Đang tải... (xem toàn văn)
Lecture 16 - Introduction to information systems. After studying this chapter you will be able to understand: What is information? What is information system? Why need information system? Early history of IS with other disciplines, information system versus computer science, information technology, context and definitions, capabilities of information system.
Introduction to Information Systems Lecture 16 Summary of Previous Lecture In previous lecture we have been learnt about, Web Advertisement Web Advertisement Terminologies Ad views Banner Clicks (or ad clicks) Click Ratio Cookie CPM Summary of Previous Lecture Effective Frequency Hit Impressions Reach Visit Pros of Internet Advertisement Double Click Approach Advertisement Methods Banners and Banner Exchanges Banner Swapping Summary of Previous Lecture Advertisement Strategy Internet Based Ad Design Passive Pull Strategy Active Push Strategy Ad as a Commodity Push Technology Implementing Strategy Intelligent Agents Summary of Today’s Lecture What is information? System components and concepts Characteristics of information What is information system? Why need information system? Historical background of information system Information system today Terminology related to MIS and IS Summary of Today’s Lecture Types of Information Systems Early history of IS with other disciplines Information system versus computer science Information technology Context and definitions Capabilities of information system Summary What is Information? Information is created by defining and organizing relationships among data Defining different relationships results in different information Example: Different Designs of wood depicting different shapes of information! System Components and Concepts Input Capturing and gathering raw data Processing Converting or transforming data into useful outputs Output Useful information, usually in the form of documents, reports, and transaction data Feedback Output that is used to make changes to input or processing activities System components and concepts Characteristics of a Valuable information Information should posses following characteristics, Accurate Complete Economical Flexible Reliable Relevant Simple Timely Verifiable Accessible Secure Decision Support System Expert System An expert system is a computer system that emulates the decision-making ability of a human expert Expert systems are designed to facilitate tasks in the fields of accounting, medicine, process control, financial service, production, human resources, among others Executive Information System They are intended to facilitate and support the information and decision-making needs of senior executives by providing easy access to both internal and external information relevant to meeting the strategic goals of the organization It is commonly considered as a specialized form of decision support system (DSS) Office Automation System Office automation systems helps in optimizing or automating existing office procedures Office workflows of information and other documentation procedures are automated using office automation system Groupware information systems Collaborative software (or groupware) is a type of information system, designed to help people involved in a common task achieve goals One of the earliest definitions of “collaborative software” is, "intentional group processes plus software to support them." Collaboration software Example The Early History of IS with other disciplines Information systems have been used with variety of different subject areas, including IS and Managerial Accounting IS and Operations Research IS and Management and Organization Theory IS and Computer Science IS and Cognitive Psychology Information Systems vs Computer Science Computer Science has its concentration in the study of algorithms, computation, software, and data structures Information Systems is an extension of management and organization theory that applies technical capabilities and solutions initially developed by computer science, to tasks in organizations For example, web development using HTML, XML, scripting may be a computer scientist job, but integrating all these to develop business portal is an Information Systems job Information Technology Information Technology (IT) sometimes refers to the technology component of an information system However, the concept is often used by many to describe the collection of all information systems in organization Putting Things in Context Information Technology - the hardware, software, and networks that make Information Systems possible Information System - a system that uses information technology to capture, transmit, store, retrieve, manipulate, and display information Business process - a related group of steps or activities that use people, information, and other resources, to create value for internal or external customers Putting Things in Context Firm (or organization) - consists of a large number of interdependent business processes that work together to generate products of services in a business environment Business environment - includes the firm and everything else that affects its success, such as competitors, suppliers, customers, regulatory agencies, and demographic, social, and economic conditions What goes wrong? Capabilities of Information Systems Provide Fast and Accurate Transaction Provide Large Capacity, Fast Access Storage Provide Fast Communications (machine to machine, human to human) Reduce Information Overload Span Boundaries Provide Support for Decision Making Provide a Competitive Weapon General Technological Trends for IT Summary Today we have learnt, Information, information system, needs and importance Historical perspectives of information systems Different types of information systems Capabilities of information system ... Here are some reasons for the need of an information system, Global Competition for Market and for Labor Need for Real-time Operations Managing Work Force Customer-Oriented Operations... systems International Federation for Information Processing/British Computing Society 1985 curriculum for information systems International Federation for Information Processing/ British Computer... Today’s Lecture What is information? System components and concepts Characteristics of information What is information system? Why need information system? Historical background of information