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THÔNG TIN TÀI LIỆU
Cấu trúc
Cover
Brief Contents
Contents
About the Authors
Preface
For Whom is this Book Written?
How is this Book Organized?
Learning Tools
What’s New in the Second Edition?
Walk Through Tour
Supplements
About the Website
Other Supplementary Resources
Acknowledgements
Pt 1: Introduction
Ch 1: Ten Principles of Economics
How People Make Decisions
How People Interact
How the Economy as a Whole Works
Conclusion
Summary
Key Concepts
Questions for Review
Problems and Applications
Ch 2: Thinking Like an Economist
The Economist as Scientist
The Economist as Policy Advisor
Why Economists Disagree
Let’s Get Going
Appendix Graphing: A Brief Review
Ch 3: Interdependence and the Gains from Trade
A Parable for the Modern Economy
The Principle of Comparative Advantage
Applications of Comparative Advantage
Pt 2: Supply and Demand I: How Markets Work
Ch 4: The Market Forces of Supply and Demand
Markets and Competition
Demand
Supply
Supply and Demand Together
Conclusion: How Prices Allocate Resources
Ch 5: Elasticity and its Application
The Elasticity of Demand
The Elasticity of Supply
Three Applications of Supply, Demand and Elasticity
Ch 6: Supply, Demand and Government Policies
Controls on Prices
Taxes
Pt 3: Supply and Demand II: Markets and Welfare
Ch 7: Consumers, Producers and the Efficiency of Markets
Consumer Surplus
Producer Surplus
Market Efficiency
Conclusion: Market Efficiency and Market Failure
Ch 8: Application: The Costs of Taxation
The Deadweight Loss of Taxation
The Determinants of the Deadweight Loss
Deadweight Loss and Tax Revenue as Taxes Vary
Ch 9: Application: International Trade
The Determinants of Trade
The Winners and Losers from Trade
The Arguments for Restricting Trade
Pt 4: The Economics of the Public Sector
Ch 10: Externalities
Externalities and Market Inefficiency
Private Solutions to Externalities
Public Policies Towards Externalities
Public/Private Policies Towards Externalities
Ch 11: Public Goods and Common Resources
The Different Kinds of Goods
Public Goods
Common Resources
Conclusion: The Importance of Property Rights
Ch 12: The Design of the Tax System
A Financial Overview of the UK Government
Tax Systems in Other Countries
Taxes and Efficiency
Taxes and Equity
Conclusion: The Trade-off Between Equity and Efficiency
Pt 5: Firm Behaviour and the Organization of Industry
Ch 13: The Costs of Production
What are Costs?
Production and Costs
The Various Measures of Cost
Costs in the Short Run and in the Long Run
Ch 14: Firms in Competitive Markets
What is a Competitive Market?
Profit Maximization and the Competitive Firm’s Supply Curve
The Supply Curve in a Competitive Market
Conclusion: Behind the Supply Curve
Ch 15: Monopoly
Why Monopolies Arise
How Monopolies Make Production and Pricing Decisions
The Welfare Cost of Monopoly
Price Discrimination
Public Policy Towards Monopolies
Conclusion: The Prevalence of Monopoly
Ch 16: Monopolistic Competition
Competition with Differentiated Products
Advertising
Ch 17: Oligopoly
Between Monopoly and Perfect Competition
Markets with Only a Few Sellers
Game Theory and the Economics of Cooperation
Public Policy Toward Oligopolies
Pt 6: The Economics of Labour Markets
Ch 18: The Markets for the Factors of Production
The Demand for Labour
The Supply of Labour
Equilibrium in the Labour Market
The Other Factors of Production: Land and Capital
Ch 19: Earnings and Discrimination
Some Determinants of Equilibrium Wages
The Economics of Discrimination
Ch 20: Income Inequality and Poverty
The Measurement of Inequality
The Political Philosophy of Redistributing Income
Pt 7: Topics for Further Study
Ch 21: The Theory of Consumer Choice
The Budget Constraint: What the Consumer can Afford
Preferences: What the Consumer Wants
Optimization: What the Consumer Chooses
Three Applications
Conclusion: Do People Really Think this Way?
Ch 22: Frontiers of Microeconomics
Asymmetric Information
Political Economy
Behavioural Economics
Pt 8: The Data of Macroeconomics
Ch 23: Measuring a Nation’s Income
The Economy’s Income and Expenditure
The Measurement of Gross Domestic Product
The Components of GDP
Real Versus Nominal GDP
GDP and Economic Well-being
Ch 24: Measuring the Cost of Living
The Consumer Prices Index
Correcting Economic Variables for the Effects of Inflation
Pt 9: The Real Economy in the Long Run
Ch 25: Production and Growth
Economic Growth Around the World
Productivity: Its Role and Determinants
Economic Growth and Public Policy
Conclusion: The Importance of Long-run Growth
Ch 26: Saving, Investment and the Financial System
Financial Institutions in the Economy
Saving and Investment in the National Income Accounts
The Market for Loanable Funds
Ch 27: The Basic Tools of Finance
Present Value: Measuring the Time Value of Money
Managing Risk
Asset Valuation
Ch 28: Unemployment
Identifying Unemployment
Job Search
Minimum Wage Laws
Unions and Collective Bargaining
The Theory of Efficiency Wages
Pt 10: Money and Prices in the Long Run
Ch 29: The Monetary System
The Meaning of Money
The Role of Central Banks
The European Central Bank and the Eurosystem
The Bank of England
The Federal Reserve System
Banks and the Money Supply
Ch 30: Money Growth and Inflation
The Classical Theory of Inflation
The Costs of Inflation
Pt 11: The Macroeconomics of Open Economies
Ch 31: Open-economy Macroeconomics: Basic Concepts
The International Flows of Goods and Capital
The Prices for International Transactions: Real and Nominal Exchange Rates
A First Theory of Exchange Rate Determination: Purchasing Power Parity
Ch 32: A Macroeconomic Theory of the Open Economy
Supply and Demand for Loanable Funds and for Foreign Currency Exchange
Equilibrium in the Open Economy
How Policies and Events Affect an Open Economy
Pt 12: Short-Run Economic Fluctuations
Ch 33: Keynes and IS-LM Analysis
The Keynesian Cross
The Multiplier Effect
The IS and LM Curves
General Equilibrium Using the IS-LM Model
From IS-LM to Aggregate Demand
Ch 34: Aggregate Demand and Aggregate Supply
Three Key Facts about Economic Fluctuations
Explaining Short-run Economic Fluctuations
The Aggregate Demand Curve
The Aggregate Supply Curve
Two Causes of Economic Fluctuations
Ch 35: The Influence of Monetary and Fiscal Policy on Aggregate Demand
How Monetary Policy Influences Aggregate Demand
How Fiscal Policy Influences Aggregate Demand
Using Policy to Stabilize the Economy
Ch 36: The Short-run Trade-off Between Inflation and Unemployment
The Phillips Curve
Shifts in the Phillips Curve: The Role of Expectations
The Long-run Vertical Phillips Curve as an Argument for Central Bank Independence
Shifts in the Phillips Curve: The Role of Supply Shocks
The Cost of Reducing Inflation
Inflation Targeting
Pt 13: Topics in International Finance and Macroeconomics
Ch 37: The Financial Crisis
Bubbles and Speculation
Asymmetric Information, the Bonus Culture and Risk
The Bubble Bursts
The Path to Global Recession
Summary: The Causes of the Financial Crisis
The Conduct of Monetary Policy
Lesson Learned? The Role of the Regulators
Ch 38: Common Currency Areas and European Monetary Union
The Euro
The Benefits and Costs of a Common Currency
The Theory of Optimum Currency Areas
Is Europe an Optimum Currency Area?
Fiscal Policy and Common Currency Areas
Pt 14: Final Thoughts
Ch 39: Five Debates over Macroeconomic Policy
If Only We Knew What We Know!
Are Structural Deficits Real or Not?
Should the Government Balance its Budget?
Is Macroprudential Policy the ‘Missing Ingredient’ from the Current Policy Framework?
How Did Economists Get it So Wrong?
Glossary
Index