i PRAISE FOR U N LO C K I N G H A P P I N E S S AT WO R K ‘Jennifer Moss leverages science, real-world examples and personal storytelling to detangle our misconceptions about the value of gratitude in our personal and professional lives This book elegantly explains how gratitude can be taught and developed as the way to become our highest-performing selves.’ Robert Emmons, Professor of Psychology at UC Davis and author of Thanks! ‘I love the combination of strategy and action, thinking and doing as well as the compassion, gratitude and adventure in this book Jennifer Moss is all that and much more Thank you for exploring and clarifying how we can engage in a happiness strategy that is accepting, inclusive and real.’ Luis Gallardo, Founder of the World Happiness Summit and author of Brands & Rousers ‘Unlocking Happiness at Work is packed with provocative research and compelling examples of how to build higher performing individuals and teams This book is a must-read for leaders of any organization seeking to become more innovative and elevate its performance.’ Raj Sisodia, author of Conscious Capitalism, Co-Chairman, Conscious Capitalism Inc ‘Any business leader who wants to build higher-performing, innovative and compassionate teams should read this book All of us know that great people make great companies As a leader, I am always looking for better ways to engage our team, attract high-performing talent, disrupt and innovate while growing the current business I understand that some may question the validity of a happiness strategy, but we can’t ignore it any longer Jennifer Moss uses scientific evidence and case studies to ii validate that authentic happiness at work will be the key to team member engagement for the most successful companies in 2020 and beyond If you’re like me and want to know how to stay ahead of the curve, you’ll want to read her book.’ Steve Carlisle, President and Managing Director, GM of Canada ‘We know that happiness is a competitive advantage, but Unlocking Happiness at Work finally gives us the technical insight into how we can bring this science into our own organizations Drawing on decades of hands-on experience, Jennifer Moss answers critical questions about the ways big and small data play a role in our happiness, whether technology can be a bridge or a barrier to well-being, and how the positive psychology movement has shaped our past, current and future state of happiness A must-read for creating lasting culture change!’ Amy Blankson, Co-founder of GoodThink and author of The Future of Happiness ‘We all deserve to be happy at work Jen’s ability to distil proven research into practical advice will help more of us get there.’ Sarah Green Carmichael, Senior Editor, Harvard Business Review and hbr.org iii Unlocking Happiness at Work How a data-driven happiness strategy fuels purpose, passion and performance Jennifer Moss iv Publisher’s note Every possible effort has been made to ensure that the information contained in this book is accurate at the time of going to press, and the publishers and author cannot accept responsibility for any errors or omissions, however caused No responsibility for loss or damage occasioned to any person acting, or refraining from action, as a result of the material in this publication can be accepted by the editor, the publisher or the author First published in Great Britain and the United States in 2016 by Kogan Page Limited Apart from any fair dealing for the purposes of research or private study, or criticism or review, as permitted under the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988, this publication may only be reproduced, stored or transmitted, in any form or by any means, with the prior permission in writing of the publishers, or in the case of reprographic reproduction in accordance with the terms and licences issued by the CLA Enquiries concerning reproduction outside these terms should be sent to the publishers at the undermentioned addresses: 2nd Floor, 45 Gee Street 1518 Walnut Street, Suite 1100 London Philadelphia PA 19102 EC1V 3RS USA United Kingdom 4737/23 Ansari Road Daryaganj New Delhi 110002 India © Jennifer Moss 2016 The right of Jennifer Moss to be identified as the author of this work has been asserted by her in accordance with the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988 ISBN 978 7494 7807 E-ISBN 978 7494 7808 British Library Cataloguing-in-Publication Data A CIP record for this book is available from the British Library Library of Congress Control Number 2016949342 Typeset by Graphicraft Limited, Hong Kong Print production managed by Jellyfish Printed and bound in Great Britain by CPI Group (UK) Ltd, Croydon CR0 4YY v Co n te n ts Foreword xi Introduction 1 The scariest, best moments and how they change us permanently 4 What I want from you and for you 7 01 The happiness/brain science connection 9 Neural pathways and behaviour 11 The history of neuroplasticity 12 Battling the bad habits 14 The ever−adapting memory 19 How our brains fire and wire 20 The motivated brain 22 Delivering meaning 25 How simple can it be? 26 Encourage friendships 28 Activities 30 Recommended reading 33 02 The history of happiness 35 Rising from the ashes 37 Socrates 39 Helen Keller 40 Nelson Mandela 43 William James 45 Returning to the Towers after 9/11 46 The morning nurse or the night nurse? 48 The happiness shift 50 The happiness saturation 51 Activities 56 Recommended reading 56 vi Contents 03 The power of habit 57 Our lazy brains 58 The myth of the 21-day habit 60 Quick wins 61 Physical and psychological fitness 64 When habits go bad 65 The attitude of gratitude 68 Building habits for life 68 Activities 73 Recommended reading 74 04 Emotional intelligence and leadership 75 What is emotional intelligence? 76 The early adopters 79 Looking upstream 80 The return on investment of high emotional intelligence 81 The competitive advantage 83 Case study: The value of acceptance – Coreworx 84 Happiness and money: The awkward conversation 86 Outcomes of higher emotional intelligence 87 Survival of the authentic 87 Activities 91 Recommended reading 91 05 Conscious capitalism 93 What is conscious capitalism? 93 Case study: The beauty of ethical shopping – The Body Shop 95 Do customers really care? 96 The firms of endearment 96 The talent attraction and retention benefit 99 How can we shift from old patterns to new patterns? 101 Case study: The misfits – Misfit Inc. 102 The story of Whole Foods 104 Embarking on the conscious capitalist journey 106 Where to start? 108 Contents Activities 109 Recommended reading 109 06 The happiness disruptors 111 The technology explosion 112 The pitfalls of professional development 117 We’re missing the budget 119 How learning equals loyalty 120 Feeling cool towards the hot desk 122 Activities 125 Recommended reading 126 07 Engaging the whole person 127 How work makes us feel alive and keeps us alive too 128 The whole person 130 The introduction of work/life balance 132 The power of purpose 133 Case study: Zappos 135 Case study: Virgin 137 Case study: REI 137 Building a flexible culture 138 Millennials 142 To wrap up 146 Activities 147 Recommended reading 148 08 A happier approach to change 149 Change is hard 149 Ignoring change won’t make it go away 151 Is happiness too hard? 152 Who are these leaders? 153 The little things are actually the big things 154 Why authenticity matters 157 Why we react negatively to change? 161 Brain management vs change management 162 How can happiness help navigate change more effectively? 162 vii viii Contents Activities 164 Recommended reading 165 09 Want to be a global company? Be a global citizen 167 Dimensions of global brands 168 Case study: TOMS Shoes 169 The pursuit of purpose vs the pursuit of profit 171 Purpose or perks? 172 Laurent and lululemon 174 Activities 181 Recommended reading 183 10 The future of happiness 185 Humanizing the super-computer 185 When robots learn emotional intelligence 187 How will this change the workforce? 190 The future of ageing happily 192 The rise of mindfulness 192 Frankenstein, or just great science? 195 Conclusion 199 Acknowledgements 203 References 211 Index 221 ix Foreword by Shawn Achor Happiness researcher and New York Times best-selling author of Before Happiness The world has changed Two years ago I was invited to speak at the Pentagon on the topic of positive psychology research At the end of my presentation, a senior warfare leader came up to me and said, ‘Five years ago, the Pentagon could not have had a talk on happiness Something has changed Now we know that that conversation is crucial to organ izational success.’ This was a marked departure from when I started bringing positive psychology research from the labs at Harvard to companies In 2006, at the beginning of the financial crisis, concepts of positive psychology seemed alien to senior leaders Ten years later, nearly half of the Fortune 100 companies in 50 countries have invited me to work with them on happiness research Many now realize that the greatest competitive advantage in the modern economy is a positive and engaged brain The conversation truly has changed So why is the world ready for this message now? The first answer is actually the impetus for this book: having a quantitative approach to understanding the positive side of the curve has changed everything For several decades, the world has known that subjective negative experiences like depression and trauma can be studied But only recently has society, fuelled by the positive psychology movement, understood that happiness, gratitude and meaning are no different Anything we can observe, we can quantify and then impact Jennifer Moss has been one of the biggest champions of this datadriven movement to study happiness using the tools of technology and Big Data For several years, Jennifer, her husband Jim and I have been partners on projects that have looked for ways to connect leaders with the technologies and training that have helped not only move 214 References Frey, C and Osborne, M (2013) The future of employment: How susceptible are jobs to computerisation? Oxford Martin [Online] http://www oxfordmartin.ox.ac.uk/downloads/academic/The_Future_of_ Employment.pdf Fry, R (2015) Millenials surpass Gen Xers as the largest generation in U.S labor force, Pew Research Center [Online] www.pewresearch.org/ fact-tank/2015/05/11/millennials-surpass-gen-xers-as-the-largestgeneration-in-u-s-labor-force/ Fuchs, V (1989) Women’s quest for economic equality, The Journal of Economic Perspectives, (1), pp 25–41 [Online] http://www.jstor.org/ stable/1942963?seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents Gaines-Ross, L (2014) Gen Xers’ reputation as slouchers not true [Online] www.reputationxchange.com/gen-xers-reputation-as-slouchers-not-true/ Gallup (1999) Item 10: I have a best friend at work, Gallup Business Journal.[Online] http://www.gallup.com/businessjournal/511/item-10best-friend-work.aspx Gartner.com (2016) IT glossary [Online] http://www.gartner.com/itglossary/internet-of-things/ Giang, V (2015) Robots might take your job, but here’s why you shouldn’t worry [Online] http://www.fastcompany.com/3049079/the-future-ofwork/robots-might-take-your-job-but-heres-why-you-shouldnt-worry Gilbert, J (2011) The Millennials: A new generation of employees, a new set of engagement policies, Ivey Business Journal [Online] http:// iveybusinessjournal.com/publication/the-millennials-a-new-generationof-employees-a-new-set-of-engagement-policies/ Goldhill, O (2016) Can we trust robots to make moral decisions? [Online] http://qz.com/653575/can-we-trust-robots-to-make-moral-decisions/ Goldman Sachs (2016) Millennials coming of age [Online] www goldmansachs.com/our-thinking/pages/millennials/?t=t Goleman, D (n.d.) Emotional intelligence [Online] www.danielgoleman info/topics/emotional-intelligence/Greene, J and Grant, A (2003) Solution-Focused Coaching:Managing people in a complex world, Pearson International Griehsel, M (2006) Interview transcript with Muhammad Yunas, 2006 Nobel Peace Prize Laureate, 12 December [Online] www.nobelprize org/nobel_prizes/peace/laureates/2006/yunus-interview-transcript.html Grossman, P, Tiefenthaler-Gilmer, U, Raysz, A and Kesper, U (2007) Mindfulness training as an intervention for fibromyalgia: Evidence of postintervention and 3-year follow-up benefits in well-being, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, 76, pp 226–33 References Hakimi, S (2015) Why purpose-driven companies are often more successful [Online] www.fastcompany.com/3048197/hit-the-ground-running/ why-purpose-driven-companies-are-often-more-successful Hammerman-Rozenberg, R, Maaravi, Y, Cohen, A and Stessman, J (2005) Working late: The impact of work after 70 on longevity, health and function, Aging Clinical and Experimental Research, 17 (6), pp 508–13 Hamori, M, Cao, J and Koyuncu, B (2012) Why top young managers are in a nonstop job hunt, Harvard Business Review [Online] https://hbr org/2012/07/why-top-young-managers-are-in-a-nonstop-job-hunt/ar/1 Hanson, R (2013a) Hardwiring Happiness: The new brain science of contentment, calm and confidence, Harmony Hanson, R (2013b) How to wire your brain for happiness, Huffington Post [Online] http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2013/10/17/howtiny-joyful-moments-c_n_4108363.html Herman, N (2015) Why parental sleep deprivation needs to be taken seriously, The Washington Post [Online] www.washingtonpost.com/ news/parenting/wp/2015/02/16/why-parental-sleep-deprivationneeds-to-be-taken-seriously/ Hills, J (2016) Brain box: Change management doesn’t work if you want change use the brain, Head Heart and Brain [Online] www.headheartbrain.com/brain-box-change-management-doesntwork-if-you-want-change-use-the-brain/ Hines, A (2011) A Dozen Surprises About the Future of Work, Wiley Periodicals [Online] http://www.andyhinesight.com/wp-content/uploads/ 2014/07/A-dozen-surprises-about-the-future-of-work-eOffprint.pdf Hochschild, A and Machung, A (2003) The Second Shift, Penguin Books Holt-Lunstad, J, Smith, T and Band Layton, JB (2010) Social relationships and mortality risk: A meta-analytic review, PLoS Medicine, (7): e1000316 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pmed.1000316 Holt, D, Quelch, J and Taylor, E (2004a) How consumers value global brands, Working Knowledge [Online] http://hbswk.hbs.edu/item/ how-consumers-value-global-brands Holt, D, Quelch, J and Taylor, E (2004b) How global brands compete, Harvard Business Review [Online] https://hbr.org/2004/09/how-globalbrands-compete Hölzel, B, Tang, Y and Posner, M (2015) The neuroscience of mindfulness meditation, Nature Reviews Neuroscience, 16, pp 213–25 Ignatius, A (2016) Howard Scultz on Starbucks’ turnaround, Harvard Business Review [Online] https://hbr.org/2010/06/howard-schultzon-starbucks-tu 215 216 References iOpener Institute (2016) Jessica Pryce-Jones [Online] https://iopenerinstitute.com/about-us/Jessica-pryce-jones/ Jusufi, V and Saitovic´, K (2007) How to Motivate Assembly Line Workers, Jönköpong International Business School [Online] http://hj.diva-portal org/smash/get/diva2:4698/FULLTEXT01 Kahneman, D and Tversky, A (1974) Judgement under uncertainty: Heuristics and biases, Science, 185 (4157), pp 1124–31 [Online] http://psiexp.ss.uci.edu/research/teaching/Tversky_Kahneman_1974.pdf Kaufman, A and Confino, J (2015) What ever happened to the body shop? Huffington Post, December [Online] www.huffingtonpost.com/entry/ body-shop-comeback_us_565deb36e4b079b2818bf4d3 Keith, E (2015) Meetings: A love and hate affair (Blog, September) [Online] http://blog.lucidmeetings.com/blog/meetings-a-love-and-hateaffair-meeting-infographic Kjaer, A (2013) Global key trends 2020 [Online] http://global-influences com/social/communication-nation/technology-trends-2020/ Korn Ferry and the Hay Group (2007) 91% of mergers fail due to culture shock [Online] http://www.haygroup.com/nl/press/details aspx?id=10307 Lally, P, van Jaarsveld, C, Potts, H and Wardle, J (2010) How are habits formed: Modelling habit formation in the real world, European Journal of Social Psychology, 40 (6), pp 998–1009 Landman, A (2010) BP’s ‘Beyond Petroleum’ campaign losing its sheen, PR Watch [Online] www.prwatch.org/news/2010/05/9038/bps-beyondpetroleum-campaign-losing-its-sheen Lebowitz, S (2015) Google considers this to be the most critical trait of successful teams [Online] http://www.businessinsider.com/amyedmondson-on-psychological-safety-2015-11 Lesonsky, R (n.d.) Work without walls: Best business practices to enable remote working [Online] https://www.visasavingsedge.com/common/ images/x-185217.pdf Lewis, B (n.d.) Helen Keller, Real History [Online] www.jamboree freedom-in-education.co.uk/real_history/helen_keller.htm Lowrey, A (2015) A 9/11 survivor returns to work at the World Trade Center, New York Mag, 02/07 [Online] http://nymag.com/daily/ intelligencer/2015/06/911-survivor-returns-to-work-at-the-wtc.html McClure, S, Li, J, Tomlin, D, Cypert, K, Montague, L and Montague, P (2004) Neural correlates of behavioural preference of culturally familiar drinks, Science, 306, 503 References McGonigal, K (2013) The Willpower Instinct:How self-control works, why it matters, and what you can to get more of it, Avery McKinlay, J B (1974) A case of refocusing upstream: The political economy of illness, Proceedings of American Heart Association Conferences on Applying Behavioral Sciences to Cardiovascular Risk, Seattle: American Health Association, 1974 Marcus, G and Kock, C (2014) The future of brain implants, Wall Street Journal [Online] http://www.wsj.com/articles/SB100014240527023049 14904579435592981780528 Marquis, C and Tilcsik, A (2013) Imprinting: Toward a multilevel theory, Academy of Management Annals, 7, pp 193–243 [Online] http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=2198954 Mayer, J and Salovey, P (1997) What Is Emotional Intelligence? Emotional development and emotional intelligence, Basic Books, New York [Online] http://unh.edu/emotional_intelligence/EIAssets/ EmotionalIntelligenceProper/EI1997MSWhatIsEI.pdf Meister, J and Willyerd, K (2010) Mentoring millennials, Harvard Business Review [Online] https://hbr.org/2010/05/mentoring-millennials/ar/1 Merchant, N (2013) Kill your meeting room: The future’s in walking and talking,WIRED Magazine [Online] http://www.wired.com/2013/03/ how-technology-can-make-us-stand-up/ Merchant, N (2016) Got a meeting, take a walk [Online] https://www.ted com/talks/nilofer_merchant_got_a_meeting_take_a_walk?language=en Miller, H (2007) Set them free: How alternative work styles can be a good fit [Online] www.hermanmiller.com/research/research-summaries/ set-them-free-how-alternative-work-styles-can-be-a-good-fit html#source20 Mohdin, A (2016) After years of intensive analysis google discovers the key to good teamwork is being nice [Online] http://qz.com/625870/ after-years-of-intensive-analysis-google-discovers-the-key-to-goodteamwork-is-being-nice/ Moltz, B (2013) Is social media at work the new smoke break? [Online] www.americanexpress.com/us/small-business/openforum/articles/ can-a-tweet-add-to-employee-productivity/ Moore, M (2008) Anita Roddick’s will reveals she donated entire £51m fortune to charity, Telegraph, 16 April [Online] www.telegraph.co.uk/ news/uknews/1895768/Anita-Roddicks-will-reveals-she-donated-entire51m-fortune-to-charity.html 217 218 References Moss, J (2015) Happiness isn’t the absence of negative feelings, Harvard Business Review [Online] https://hbr.org/2015/08/happiness-isnt-theabsence-of-negative-feelings Myers, S (1940) Shell Shock in France, 1914–1918: Based on a war diary, Cambridge University Press Nayab, N (2011) Work–life balance research studies: What they show? [Online] www.brighthub.com/office/career-planning/articles/109271.aspx Oettingen, G (2014) Stop being so positive, Harvard Business Review [Online] https://hbr.org/2014/10/stop-being-so-positive/ Oommen, VG, Knowles, M and Zhao, I (2008) Should health service managers embrace open plan work environments? A review, Asia Pacific Journal of Health Management, (2), p37–43 Papa, M, Daniels, T and Spiker, B (1997) Organizational Communication: Perspectives and trends, SAGE Publications Pappas, S (2011) Hard working and prudent? You’ll live longer [Online] www.livescience.com/13258-hard-workers-live-longer.html Parker, K and Patten, E (2013) The sandwich generation: Rising financial burdens for middle-aged Americans, Pew Research Center [Online] www.pewsocialtrends.org/2013/01/30/the-sandwich-generation/ Paul, M (2014) How Your memory rewrites the past: Your memory is no video camera; it edits the past with present experiences, Northwestern [Online] www.northwestern.edu/newscenter/stories/2014/02/how-yourmemory-rewrites-the-past.html Pershel, A (2010) Work–life flow: How individuals, Zappos, and other innovative companies achieve high engagement, Global Business and Organizational Excellence, 29 (5), pp 17–30 Pies, R (2009) Should DSM-V designate ‘internet addiction’ a mental disorder? Psychiatry, (2), pp 31–37 Roemer, L, Orsillo, SM and Salters-Pedneault, K (2008) Efficacy of an acceptance-based behaviour therapy for generalized anxiety disorder: Evaluation in a randomized controlled trial, Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 76, pp 1083–89 Royal National Institute of Blind People (2008) The life of Helen Keller, Royal National Institute of Blind People, London Schoemaker, P (2012) How to create a positive learning culture [Online] www.inc.com/paul-schoemaker/how-to-create-a-positive-learningculture.html Schupak, A (2015) Does technology make people happier? CBS News [Online] http://www.cbsnews.com/news/does-technology-make-peoplehappier/ References Senge, P (1999) The Fifth Discipline: The art and practice of the learning organization, Random House Seppala, E (2016) The Happiness Track, HarperOne, New York Sherman, L (2016) The rise, stumble and future of lululemon [Online] www.businessoffashion.com/articles/intelligence/the-rise-stumble-andfuture-of-lululemon Siegel, D and McWilliams, A (2001) Corporate social responsibility: A theory of the firm perspective, Academy of Management, 26 (1), pp 117–27 Singer, M (2015) Welcome to the 2015 recruiter nation, formerly known as the social recruiting survey [Online] www.jobvite.com/blog/welcome-tothe-2015-recruiter-nation-formerly-known-as-the-social-recruiting-survey/ Sisodia, R, Wolfe, D and Sheth, J (2013) Firms of Endearment: How world-class companies profit from passion and purpose, 2nd edition, Harvard Business Review Publishing Smith, EE (2013) Social connection makes a better brain, The Atlantic, 29 (10) [Online] www.theatlantic.com/health/archive/2013/10/ social-connection-makes-a-better-brain/280934/ Society for Human Resource Management (2009) Research quarterly [Online] www.shrm.org/research/articles/articles/documents/ 09-0027_rq_march_2009_final_no%20ad.pdf Society for Neuroscience (2012) Hormones: Communication between the brain and the body, Society for Neuroscience [Online] www.brainfacts org/brain-basics/cell-communication/articles/2012/hormonescommunication-between-the-brain-and-the-body/ Steelcase (2014) The quiet ones [Online] https://www.steelcase.com/ insights/articles/quiet-ones/ Stone, N (1989) Mother’s work, Harvard Business Review [Online] https://hbr.org/1989/09/mothers-work Surban, G (2016) How to manage quiet, introverted employees, Bplans [Online] http://articles.bplans.com/how-to-manage-quietintroverted-employees/ Tapper, K, Shaw, C, Ilsley, J, Hill, AJ, Bond, FW and Moore, L (2009) Exploratory randomised controlled trial of a mindfulness-based weight loss intervention for women, Appetite, 52, pp 396–404 Tchi, R (2016) About Rodika Tchi, our feng shui expert [Online] http://fengshui.about.com/bio/Rodika-Tchi-22688.htm Teasdale, JD, Segal, ZV; Williams, JM, Ridgeway, VA, Soulsby, JM and Lau, MA (2000) Prevention of relapse/recurrence in major depression by mindfulness-based cognitive therapy, Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 68, pp 615–23 219 220 References The Hartford (2015) Welcome to my tomorrow [Online] www thehartford.com/gbd_landingpages/mytomorrow/pages/default.html Topham, G (2015) Virgin Atlantic soars back into profit, Guardian, 10 March [Online] www.theguardian.com/business/2015/mar/10/ virgin-atlantic-soars-back-into-profit Trabun, M (2002) The relationship between emotional intelligence and leader performance, Masters Thesis, Naval Postgraduate School Turkle, S (2015) Reclaiming Conversation: The power of talk in a digital age, Penguin United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs (2015) World Population Prospects [Online] http://esa.un.org/unpd/wpp/publications/ files/key_findings_wpp_2015.pdf University of Kent (2013) Boredom and happiness at work poll [Online] https://www.kent.ac.uk/careers/Choosing/career-satisfaction.htm Unum (2014) The future workplace: Key trends that will affect employee wellbeing and how to prepare for them today [Online] http://resources.unum.co.uk/downloads/future-workplace.pdf Van der Meulen, R (2015) Gartner says 6.4 billion connected ‘things’ will be in use in 2016: Up 30 percent from 2015 [Online] www.gartner.com/ newsroom/id/3165317 Van Rijmenam, M (2016) How will the future of big data impact the way we work and live? [Online] https://datafloq.com/read/future-big-dataimpact-work-live/167 Verma, P (2016) Young leaders: At top b-schools, more graduates opt for startups, Economic Times [Online] http://tech.economictimes indiatimes.com/news/startups/young-leaders-at-top-b-schools-moregraduates-opt-for-startups/51249102 Wallach, W and Allen, C (2010) Moral Machines: Teaching robots right from wrong, Oxford University Press Wong, M (2014) Standford study finds walking improves creativity, Stanford News [Online] https://news.stanford.edu/2014/04/24/ walking-vs-sitting-042414/ World Happiness Report (2015) World Happiness Report [Online] http://worldhappiness.report Wydick, B (2015) The impact of TOMS Shoes [Online] www.acrosstwoworlds.net/?p=292 221 I n de x 3M 98 9/11 attacks, survivor story 46–47 ABN Amro 22 accomplishment, importance of 128 Achor, Shawn 83–84, 86, 187 Acumen 172 Adler, Iris 113 adrenaline 12, 22 advertising industry 51 ageing happily 192 Amabile, Teresa 23–24 Amazon 190 Ancient Egypt, phoenix mythology 37, 38 Android operating system 193 Apple 192 Arkin, Ronald 188 attitude of gratitude see gratitude attitudes 16–17 authentic happiness, why it matters 157–61 B-Corps 172 baby boomer generation 130, 144–46 Barrett, Richard 101 Baym, Nancy 113, 114 betterness concept 186–87 bin Rashid Al Maktoum, Sheikh Mohammed 36 BlackBerry 193 BMW 98 body and mind interconnection 11–12 boredom delivering meaning at work 25–26, 32–33 effects on the brain 23–25 BP 169 brain amygdala 23 effects of boredom 23–25 fight-or-flight response 20–22 hippocampus 20, 23, 194 how neurons fire and wire 20–22 implants 195–97 lazy heuristics 58–59 negative response to change 161–62 negativity bias 20–22 neuroplasticity 12–13, 77 novelty centre 23 prefrontal cortex 77 reward centre 23 use of mental shortcuts 58–59, 60 ventral tegmental area (VTA) 22–23 Branson, Richard 44, 137 bring your own device (BYOD) 114, 123, 197 Buckingham, Jan 95 Buettner, Dan 133–34, 192 Buote, Vanessa 53, 66–68, 87–90 Burak, Jacob 21 Cacioppo, John 14, 21 Cain, Susan 123 Cao, Jie 119 Carafello, Greg 46–47 caregivers, challenges faced by 130–32 Carlisle, Steve 153–56 challenging experiences, coping with 46–50 change authentic happiness strategy 157–61 brain management vs change management 162 challenges for leaders 153–57 challenges of 149–51 cultivating internal resilience 162–63 effective diagonal communication 154–55 embracing cultural differences 153–56 222 Index change continued failure rate of change initiatives 149–50 how happiness can help navigate change 162–63 mitigating the negative aspects 162–63 need to pay attention to 151–52 technological unemployment 153 why we react negatively 161–62 choosing to be happy 199–201 Cisco 22, 123 Clear, James 69–70 Clifton, Donald 28 cognitive dissonance 161 cognitive reframing 18–19, 20 Coker, Brent 114 community in the workplace 28–29, 31–32 computerisation, how this will change the workforce 190–91 computers, simulating the human brain 185–87 Congleton, Christina 194 conscious capitalism 93–109, 186–87 embarking on the journey 106–08 firms of endearment 96–99 origins and definition 93–94 philosophy behind 96–99 transition to new patterns 101–06 where to start 108–09 Conscious Capitalism Inc. 96–99 consumers, concerns about conscious capitalism 96 coopetition concept 193 Coreworx 158–61 case study 84–85 corporate social responsibility (CSR) 93–94 cortisol 12, 194 Costco 98 Cox, David 193 creativity 20 depression 193, 194 Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) 80, 112 Disney 98 dopamine 194 double bottom line 81, 100 downstream interventions 77–78, 79 driverless cars 190 Duckworth, Angela Lee 37–38 Dweck, Carol 37–38, 52 Edison, Thomas 45 Edmondson, Amy 173 Ekram, David Thomas 46 electroencephalograms (EEGs) 14 Emmons, Robert A. 26 emotional connections, importance of 75–76 emotional control 17–18 emotional intelligence 17–18, 51–52, 177, 178 business outcomes 86, 87 competitive advantage 83–85 Coreworx (case study) 84–85 definition 76 development in robots 187–90 early adopter organizations 79–80, 81 financial outcomes 86, 87 outcomes 86, 87 return on investment 81–83 social emotional learning (SEL) 76–77 upstream and downstream interventions 77–78, 79, 80–81 work of Goleman 76–77 emotional leadership 79–80, 81 emotions, sources of 9–10 empathy 15, 16 employee development programmes 119–22 employee engagement building a flexible culture 138–42 differences between generations 144–46 engaging the whole person 127–46 recognising the whole person 130– 32 work/life flow 134–38 employee well-being investment in emotional intelligence 80–85 responses of leaders 35–36 endocrine system 11 endorphins 23 enhancement, brain implants 195–97 enoughism 187 Index ethical shopping, The Body Shop 95 ethics, teaching to robots 187–90 Etsy 172 extrinsic (external) motivation 24 Facebook 114, 151, 192 feng shui 155–56 fight-or-flight response 20–22 financial crisis 154 Fisher, Cynthia 23 Ford, Henry 156 Fox, Kieran 193–94 Frey, Carl Benedikt 190 Friedman, Howard S. 128 friendships, benefits in the workplace 28–29 Fuchs, Victor 140, 141 functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) 14 future of happiness 185–97 General Electric (GE) 82–83 General Motors (GM) 153–56 Generation X 144–45 generational interactions at work 144–46 Giang, Vivian 189–90 Gilbert, Jay 144–45 global brands, dimensions of 168–69 global brand preferences study 168–69 global citizenship 167 global community 179–81 global leadership, Laurent Potdevin 174–81 Goldhill, Olivia 188 Goleman, Daniel 76–77 Google 15–16, 172–74, 190 Grameen Bank 94 gratitude, power in the workplace 10–11, 18–19 gratitude practice Attitude of Gratitude activity 30–31 effects on employees 66–68 positive impact in the workplace 26–28 Griswold, Alison 122 grit, and happiness 37–38 Growth Mindset theory 37–38, 52 Gutierrez, Felipe 170–71 H3 priority model 158–59 habits and neuroplasticity 12–13 battling the bad habits 14–19 building habits 57–73 building habits for life 68–73 effects of isolation 66 going for quick wins 61–64 making meetings more productive 62–64 PERSIST model for building habits 70–73 physical activity 62–65 stacking habits 62 stress and bad habits 65–66 three 'Rs' of habit change 68–70 time required to form 60–61 Hakimi, Sherry 171–72 Hamori, Monika 119 Hanson, Rick 20 happiness adoption rather than pursuit of 53 as a choice 199–201 complexity of the concept 152 history of 35–55 misunderstandings of 51–53 PERMA model of Seligman 53–55 positive impact of gratitude practice 26–28 range of meanings what the future may hold 185–97 happiness disruptors 111–25 budget allocations for training 119–20 deficiencies in professional development 117–19 hot desking 122–24 lack of a culture of learning 120–22 lack of control of work environment 122–24 negative impacts of technology 112–13 shifting of office space 122–24 happiness saturation, influence of the advertising industry 51 happiness shift, influence of improved living conditions 50–51 happiness strategy 157–61 HARPO 82 Henn-na Hotel, Japan 189–90 223 224 Index HERO traits (hope, efficacy, resilience, optimism) 124, 158, 159, 177–78 high-impact learning organizations (HILOs) 120 Hines, Andy 191 hiring strategy, HERO traits 177–78 Hochschild, Arlie 141 Holt, Douglas 168 Hölzel, Britta 194 hormones 11–12, 194 hot desking 122–24 Hsieh, Tony 135–36 humanizing the super-computer 185–87 humanoid robots 189–90 IKEA 98 immune system 12 internet, increasing levels of connectivity 186 internet addiction concept 112 internet of things (IoT) 186, 187 intrinsic (internal) motivation 24–25 introverts, effects of working environment 123–24 isolation, negative effects of 66 James, William 12, 45–46 Johnson and Johnson 77 Jordan, Michael 45 Kacur, Laura 85, 159–61 Kahneman, Daniel 59 Katz, Beth 170–71 Kelleher, Herb 52 Keller, Helen 40–43 Kelly, Gary 82 Keynes, John Maynard 153, 190 Koch, Christof 196 Koyuncu, Burak 119 Kramer, Steven 23–24 Lally, Philippa 60 Lawson, Renee 104 Lazar, Sara 194 leadership and grit 37–38 building a flexible culture 138–42 building community in the workplace 28–29, 31–32 building habits for life 68–73 challenges in an ever-changing environment 153–57 complexity of the concept of happiness 152 decision making delivering meaning at work 25–26, 32–33 early adopters of emotional intelligence practice 79–80, 81 emotional control 17–18 focus on employee well-being 35–36 going for quick wins 61–64 importance of emotional connections 75–76 investment in emotional intelligence 80–85 PERSIST model for building habits 70–73 upstream and downstream interventions 78, 79, 80–81 with mindfulness 195 learning culture in organizations 120–22 Leon, AJ 102–04 life-changing experiences 199–201 LinkedIn 114, 151 loneliness, effects on health 29 longevity, and sense of purpose 133–34 L’Oreal 95 Lowe's home improvement chain 190 lululemon 174, 176–81, 195 Mackey, John 82, 104–05 Mandela, Nelson 43–44 Marcus, Gary 196 Marriott International Inc. 139 McClelland, David 87 McClure, Samuel 16 McGonigal, Kelly 11 McKinlay, John 78 meditation 192–95 meetings creating new habits 62–64 making more productive 62–64 walking meetings 62–64 memory 19–20 role in happiness 45–49 Merchant, Nilofer 63–64 Index mergers and acquisitions 150 Merkel, Angela 36 Microsoft 139–40 Millennials approach to work 138–39, 142–44 as employees 117, 172 interaction with baby boomers 144–46 motivations 24–25 priorities in life 142–44 Miller, Herman 22 mind and body interconnection 11–12 mindfulness, rise of 187, 192–95 Misfit Inc (case study) 102–04 Mohdin, Aamna 173–74 Molz, Barry 114 Moss, Jim, process of recovery from serious illness 4–7, 48–49, 131–32 motivation and sense of progress 24–25 and sense of purpose 25–26, 32–33 brain areas associated with 22–25 delivering meaning at work 25–26, 32–33 effects of boredom 23–25 effects of open offices 21–22 extrinsic (external) 24 friendships in the workplace 28–29 intrinsic (internal) 24–25 positive impact of gratitude practice 26–28 Mycoskie, Blake 169–71 negativity bias in the brain 20–22 nervous system 11 neural implants 195–97 neural pathways and behaviour 11–12 neuroplasticity 12–13 , 77 neurotransmitters 11 New Balance 98 open plan offices effects on introverts 123–24 stress caused by 21–22 Oppezzo, Marily 64 Osborne, Michael 190 parents, consequences of working 141–42 Parkinson's disease 196 PERMA model of happiness 53–55, 192 Perschel, Anne 133 PERSIST model for building habits 70–73 phoenix mythology 37, 38 physical activity, and psychological fitness 64–65 Plasticity Labs 8, 66, 84, 85, 87, 89–90, 99–100, 171, 187 mission statement 167 origins of 106–08 use of technology 116–17 positive psychology 9, 52–54, 86, 187 post-traumatic growth (PTG) 38 post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) 80, 81, 194, 196 Potdevin, Laurent 174–81 professional development, deficiencies in 117–19 psychological fitness 49, 57 and physical activity 64–65 psychological safety model for teamwork 173–74, 179 purpose importance for well-being 133–35 role in mobilizing engagement 171–72 vs perks 172–74 vs pursuit of profit 171–72 Q12 survey 28 quality circles (QC) 154–55 Quelch, John A. 168 Ramón y Cajal, Santiago 13 Reardon, Joanna 178–79 Recreational Equipment, Inc (REI) 98, 137–38 reframing 18–19, 20 resilience, cultivating internal resilience 162–63 robots as cause of unemployment 189–90 development of emotional intelligence 187–90 Roddick, Dame Anita 95 Ronald McDonald Houses 107 Rowling, J K. 44 225 226 Index Samsung Electronics 193 Schoemaker, Paul 121 Schultz, Howard 38, 82 self-control 17–18 Seligman, Martin 53–55, 192 Senge, Peter 150, 157 Seppala, Emma 162–63 Seventh Generation 172 shell shock condition 80 Simonson, Ray 159–61 Sisodia, Raj 96–100, 101–02, 104, 105, 106, 199–200 Skiles, Mark 104–05 Smile Epidemic 106–08 social businesses 94 social emotional learning (SEL) 76–77 social media 15–16 advent of 151 negative aspects 113 potential to scale happiness 116–17 use at work 114–15 social neuroscience 10, 14–19 social relationships, health benefits 28–29 Society for Organizational Learning 150 Socrates 39–40 Socratic Method 40 Sony 193 Southwest Airlines 82, 97, 98 Sparktures 171 sports psychology, psychological fitness 49 Starbucks 38, 81–82, 97 Starwood hotel chain 190 state of mind, cultivating resilience 162–63 Steelcase 22 stereotyping 14–16 Stone, Nan 140–41 stress and bad habits 65–66 effects of meditation 193–95 in open plan offices 21–22 negative impacts of technology 112–13 Sullivan, Anne 40, 42–43 Surban, Glori 124 synchronicity 175 talent attraction and retention 99–100, 119–22 Taylor, Earl L. 168 team building, lululemon 176–81 teamwork, psychological safety model 173–74, 179 technological unemployment 153, 189–91 technology benefits in the workplace 113–17 negative impacts in the workplace 112–13 neural implants 195–97 TED Talks Angela Lee Duckworth 37–38 Nilofer Merchant 63–64 testosterone 12 The Beatles 44 The Body Shop (case study) 95 Tolstoy, Leo 199 TOMS Shoes (case study) 169–71 Trabun, Major Michael A. 79 Turkle, Sherry 113 Tversky, Amos 59 Twitter 114, 151, 192 unemployment caused by robots 189–90 technological unemployment 153, 189–91 unhappiness see happiness disruptors upstream interventions 77–78, 80–81 US Military 190, 196–97 US Navy, emotional intelligence and high performance 79–80, 81 Van Gogh, Vincent 44 Virgin Group 44, 138 case study 137 walking meetings 62–64 Wallach, Wendall 188 Weissberg, Roger 77 Welch, Jack 82 well-being 50 and sense of purpose 133–35 and work 128–29 effects of meditation 193–95 Weller, Craig 104–05 White, Jessie 103 Whole Foods 82, 97, 104–06 Index whole person engaging at work 127–46 recognition in the workplace 130–32 Wilson, Anne 87 Winfrey, Oprah 82 women, challenges to economic well-being 140–42 Woods, Steve 174 work and well-being 128–29 engaging the whole person 127–46 separation from home life 127, 128–29 the future of 190–91 work/life balance 128–29, 132–33 work/life flow 134–38 working mothers 140–42 workplace authenticity of employees 87–90 stress of open plan offices 21–22 World Happiness Report (2015) 35–36 Wydick, Bruce 170–71 YouGov 138 Yunus, Muhammad 94 Zappos (case study) 135–36 227 228 THIS PAGE IS INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK ... higher-performing, innovative and compassionate teams should read this book All of us know that great people make great companies As a leader, I am always looking for better ways to engage our team, attract high-performing... UC Davis and author of Thanks! ‘I love the combination of strategy and action, thinking and doing as well as the compassion, gratitude and adventure in this book Jennifer Moss is all that and. .. Thank you for exploring and clarifying how we can engage in a happiness strategy that is accepting, inclusive and real.’ Luis Gallardo, Founder of the World Happiness Summit and author of Brands