Contents Chapter Whole Numbers 1.1 Introduction to Whole Numbers 1.2 Addition of Whole Numbers and Perimeter 1.3 Subtraction of Whole Numbers 1.4 Rounding and Estimating 14 1.5 Multiplication of Whole Numbers and Area 16 1.6 Division of Whole Numbers 22 Problem Recognition Exercises: Operations on Whole Numbers 29 1.7 Exponents, Square Roots, and the Order of Operations 31 1.8 Problem-Solving Strategies 34 Chapter Review Exercises 41 Chapter Test 47 Chapter Fractions and Mixed Numbers: Multiplication and Division 2.1 Introduction to Fractions and Mixed Numbers 49 2.2 Prime Numbers and Factorization 53 2.3 Simplifying Fractions to Lowest Terms 56 2.4 Multiplication of Fractions and Applications 60 2.5 Division of Fractions and Applications 65 Problem Recognition Exercises: Multiplication and Division of Fractions 70 Multiplication and Division of Mixed Numbers 72 Chapter Review Exercises 77 Chapter Test 81 Chapters – Cumulative Review Exercises 84 2.6 Chapter Fractions and Mixed Numbers: Addition and Subtraction 3.1 Addition and Subtraction of Like Fractions 86 3.2 Least Common Multiple 90 3.3 Addition and Subtraction of Unlike Fractions 95 3.4 Addition and Subtraction of Mixed Numbers 101 Problem Recognition Exercises: Operations on Fractions and Mixed Numbers 107 Order of Operations and Applications of Fractions and Mixed Numbers 109 Chapter Review Exercises 115 Chapter Test 120 3.5 i Chapters – Cumulative Review Exercises Chapter 121 Decimals 4.1 Decimal Notation and Rounding 124 4.2 Addition and Subtraction of Decimals 126 4.3 Multiplication of Decimals 131 4.4 Division of Decimals 135 Problem Recognition Exercises: Operations on Decimals 143 4.5 Fractions as Decimals 145 4.6 Order of Operations and Applications of Decimals 151 Chapter Review Exercises 161 Chapter Test 166 Chapters – Cumulative Review Exercises 169 Chapter Ratio and Proportion 5.1 Ratios 172 5.2 Rates and Unit Cost 175 5.3 Proportions 178 Problem Recognition Exercises: Operations on Fractions versus Solving Proportions 185 Applications of Proportions and Similar Figures 186 Chapter Review Exercises 194 Chapter Test 199 Chapters – Cumulative Review Exercises 201 5.4 Chapter Percents 6.1 Percents and Their Fraction and Decimal Forms 204 6.2 Fractions and Decimals and Their Percent Forms 207 6.3 Percent Proportions and Applications 212 6.4 Percent Equations and Applications 220 Problem Recognition Exercises: Percents 225 6.5 Applications Involving Sales Tax, Commission, Discount, and Markup 227 6.6 Percent Increase and Decrease 231 6.7 Simple and Compound Interest 235 Chapter Review Exercises 237 Chapter Test 243 Chapters – Cumulative Review Exercises 245 ii Chapter Measurement 7.1 Converting U.S Customary Units of Length 248 7.2 Converting U.S Customary Units of Time, Weight, and Capacity 253 7.3 Metric Units of Length 257 7.4 Metric Units of Mass, Capacity, and Medical Applications 259 Problem Recognition Exercises: U.S Customary and Metric Conversions 263 Converting Between U.S Customary and Metric Units 263 Chapter Review Exercises 267 Chapter Test 270 Chapters – Cumulative Review Exercises 271 7.5 Chapter Geometry 8.1 Lines and Angles 274 8.2 Triangles and the Pythagorean Theorem 277 8.3 Quadrilaterals, Perimeter, and Area 282 8.4 Circles, Circumference, and Area 285 Problem Recognition Exercises: Area, Perimeter, and Circumference 289 Volume 290 Chapter Review Exercises 294 Chapter Test 297 Chapters – Cumulative Review Exercises 299 8.5 Chapter Introduction to Statistics 9.1 Tables, Bar Graphs, Pictographs, and Line Graphs 302 9.2 Frequency Distributions and Histograms 304 9.3 Circle Graphs 307 9.4 Mean, Median, and Mode 310 9.5 Introduction to Probability 315 Chapter Review Exercises 318 Chapter Test 321 Chapters – Cumulative Review Exercises 323 Chapter 10 Real Numbers 10.1 Real Numbers and the Real Number Line 326 10.2 Addition of Real Numbers 329 10.3 Subtraction of Real Numbers 332 iii 10.4 10.5 Problem Recognition Exercises: Addition and Subtraction of Real Numbers 335 Multiplication and Division of Real Numbers 337 Problem Recognition Exercises: Operations on Real Numbers 340 Order of Operations 341 Chapter 10 Review Exercises 345 Chapter 10 Test 348 Chapters – 10 Cumulative Review Exercises 349 Chapter 11 Solving Equations 11.1 Properties of Real Numbers 352 11.2 Simplifying Expressions 356 11.3 Addition and Subtraction of Properties of Equality 360 11.4 Multiplication and Division Properties of Equality 365 11.5 Solving Equations with Multiple Steps 371 Problem Recognition Exercises: Equations versus Expressions 377 Applications and Problem Solving 379 Chapter 11 Review Exercises 385 Chapter 11 Test 390 Chapters – 11 Cumulative Review Exercises 392 11.6 Appendix A.1 Energy and Power 396 A.2 Scientific Notation 398 A.3 Rectangular Coordinate System 399 iv Chapter Whole Numbers Chapter Opener Puzzle Section 1.1 Introduction to Whole Numbers Section 1.1 Practice Exercises (a) periods (b) hundreds (c) thousands 321 tens 1: ones 9: tens 7: hundreds 6: thousands 3: ten-thousands 214 ones 689 tens 738 ones 8,710 hundreds 10 2,293 hundreds 8,213,457 7: ones 5: tens 4: hundreds 3: thousands 1: ten-thousands 2: hundred-thousands 8: millions 11 1,430 thousands 12 3,101 thousands 13 452,723 hundred-thousands 14 655,878 hundred thousands 15 1,023,676,207 billions 103,596 6: ones 9: tens 5: hundreds 3: thousands 0: ten-thousands 1: hundred-thousands 16 3,111,901,211 billions 17 22,422 ten-thousands 18 58,106 ten-thousands 19 51,033,201 millions 20 93,971,224 millions Chapter 21 Whole Numbers 10,677,881 ten-millions 22 31,820 m 49 One hundred thousand, two hundred thirty-four thousands 50 Four hundred thousand, one hundred ninety-nine 23 7,653,468,440 billions 24 31,000 ten-thousands 51 Nine thousand, five hundred thirty-five 25 tens + ones 26 tens + one 52 Five hundred ninety thousand, seven hundred twelve 27 hundreds + tens + ones 53 Twenty thousand, three hundred twenty 28 hundreds + tens + ones 54 One thousand, eight hundred 29 hundreds + ones 55 One thousand, three hundred seventyseven 30 hundreds + ones 56 Sixty million 31 ten-thousand + hundreds + tens + one 57 6,005 32 ten-thousands + hundreds + tens + ones 58 4,004 59 672,000 33 524 60 248,000 34 318 61 1,484,250 35 150 62 2,647,520 36 620 63 37 1,906 64 38 4,201 65 Counting on a number line, 10 is units to the right of 39 85,007 40 26,002 66 Counting on a number line, is units to the left of 11 41 ones, thousands, millions, billions 42 ones, tens, hundreds, thousands 67 Counting on a number line, is units to the left of 43 Two hundred forty-one 68 Counting on a number line, is units to the right of 44 Three hundred twenty-seven 45 Six hundred three 69 > is greater than 2, or is less than 46 One hundred eight 70 < 11 is less than 11, or 11 is greater than 47 Thirty-one thousand, five hundred thirty 48 Fifty-two thousand, one hundred sixty Section 1.1 71 < is less than 7, or is greater than Introduction to Whole Numbers 83 90 < 91 84 48 > 47 72 14 > 12 14 is greater than 12, or 12 is less than 14 85 False; 12 is made up of the digits and 73 < 11 86 False; 26 is made up of the digits and 74 14 > 13 87 99 75 21 > 18 88 999 76 < 89 There is no greatest whole number 77 < 90 is the least whole number 78 14 < 24 91 10,000,000 79 95 > 89 92 100,000,000,000 80 28 < 30 93 964 81 < 94 840 zeros 11 zeros 82 > Section 1.2 Addition of Whole Numbers and Perimeter Section 1.2 Practice Exercises 3 hundreds + tens + one (a) addends (b) sum (c) commutative (d) 4; (e) associative (f) polygon (g) perimeter Three hundred fifty-one hundred + ones 2004 4012 thousands + tens + ones 6206 Chapter Whole Numbers Fill in the table Use the number line if necessary + 0 1 10 2 10 11 3 10 11 12 4 10 11 12 13 5 10 11 12 13 14 6 10 11 12 13 14 15 7 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 8 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 10 + = 14 Addends: 5, Sum: 14 18 39 = tens + ones + 20 = tens + ones 59 = tens + ones 11 + = 10 Addends: 2, Sum: 10 19 15 = ten + ones + 43 = tens + ones 58 = tens + ones 12 12 + = 17 Addends: 12, 15 Sum: 17 20 12 = ten + ones 15 = ten + ones + 32 = tens + ones 59 = tens + ones 13 11 + 10 = 21 Addends: 11, 10 Sum: 21 21 10 = ten + ones = tens + ones 30 = tens + ones 48 = tens + ones 14 + 13 + = 18 Addends: 1, 13, Sum: 18 22 = tens + ones 21 = tens + one + 10 = ten + ones 38 = tens + ones 23 = tens + ones 11 = ten + one + = tens + ones 19 = ten + ones 24 341 + 225 566 15 + + = 15 Addends: 5, 8, Sum: 15 16 42 = tens + ones + 33 = tens + ones 75 = tens + ones 17 21 = tens + one + 53 = tens + ones 74 = tens + ones Section 1.2 25 407 + 181 588 26 890 + 107 997 27 444 + 354 798 28 29 30 31 32 13 + 102 119 11 221 + 237 Addition of Whole Numbers and Perimeter 36 658 + 231 889 37 642 + 295 937 11 38 152 + 549 701 39 462 + 388 850 40 15 +9 29 11 31 + 430 468 24 14 + 160 198 41 31 +8 41 42 14 + 17 40 76 + 45 121 1 33 25 + 59 84 34 87 + 24 111 35 38 + 77 115 43 18 +4 29 11 44 79 112 + 12 203 11 45 62 907 + 34 1003 Chapter Whole Numbers 61 The sum of any number and is that number (a) 423 + = 423 (b) + 25 = 25 (c) 67 + = 67 46 331 422 + 76 829 11 47 87 119 + 630 836 62 13 + 63 100 + 42 11 48 100 + 42 142 4980 + 10223 15, 203 64 + 45 11 49 13 +7 20 23112 892 24,004 + 45 52 65 23 + 81 23 + 81 104 11 50 10 223 25 782 4980 40,985 18 +5 23 67 76 + 76 +2 78 11 1 51 92 377 622 34 659 132,658 66 18 + 68 1523 + 90 52 12 + = + 12 53 30 + 21 = 21 + 30 54 101 + 44 = 44 + 101 69 1320 + 448 55 + 13 = 13 + 56 (4 + 8) + 13 = + (8 + 13) 1 523 + 90 1,613 320 + 448 1,768 70 + 39 + 81 57 (23 + 9) + 10 = 23 + (9 + 10) 58 + (12 + 8) = (7 + 12) + 59 41 + (3 + 22) = (41 + 3) + 22 39 + 81 125 71 For example: The sum of 54 and 24 60 The commutative property changes the order of the addends, and the associative property changes the grouping 72 For example: The sum of 33 and 15 73 For example: 88 added to 12 Section 2.5 62 5 51 ⋅ = 36 Division of Fractions and Applications 40 18 ⋅ ⋅ 48 ⋅ = ⋅ = 21 25 ⋅ ⋅ 35 16 3 63 ÷ = ⋅ = 16 1 52 ⋅ = 16 12 15 4 64 ÷ = ⋅ = 15 53 ⋅ = ⋅ = 3 65 12 54 12 ⋅ = ⋅ = 10 6 2 by , and ÷ ⋅ multiplies 3 2 2 multiplies by So ⋅ = ⋅ = 3 1 16 16 55 ÷8 = ⋅ = 5 2 1 and ÷ = ⋅ = 3 2 multiplies by , and ÷ 3 3 16 multiplies by So ⋅ = ⋅ = 3 66 ⋅ 42 42 56 ÷7 = ⋅ = 11 11 11 8 and ÷ = ⋅ = 12 16 16 40 57 ÷ = ⋅ = 3 1 27 = ⋅ = 1 16 =2 ⋅ 16 = ⋅ 8 1 60 59 27 67 54 ÷ ÷ = 54 ⋅ ÷ = 27 ÷ 21 21 17 17 17 58 ÷ = ⋅ = 8 Ź 16 48 16 48 ÷ ÷8= ⋅ ÷8= ÷8 68 56 56 2 ⋅9 = ⋅ = 3 1 16 = ⋅ = 22 ⋅ 11 55 ⋅ = ⋅ = 61 16 ⋅ 56 67 Chapter Fractions and Mixed Numbers: Multiplication and Division 1 70 3 = ⋅ ⋅ = ⋅ = 18 2 35 16 1 ÷ ⋅ = ⋅ ⋅ = ⋅ = 16 35 14 1 2 20 15 2 20 15 ⋅ ÷ = ⋅ ⋅ ÷ 77 21 16 3 21 16 3 3 9 ÷ 71 ÷ = ⋅ ÷ = 14 8 14 64 14 8 14 ⋅7 = ⋅ = ⋅ = 64 ⋅ 32 32 15 20 ⋅5 20 ⋅ ÷ = ⋅ ÷ 16 21 ⋅ ⋅3 21 20 21 = ÷ = ⋅ 12 21 12 20 ⋅7 = ⋅ = ⋅ 4 ⋅ 16 = 1 1 ÷ = ÷ ⋅ = ÷ 72 2 2 7 = ⋅ = 2 78 2 73 2 2 76 25 ÷ 50 ⋅8 = 25 ⋅ ⋅8 = ⋅8 50 7 ÷ ⋅ = ⋅ ⋅ = ⋅ = 69 10 13 13 ⋅ ÷ = ⋅ ÷ 27 16 18 3⋅ ⋅ 18 13 18 3⋅ = ÷ = ⋅ = ⋅ = 18 13 13 13 = 8 3 3 3 ÷ = ⋅ = 20 = 20 ⋅ 20 = 400 2 9 79 ÷ = ⋅ = 18 1 74 ÷ = ⋅ = = ⋅ 12 8 12 = 3 13 3 13 ⋅ ÷ = ⋅ ⋅ ÷ 27 18 27 4 18 4 ÷ = ⋅ =8 80 25 64 18 2 36 81 36 ÷ = ⋅ = 54 2 63 63 7 ⋅ ⋅4 = ⋅4 75 ÷ ⋅ = 4 2 9 1 Li wrapped 54 packages 20 7 49 = ⋅ ⋅ = ⋅ = 49 2 60 82 60 ÷ = ⋅ = 80 1 She can sell 80 parcels of land 68 Section 2.5 Division of Fractions and Applications (c) $240,000 − $24,000 = $216,000 He will have to finance $216,000 3 16 83 = 24 cups of juice ÷ = ⋅ 16 1 90 (a) 25 5 100 84 = 125 cm ÷ = ⋅ 100 1 1 19,560 ⋅ 19,560 = ⋅ 12 12 19,560 = 12 = 1630 The down payment is $1630 815 16 85 16 ⋅ = ⋅ = 12 4 (b) 1 The stack will be 12 in high $815 = $815 Althea will have to pay $815 86 24 ⋅ 24 = ⋅ = 30 4 (c) $19,560 − $1630 = $17,930 She will have to finance $17,930 Yes, the books will take up only 30 in 91 (a) ⋅ = 4 87 (a) 18 ÷ 1 1630 ⋅ 1630 = ⋅ = 815 $1630 − 2 18 = ⋅ = 27 1 She plans to sell 27 commercials in hr (b) 27 × 24 = 648 648 commercials in day (b) She keeps 20 = ⋅ = 40 1 40 commercials in hr 2 of the land ⋅ = or acres 88 (a) 20 ÷ (b) 40 × 24 = 960 960 commercials in day 89 (a) acre 1 42 92 (a) ⋅ (24 + 18) = ⋅ (42) = ⋅ =7 6 1 240,000 ⋅ 240,000 = ⋅ 10 10 240,000 = 10 = 24,000 The down payment is $24,000 Josh has read pages (b) (24 + 18) − = 42 − = 35 He still must read 35 pages 8000 7 93 ÷ = ⋅ = 14 2 24,000 = 16,000 ⋅ 24,000 = ⋅ 3 1 She can prepare 14 samples Ricardo’s mother will pay $16,000 (b) $24,000 − $16,000 = $8000 Ricardo will have to pay $8000 69 Chapter Fractions and Mixed Numbers: Multiplication and Division 97 The product will be less than 47 because is less than one 7 16 94 = 14 ÷ = ⋅ 16 1 Tony must make 14 strikes 98 The product will be less than 81 because is less than one 95 The length is 12 ft, because 30 ⋅ 12 30 ÷ = ⋅ = ⋅ = = 12 5 99 The quotient will be more than 25 because is between zero and one m, because ⋅4 ÷ 14 = ⋅ = ⋅ = ⋅7 14 96 The width is 100 The quotient will be more than 41 because is between zero and one 11 Problem Recognition Exercises: Multiplication and Division of Fractions (a) 8 ⋅ 16 ⋅ = ⋅ = 5 (c) 12 ÷ (b) ⋅ 16 ⋅ = ⋅ = 5 (d) 9 ⋅3 ÷ 12 = ⋅ = ⋅ = 8 12 ⋅ 32 (c) 8 ⋅4 20 ÷ = ⋅ = ⋅ = ⋅3 (d) ⋅3 ÷ = ⋅ = ⋅ = 5 ⋅ 20 (a) 10 12 10 ⋅ 40 ⋅ = ⋅ = 7 (b) 12 10 ⋅ 10 40 ⋅ = ⋅ = 7 (c) 10 12 10 ⋅5 35 ÷ = ⋅ = ⋅ = ⋅6 18 12 (d) 12 10 12 ⋅ 18 ÷ = ⋅ = ⋅ = ⋅5 35 7 10 15 3⋅ ⋅ = =9 (a) 15⋅ = ⋅ = 5 (b) 3 15 3⋅ ⋅15 = ⋅ = ⋅ = =9 5 1 15 ⋅ 5 25 ⋅ = = 25 (c) 15 ÷ = ⋅ = 3 (d) (a) (b) 12 ⋅ 27 ⋅ = (a) 12 ⋅ = ⋅ = 8 2⋅ (c) 9 12 3⋅ 27 ⋅12 = ⋅ = ⋅ = 8 2⋅ (d) (b) 12 ⋅ 32 = ⋅ = ⋅ = ⋅3 70 3 1 ÷ 15 = ⋅ = ⋅ = 5 15 ⋅ 25 5 25 ⋅ = 6 36 ⋅ = =1 5 5 ÷ = ⋅ = =1 6 5 5 25 ÷ = ⋅ = 6 36 Problem Recognition Exercises: Multiplication and Division of Fractions ⋅0 = (b) ⋅ = (c) ÷ = Undefined (d) ÷ = ⋅ = (a) (d) 10 (a) (b) 16 ⋅4 ⋅ ⋅ = ⋅ ⋅ = 12 21 ⋅ 21 189 16 21 ⋅ ÷ = ⋅ ⋅ (b) 12 21 12 16 ⋅7 = = ⋅ ⋅ 12 ⋅ 96 (a) (c) (d) 16 ⋅ ⋅2 ÷ ⋅ = ⋅ ⋅ 12 21 ⋅ 21 = 21 16 21 ÷ ÷ = ⋅ ⋅ (d) 12 21 12 16 21 21 ⋅ ⋅ = = ⋅ 16 128 (c) (a) (b) 9 ÷6÷ = ⋅ ⋅ 10 10 3⋅ 2⋅2 ⋅ ⋅ = = ⋅5 ⋅ 2⋅ 10 ⋅ ⋅10 = ⋅ ⋅ = 20 ⋅ 10 4 1 ⋅ ÷ 10 = ⋅ ⋅ = 20 ⋅5 10 250 4 20 ⋅ 160 ÷ ⋅ 10 = ⋅ ⋅ = 20 1 = 160 4 20 ÷ ÷ 10 = ⋅ ⋅ 20 10 2⋅ 4⋅ = ⋅ ⋅ = ⋅5 5 2 ⋅1 = 3 2 (b) 1⋅ = 3 2 (c) ÷1= 3 3 (d) ÷ = 1⋅ = 2 11 (a) 7 ⋅ ⋅ = 27 7 7 ⋅ ÷ = ⋅ ⋅ = ⋅ ⋅ = 9 2 ⋅ 12 12 (a) ⋅3 ÷ ⋅ = ⋅ ⋅ = ⋅ ⋅ = 7 7 27 (d) ÷ ÷ = ⋅ ⋅ = 28 9 (a) ⋅6⋅ = ⋅ ⋅ 10 10 ⋅3 27 = ⋅ ⋅ = 10 ⋅ 20 9 (b) ⋅6 ÷ = ⋅ ⋅ 10 10 1 ⋅ 108 = ⋅ ⋅ = ⋅5 1 9 1 ÷6⋅ = ⋅ ⋅ (c) 10 10 3⋅ 1 = ⋅ ⋅ = 10 ⋅ 80 ⋅3 ÷ 10 = ⋅ = ⋅ = ⋅5 10 10 ⋅5 ⋅ = ⋅ = ⋅3 (c) ⋅10 = 60 (d) 10 ⋅ = 60 (c) (b) 10 ÷ = = ⋅ = 32 (b) ⋅ = = 4 (c) ÷ = (d) ⋅ = 32 13 (a) 14 (a) (b) 71 8÷ 1 1 ÷2= ⋅ = 7 14 1 2 ⋅2 = ⋅ = 7 Chapter Fractions and Mixed Numbers: Multiplication and Division 1 ⋅ = 14 1 2 ÷ = ⋅ = 7 (c) (d) 16 (a) 1 1 3 (b) ÷ = ⋅ ⋅ = 2 2 1 ⋅8 42 ⋅ = ⋅ ⋅ = 16 ⋅ = ⋅ 6 ⋅3 = 1 (b) 42 ÷ = ⋅ ÷ = 16 ⋅ = 16 ⋅ = 96 6 15 (a) (c) 2 2 ⋅ = ⋅ ⋅ = 3 (d) (c) 1 1 ⋅ = ⋅ ⋅ = 1 1 4 4⋅ = ⋅ ⋅ = = = 6 36 ⋅9 2 2 ÷ = ÷ ⋅ = ÷ 3 3 9 = ⋅ = 1 1 (d) ÷ = ÷ ⋅ = ÷ 6 36 6 36 = ⋅ = 144 1 Section 2.6 Multiplication and Division of Mixed Numbers Section 2.6 Practice Exercises improper 52 52 ÷ 13 = ⋅ = = 18 18 13 18 5 ⋅ = 27 Multiply the whole number by the denominator Add the result to the numerator Write the result from step over the denominator 13 10 26 ⋅ = 9 3 × + 17 = = 5 20 10 20 ÷ = ⋅ = 9 10 10 42 42 12 ÷ = ⋅ = 11 11 11 × 10 + 27 = = 10 10 10 × + 11 11 = = 7 × + 33 12 = = 8 32 32 ÷4= ⋅ = 15 15 15 72 Section 2.6 12 13 77 −6 17 −12 12 5 19 ⋅ = ⋅ = 7 14 11 57 −55 5 −3 2 11 =1 1 49 20 ⋅ = ⋅ = 8 15 39 −36 16 Multiplication and Division of Mixed Numbers 15 31 −2 11 −10 15 −6 =3 1 2 38 21 ⋅ = ⋅ = 38 9 1 10 22 ⋅ = ⋅ = 20 3 1 12 37 37 17 = ⋅ = 12 12 1 37 −35 =7 83 16 83 ⋅ = 23 = 16 16 13 27 83 −6 23 −21 26 15 39 18 = ⋅ = 19 39 −2 19 −18 = 19 = 27 1 26 27 ⋅ = 18 24 = 13 13 1 29 10 145 ⋅ = 25 ⋅10 = 4 73 Chapter Fractions and Mixed Numbers: Multiplication and Division 72 145 −14 −4 1 53 53 53 35 ÷ = ÷ = ⋅ = =4 9 12 12 = 72 64 13 64 64 12 36 12 ÷ = ÷ = ⋅ = =4 5 5 13 13 13 1 2 26 ⋅ = ⋅ = 3 1 17 16 40 37 ÷ = ÷ = ⋅ = =2 16 16 17 17 17 27 ⋅ = 28 ⋅ 38 19 38 12 24 38 ÷ = ÷ = ⋅ = =4 12 12 19 5 =0 10 1 15 15 29 = ⋅ = = 2 2 7 1 1 9 39 ÷ = ÷ = ⋅ = 2 4 1 13 13 ⋅ = =1 30 = 10 10 35 35 40 ÷ = ÷ = ⋅ = =2 6 2 2 27 54 ⋅ ⋅ = =2 31 = 25 25 41 ÷ 42 ÷ 1 49 11 77 ⋅ ⋅ = = 19 32 = 4 8 1 =0 12 =0 11 17 17 43 ÷ = ÷ = ⋅ = 17 6 6 1 17 11 17 34 ⋅ = 33 ÷ = ÷ = 10 10 10 11 55 1 13 13 44 ÷ = ÷ = ⋅ = 13 2 2 17 51 51 34 34 ÷ = ÷ = ⋅ = =6 10 10 10 5 2 4 14 45 ÷ = ÷ = ⋅ = = 7 3 1 74 Section 2.6 Multiplication and Division of Mixed Numbers 3 7 54 ÷ = ÷ = ⋅ = 4 12 Each child will inherit $ million 12 15 15 13 39 46 ÷ = ÷ = ⋅ = =5 13 13 7 1 7 47 ÷ = ÷ = ⋅ = = 2 2 4 71 14 = 497 55 (a) Lucy: 35 × 14 = ⋅ 2 14 14 14 48 ÷ = ÷ = ⋅ = = 3 3 9 85 10 Ricky: 42 × 10 = ⋅ = 425 2 19 49 ⋅ = ⋅ = 38 4 1 497 − 425 = 72 Lucy earned $72 more than Ricky Tabitha earned $38 (b) 497 + 425 = 922 Together they earned $922 3500 10,500 50 ⋅ 10,500 = ⋅ = 28,000 3 17 28 41 28 24 672 = ÷ = ⋅ = 24 24 41 41 16 = 16 41 16 The roll is 16 ft long 41 56 28 ÷ 1 The land will cost Kurt $28,000 257 25 1285 ⋅ = = 642 51 25 ⋅ 25 = 10 2 10 2 1 11 11 11 10 =2 ⋅ 57 ÷ = ÷ = 10 10 11 Average Americans consume 642 lb 1 52 12 ÷ 12 16 = ⋅ = = 16 5 15 11 55 58 ⋅ = ⋅ = =6 6 8 Kayla will have 16 doses 1 16 59 ÷ = ÷ = ⋅ = = 8 3 7 53 (a) ÷ = ÷ = ⋅ = weeks old 4 4 1 8 24 60 ÷ = ÷ = ⋅ = =3 3 7 1 17 (b) ÷ = ÷ 8 1 17 17 = ⋅ = = weeks old 2 27 61 ⋅2 = ⋅ = =1 10 10 5 1 75 Chapter Fractions and Mixed Numbers: Multiplication and Division 4 41 41 62 ⋅5 = ⋅ = =6 8 6 63 ⋅0 = 12 = 1 57 19 = ⋅ ⋅ = =2 8 21 21 65 10 ÷ = ÷ = ⋅ = =1 2 6 5 25 40 21 76 ÷ ÷ = ÷ ÷ 16 16 17 34 ⋅1 = ⋅ = 9 63 25 16 10 = ⋅ ⋅ = = 40 21 24 12 67 ÷ = 77 The perimeter of the garden is 2(20) + 2(15) = 40 + 30 = 70 ft 3 3 ÷2 = ÷ = ⋅ = 8 20 14 70 70 70 ÷ = ÷ = ⋅ = 56 4 56 bricks will be needed 56 × $3 = $168 The total cost is $168 12 69 12 ⋅ = ⋅ = =1 8 2 70 20 ⋅ 62 31 = =3 18 9 19 68 1 57 75 ÷ ÷ = ÷ ÷ 8 16 64 ⋅ = ⋅ = 32 3 66 14 31 11 14 74 = ⋅ ⋅ 33 33 1 129 43 129 =3 ÷ = ⋅ 78 64 ÷ 21 = 2 2 43 20 ⋅ = = =2 15 15 3 It takes gallons of gas for Sara to get to and from work × $5 = $15 It costs Sara $15 each day 71 ÷ is undefined 72 ⋅ = 1 79 12 ⋅ 25 = 318 17 15 21 73 = ⋅ ⋅ = 34 34 =2 1 80 38 ÷ 12 = 3 15 76 Section 2.6 Multiplication and Division of Mixed Numbers 18 81 56 ÷ = 17 6 19 404 84 106 ÷ 41 = 753 1 82 25 ⋅18 = 466 5 85 11 ⋅ 41 = 480 83 32 99 ÷ 12 = 12 146 Chapter 86 ⋅ 28 = 280 27 Review Exercises Section 2.1 1 2 11 47 −45 12 (b) Improper 23 or 8 23 =1 21 21 134 16 941 −7 24 −21 31 −28 (a) (b) Proper 15 13−15 (a) 5 17 26 or 6 × + 43 = = 7 60 1582 −156 22 −0 22 134 60 22 11 = 60 26 13 Section 2.2 11 × + 57 11 = = 5 18 21, 51, 1200 19 55, 140, 260, 1200 1 17 17 10 ÷ = ÷ = ⋅ = 17 4 4 20 58, 124, 140, 260, 1200 21 Prime 77 Chapter Fractions and Mixed Numbers: Multiplication and Division 31 15 × 14 21× 10 210 = 210 15 10 = 21 14 22 Composite 44 = × 11 23 Neither 24 Neither 25 16 32 32 5 = = 20 ⋅ 33 14 ⋅ = = 49 ⋅ 7 34 24 ⋅ = = 16 ⋅ 35 63 ⋅ 7 = = 27 ⋅ 3 36 17 =1 17 37 42 ⋅ 21 = =2 21 21 38 120 12 ⋅ 4 = = = 150 15 ⋅ 5 39 1400 14 ⋅7 = = = 2000 20 ⋅ 10 10 64 ⋅ ⋅ ⋅ ⋅ ⋅ = 26 = 64 11 26 55 165 330 ⋅ ⋅ ⋅ 11 = 330 27 45 225 450 40 900 ⋅ ⋅ ⋅ ⋅ ⋅ = 22 ⋅ 32 ⋅ 52 = 900 42 ⋅ 14 14 = = 45 ⋅ 15 15 45 − 42 = 3 = = 45 ⋅ 15 15 28 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 12, 16, 24, 48 29 1, 2, 4, 5, 8, 10, 16, 20, 40, 80 Section 2.3 30 × × 18 ≠ 30 ≠ 41 (a) ⋅3 = = 10 ⋅ 5 (b) 2⋅ = = 15 ⋅ 5 Section 2.4 42 78 × = 35 Chapter 43 Review Exercises 32 × = 3 17 17 17 54 A = (12) = ⋅ = ⋅ = 51 ft 2 2 2 44 14 ⋅ 14 = ⋅ = 63 2 10 55 A = lw = ⋅ = or m 3 1 45 33 ⋅ 33 = ⋅ = 15 11 11 56 A = 20 20 ⋅3+ ⋅ ⋅6 3 1 36 ⋅ ⋅ = 46 25 1 5 lumber 900 2 2 2 1 49 ⋅ = ⋅ ⋅ ⋅ 10 5 10 10 1 3600 58 ⋅ 3600 = ⋅ = 900 4 1 = ⋅ 25 100 There are 900 African American students 25 300 1 3600 = 300 ⋅ 3600 = ⋅ 59 12 12 = 625 There are 300 Asian American students 2 1 1 ⋅ = = ⋅ ⋅ = 50 20 10 10 10 10 1000 10 60 1 or yd of 2 Maximus requires 1 1 48 = ⋅ ⋅ ⋅ = 10 10 10 10 10,000 10 1 7 57 ⋅ = ⋅ = or 8 2 1 45 28 12 47 = ⋅ ⋅ 10 63 = 20 + 20 = 40 yd 10 20 20 = ⋅ + ⋅ ⋅ 3 41 1000 1000 ⋅ = 51 = 17 10 17 1000 17 1 1 3600 3600 ⋅ ⋅ 3600 = ⋅ ⋅ = = 300 6 12 There are 300 Hispanic female students 300 5 3600 1500 ⋅ ⋅ 3600 = ⋅ ⋅ = = 750 61 12 12 1 52 A = bh There are 750 Caucasian male students 53 A = lw 79 Chapter Fractions and Mixed Numbers: Multiplication and Division Section 2.5 1 62 ⋅ =1 1 1 65 1 27 81 3 81 11 18 ÷ ÷ = ⋅ ⋅ = 78 55 11 55 3 67 5 1 28 21 28 20 ⋅ ⋅ 16 ÷ = ⋅ = ⋅ = 15 20 15 21 ⋅ ⋅ 1 ⋅ = 26 52 = 35 63 7 ⋅ 71 ÷ = ⋅ = ⋅ = 63 35 ⋅ 5 4 20 80 ⋅ 20 = ⋅ = 16 5 1 72 6 1 = ÷ 18 = ⋅ 7 18 21 18 81 18 ÷ = ⋅ = 27 3 73 1 ⋅ = ÷ = 10 10 12 24 82 24 ÷ = ⋅ = 36 3 74 79 ⋅ ÷ = ⋅ ÷ = ÷ 26 13 13 69 multiplying 70 36 ⋅ = ⋅ = ⋅5 36 66 Reciprocal does not exist 68 12 36 144 36 144 77 ÷ = ÷ = ⋅ 25 25 36 5 1 1 ⋅ ⋅ = 4 64 = 1 12 =1 ⋅12 = ⋅ 63 12 12 64 3 76 ÷ = ⋅ 19 = 19 19 19 1 200 25 200 17 25 ⋅ 17 ÷ = ⋅ = ⋅ = 51 17 51 25 17 ⋅ 25 36 bags of candy 4 40 83 = 32 hr ⋅ 40 = ⋅ 5 12 75 12 ÷ = ⋅ = 14 32 × $18 = $576 Amelia earned $576 80 Chapter 84 4 16 ⋅ = 3 90 45 Review Exercises ⋅0 = 13 16 16 10 12 640 ⋅ 10 ⋅ 12 = ⋅ ⋅ = 9 1 3 640 The area is or 213 ft 3 38 19 38 10 92 ÷ = ⋅ = ÷ = 11 11 11 19 11 3 85 ÷ = ⋅ = 24 1 14 9 93 ÷ = ÷ = ⋅ = =4 9 14 2 Yes, he will have 24 pieces, which is more than enough for his class Section 2.6 25 50 50 25 94 ÷ = ÷ = ⋅ = =2 11 11 11 11 11 11 32 352 86 = ⋅ = 15 23 15 352 = 23 15 −30 52 −45 51 17 51 95 10 ÷ 17 = ÷ = ⋅ = 5 17 96 ÷ 1 =0 12 1 5 25 97 ⋅ = ⋅ = =3 4 8 It will take gal 34 71 71 87 11 = ⋅ = = 23 3 34 34 13 16 88 ⋅ = ⋅ =8 13 13 1 25 25 98 12 ÷ = ÷ = ⋅ = 10 4 1 There will be 10 pieces 1 45 45 89 ⋅ = ⋅ = = 22 2 8 Chapter 69 23 69 91 ÷ = ÷ = ⋅ = =1 16 16 16 23 Test (b) Proper (b) Improper (a) (a) 81 ... Chapter Test 321 Chapters – Cumulative Review Exercises 323 Chapter 10 Real Numbers 10.1 Real Numbers and the Real Number Line 326 10.2 Addition of Real Numbers 329 10.3 Subtraction of Real Numbers... tens 4: hundreds 3: thousands 1: ten-thousands 2: hundred-thousands 8: millions 11 1,430 thousands 12 3,101 thousands 13 452,723 hundred-thousands 14 655,878 hundred thousands 15 1,023,676,207 billions... thousands 0: ten-thousands 1: hundred-thousands 16 3,111,901,211 billions 17 22,422 ten-thousands 18 58,106 ten-thousands 19 51,033,201 millions 20 93,971,224 millions Chapter 21 Whole Numbers