Quantity surveyors pocket book, third edition

Quantity Surveyor’s Pocket Book The third edition of the Quantity Surveyor’s Pocket Book has been updated in line with NRM1, NRM2 and NRM3, and remains a must-have guide for students and qualified practitioners Its focused coverage of the data, techniques and skills essential to the quantity surveying role makes it an invaluable companion for everything from initial cost advice to the final account stage Key features and updates included in this new edition: •• •• •• •• •• •• an up-to-date analysis of NRM1, and 3; measurement and estimating examples in NRM2 format; changes in procurement practice; changes in professional development, guidance notes and schemes of work; the increased use of the NEC3 form of contract; the impact of BIM This book includes recommended formats for cost plans, developer’s budgets, financial reports, financial statements and final accounts This is the ideal concise reference for quantity surveyors, project and commercial managers, and students of any of the above Duncan Cartlidge, FRICS, is a chartered surveyor and construction procurement consultant with extensive experience in the delivery and management of built assets, as well as providing education and training to a wide range of built environment professionals Duncan is a former member of the RICS Quantity Surveying and Construction Professional Group Board and the ‘Black Book’ working group, and is the author of several best-selling books, including New Aspects of Quantity Surveying Practice, Estimator’s Pocket Book and Construction Project Manager’s Pocket Book www.duncancartlidge.co.uk www.nrm2.org Quantity Surveyor’s Pocket Book Third edition Duncan Cartlidge Third edition published 2017 by Routledge Park Square, Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon, OX14 4RN and by Routledge 711 Third Avenue, New York, NY 10017 Routledge is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group, an informa business © 2017 Duncan Cartlidge The right of Duncan Cartlidge to be identified as author of this work has been asserted by him in accordance with sections 77 and 78 of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988 All rights reserved No part of this book may be reprinted or reproduced or utilised in any form or by any electronic, mechanical, or other means, now known or hereafter invented, including photocopying and recording, or in any information storage or retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publishers Trademark notice: Product or corporate names may be trademarks or registered trademarks, and are used only for identification and explanation without intent to infringe First edition published by Butterworth-Heinemann 2009 Second edition published by Routledge 2013 British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data Names: Cartlidge, Duncan P., author Title: Quantity surveyor's pocket book / Duncan Cartlidge Description: Third edition | New York : Routledge, 2017 | Includes   bibliographical references and index Identifiers: LCCN 2016038009| ISBN 9781138698352 (hardback : alk paper) |   ISBN 9781138698369 (pbk : alk paper) | ISBN 9781315519333 (ebook) Subjects: LCSH: Quantity surveying Handbooks, manuals, etc Classification: LCC TH435 C367 2017 | DDC 692/.5 dc23 LC record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2016038009 ISBN: 978-1-138-69835-2 (hbk) ISBN: 978-1-138-69836-9 (pbk) ISBN: 978-1-315-51933-3 (ebk) Typeset in Goudy by Swales & Willis Ltd, Exeter, Devon, UK Dedication: Nicholas Jon Cartlidge 1942–2007 Contents Preface xiv The quantity surveyor and the construction industry The UK construction industry Market drivers Industry reports The building team The construction supply chain The role of professional institutions Quantity surveyor 10 Project manager 17 Architect 18 Building surveyor 19 Structural engineer 19 Civil engineer 19 Building services engineer 21 BIM manager/co-ordinator 22 Clerk of works 23 Site manager/agent 24 UK professionals and the EU 24 Regulation and control of the construction process 25 Planning permission 25 Building regulations 26 Health and safety – CDM regulations 27 Sustainability and the quantity surveyor 30 Legislative background 31 Themes for action during the procurement process 35 Minimise energy in construction and in use 36 Do not pollute 36 Set targets 36 Site waste management plans 37 The RICS New Rules of Measurement (NRM) initiative 37 viii Contents Ethics and the quantity surveyor Building information modelling (BIM) Early BIM adoption What is BIM? Challenges for BIM What impact will BIM have on quantity surveying practice? Soft landings 38 39 40 41 42 43 43 45 Forecasting costs and value Cost management 45 Element 45 Cost planning 47 Cost control 47 Cost analysis 48 Cost significant elements 49 Risk allowances 50 RICS NRM1: Order of cost estimating and cost planning for capital building works 50 Cost estimating techniques 50 Floor area or m2 method 50 Functional unit method 52 Elemental method 52 Interpolation 52 Approximate quantities 53 Builder’s quantities 54 Elemental cost planning 54 Sources of cost information 56 Price levels 57 Other information 59 RICS New Rules of Measurement, NRM1 (2nd edition) 61 RICS NRM1: Order of cost estimate format 63 RICS NRM1: Formal cost plans 1, and 67 Elemental cost control 67 Design and cost 69 Forecasting value 71 Sinking funds 72 Discounting appraisal techniques 72 NRM3: Order of cost estimating and cost planning for building maintenance works 79 Contents ix The property market and development 81 Taxation and property development 81 Feasibility reports 82 Residual method of valuation (developer’s budget) 86 Sources of finance 92 Equity 93 Debt finance 94 Mezzanine finance 95 Bonds 95 Answering the ‘what if?’ question 95 Whole-life costs 98 Simple aggregation 101 Value management/value engineering 105 109 Measurement and quantification Measurement practice 109 The RICS professional statement: RICS property measurement (1st edition) 109 Methods of measurement of building works 115 Standard Method of Measurement of Building Works 121 Presentation of the bills of quantities 129 Measurement conventions 130 Anding-on 132 Adds and deducts 132 Timesing 134 Dotting-on 136 Centre lines and mean girths 136 Making a start 136 Example 1: Substructure 139 Substructure: taking-off list 139 Example 2: Walls from damp-proof course to wall plate 149 Brickwork 149 Blockwork 150 Mortar 150 Walls: taking-off list 151 Sundry items of masonry 155 Example 3: Floors 158 Upper floors: taking-off list 160 Example 4: Roofs (pitched and flat) 161 Pitched roofs: taking-off list 162 452 Index time 391–5 see also contracts contract award notices 269 contract management 242–3 contract notices 268 contractors CDM regulations 29–30 delays 393–4 fluctuations 387, 389 inherent defects insurance 377–9 injury to persons and property 380 insolvency 405–9 liquidated damages 404 loss and expense claims 411–12 management contracting 240–2 measurement 121 partnering 245 pre-qualification questionnaires 271–2 preliminaries 292 pricing 273 prime contracting 250–1 private finance initiative 255–7 procurement 6, 222, 229–31, 235, 236–40, 243–4 risk 226 risks 209, 210, 219, 243–4 termination of contract 410 variations 422 contractor’s method of valuation 83–4 contracts 11, 350–419 Assessment of Professional Competence 15 bonds 382 building services engineers 21 CESMM4 118, 120 collateral warranties 352, 354, 363, 383–5 Construction Management Trade Contract 352, 363 contract procedure 350–85 cost planning 59 cost reimbursement 223, 224, 243–4, 351, 368, 375 design and build 239, 351, 352, 357, 384 FIDIC 116, 274, 277, 373–4, 391 final account 420 frameworks 252 GC/Works 274, 277, 370–2, 391 guidance notes 17 ICE Conditions of Contract 116, 372–3, 391 IChemE 374–5 insurance 376–81 Intermediate Building Contract 352, 355–6 JCT 352–63 Major Project Construction Contract 352, 357–62 Management Building Contract 352, 362 management contracting 242, 351 Measured Term Contract 352, 363 Minor Works Building Contract 352, 356 NEC 116, 350, 366–70, 391 negotiated 244 PPC2000 364–6 prime contracting 251 Prime Cost Building Contract 352, 363 procurement 226 risks 341 SBCC 375–6 site managers 24 site organisation 416–19 specifications 211–12 Standard Building Contracts 352, 354–5 standard forms 351–2 subcontractors 274, 275 term 244 Treaty of Rome 40 types of 351 see also contract administration copper 173 corruption 38 Index 453 costs 45–71 alliancing 248, 249 approximate quantities 53–4 Assessment of Professional Competence 15 benchmarking 231 builder’s quantities 54 building information modelling 42, 43 Construction 2025 report contracts 360 cost analysis 48, 54, 55, 56–9 cost control 47, 67–71 cost planning 47–9, 50, 54–61, 62–3, 67, 79–81 cost-plus contracts 243 cost reimbursement contracts 223, 224, 243–4, 351, 368, 375 cost risk 227 dayworks 386 e-tendering 344, 345, 348 elemental method 48, 50, 52, 65, 67 elements 45–7, 48, 49, 54–5, 67, 71 floor area method 48, 50–2, 55, 64, 88–9 fluctuations 387–91, 401 forecasting value 71–92 functional unit method 48, 50, 52, 65 Government Construction Strategy gross external area 111 gross internal area 112 interpolation 52–3 labour 58–9, 273, 280–7, 385–6, 388, 401, 424–6 loss and expense claims 411–12 management contracting 242 new rules of measurement 37, 38, 61–7 plant 288–90 preliminaries 399 prime cost sum 277–8 procurement 230 property development 83, 84, 87–8, 90–1 risk allowances 50 sensitivity analysis 96–7 sources of cost information 56 target cost 6, 47, 68, 244, 246, 250, 373, 375 value management 105–8 waste disposal 34 whole-life 21, 34, 36, 98–105, 251 see also pricing cover-all clauses 219 credit 3, 84 CRINE initiative 226 critical path analysis (CPA) 418–19 Crossrail cultural issues 245–6 culture change 43 curved work 136 customer satisfaction 232 damages for non-completion 391, 393, 395, 403–4 damp-proof courses 139, 145, 146, 149, 152, 183, 310–11 damp-proof membranes 139, 141, 142, 146, 147 dayworks 118, 120, 372, 385–7, 388, 423 death benefits 282, 283 debt finance 92, 94 decking 171, 174 decoration 333–5 defects 7, 354, 370, 383 benchmarking 231 collateral warranties 385 inherent defects insurance 376–9 rectification period 402, 403 delays 359–60, 369, 393–5 delivery times 239 demand 3, 5, 82, 84 demolition costs 99 descriptive specifications 212–19 454 Index design building information modelling 42 computer-aided 21 contracts 358, 366, 370 cost estimation 65 cost planning 48, 49 costs 69–71 design risk 227 integrated procurement 230–2, 237 RIBA Plan of Work 46 design and build (D&B) 224, 226, 238–40 contracts 351, 352, 357, 371, 373, 374, 376, 384 design development period 236 NBS survey 350 design and manage 243 Design Build Finance and Operate (DBFO) 256 Design Construct Manage and Finance (DCMF) 260 designers 29 developer’s budget 82, 84, 86–92 developer’s profit 88, 91 digests 219 digital models 41–2 dimensions 131, 132, 133 discounting appraisal techniques 72–9 disks 260–1, 344–6 display energy certificates (DECs) 31, 32 disposal 88, 91, 100, 280 see also waste dispute resolution 247, 248, 412–16 JCT Major Project Construction Contract 361 NEC 367 PPC2000 365 documentation 129, 218 contracts 361–2, 367, 368 design 359 e-tendering 343, 346, 347 final account 421 loss and expense claims 411 pre-qualification questionnaires 271 tendering 232, 236, 238 domestic subcontractors 274, 275–6 doors external 46 internal 47 measurement 127, 149, 182–3, 186, 193–7 pricing 324–5 dotting-on 136 drainage 198, 203, 205–6, 207–8, 280, 335–9 drawings 129–30, 132 contracts 351, 356, 371–2 e-procurement 346 final account 420 loss and expense claims 411 tender documents 232, 236 variations 422 durability 34, 35 e-auctions 269, 348 e-procurement 224, 260–1, 342–8 e-tendering 342–8 earthwork support 139, 141, 144, 147, 148 drainage 336, 338 excavation pricing 295 eaves 161, 162, 163, 165, 166, 171 ecology 33 economic cycle 84–5 education 14–16, 20, 247 see also training and education Egan Report (1998) 5, 226, 364–5 electrical engineering 21, 371–2 electrics 198 electronic auctions 269, 348 see also e-tendering elemental cost planning 48, 50, 52, 54–5, 65, 67, 79–81 elements 45–7, 48, 49, 67, 71, 213 email 261, 347 Emmerson Report (1962) 8, 11, 375 employees 3–4, 30 Index 455 employers’ liability insurance 283, 286 employer’s liquidation 409–10 enclosing ratio 69–70 energy BREEAM 33 building services engineers 21 energy efficiency 104 sustainability 34, 35, 36 energy performance certificates (EPCs) 31, 32, 374 Energy Performance of Buildings Directive 31–2 enhanced design and build 240 enterprise zones environmental assessment 33–5, 42 equity 92, 93–4, 257 errors 233–4, 378, 422 ethics 38–9 EU Energy Performance of Buildings Directive 31–2 EU Public Procurement Directive (EUPPD) 40, 262–9 European Standards 270 European Union (EU) building information modelling 40 construction professionals 24 e-tendering 342, 343 energy performance certificates 31 frameworks 252 public procurement 221, 261–9 technical specifications 270 evaluation criteria 271 excavation 139–41, 143–4, 145, 148, 280 drainage 336, 337, 339 pricing 294–8 expansion joints 150 expense claims 401, 411–12 external works 339 extra over items 148, 310 facilities management 7, 21, 42, 43, 372 Fair Payment Charter 397–9 fairness 222–3, 234, 374 fares 281–2 fascias 161, 162, 165, 171, 175, 178 FAST (Functional Analysis System Technique) 108 fast-track procurement 241–2 feasibility reports 82–6 felt roofing 173, 177, 313–14 fences 294 FIDIC see International Federation of Consulting Engineers filling 298–300 final account (final adjustment) 392, 402, 403, 409, 411, 420–36 finance costs 87, 91 loss and expense claims 412 sources of 92–8 financial statements 68 fire doors 193–4 fire prevention 381–2 first fixings 322–3 fitness for purpose 359 fixed charges 292, 293 fixed costs 288–9 flashings 171–3 flat roofs 161, 171–9, 313–14 floor area method 48, 50–2, 55, 64, 88–9 floors internal finishes 180–1, 182, 183, 184, 329, 331–2 measurement 158–61 fluctuations 354, 387–91, 401, 402, 412, 421 force majeure 395 forecasting building services engineers 21 costs 45–71 guidance notes 17 value 71–92 formwork costs 304–5 forward funding 93 foundations 19, 139, 143 frameworks 252–3, 368 456 Index fuel 290, 389 functional analysis 106, 107, 108 functional unit method 48, 50, 65 gable ladders 162, 167 gang rates 286–7, 308, 309 Gantt charts 417–18 gates 294 GC/Works contracts 274, 277, 370–2, 391 gearing 92 general contracting 10–11 glazing 326–7 global warming 30–1, 35 Government Construction Strategy (2011) 6–7, 39 Government Soft Landings (GSL) 43–4 greenhouse gas emissions 8, 31, 34 gross development value (GDV) 86–7, 88, 89–91, 94 gross external area (GEA) 110, 111–12 gross internal area (GIA) 110, 112–13 group method 127–8, 137 guaranteed minimum price (GMP) 243–4 guaranteed work 281 guarantees 368, 383 see also warranties gutters 162, 171, 175, 179 gypsum 179, 182 hand excavation 295–7 hardcore 298–9 health 21, 33 health and safety 21 benchmarking 232 regulations 27–30 technical specifications 270 heating 198 HM Revenue & Customs 81, 276, 407 hoardings 294 holidays 281, 285–6, 386 hot water supply 199–200, 340 housing sector 3, incentives 365 indemnity insurance 10, 377, 379, 381 indices 57–9 industrialised buildings 4–5 industry reports 5–8 inflation 79, 225, 368 inflation estimate 55, 63, 64, 66 risk of 387 infrastructure 20 Build Operate and Transfer 258–9 costs 87, 88, 91 inherent defects insurance 376–9 injury benefits 282 injury to persons and property 380 innovation 5, 6–7, 246–7, 379 alliancing 250 BREEAM 33 prime contracting 251 insolvency 404–10 inspection chambers 205, 339 inspections 24, 27, 394, 411 Institute of Quantity Surveyors (IQS) 14–15 Institution of Chemical Engineers (IChemE) 374–5 Institution of Civil Engineers (ICE) 9, 115, 116, 366, 372–3, 391 Institution of Clerks of Works and Construction Inspectorate of Great Britain 9, 23 Institution of Structural Engineers (IStructE) institutions, professional 9–10 insulation cavities 151, 152 partitions 152, 154 roofs 164, 173, 174, 175, 177 substructure 146 insurance completion 402 guidance notes 17 indemnity 10, 377, 379, 381 inherent defects 376–9 injury to persons and property 380 Index 457 JCT contracts 354 liability 283, 286, 355 subrogation 379–80 of works 381 integrated design interdisciplinary working 13 interest rates 87, 88, 94, 95–6, 224, 225 interim valuations 392, 395–402, 404, 408 Intermediate Building Contract (IC) 352, 355–6 internal finishes 179–82, 184–5, 327–33 internal rate of return (IRR) 76–9 International Federation of Consulting Engineers (FIDIC) 116, 274, 277, 373–4, 391 International Property Measurement Standards (IPMS) 109, 110 interpolation 48, 52–3 intumescent strips 193–4 investment method of valuation 82–3, 84 investors 81, 95, 257 ironmongery 188, 194, 324–5 ISO standards 33 JCT see Joint Contracts Tribunal joinery 182–3, 196, 322–4 see also doors; windows Joint Contracts Tribunal (JCT) 223, 341, 352–63 collateral warranties 279, 352, 354, 363, 384 Construction Management Trade Contract 352, 363 damages for non-completion 403, 404 Design and Build Contract 352, 357, 384 dispute resolution 412–13 final account 402, 421 Fire Code 381–2 fluctuations 387–8, 391, 401 insolvency 405, 409, 410 insurance 380, 381 Intermediate Building Contract 352, 355–6 loss and expense claims 411 Major Project Construction Contract 352, 357–62 Management Building Contract 352, 362 management contracting 242 Measured Term Contract 352, 363 Minor Works Building Contract 352, 356 NBS survey 350 payments 398, 399 Prime Cost Building Contract 352, 363 SBCC 376 Standard Building Contracts 211, 352, 354–5 subcontractors 274, 275 termination of contract 410 time 391, 392, 393 variations 421–4 joint ventures 93, 255 joists floors 158, 159, 160–1 roofs 162, 164, 171, 174–6 just-in-time delivery 41 key performance indicators (KPIs) 36, 231–2, 365, 369 kitchens 202 labour constants 286 asphalt roofs 321 brickwork 307–11 carpentry 313 decoration 334 doors 324–5 filling 299 formwork 305 hand excavation 295–6 in situ concrete work 302–3 joinery 323 458 Index manholes 339 plasterwork 329 reinforcement 304 tiling 317 labour costs 58–9, 273, 280–7, 385–6, 388, 401, 424–6 labour-only subcontractors 276 land use 33 Latham Report (1994) 5, 226, 370, 377, 412 lead 173 lean construction 36 lease and leaseback 93–4 legal issues 377, 391–2 building information modelling 42–3 collateral warranties 383, 384 dispute resolution 412, 415, 416 legislation building regulations 26–7 collateral warranties 384 dispute resolution 412, 414 energy performance certificates 31–2 GC/Works 370 insolvency 404, 405 interim valuations 395–6 liability insurance 283 limited liability partnerships 13 NEC 369 payments 354 planning permission 25 site accommodation and welfare facilities 417 third party rights 361, 362 see also regulation liability collateral warranties 383 defects liability period 402 inherent defects insurance 377, 378 NEC 369 liability insurance 283, 286, 355 LIBOR (London Inter-Bank Offered Rate) 87, 94 lifelong learning (LLL) 17 limited liability partnerships (LLPs) 13–14 lintels 183, 187, 191 liquidated damages 391, 393, 395, 404 liquidation 407–8, 409–10 loans 94 local development frameworks and schemes 25 location indices 57, 58 logistics 22 loss and expense claims 401, 411–12 lump sum contracts 351, 371, 375 M&E engineers maintenance Build Operate and Transfer 259 building information modelling 42 component failure 104 contracts 372 costs 71, 79–81, 99, 101, 105 plant 289, 290 Major Project Construction Contract (MP) 352, 357–62 management 33, 367 Management Building Contract (MC) 352, 362 management contracting 224, 225, 240–2, 351, 362, 368, 383 managers/coordinators 22 manholes 205, 207–8, 339 manufacturers market conditions 59 market drivers 2–5 masonry measurement 149–51, 155 NRM2 126 pricing 306–12 substructure 139 see also blockwork; brickwork materials bonds 382 BREEAM 33 cost reimbursement contracts 351 costs 34, 273 dayworks 386, 388 feasibility reports 82 fluctuations 389, 401 Index 459 insolvency 408 interim valuations 401 NRM2 123 pricing 287, 424–6 site layout 416 specifications 211, 213, 215–16 whole-life costing 100–1 see also bills of quantities McEwan Younger Report (1964) 375–6 mean girth 136, 138, 143, 148, 153 Measured Term Contract (MTC) 352, 363 measurement 11, 109–220 approximate quantities 53–4 CESMM4 115–20 conventions 130–6 doors 182–3, 186, 193–7 drainage 205–6, 207–8 elemental method 50, 52, 67 floors 158–61 group method 127–8 internal finishes 179–82, 184–5 maintenance works 80, 81 NRM2 122–6 plumbing 198–205 presentation of bills of quantities 129–30 RICS Professional statement 109–15 risks 209–11 roofs 161–79 SMM 121–2 specifications 211–20 spot items 206–9 substructure 139–48 trade-by-trade method 129 walls 149–57 windows 182–3, 186–93 see also new rules of measurement measurement contracts 351 mechanical engineering 21, 371–2 mechanical services 340 mediation 413–14 memory sticks 260–1, 344–6 mergers and acquisitions 12, 13, 14 metal flashings 171–3 method-related charges (MLCs) 119, 120 method statements 342 mezzanine finance 95 Minor Works Building Contract (MW) 352, 356 modern methods of construction (MMC) Monte Carlo simulation 98 mortar 150–1, 306–7 most economically advantageous tender (MEAT) 263, 269 nails 317, 318, 319–20, 323 named subcontractors 274–5, 276–7, 354 National Building Specification (NBS) National Construction Contracts and Law Survey 342, 349, 350–1, 366 standard library of descriptions 218 National Joint Consultative Committee for Building (NJCC) 221–2 NEC contracts 116, 350, 366–70, 391 negligence 383, 384 negotiated contracts 244 negotiated procedure 265, 266, 269 net internal area (NIA) 110, 114–15 net present value (NPV) 73–6, 77, 78–9, 100–1, 102 new rules of measurement (NRM) 37–8, 121, 122–6 cost estimation and planning 47, 48, 50, 61–7, 79–81 curved work 136 drainage 207 earthwork support 148, 295 elemental method 52 floors 158, 160 internal finishes 179 masonry 149 partitions 154 piers 156, 157 pipework 204 plasterwork 179, 327 pointing 306 preliminaries 291–2, 399 460 Index risks 209, 210 roof tiling 170 soakers 171, 173 spot items 206 substructure 141 timber 322 underpinning 300 units of measurement 132 work packages 241–2 noise 36 nominated subcontractors 274, 277–9, 354, 400, 402 non-payments 394, 411 novated design and build 240 NRM see new rules of measurement obsolescence 99, 104 offices 110, 114 Official Journal of the European Union (OJEU) 262–3, 268, 270 online auctions 269, 348 operating costs 288, 290 operational estimating 279–80 opportunity costs 75, 79, 93, 105 output specifications 219, 256, 258, 270 overheads 63–5, 79, 248, 273, 285, 291 all-inclusive rates 386 cost reimbursement contracts 351 inflation estimate 66 loss and expense claims 411 pro rata pricing 424–6 overtime payments 281, 285 package deals 240 painting 180, 185, 333 doors 196 pricing 334–5 roofs 162, 166, 171, 178 windows 189 partitions 47, 151–2, 154 partnering 226, 244–7, 249, 251, 351 ICE Conditions of Contract 373 NEC 369 PPC2000 364–6 pay less notices 397, 398 payments 353–4, 360, 369 advance 382 Fair Payment Charter 397–9 interim 395–402 PPC2000 365 performance bonds 354, 369, 382, 408 performance specifications 212, 219–20, 270 PERT charts 418, 419 phasing 42 physical devices 260–1, 344–6 piers 156, 157 pipes 198–9, 203–5, 206 drainage 207–8 pricing 335, 336, 337–9 rainwater goods 162, 166, 171, 179 pitched roofs 161, 162–71, 314 Plan of Work 46, 61, 80, 230 plan shapes 69–70, 71 planning building information modelling 42 cost 47–9, 50, 54–61, 62–3, 67, 79–81 programming 417–18 site layout 416–17 planning permission 25–6 plant 273, 287–90, 294 dayworks 386, 388 excavation 297 FIDIC contracts 374 GC/Works contracts 372 pro rata pricing 424–5 site layout 416 plasterboard 151–2, 174, 180, 181–2, 183, 184, 329 plasterwork measurement 179, 180, 181–2, 183, 184–5 pricing 327–9, 330–1 plastic 161, 199, 203 plumbing 198–205, 340 pointing 306 pollution 33, 35, 36 portable storage devices 260–1, 344–6 Index 461 possession of site 359, 391, 392, 393, 394 postponement of works 392, 393, 394, 411 PPC2000 364–6 pre-qualification questionnaires (PQQs) 271–2, 343 precast concrete units 305–6 prefabrication building information modelling 41 roofs 161 staircases 186 preliminaries 63–5, 66, 291–2, 399 present value (PV) 74, 76, 102 price levels 57–9, 60–1, 66 pricing 273–349 carpentry 312–13 CESMM4 118 contracts 355, 362, 370 dayworks 385–7 decoration 333–5 doors 324–5 drainage 335–9 e-tendering 342–8 electronic auctions 269, 348 excavation 294–8 external works 339 fencing and gates 294 filling 298–300 glazing 326–7 guaranteed minimum price 243–4 in situ concrete work 300–5 internal finishes 327–33 joinery 322–4 labour costs 280–7 managing the pricing process 340–1 masonry 306–12 materials 287 operational estimating 279–80 overheads 291 plant 287–90, 294 plumbing 340 precast concrete 305–6 preliminaries 291–2 pro rata 340, 423, 424–6 procurement 237–8 reverse auctions 349 roofs 313–21 site establishment 293 subcontractors 279 tender evaluation 234 two-stage competitive tendering 236 underpinning 300 unit rate estimating 279, 280 variations 423–6 waterproofing 321 see also costs prime contracting 224, 250–1 Prime Cost Building Contract (PCC) 352, 363 prime cost sum 277–8, 400, 426, 427 priming 166, 185, 189 principal contractors 29–30 prior information notices (PINs) 268 Prison Service 260 private finance initiative (PFI) 3, 224, 226, 227, 253, 255–8 private finance initiative (PF2) 212, 219, 224, 227, 257–8 private practice 13–14, 18 private sector Build Operate and Transfer 258–9 contracts 356, 357, 362–3 discount rate 73 e-tendering 342 final account 420 framework agreements 252 internal rate of return 76–7 procurement 221, 222–3, 225, 226 see also public-private partnerships pro rata pricing 340, 423, 424–6 probabilities 82, 98 procurement 6, 11, 221–72 alliancing 248–50 architect-led 228–9 Assessment of Professional Competence 15 building information modelling 40 contract management 242–3 cost planning 59 462 Index cost reimbursement contracts 243–4 design and build variants 238–40 design and manage 243 e-procurement 224, 260–1, 342–8 electronic auctions 269, 348 EU public procurement 261–9 frameworks 252–3 genealogy of 223–7 guidance notes 17 guidelines 221–3 management contracting 240–2 measurement 121 NBS survey 350 NEC 367–8 partnering 244–7 pre-qualification questionnaires 271–2 prime contracting 250–1 public-private partnerships 253–60 risk 227–8 sustainability 34–8 technical specifications 269–70 tender evaluation 233–5 traditional 228–33 whole-life costing 99, 105 see also tendering professional fees 55, 63–5, 66, 87, 88, 91 professional institutions 9–10 profit 63–5, 273, 291, 341 all-inclusive rates 386 cost reimbursement contracts 351 developer’s 88, 91 inflation estimate 66 interim valuations 400 pro rata pricing 424–6 profits method of valuation 83 project managers 17–18, 228–9, 367, 370 projections 156 property market and development 81–92, 223–5 provisional quantities 211, 423–4, 427 provisional sums 194, 209, 210, 341, 394 CESMM4 118, 120 final account 421, 426, 427 loss and expense claims 411 named subcontractors 276, 277 plumbing 198, 201 public-private partnerships (PPPs) 221, 224, 226, 253–60 competitive dialogue procedure 265, 266 design development period 236 internal rate of return 77 performance specifications 219 Public Procurement Directives (EU) 40, 262–9 public sector 2, 3, 101 Build Operate and Transfer 258–9 building information modelling 40 contracts 353, 356, 357, 362–3 design and build 238–9 discount rate 73 e-tendering 342 feasibility reports 82 final account 420 Government Construction Strategy prime contracting 250, 251 private finance initiative 255–7 procurement 221, 222–3, 225–7, 234, 261–9 quality alliancing 249–50 benchmarking 231 component failure 104 cost planning 60, 61 e-tendering 344 quality control 24 quality risk 227 specifications 212 subcontractors 274 see also workmanship quantification 15 see also measurement quantity cost planning 60, 61 provisional quantities 211, 423–4, 427 see also approximate quantities; bills of quantities quantity surveyors 10–17 Index 463 rafters 162–70 rainwater goods 162, 166, 171, 179, 335 recession 14, 85, 224, 225, 226 rectification period 392, 402, 403 recycling 34, 35, 99, 100 regulation 25–30 civil engineers 20 EU Energy Performance of Buildings Directive 31–2 EU Public Procurement Directive 40, 262–9 JCT contracts 353 procurement 221 see also legislation reinforcement costs 303–4 relationship contracting 224 remeasurement 117, 119, 423–4 renewal 80, 81 repairs 1, 3, 80, 99, 220 replacement expenditure 99, 101, 103 residual method of valuation 82, 84, 86–92 restricted procedure 264, 268–9 retention 369, 382, 401–2, 410 retirement benefits 282, 283 reuse 34, 35 reverse auctions 348, 349 rewards 249 RIBA see Royal Institute of British Architects RICS see Royal Institute of Chartered Surveyors ridges 162 risk 79, 209–11 alliancing 249, 250 allocation of 226, 234, 247, 366, 370 Build Operate and Transfer 259 component failure 104 contracts 341 cover-all clauses 219 finance 96 gearing ratio 92 ICE Conditions of Contract 372 management contracting 242 partnering 245, 247 prime contracting 251 private finance initiative 256, 257, 258 procurement 227–8, 243–4 time 391 risk allowances 50, 55, 63, 64, 65–6 risk assessment 20, 105 risk management 41, 246, 251, 365 roofs calculation of coverings 447–8 measurement 127–8, 161–79 pricing 312, 313–21 Royal Incorporation of Architects in Scotland 18 Royal Institute of British Architects (RIBA) 9, 11, 18 JCT 352, 354 Plan of Work 46, 61, 80, 230 Royal Institute of Chartered Surveyors (RICS) 9, 11, 12, 13, 14–17 BIM manager certification 22 Black Book 17 building information modelling 43 building surveyors 19 Code of Measuring Practice 49, 64, 110 dayworks 385 e-tendering 344 ethics 38–9 JCT 352 new rules of measurement 37–8 plant 386 procurement 228 Professional statement 49, 52, 109–15 SMM 121–2 Ryrie Rules 253 safety building information modelling 41 regulation 27–30 site managers 24 see also health and safety sand/cement screeds 180, 182, 183, 184, 329, 331–2 sanitary fittings 199, 201–2, 206, 340 464 Index scaffolding 399 schedule of rates 244 schedules building information modelling 42 CPA 418–19 management contracting 241–2 programming 417–18 site managers 24 Scottish Building Contract Committee (SBCC) 375–6 second fixings 323 sensitivity analysis 96–7 services 198 sickness benefits 282 Simon Report (1944) 11 simple aggregation 101 sinking funds 72, 75 site accommodation 293, 417 site establishment costs 293 site layout 416–17 site managers/agents 24, 212 site organisation 416–19 site preparation 87, 139–41 site supervision 399 site waste management plans 37 skirtings 179, 180, 183, 184, 185, 323 slates 170, 173, 314–15 soakers 171–3 Society of American Value Engineers (SAVE) 106 soffits 165, 171, 175, 178 soft landings 7, 43–4 solar protection 173 solvents 35 specifications 211–20, 256 contracts 356 e-tendering 344 technical 269–70 spider diagrams 97–8 spot items 206–9 squaring 131 staircases 186 Standard Building Contract (SBC) 352, 354–5, 414 Standard Classification Standard Form of Cost Analysis (SFCA) 47, 48, 62 standard library of descriptions 218–19 Standard Method of Measurement of Building Works (SMM) 121–2 standards building information modelling 42 design 359 procurement 270 specifications 212, 213 steel 158 Stern Review (2006) 30–1 storeys 70–1 strategic definition 91–2 structural engineers 9, 19 stud partitions 151–2, 154 subcontractors 9, 121, 273–9 building information modelling 41 CESMM4 120 collateral warranties 354, 384 contracts 354, 357, 365, 369–70, 372, 375 insolvency 405 interim valuations 400 liquidated damages 404 prime contracting 251 retention 401–2 termination of contract 406 subrogation 379–80 substructure 139–48, 236 suppliers e-tendering 344 interim valuations 400 partnering 249 procurement 222 see also contractors supply 3–4, 82 supply chain 6–7, 8–9, 34, 84 frameworks 253 Government Construction Strategy lean construction 36 partnering 244–5, 365 prime contracting 250, 251 Index 465 surfaces 116 suspension of works 394, 411 sustainability 30–8, 250 synthetic slate 315–16 target contracts 367–8 target cost 6, 47, 68, 244, 246, 250, 373, 375 targets 7–8, 36 taxation 104 property development 81 subcontractors 276 tax breaks see also value added tax teamwork 245, 246, 364 technical audits 378 technical specifications 269–70 technology Assessment of Professional Competence 15 e-procurement 224, 260–1, 342–8 electronic auctions 269, 348 Technology and Construction Court (TCC) 412 TechRICS 16 temporary works 120 tender price indices 57, 59, 66 tendering 11, 232–3, 405 architect-led 18 Assessment of Professional Competence 15 building information modelling 42 civil engineers 20 design and build 240 e-tendering 260–1, 342–8 electronic auctions 269, 348 EU public procurement 263–6 guidance 222 policy 340–1 pre-qualification questionnaires 271–2 specifications 211 subcontractors 276, 277, 278–9 tender adjudication 341–2 tender bonds 382 tender evaluation 233–5 traditional 229–30 two-stage competitive 222, 224, 235–8 see also procurement Tenders Electronic Daily (TED) database 268 term contracts 244 termination of contract 405, 406, 410 third party rights 354, 361, 362, 384 tiling floors and walls 182, 330, 332–3 roofs 162, 170, 172, 173, 314, 316–21 timber floors 158, 160 formwork 305 hardwood and softwood 321–2 painting 166, 333 pricing 322–4 roofs 161 stud partitions 151–2, 154 timber kits time 391–5 time extensions 359–60, 392, 393–5 time-related charges 292, 293 time risk 227 see also schedules timesing 131, 134–5 tool allowance 282 trade-by-trade method 129 traders 81 training and education 10, 14–16, 18 CITB levy 283 partnering 247 site managers 24 transparency 221, 222–3, 257, 269, 353, 412 transport 33, 290, 389 traps 202 travelling allowances 281–2 Treaty of Rome 40, 270 trussed rafters 161, 162–70, 312 trust 237, 245, 246, 247 turnkey projects 240, 374 466 Index turnover 291 two-stage competitive tendering 222, 224, 235–8 uncertainty 79, 104, 391 UNCITRAL model 222–3, 238 underpinning 300 unit rate estimating 279, 280 uPVC 173, 182, 337 Usable Buildings Trust (UBT) 44 valuation methods internal rate of return 76–9 net present value 73–6, 77, 78–9 property development 82–4, 86–92 variations 423 value added tax (VAT) 55, 63, 66, 67, 389 value for money 6, 11, 212, 227, 246 EU public procurement 266 prime contracting 250 private finance initiative 256, 257 value, forecasting 71–92 value management/value engineering 105–8, 246, 365 variable-by-variable analysis 96–7 variations final account 420, 421–6 interim valuations 400 JCT Major Project Construction Contract 360 loss and expense claims 411 see also alterations vehicle emissions 36 virtual models 41–2 wall plates 162, 167, 171, 175, 176, 313 wallpaper 334 walls 47, 49 gross external area 111 gross internal area 112, 113 internal finishes 180, 182, 184–5, 328–9, 330, 332–3 measurement 127, 149–57 net internal area 114, 115 NRM2 125 substructure 139, 144, 147 warm roofs 173, 174 warranties collateral 242, 278, 279, 352, 354, 363, 383–5 multiple 368 wastage 287, 307, 311, 320, 323, 325 waste 33–4, 35, 36 BREEAM 33 building information modelling 41 excavation 295, 297–8 site waste management plans 37 water 33, 36, 399 see also plumbing water supply 198, 204–5, 340 waterproofing 321 WCs 199, 201–2, 206 weatherproofing 166, 379 web-based systems 261, 347–8 welfare facilities 416, 417 ‘what if?’ question 95–6, 97 whole-life costs 21, 34, 36, 81, 98–105, 251 win-win approach 246, 247 windows 45, 127, 134–5, 149, 182–3, 186–93 Wolstenholme Report (2009) work packages 241–2, 243, 292 working life 289 working space 141–7, 148 workmanship 211, 213, 216, 218–19, 377, 383, 384 see also quality zinc 173 ... Estimator’s Pocket Book and Construction Project Manager’s Pocket Book www.duncancartlidge.co.uk www.nrm2.org Quantity Surveyor’s Pocket Book Third edition Duncan Cartlidge Third edition published.. .Quantity Surveyor’s Pocket Book The third edition of the Quantity Surveyor’s Pocket Book has been updated in line with NRM1, NRM2 and... this third edition the references and sections on EU public procurement have been retained Apart from Brexit, the other major development since the second edition of the Quantity Surveyor’s Pocket