After reading this chapter, you should be able to answer the following questions: Understand what we need to know about diversity in the workplace, understand what we need to know about diversity among global cultures.
Exploring Management Chapter 16 Diversity and Global Cultures Chapter 16 • • What should we know about diversity in the workplace? What should we know about diversity among global cultures? 16.1 Diversity in the Workplace • • • • • There is a business case for diversity Inclusive organizational cultures value and support diversity Organizational subcultures can create diversity challenges Minorities and women suffer diversity bias in many situations Managing diversity should be a top leadership priority DIVERSITY IN THE WORKPLACE Business and Diversity • Diversity – • Race, gender, age and many other individual differences Inclusivity – Degree to which an organization is open to any one who can perform a job regardless of race, gender, age or any other individual difference DIVERSITY IN THE WORKPLACE Business and Diversity • Multi-cultural organization – Based on pluralism and operates with inclusivity and respect for diversity DIVERSITY IN THE WORKPLACE Business and Diversity • Organizational subcultures – Groups that share interests or characteristics • Occupations • Ethnicity • Religion • Gender • Generations DIVERSITY IN THE WORKPLACE Business and Diversity • Glass Ceiling – Career advancement barrier to women and minorities DIVERSITY IN THE WORKPLACE Business and Diversity • Biculturalism – Minority members adopt characteristics of majority cultures in order to succeed DIVERSITY IN THE WORKPLACE Managing Diversity • Affirmative action – • Valuing differences – • Management commitment to hiring and advancing women and minorities Education and training to understand and respect differences Managing diversity – Building an inclusive network that allows everyone to reach his or her potential DIVERSITY IN THE WORKPLACE Managing Diversity 16.2 Global Cultures • • • • • Culture shock comes from discomfort in cross-cultural situations Cultural intelligence is the capacity to adapt to foreign cultures The “silent” languages of cultures include context, time and space Hofstede identifies five value differences among national cultures Country clusters show cultural differences GLOBAL CULTURES Culture Shock • • Culture shock comes from discomfort in cross-cultural situations Stages include: GLOBAL CULTURES Cultural Intelligence • Cultural intelligence includes – Self awareness – Flexibility – Sensitivity – Willingness to learn – Willingness to modify behavior GLOBAL CULTURES Cultures • Low-context – • Emphasize communication via spoken or written words High-context – Rely on unspoken or situational cues as well as spoken or written words in communication GLOBAL CULTURES Cultures • Monochronic – • People tend to one thing at a time Polychronic – People accomplish many different things at once GLOBAL CULTURES Cultures • Proxemics – How people use interpersonal space to communicate GLOBAL CULTURES Culture • Hofstede’s five value differences among national cultures: GLOBAL CULTURES Hofstede’s Five Values GLOBAL CULTURES Cultures • Ecological fallacy – Mistaken belief that a generalization about a culture applies equally to everyone in that culture – Example: does he represent all Americans? GLOBE Dimensions • Power distance • Uncertainty avoidance • Gender egalitarianism • Future orientation • Institutional collectivism • In-group collectivism • Assertiveness • Performance orientation ... business case for diversity Inclusive organizational cultures value and support diversity Organizational subcultures can create diversity challenges Minorities and women suffer diversity bias in... individual difference DIVERSITY IN THE WORKPLACE Business and Diversity • Multi-cultural organization – Based on pluralism and operates with inclusivity and respect for diversity DIVERSITY IN THE... interpersonal space to communicate GLOBAL CULTURES Culture • Hofstede’s five value differences among national cultures: GLOBAL CULTURES Hofstede’s Five Values GLOBAL CULTURES Cultures • Ecological fallacy