After reading this chapter, you will be able to: Define current assets and describe some common methods of managing them; identify some sources of short-term financing (current liabilities); summarize the importance of long-term assets and capital budgeting; specify how companies finance their operations and manage fixed assets with long-term liabilities, particularly bonds;...
Chapter Sixteen Financial Management and Securities Markets © 2003 McGrawHill Ryerson Limited Types of Current Assets and Current Liabilities 16-1 Current assets (Financial resources that can be converted to cash within a year) • • • • Cash Marketable securities Accounts receivable Inventory Current Liabilities (Shortterm debt obligations that must be paid within a year) • • • • Accounts payable Wages payable Taxes payable Notes (loans) payable © 2003 McGrawHill Ryerson Limited Shortterm Investment Possibilities for Idle Cash 16-2 Type of Security Maturity Issuer of Security Interest Rate (March/02) Treasury Bill 1 month Bank of Canada 1.99% Treasury Bill 3 months Bank of Canada 2.01% Treasury Bill 6 months Bank of Canada 2.27% Treasury Bill 1 year Bank of Canada 2.88% Govt. of Canada 3.70% Govt. of Canada Bonds 2 years Short Term Deposits 3059 days Banks, Trust and Loan cos. 0.90 – 1.90 % Short Term Deposits 6099 days Banks, Trust and Loan cos. 0.90 – 1.90 % Short Term Deposits 90119 daysBanks, Trust and Loan cos. 0.90 – 1.90 % Fixed Term Deposits 1 year Banks, Trust and Loan cos. 1.30 – 2.50 % Fixed Term Deposits 2 years Banks, Trust and Loan cos. 2.25 – 3.37 % © 2003 McGrawHill Ryerson Limited Bank Loans 16-3 Line of Credit Secured loans Unsecured loans © 2003 McGrawHill Ryerson Limited An arrangement by which a bank agrees to lend a specified amount of money to an organization upon request Loans backed by collateral that the bank can claim if the borrowers do not repay the debt Loans backed only by the borrowers’ good reputation and previous credit rating 16-4 American Express extends lines of credit to its Small Business Services customers © 2003 McGrawHill Ryerson Limited Qualitative Assessment of Capital Budgeting Risk Highest Risk 16-5 Introduce a New Product in Foreign Markets (risk depends on stability of country) Add to a Product Line Buy New Equipment for an Established Market Expand into a New Market Repair Old Machinery Introduce a New Product in a Familiar Area © 2003 McGrawHill Ryerson Limited Lowest Risk The Impact of Organizational Performance on Investment Decisions Projected Return on Investment for Project X 16-6 20% 15% 15% 14% 12% 14% 10% 5% 0% Ineffecient Company Cost of Money © 2003 McGrawHill Ryerson Limited Efficient Company Return on Investment Types of Bonds 16-7a Unsecured Debentures, or bonds, that are not backed by specific collateral Secured Bonds that are backed by specific collateral that must be forfeited in the event the issuing firm defaults Serial A sequence of small bond issues of progressively longer maturity © 2003 McGrawHill Ryerson Limited Types of Bonds 16-7b Floatingrate Bonds with interest rates that change with current interest rates otherwise available in the economy Junk Special type of high interest rate bond that carries higher inherent risks © 2003 McGrawHill Ryerson Limited A Basic Bond Quote Issuer (1) Coupon (2) Maturity (3) Price (4) Yield % (5) Price Change $ (6) Canada 11.750 Feb 01/03 109.37 2.41 0.04 Royal Bank 5.400 April 07/03 102.99 2.84 0.034 Suncor 6.700 Aug. 22/11 100.88 6.57 0.05 Domtar 10.000 April 15/22 108.53 8.63 0.05 (1) Issuer – the name or abbreviation of the name of the government or corporation issuing the bond (2) Coupon – the annual percentage rate specified on the bond certificate. Domtar’s rate is 10%, so a $1,000 bond will receive $100 per year (3) Maturity – the bond’s maturity date; the date on which the issuer will repay the bondholders the face value of each bond; April 15, 2011 for Domtar (4) Price – the closing price. For Domtar, 108.58 = percent of the face value or $1,085.58 per bond (5) Yield – percentage return from interest, based on the closing price (column 4). If you buy a Domtar bond at today’s closing price of 108.85 ($1,085.58) and receive $100 per year, your rate of return to maturity will be 8.63% (6) Price Change $ the change in price from the close of the precious trading day. Domtar’s bond price decreased by $0.05 16-8 © 2003 McGrawHill Ryerson Limited A Basic Stock Quote 1. 365day 1. 365 high day low 2. Stock 10.35 1.15 Air Canada 10.90 0.80 30.81 3. Sym 4. Div 5. High 6. Low 7. Close 8. Chg 9. Vol ACA 3.89 3.66 3.68 0.27 189 Imax IMX 5.15 4.90 4.90 0.10 205 18.75 Intrawest ITW 0.16 24.25 23.70 23.85 +0.25 15.95 9.55 Linamar LNR 0.16 13.58 13.15 13.30 13.89 5.85 Magna MIE.A 13.24 12.85 61.10 7.50 Nortel Networks NT 12.40 115.00 18.69 Research in Motion RIM 53.25 41.60 Royal Bank of Canada RY 1.44 10. Yld 11. P/e 390 0.7 12.1 +0.16 889 1.2 20.1 13.00 0.05 296 11.45 11.58 0.32 94,644 35.90 33.94 34.07 0.87 7,435 50.35 49.56 49.63 0.66 7,270 100s ratio 72.2 2.9 14.0 1. Highest and lowest intra day price in the past 52 weeks 2. Abbreviated company name 3. Ticker symbol assigned to the issue by the exchange 4. Indicated annual dividend as reported by the exchange 5. Highest intraday trading price 6. Lowest intraday trading price 7. The closing price 8. Number of shares traded in 100s 9. Change between the closing price and the previous closing stock price 10. Yield expressed as a percentage, calculated by dividing the dividend by the current market price © 2003 McGrawHill Ryerson Limited 11. Price/earnings ratio; current stock price divided by the company’s earnings per share from continuing operations for the latest 16-9 The 30 Stocks in the Dow Jones Industrial Average 16-10a AT&T Du Pont McDonald's Allied Signal Eastman Kodak Merck Alcoa Exxon Minnesota Mining & Manufacturing American Express General Electric J.P. Morgan Boeing General Motors Philip Morris Caterpillar Goodyear Procter & Gamble Chevron Oil HewlettPackard Sears Citigroup IBM Union Carbide CocaCola International Paper United Technologies Walt Disney Johnson & Johnson WalMart © 2003 McGrawHill Ryerson Limited The Stocks in the TSE Index 16-10b* AbitibiConsolidated Canadian Pacific Barrick Gold Canadian Tire Corp Motion Alcan Dofasco Inc Canada Bombardier Inc Husky Energy Communications BCE Inc Magna International Bank of Montreal Inco Ltd Bank of Nova Scotia National Bank of Canada Biovail Nova Chemicals Corp Celestica Noranda Inc CIBC Nortel Networks Corp Canadian National Railway Nexen Corporation Petro Canada TransCanada Pipelines © 2003 McGrawHill Ryerson Limited Placer Dome Research in Royal Bank of Shaw Suncor Energy TELUS TransAlta Corp Teck Corp TD Bank Talisman Energy Thomson The Major Indices Created for the TSE 16-10c* • • • • • • • • • TSE 300 Composite Index TSE 300 Capped Composite Index TSE 200 Index TSE 100 Index S&P/TSE 60 Index S&P/TSE 60 Capped Index S&P/TSE Canadian SmallCap Index S&P/TSE Canadian MidCap Index Toronto 35 Index © 2003 McGrawHill Ryerson Limited Dow’s Milestones Time it took for the industrial average to go from: 16-11 5,168 days 1,000 to 2,000 9,000 to 10,000 © 2003 McGrawHill Ryerson Limited 357 days Solve the Dilemma 16-12 a Normally, rapidly increasing sales is a good thing. What seems to be the problem here? b List the important components of a firm’s working capital. Include both current assets and current liabilities c What are some management techniques applied to current liabilities that Glasspray might use to improve its working capital position? © 2003 McGrawHill Ryerson Limited Explore Your Career Options 16-13 What types of skills would be most useful to a financial manager? What are some of the most stressful aspects of the job? © 2003 McGrawHill Ryerson Limited Additional Discussion Questions and Exercises 16-14 Why would a business use a lockbox to receive payments? What are the advantages of a firm using electronic funds transfer rather than traditional checkclearing procedures? What is a junk bond? Why do investors buy junk bonds? What do companies do with retained earnings? Why is the prime rate of interest important for business firms? © 2003 McGrawHill Ryerson Limited Chapter 16 Quiz 16-15a Which one of the following is an example of a current liability? a accounts receivable b marketable securities c wages payable d inventory Which of the following is an example of a current asset? a cash b accounts payable c accrued salaries d shortterm bank loans © 2003 McGrawHill Ryerson Limited Chapter 16 Quiz 16-15b Which of the following is where new issues of stocks and bonds are sold directly to the public? a primary market b secondary market c overthecounter market d investment banks The payout ratio refers to a the dividend rate divided by the stock market average b dividends per share divided by earnings per share c the percentage of return an investor has earned on the original investment d the coupon rate on bonds that change with current interest rates © 2003 McGrawHill Ryerson Limited ... Communications BCE Inc Magna International Bank of Montreal Inco Ltd Bank of Nova Scotia National Bank of Canada Biovail Nova Chemicals Corp Celestica Noranda Inc CIBC Nortel Networks Corp Canadian National Railway... 6 months Bank of Canada 2.27% Treasury Bill 1 year Bank of Canada 2.88% Govt. of Canada 3.70% Govt. of Canada Bonds 2 years Short Term Deposits 3059 days Banks, Trust and Loan cos. 0.90 – 1.90 %... Canadian National Railway Nexen Corporation Petro Canada TransCanada Pipelines © 2003 McGrawHill Ryerson Limited Placer Dome Research in Royal Bank of Shaw Suncor Energy TELUS TransAlta Corp