The document presents the basic contents: Basic interaction between radiation and matter, spectral distribution of electromagnetic radiation, Interactions between electromagnetic radiations and matter, photoelectric effect, photoelectric effect, coherent scattering, electron-positron annihilation, discovering atomic structure, scattering of alpha particle, Bragg-curve,...invite you to refer
HUVINETT 2012 Nuclear measuring methods Basic interactions between atoms and radiations Basic interactions between electromagnetic/particle radiations and matter: Compton-scattering, Rayleigh-scattering, pair-production, photoelectric effect, absorption of alpha-, beta-, gamma- and X-ray radiations, Rutherford-scattering, cross-section Nuclear measuring methods Gaseous detectors: ionization, recombination processes ionization 1st lecture chambers, proportional counters, GM counters General measuring properties of radiation detectors: efficiency, energy Dr Imre Szalóki resolution, death time, escape effects, pile-up and response function of associate professor Head of Department of Nuclear Energetics detectors, calibration, cascade summing Counting statistics Scintillation detectors, LSC for beta- and alpha spectroscopy Budapest University of Technology and Economics Institute of Nuclear Techniques (BME NTI) Nuclear measuring methods/ lecture Dr Imre Szalóki., BME NTI Nuclear measuring methods/ lecture Nuclear measuring methods Dr Imre Szalóki., BME NTI Literature: G F Knoll, Radiation detection and measurement, Wiley, Semiconductor detectors: HPGe, Si(Li), SDD, PIN diode, CZT 1998 Special nuclear detectors: thermo-luminescent detectors, Wilson2 G Gilmore, Practical Gamma-ray Spectrometry, Wiley & Sons, chambers, radiography, particle detectors, solid-state nuclear track Ltd 2008 detector Detection of neutrons Handbook of X-Ray Spectrometry, edited by R.E Van Grieken Nuclear spectroscopy: alpha-, beta-, X-ray- and gamma-spectroscopy, and A.A.Markowicz, Practical Spectroscopy Series Volume 14, quantitative evaluation of gamma- and X-ray spectra Marcel Dekker, Inc., 1993 Electronics for nuclear spectrometers: amplifiers, pulse processing and S.S Kapoor, V.S Ramamurthy, Nuclear Radiation Detectors, shaping, analogue-to-digital conversion Special measuring techniques: New Age International Ltd., Publisher, 2005 measurement of low- and high level radioactivity, background correction methods, quality assurance of nuclear laboratory Nuclear measuring methods/ lecture Dr Imre Szalóki., BME NTI Nuclear measuring methods/ lecture Dr Imre Szalóki., BME NTI Spectral distribution of electromagnetic radiation Basic interaction between radiation and matter Electromagnetic radiations – X-rays photoelectric effect – Compton-scattering – Rayleigh-scattering – pair production ultraviolet UV gammarays Interaction between particles and matter – alpha particles – electrons – o 103 nm = 1µ m = 10-6 m 380 TV FM AM radar UV Dr Imre Szalóki., BME NTI Radio-waves A = 0.1nm ions Nuclear measuring methods/ lecture infrared MicroIR waves Light 430 470 500 530 IR 560 590 Nuclear measuring methods/ lecture Interactions between electromagnetic radiations and matter 620 760 Dr Imre Szalóki., BME NTI Photoelectric effect ν Long radio waves me vmax = hν − W Ue = hν − W h*ν = E1 − E2 Cathode Photoelectric effect Compton-scattering Anode hν Rayleigh-scattering photons Nuclear measuring methods/ lecture Dr Imre Szalóki., BME NTI Albert Einstein Nobel Nuclear measuring Prize methods/ 1.1921 lecture electrons Philipp Lenard Dr Imre Szalóki., BME NTI Nobel Prize 1905 Cross section of Relaxation processes photoelectric effect in atomic shell Auger-effect σ~ Zn Eγ3.5 n ≈ 4−5 E =0 E=hν Photoelectric Conduction band ∆E