, 164, 297, 458, 555 financial economics 8, 320–8 financial instruments 486–7 financialization 40, 44–7, 69, 93, 297–8, 394, 402, 406, 413, 508–9, 539, 544, 555, 558, 579, 618–19; definition of 414–15 Fine, Ben 134, 592 First, Harry 566–7 fiscal stability, need for 420 Fisher, Mark 592 Fiske, J 179, 184 Flaherty, Jim 363 Fleming, J.R 482 Flew, Terry 11 ‘flex crops’ 403 Flint, J 460 Florida, Richard 334–5, 391 Fogel, C 483–4 Foley, P 473 Fonterra (conglomerate) 431 Food and Drug Administration (FDA) 32, 35 food crisis (2007–8) 402, 405–6 food labelling 472–3 food regimes and food regime analysis 515–23 food security 520–1 food sovereignty 406–7, 523 Ford, Rob 388 Ford Foundation 326–7 Fordism 172, 254, 287, 414 Foreign Account Tax Compliance Act (FATCA) 560 Forrest, R 454, 460–1 Forrester, Jay 483 Foucault, Michel (and Foucauldian analysis) 5–7, 53–4, 74–5, 89, 95, 98, 121, 134, 165–72, 217–18, 229, 267, 284, 297–305, 356, 387, 434, 437, 439, 493, 496–9, 577, 579 Fourcade, M 327 Fox, Kevin 568–9 fractional interests 44–5 France 68, 580 Frankfurt 385 free market doctrine 55, 93–5, 109–10, 116, 157, 242, 253, 257, 398–9, 570–1 free trade 5, 61, 68, 228, 427, 446 free trade agreements (FTAs) 148–50, 243–4, 366, 424, 470 Freudenberg, N 242 Friedland, Claire 31 Friedman, Milton 3–4, 27, 30–5, 63, 67, 94–5, 143–4, 254, 265, 268, 309, 321–4, 374, 424, 493–6, 596, 599 Friedmann, H 516, 518 Fuchs, Christian 178 627 Index Fukuyama, Francis 445 full-cost recovery 506–7 Fuller, D 605 ‘fuzzy’ concepts 191 Gans-Morse, J 11 Garcia Linera, Alvaro 542 Garmany, J 356 Gates, Bill 47 gay marriage 227–8 gender issues 6, 217–24 General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) 62, 516 genetic research 528–30 genetically modified (GM) seeds 344–6, 403, 521 gentrification 389, 393 geoeconomics 435–8 geoengineering 47 geopolitics 9, 433–41 Germany 66, 100, 112, 166, 348, 413, 419, 498–9, 579, 618–19 Gershuny, J 605–6 ‘ghost estates’ 461 Gibson-Graham, J.K 54, 76, 78, 80, 154, 288–90, 358–9, 429 Giles, C 363 Gill, Rosalind 218 Gindin, Sam 365 Giroux, H 179, 209, 308 Glasgow, Sara 243 Glass, Michael R 8, 352, 354 Glass-Steagall Act 297, 566 global financial crisis (2008) 5, 8, 10–11, 24, 45–7, 52, 58, 61, 93, 107, 111, 167, 170, 190, 198, 269, 297, 310, 333, 346–7, 362–3, 378, 413, 417–19, 426, 430–1, 453, 460, 551, 556, 574–5, 579–80, 583, 592 global warming 47, 480, 485–6, 489; see also climate change globalization 10, 24, 39–40, 45, 93, 170, 256, 422–3, 426–7, 430, 445, 449, 470, 539, 543, 555, 597 Globe and Mail (newspaper) 210–12 glocalization 123 Glynn, Kevin Glynn, S 451 Goethe, J.W von 598 Goldberg, D.T 213 Gordon, Colin 298 gothic imagery 592–5 Gough, J 288, 290 Gove, Michael 375 Goven, J 526 governance 286; see also environmental governance governmentality 5–6, 57–8, 73–81, 85–6, 89, 167, 238, 298–300, 387, 454, 463, 578 Graefe, Peter Graham, J 291 Gramsci, Antonio 63–4, 90, 98, 184, 312 Gray, John 19, 23 Great Depression 62, 65, 551, 596 Greece 112–15, 151, 245, 363, 476, 580 Green Revolution 520–2 Greenhough, Beth 530 Greenhouse, C 615 greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions 474–6, 485 Greenspan, Alan 3, 563 Gregory, D 154 Greskovitch, B 63 The Guardian 182 Guatemala 179 Guattari, Félix 617–18 Gudynas, E 537, 541–2 Guichard, S 365 Guiney, Tess 5, 138 Gulbrandsen, L 473 Gunderson, L.H 195, 198 Guthman, J 472–3, 519 Guyana 471–2 Haberler, Gottfried 67, 268 Hackworth, J 454–5 Hague, William 439 Haiti 514 Haiven, Max Hall, D 138–9 Hall, Stuart 176, 181–2, 311 Harberger, Arnold 143 Harcourt, Bernard E 304 Hardiman, N 363–4 Hardin, Carolyn 11 Hardin, Garrett 275–6 Hardt, M 172, 279 Harnecker, M 310 Harney, Stefano 7, 280–1, 327 Harris, J 40, 45–6 Harris, Mike 391, 394 Hartman,Yvonne 255–6 Hartmann, C 77 Hartsock, N 156 Hartwich, O.M 95 Harvey, David 21–2, 50, 55, 143, 156, 172, 254, 309–10, 321, 333, 378, 388, 390, 476, 498, 500, 537, 578, 615 Hau’ofa, Epeli 428 Hayek, Friedrich von 3, 20, 22, 28–30, 42, 63–6, 69, 94, 109, 143–4, 166, 196, 238, 254, 264–6, 299, 309, 321–2, 374, 474, 483, 579, 596, 599 Hayward, Tony 497 Heal, Geoffrey 480 health: risks to 241–3; structural conditioning of 243–5 ‘Health for All’ plan (1978) 245 628 Index healthcare systems 6, 169 heartlands of neoliberalism 410–13 Heath, Anthony 577 Hébert, K 473 Hecht, Susanna 471 Hegel, G.W.F 615 hegemonic constellations 63, 65, 68–9 hegemony 61–70, 90, 554 hegemony projects 588–90 Helm, D 487 Hendrikse, Reijer P 10, 52, 56 Henisz, W 327 Henriksen, Lasse 355, 357 Heritage Foundation 68, 144 heteronormativity 228, 234 Heynen, N 477, 615 Hickel, Jason Hilgers, M 90 Hill, Christopher 274 Hill, Douglas Hindess, B 126 Hippocrates 482 Hirayama,Y 454, 460–1 HIV/AIDS 229 Hodkinson, S 610 Hoffman, R.M 191 Holling, C.S 191, 195, 198, 486 ‘hollowing out’ of society 394 homeownership 460–1 homo economicus 7, 125, 168–9, 229, 298, 302–3 Hopkins, R 196 Horizons in Human Geography group 50 House of Lords 145 household work practice surveys 606–9 housing 9, 354–5, 370–9, 389, 453–63; neoliberalization of 453–7, 460–2; as an object of neoliberal governance 454–8; novel approaches to 462–3; regeneration of 455; seen as a technology of neoliberal governance 458–60 HSBC 180, 185 Huber, Matthew 10 Hudson’s Bay Company 469–70 Hulme, D 135 Hulme, M 481, 483 Humala, Ollanta 585 human capital and human capital theory 7, 168, 258, 267, 298–9 Human Genome Diversity Project 528–9 human rights 124, 504, 512 humanitarianism 137, 139 Humboldt, Alexander von 482 Hume, David 302 Hurricane Katrina 391 Hutt, W.H 263 Huysman, J 124 Hyde, Lewis 615 Hymer, S 39 Iceland 530 Ilcan, S 289 imagined communities 272 ‘IMF riots’ 146 immigration policy 212–13, 428, 445–6, 449–51 import substitution industrialization (ISI) 399 income per household, in fractals 553 India 356, 390 indigenous peoples 401, 469–70, 473, 488–90, 527–9 individualism 19–24, 153 Indonesia 127 industrial relations 262, 268 industrial revolution 22 inequality 154–6, 176, 180, 367, 461, 554, 576–8 inflation 265–6, 494 inner city neighbourhoods 389 innovation 347–9 Institute of Economic Affairs (IEA) 371, 378 Institute for Public Policy Research (IPPR) 375 intellectual property rights (IPRs) 344, 470, 527–8, 531–2 intelligence services 578 Inter-American Development Bank 132, 244 interest-bearing capital 415 Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change 483–4 International Chamber of Commerce (ICC) 41–3 International Labour Organization (ILO) 473 International Monetary Fund (IMF) 115, 130, 132, 134, 142, 146–7, 244–5, 332, 398, 420, 424–5, 429, 470–1, 514, 521, 597, 619 International Organization for Migration (IOM) 127, 449–50 internationalization of capital 39–40 investor state dispute settlement (ISDS) 148–9 ‘invisible hand’ metaphor 596–7 Iraq War 9, 429–30, 435–8, 578 Ireland 164, 363–4, 461, 580 ‘irrational exuberance’ 563 Irwin, N 362–3 ISIS organization 155, 430 ‘isms’ 93, 359 Israel 446–7, 495 Istanbul 390 Jackson, Ben Jackson Lears, T.J 90 Jacobs, Jane 376 Jacobs, K 462 Jahn, Helmut 385 James, C.L.R 274 Jankovic,V 482 Jara,Victor 428 Jenkins, Henry 177–8 Jensen, J 367 629 Index Jensen, Michael 320, 324–5 Jessop, Bob 9, 170, 288, 387, 564 Johannesburg conference (2002) 197 Johnson, C 615 Johnson, Lyndon 494 Johnson, Richard 259 Jones, Owen 375 Jung, J 327 Juris, J.S 179 Kant, Immanuel 22 Kay, Cristóbal Keil, Roger 8–9, 385, 392 Kelly, Deirdre 182 Kelly, M.G.E 169–70 Kenworthy, Nora 246 Keynes, J.M 66, 147 Keynesianism 3, 40, 42, 61, 67–9, 96, 99–100, 119, 131–2, 142–4, 241, 254, 256, 265–6, 297, 333, 341, 343, 362, 366–8, 388–9, 393, 425, 430, 494, 557, 559, 574, 576, 596, 599 Khatkhate, D 566–7 Khurana, R 326–7 Kiersey, Nicholas Killoran-McKibbin, Sonja 10 Kim, Eunjung 230 Kim, Jim Yong 245 Kingfisher, C 153 Kinsella, S 363 Kirchner, Néstor 585 Kitchin, R 461 Klein, Naomi 241, 310, 391, 493, 578 Knight, Frank 31 knowledge production 7–8 Koch, Charles G and David H 47 Kohl, Helmut 68 Kondratieff cycles 558 Konings, Martijn 109, 565, 577–8 Kowal, Emma 529 Krieger, Nancy 238 Kropotkin, P 610–11 Krugman, Paul 367, 557, 597, 600 Kusch, M 483 Kuus, Merje 357 KwaZulu Natal 507 Kyoto Protocol (1997) 474–5, 485–6 labour: commodification of 530–1; flexibilization and casualization of 404; as a special sort of commodity 263–4 labour markets 7; flexibilization of 252, 254, 257; problems in 420; regulation of 256–7 Labour Party 364, 371 Lagos, Ricardo 585 laissez-faire 326 Lake, Marilyn 445 Lal, D 68 land grabbing 402–4 land reforms 401–2 Lansing, D.M 354 Larner, Wendy 3, 54, 73, 76–81, 85, 171, 255, 286, 289–91, 335, 387, 411, 463 Latin America 132–3, 390, 412, 423–9, 541–3, 583–90 Laval, C 7, 50, 165, 171–2, 387, 577 Lazonick, W 324 Lee, C 354–6 Le Heron, R 73, 78–81, 335 Lehman Brothers 556 Leitner, H 290, 587 Lemke, Thomas 74–5, 169, 229, 434 Levi, Edward 29 Levi-Faur, D 566 Levidow, L 346 Lévy, Dominique 10, 615 Lewis, M 196 Lewis, Nick 5, 80–1, 462 Li, Tania 75, 127 liberal tradition 19–24 liberalism 119, 300, 427; basic tenets of 153; classical 469; embedded 143, 470; inclusive 366 liberalization 565–6, 570 Lieser, P 385 Linebaugh, Peter 275, 280 Linneman, Peter 31 Lipton, M 399 Lisbon Treaty (2009) 111, 114 Liverman, D 471–3 lobbying 145 Locke, John 22, 362, 469 Locke, R 326 Loftus, Alex 10, 507 Lohmann, Larry 9–10 long waves, theory of 558 Lordon, Frederic 165, 171–2 Lorot, Pascal 436 Love, K 610 Lovelock, James 483 Lucas, Robert 31 Lugo, Fernando 585 Luhnow, Harold 28 Lukes, S 20 Lula da Silva, Inácio 585 Luttwak, Edward 435, 440 Mc Nally, David 593 MacArthur Foundation 200 McCarthy, A 181 McCarthy, J 51 McChesney, R 50 ‘McCutcheon vs FEC’ judgement 145 McDonald, C 289 630 Index McDonald, D 506, 508 Macdonald, L 585 McGee, Micki 221 McGoey, L 378 McGuirk, P 80 Machiavelli, Nicolò 300, 617 Machlup, Fritz 67 McKee, K 74–7, 81, 463 McKeown, A.M 450 MacKinder, Halford 410 MacKinnon, D 196 MacLeavy, Julie 6–7, 57, 361 McMichael, P 516, 518 McMurray, John 278 McNish, T 474–5 Macrine, Sheila L 7–8 McRobbie, Angela 218, 223–4 Mahon, R 366 Mahtani, Minelle 6, 209–15 Major, Aaron 97 Malthus, Thomas 482, 484 managerial capitalism 323–6, 552, 556, 561 managerialism 326 Manhattan Institute 390 Manila 505 Mann, Michael 445 Manning, Chelsea 179 Mansfield, B 474 Manzi, T 462 maquiladora production 543–4 March, H 509 Marine Stewardship Council (MSC) 473 market-based approaches to environmental goals 470–6 market failure 34–5, 342 market fundamentalism 23, 574 market mechanisms 3–4, 22–3, 34, 110, 252–5, 310, 401, 427, 596 marketization 509–15, 565, 576–9 Markusen, A 191 Marshall, Alfred 263 Marshall, P 610 Marshall, T.H 118–19, 127 Marston, G 289 Martin, A 579 Martin, R 195–6 Martín-Barbero, Jesús 177 Marx, Karl 20–1, 171–2, 273, 484, 499, 522, 527, 554, 557, 587, 595, 613–15 Marxist theory 18, 171, 356, 499, 538, 543, 593 mass customization 21 massively open online courses (MOOCs) 347–8 Matthews, Andrew S 488–9 Maunder, W.J 485 Mead, Lawrence 274 means-testing of welfare benefits 253–4 Meckling, W 324–5 media convergence 176–8 Medvetz, T 373–4 Meek, J 507 Meissner, Doris 448 Melilla 444, 450 meliorism 23–4 mergers, vertical 30 Merkel, Angela 124–5 ‘metabolic rift’ 538 Metalclad (corporation) 148–9 Mevel, Catherine 299 Mexico 148–50, 175, 179, 242, 447, 471–2, 544; borderlands with the US 447–9 middle-class attitudes 24 Middleton, Sam 370 migration 120–5, 427–8; to the EU 444, 449–50 Mill, John Stuart 22, 263 Millennium Challenge Corporation 438 Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) 430, 504 Millennium Village Project 598–9 Miller, David 388 Miller, Henry 616 Miller, P 74, 259 Minerals Management Service 497 mining industry 471–2, 541–2 Mirowski, Philip 55, 167–70, 297, 310–11, 321–2, 340–1, 378, 411, 615 Mitchell, Katharyne 5, 123 Mitterrand, Franỗois 68 modernization theory 22 Moisio, Sami 436 money supply 265, 494 monopoly 29–30, 322–8, 495 Mont Pèlerin Society (MPS) 4, 21, 27–9, 35, 42–3, 62–7, 70, 94, 98, 153, 297, 313, 332, 374, 388–9 Moore, J 521 Moore, John 527–8 Morales, Evo 585 Morocco 444, 449–50 Morrissey, John 437 mortgage-backed securitization (MBS) 458, 556, 568–9 Morton, Alex 376 Moten, Fred 7, 280–1 Moulin, Anne-Marie 299 Mountz, A 124, 127 Moura Costa, Pedro 485 ‘movement’ phase of neoliberalism 67–8 Mudge, Stephanie L 2–3, 5, 52, 56 Müller-Armack, Alfred 66 Mulroney, Brian 366 multiculturalism 124–5 multinational corporations 146 Murdoch, Rupert 145 Murray, Charles 374 631 Index Murray, K 289 Murray, Warwick E musicians, research on 217–24 Mykhnenko,Vlad 6, 575 ‘nanny state’ 272 Napier, C 325–6 Narain, S 489 nation states, role and importance of 74, 109, 115, 118–19, 122–6, 139, 254, 426 National Endowment for Science, Technology and the Arts, US 577 national feeling 559 Native Americans 426 Negri, Antonio 172, 279, 304 neoclassical economics 20, 33, 68–9, 262, 326–7 neo-conservatism 93 neoliberal geopolitics 433–41 neoliberal governmentality 85–6, 89 neoliberal ideas and influence 62–3, 164 neoliberalism: administered 559; of agriculture 514–23; alternatives to 11; American 302–5; apogee of 93; as austerity 361–8; before, during and towards the end of hegemonic constellations 65–9; and bodily commodification 526–33; as a category and a social fact 94–8; and climate 480–90; and the commons 271–81; conceptualizations of 2, 98–100; confused with hegemony 61–2; consolidation of 69; as a continuation of a historical process 477; crisis of 10, 346–8, 551–61; criticisms of 10–11, 176, 309–10, 348; definitions of 2, 5, 51–5, 85, 98, 238–9, 321, 351, 422, 569, 574, 605; and democracy 142; as discourse 3; economic significance of 413–14; and energy 493–500; and the environment 469–76; forms of 11–13; and gender 217–24; as governmentality 77–8; and health 237–47; history of 3, 17–20; and housing 453–63; ideological, economic and political approaches to (in Rossi and Vanolo) 352; ignorance in relation to 8; kinds of project associated with 9; and knowledge production 341–4; the Left’s obsession with 613, 620; as a market-centred order 321–4; metamorphosis of 430; multiple meanings of 310–11; and the national interest 40; and neuroticism 595–600; omnipresence of 2, 331–2, 336; origins of 2–3, 62, 65, 97, 388; pedagogy of 7–8, 312–16; performance of 351–9; peripheries of 422–31; as a political project 169–70, 342–3; and race/ racialization 209–15; reconfiguration of 574–5; and re-regulation of sociologies 469–77; resistance to 428–9, 583, 585; and rural change 398–407; and science 340–9; and self-interested competition 472; as a series of geopolitically distinct hybrids 2; and sexuality 227; and the social economy 284–92; as a social practice 388; as a societal philosophy 422; spatial patterns of 8; and state intervention 147–8; as a strategy for class reconquest 552–4; success of 157, 164, 297, 309, 430, 558; as a theoretical abstraction 160; urban 385–95; usefulness of 84–5, 90–1; uses of (in Ferguson) 463; varieties of 63–5; and water 503–12; waves or phases of 575–6; and welfare 252–60; and white-ness 445, 450; without neoliberals 98–9 ‘neoliberalism 3+’ 575–6, 579 ‘neoliberalism-in-general’ 84–90 ‘neoliberalism-as-monolithism’ 157 ‘neoliberalism-in-theory’ 84–6, 89–90 neoliberalization: as distinct from neoliberalism 51; as government-ality 57–8; as ideological project 55–6; as policy, practice and prog-ramme 56; stages in 413; and statecraft 56–7; understandings of 54–8 Nevins, Joseph New Deal policies 94, 142 New Era estate, London 371 ‘new extractivism’ concept 541 New Orleans 390 ‘new policy agenda’ 135 ‘new public management’ 366, 418, 507–8, 511 ‘new world order’ 130, 159, 309 New York 567–8 New Zealand 77–81, 179, 425–6 Newcastle 386 Newell, Peter 472 Newham Council 370 Newman, J 289–90, 365 Newman, Oscar 376 Newman, P 196 Nicolaus, Martin 370 Nietzsche, Friedrich 613, 616–17 ‘nightwatchman’ state 579 Nik-Khah, Edward Nixon, Richard 96, 454, 494–5 non-governmental organizations (NGOs) 135–6, 472–6 non-traditional agricultural exports (NTAE) 400–1 Norman, Jesse 200–1 North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) 2, 68, 121, 148–50, 175, 243, 447–9, 471–2, 589 Nutter, Warren 29 Nyéléni 137 Obama, Barack 200, 497, 577 Oberndorfer, Lukas 112–13, 417 obesity 243 Occupy movement 114, 145, 150–1, 176, 426, 430, 600, 619 O’Connor, J 538 Odum, E.P and H.T 483 ‘offshoring’ of clinical trials 532 632 Index Ohmae, Kenichi 445 oil prices 96, 493–6, 516, 539 Olson, Mancur 268 Olsson, L 191–5 O’Neill, Phillip 5, 11, 54–7, 80, 86 O’Neill-Kohl, S 354 Ong, Aihwa 120–1, 352, 575 online communities 179–80 Ontario 391 Orange County, California 389 ordoliberalism 299, 413, 498–9 Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) 366 Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) 495, 539 Orientalism 155–6, 437 Ortega, Daniel 585 Orwell, George 428, 579 Osborne, George 418 O’Shea, A 181–2 Ostrom, Elinor 275–6 O’Sullivan, M 324 ‘othering’ 155–6, 159–60 overaccumulation 557–8 Overton, John Paasi, Anssi 436 Pacific Rim (corporation) 149 Pagano, U 346–7 paid and unpaid work 605–8 Palazón, José 444 panarchy model (Gunderson and Holling) 195–6 Panitch, L 565 Paraguay 403, 585 Park, B 615 Parker, Alan 599–600 Parker, M 609 Parra,Violeta 428 Parrini, R 229 Parry, Bronwyn 529–30 Partij voor de Vrijheid 578 Pasquino, Pasquale 299 patent tie-ins 30–1 path-dependency, 419 Paulson, Henry 145 Pavone,V 526 pay differentials 264–5 peasant farmers 404–5, 511 Pecheny, Mario 228 Peck, Jamie 3, 55, 58, 77, 108–9, 115, 157, 253, 257, 260, 287–90, 320, 333–5, 352, 355, 364–7, 374–8, 387, 391, 411, 417, 565, 575, 592, 603–5, 615 pedagogy: concepts of 311–12; of neoliberalism 312–16 Peltzman, Sam 31–2, 35 Peluso, Nancy 470 Pendall, R 195 Perelman, Michael 108, 110, 596 performativity 8, 351–9; political 351–7; research on 354–7 peripheral developing economies peripheries of neoliberalism 422–31; spatial and social 423 Perrow, C 497 Peru 585 Peters, Michael A Petras, James 541 pharmaceutical industries 344, 347 Phelan, Sean 11 Philippines, the 429 Philips curve 362 Pierre, A.J 439 Pierson, P 365 Piketty, Thomas 576–7 ‘pink tide’ economics 176 Pinochet, Augusto 94, 143, 156, 424, 493 Plant, Raymond 577 Plehwe, Dieter 4, 55, 311, 313, 361, 411, 574 poaching 110 Polanyi, Karl 69, 95, 98, 143, 310, 342, 473 policy mobility literature 331–6 policy transfer 8, 333–4 political capture 142, 145 ‘political economy’ approach to neoliberalism 52–3 politics, neoliberal 97–8 pollution control 484–7 Popp Berman, E 340 populism 578 Porter, D 366–7 Porter, Michael 436 Posey, J 610 Posner, P 364, 461 Posner, Richard 31 post-development and post-development critique 131, 134, 426 post-Fordism 389, 414 post-neoliberalism 10–11, 392, 583–90 post-structural economies 78–81 post-structural approach to neo-liberalism 52–3 post-Washington Consensus 542, 597–8 Postone, M 600 Poulantzas, N 589 poverty and its alleviation 154, 430–1, 597 ‘poverty porn’ 181–5 Poverty Reduction Strategy Papers (PRSPs) 245, 424–5 Povinelli, Elizabeth 57–8 Power, M 325–6 power relations 356 Pratt, Andy 218 ‘predatory’ neoliberalism 46–7 Priest, Tyler 497 633 Index Prince, Russell 8, 76, 454 principal–agent issues 324–5 Pritchett, L 243 privatization 503–6, 511; of security 578 Procacci, Giovanna 299 ‘process’ perspective on neoliberalism Proctor, Robert 378–9 profit-producing capital 415 profit rates 558 proprietary capitalism 323, 326 protectionism 399–400 Prudham, S 51, 497 Pryke, A 458 public choice theory 267–8 Pudup, M.B 519 Purcell, Mark 11 Purcell, T 509 Pursehouse, Mark 182 Putnam, Robert 134 quasi-markets 291 Quiroz, J 511 Rabinow, P 526 race, racialization and racism 6, 209–15, 445 ‘race to the bottom’ 242, 244, 539 Radin, Joanna 529 Ranci, C 288 Rand, Anne 579 rationality 20, 168–9 Read, Jason 172, 229, 303, 437 Read, Leonard 31 Reagan, Ronald 3, 30, 46, 61, 65, 68, 94, 132, 144, 255, 297, 309, 366, 388–9, 425, 484, 494, 496, 597 Reaganism and Reaganomics 412, 596 reality television 181, 184 Redo, D 471 regulated deregulation 565–7, 570–1 regulation, definition of 563 regulation theory 288, 515 regulatory environments 470 ‘regulatory explosion’ (Levi-Faur) 566 Reinhart, Carmen 166, 362 remittances 405, 428 renewable resources 484 rent control 371, 377–8, 455 re-regulation 470–2, 476–7, 571 resilience 6, 190–203, 429, 522; definitions of 191–8; influence of 197–200; politics of 196–7; what is it good for? 202–3 ‘resource curse’ theory 10, 538–41 resource sovereignty 541–2 responsibilization 239; of the self 300–2 ressentiment 613, 616 retroliberalism 430–1 Reynolds, Henry 445 Ricardo, David 110 Ricoeur, Paul 18 Rigakos, G.S 578 right to buy (RTB) council houses 455, 459 ‘Right to the City’ movement 392 Rio de Janeiro conference on the environment (1992) 197 Ríos, M 511 Roberts, David J 6, 209–15 Roberts, Susan M 9, 153, 437 Robertson, S.L 312 Robinson, J 336 Robinson, W.I 40, 45–6 Rockefeller Foundation 200 Rodrik, Dani 23 Rogers, D 459 Rogers, R 575–6 Rogoff, Kenneth 166, 362 roll-back neoliberalism and roll-out neoliberalism 287–8, 291, 333, 366, 387, 391, 394, 567, 575 roll-with-it neoliberalism 387, 392, 394 ‘rolling back’ of the state 57, 137, 254 Romero, George A 594 Romney, Mitt 180 Roosevelt, Franklin 142 Röpke, Wilhelm 62, 66, 321–2 Rose, G 214–15 Rose, N 73–4, 126, 259 Rose-Redwood, R 352 Ross, Andrew 218, 222 Rossi, U 352 Rossi, M.A 346–7 Rowe, James Roy, Ananya 390, 393 Rubin, Gayle 227, 233–4 Ruckert, A 585 Ruggie, John 66, 96 rural development 9, 398–407; impact of neoliberalism on 400–6; neoliberal paradigm of 398–400 Rutherford, S 73 Sachs, Jeffrey 593, 597–600 Said, Edward 134, 155 Saint Martin, D 367 San Diego 447–8 Sapinski, J.P 4, 43 Sassen, Saskia 446 Sayer, Andrew 5, 84, 91 Say’s Law 362 Scharff, Christina Schäuble, Wolfgang 113 Schiebinger, L 378 Schipper, Sebastian 387–8 Schrecker, Ted 243 Schröder, Gerhard 61 634 Index Schultz, Theodore 267, 298 Schurr, Carolin 358 Schwab, Klaus 42 science 340–9; commercialization of 345; and the crisis of neoliberalism 346–8; and the emergence of neo-liberalism 343–6; politicization of 346; popular mistrust of 345–6 science and technology studies (STS) 340–1 Scotland 151 Searle, B 461 Second World War 153, 483, 596 securitization: financial 124, 458, 568–9, 578–9; in the military and security domain 578–9; see also mortgage-backed securitization Sekler, N 58, 388, 392 September 11th 2001 (9/11) attacks 177, 197–8, 435 Sewell, W.H Jr 95 sex trafficking 227–34 Seymour, R 416–17 Shapin, S 345 ‘shared prosperity’ 431 shareholder value 324–5 ‘sharing economy’, the 278 Shell (company) 487 Shelley, Mary 593 Sheppard, E 587 Shibata, S 171 Shukaitis, S 605 Sidaway, James D 10, 52, 56 Siemiatycki, Matti 577 Simon, William 495 Simons, Henry 28–9, 32–3, 267 Skinner, B.F 303 Slater, Tom Slovenia 63 ‘smart cities’ 393–4 Smith, Adam 20, 110, 262–3, 268–9, 300–2, 362, 422, 469, 474, 596 Smith, M.J 201 Smith, N 436, 540, 592 Smith, S 461, 463 Smith, S.J 355 Snowden, Edward 145, 179, 578 social capital 134 social cohesion, maintenance of 257–8 social control, preservation of 258–9 social democracy 61, 63, 577, 596 social economy, the 7, 284–92; definition of 284–6; placed outside neoliberalism 288–90; see also social market economy 299 social engineering 597 social housing 455–60 social investment 367 social market economy 299 social movements 136 social orders 552–4 social policy, market-based approaches to 252, 259–60 Søilen, Klaus Solberg 436 Solty, I 417 Somers, M 85, 574 Sommerfeld, M 364 South Africa 114, 334, 445, 507–8 South Korea 230–3, 567 sovereignty 122, 446; see also food sovereignty; resource sovereignty Spain 114, 151, 580, 618–19 Sparke, Matthew 6, 54, 121, 156, 435–6, 445–6 speech act theory 352 Spender, J.-C 326 Speyer, Jerry 385 Spinoza, B 617 ‘splintering urbanism’ 393 Spotton, B 563–5, 570 Springer, Simon 3, 5, 51, 54, 58, 76, 85, 311, 361, 437, 584, 589 ‘stagflation’ 70, 366, 493 Standard and Poor’s 166 state intervention 252, 565, 569 statecraft 56–7 states see nation-states Stauber, Horstmar 385 Stedman Jones, D 62 Stevenson, Robert Louis 599 Stigler, George 4, 27, 31–5 Stiglitz, Joseph 95, 557, 597, 600 Stone, Jasmine 370–2 Stormy Monday (film) 386 Stout, L 324 Strange, Susan 312–13 Straw, Jack 375 Streeck, W 417 structural adjustment programmes (SAPs) 95, 112, 130, 132, 146, 240–1, 244–5, 332, 398, 400, 420, 424–5, 430, 514, 521 structuralism 429 Styhre, A 325 subjectivity 137, 139, 165 suburbanization 393 Summers, Lawrence 243, 246 Sundberg, J 476 Sunley, P 195–6 supply-side policies 253 supranational governance 123–4 surplus value, theory of 595 surrogacy 531 surveillance 178–84, 578 sustainable development 197, 431 Svampa, M 542 Sweden 100, 568 Taleb, Nassim Nicholas 166 TallBear, Kim 529 Tapscott, Don 273 tax increment financing 354 635 Index Taylor, M 481, 587 Tea Party movement 578 technology transfer offices 347 tenant participation programmes 459 territorial integrity of states 122 Thames Water 508–9 Thatcher, Margaret 3, 21, 46, 61, 65, 68, 90, 94, 132, 144–5, 170, 179–80, 229, 255, 297, 366, 374, 378, 388–91, 425, 503 Thatcherism 47, 332, 412 Theodore, Nik 96, 308, 355, 615 theorization of neoliberalization 50–9 think tanks 35, 42, 62–4, 68, 373–9; key traits of argumentation 377 ‘third way’ policies 333, 412–13, 417, 596 Thobani, M 510 Thompson, E.P 274 Thrift, N 358 Tibet 481 Tickell, A 77, 253, 287–90, 333, 366, 374–5, 387, 391, 411, 575, 604 time-use surveys 605–6 tobacco industry 378–9 Tomich, T.P 519 Toronto 388, 391, 394 ‘total social organization of labour’ 609 trade-related intellectual property rights (TRIPs) 343, 470 trade unions 263–9, 494 transaction costs theory 322 Transatlantic Trade and Investment Partnership (TTIP) 150, 418 transnationalism 119–23 Trans-Pacific Partnership (TPP) 149–50, 418, 476 Trentmann, F 21 Tricarico, Antonio 488 Turkey 114 Tyfield, David Tyler, Imogen 181 Uber transportation service 393 UK Uncut 184–5 Umgeni Water 507–8 United Kingdom Independence Party (UKIP) 578 United Nations 67, 504, 512; Environment Programme 522 universalism 21–4 ‘urban bias’ thesis 399 urban enterprise zones 388 urban neoliberalism 385–95 urban neoliberalization 388–94; geographical origins of 389–90; historical origins of 388–9; ideological origins of 390–1; materiality of 392–4 urbanism 8–9 urbanization 386–7 Uruguay 143, 585 use-value as distinct from exchange-value 414 vampire stories 593, 595 Van Apeldoorn, B 45–6 Van Horn, Robert 4, 322 Van der Pijl, Kees 44–7, 411 Van de Velde, Didier 566, 568 Vanolo, A 352 Varoufakis,Yanis 114 Vázquez, Tabaré 585 Veltmeyer, Henry 541 Venezuela 429, 541 Venugopal, Rajesh 11, 310–11 Via Campesina, La 131, 136–7, 406–7, 523 Vilas, S 471–2 Viner, Jacob 31 violence 5, 110, 584; of neo-liberalism 153–60, 556 Vogel, S.K 566 Volcker Shock (1979) 46, 146 voluntary standards 472–3 volunteering and volunteer tourism 137–9 Von Neumann, John 483 Vrasti, W 138 Wacquant, L 374–9 Wainwright, Thomas 569 Wald, Nave Waldby, Catherine 528, 531–2 Walgreen Foundation 31 Walker, J 196, 199 Wallace, A 355 Wallace, T 135 Wallerstein, Emmanuel 558 Wallis, Allen 27, 31 Wallis, Ian 566, 568 Walters, W 75 ‘war on terror’ 122, 124, 155, 167, 578 Ward, Colin 610 Ward, Kevin 3–4 Warner, Michael 228 Washington Consensus 23, 44, 61, 68, 95, 99, 130–3, 199, 240, 332–3, 343, 398, 412, 503, 584, 596–9; old and new versions of 246 water supply 503–12; human right to 504, 512; markets for 509–11 Watt, James 496–7 Web 1.0, Web 2.0 and Web 3.0 278–9 Web of Science 197 Weber, Max 18, 98, 412–13 Weber, R 354, 457–8, 461 Weis, T 521 Weiss, L 85 welfare state provision 6–7, 65–6, 69, 112, 123, 143, 169, 172, 252–60, 286, 288, 341, 343, 362, 570; critique of 257; decline in 253–4, 276–7 636 Index welfarism 255–6 Weller, Sally 5, 11, 54–7, 86 Westbrook Partners 371 wetland banking 475–6 White, Richard J 11 Whitehead, C 458 whiteness 445, 450 Whiteside, Heather Whiting, Richard 506 Whitley, R 322–7 Williams, Anthony 273 Williams, Colin C 11, 605, 608 Williams, Z 370 Williamson, J 95, 99–100, 132–3 Williamson, O.E 22 Wilson, E.O 483 Wilson, Japhy 11, 176 Wolf, Martin 367 women: empowerment of 402; labour power of 544; as neo-liberal subjects 217–19, 224 workfare 256–60, 333 World Bank 130–5, 142, 244–6, 332, 355, 357, 366, 398, 402, 420, 424–5, 429, 470–1, 521, 597 World Economic Forum (WEF) 42–3, 420, 487 World Health Organization (WHO) 240, 244 World Social Forum 237, 247 world systems theory 538 World Trade Organization (WTO) 142, 147–8, 243–4, 343, 424, 427, 518; Seattle meeting of 150 Worldwide Universities Network (WUN) 50 Wossoker, P 457 Wright, M.W 544 Yates, J.S 583–4 Young, Robert 436 ‘yuppies’ 389 Yurchenko,Y 46–7 Zalik, Anna 10 Zamora, D 169 Zapatista movement 2, 151, 175, 179, 272, 274, 428 Zelizer,V 234 Žižek, S 230, 594–7, 600 ‘zombie neoliberalism’ 11, 592–5, 600 Zucotti Park 600 637 ... to The Handbook of Neoliberalism, a volume that offers the most complete overview of the field to date The compiled chapters explore the phenomenon of neoliberalism by examining the range of. .. in which neoliberalism has evolved The Handbook of Neoliberalism seeks to offer a wide-ranging overview of the phenomenon of neoliberalism by examining a number of ways that it has been theorized,... to take on the challenge of bringing The Handbook of Neoliberalism to fruition! Sarah Gilkes for negotiating the use of the brilliant artwork by Tony Taylor on the cover and, together with Egle