(BQ) Part 1 the book Challenging cases in musculoskeletal imaging presents the following contents: Selecting the correct imaging modality, image interpretation, sclerotic changes, osteolytic lesions and lesions with mixed features, diseases of spinal entheses and joints, sclerotic changes,...
Challenging Cases in Musculoskeletal Imaging Juergen Freyschmidt, MD Professor Reference Center for Osteoradiology Zentralklinikum Bremen Mitte University Teaching Hospital of the University of Göttingen Bremen, Germany 1438 illustrations Thieme Stuttgart • New York • Delhi • Rio de Janeiro Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Freyschmidt, J (Jürgen), author [Schwierige Diagnosen in der Skelettradiologie English] Challenging cases in musculoskeletal imaging / Juergen Freyschmidt ; translator, Terry C Telger p ; cm This book is an authorized translation of the German edition published and copyrighted 2013 by Georg Thieme Verlag, Stuttgart Title of the German edition: Schwierige Diagnosen in der Skelettradiologie Includes bibliographical references and index ISBN 978-3-13-176401-0 (hardback : alk paper) – ISBN 978-3-13-1764119 (eISBN) I Title [DNLM: Bone Diseases–diagnosis–Case Reports Diagnostic Imaging– Case Reports Fractures, Bone–diagnosis–Case Reports WE 225] RC925.7 616.7'07548–dc23 2014048126 This book is an authorized translation of the German edition published and copyrighted 2013 by Georg Thieme Verlag, Stuttgart Title of the German edition: Schwierige Diagnosen in der Skelettradiologie Translator: Terry C Telger, Fort Worth, TX, USA Illustrator: Roland Geyer Weilerswist, Germany Important note: Medicine is an ever-changing science undergoing continual development Research and clinical experience are continually expanding our knowledge, in particular our knowledge of proper treatment and drug therapy Insofar as this book mentions any dosage or application, readers may rest assured that the authors, editors, and publishers have made every effort to ensure that such references are in accordance with the state of knowledge at the time of production of the book Nevertheless, this does not involve, imply, or express any guarantee or responsibility on the part of the publishers in respect to any dosage instructions and forms of applications stated in the book Every user is requested to examine carefully the manufacturers’ leaflets accompanying each drug and to check, if necessary in consultation with a physician or specialist, whether the dosage schedules mentioned therein or the contraindications stated by the manufacturers differ from the statements made in the present book Such examination is particularly important with drugs that are either rarely used or have been newly released on the market Every dosage schedule or every form of application used is entirely at the user’s own risk and responsibility The authors and publishers request every user to report to the publishers any discrepancies or inaccuracies noticed If errors in this work are found after publication, errata will be posted at www thieme.com on the product description page Some of the product names, patents, and registered designs referred to in this book are in fact registered trademarks or proprietary names even though specific reference to this fact is not always made in the text Therefore, the appearance of a name without designation as proprietary is not to be construed as a representation by the publisher that it is in the public domain © 2015 Georg Thieme Verlag KG Thieme Publishers Stuttgart Rüdigerstrasse 14, 70469 Stuttgart, Germany +49 [0]711 8931 421, customerservice@thieme.de Thieme Publishers New York 333 Seventh Avenue, New York, NY 10001 USA +1 800 782 3488, customerservice@thieme.com Thieme Publishers Delhi A-12, Second Floor, Sector-2, Noida-201301 Uttar Pradesh, India +91 120 45 566 00, customerservice@thieme.in Thieme Publishers Rio, Thieme Publicaỗừes Ltda Argentina Building 16th floor, Ala A, 228 Praia Botafogo Rio de Janeiro 22250-040 Brazil +55 21 3736-3631 Cover design: Thieme Publishing Group Typesetting by DiTech Process Solutions Pvt Ltd., India Printed in China by Everbest Printing Ltd ISBN 9783131764010 Also available as an e-book: eISBN 9783131764119 54321 This book, including all parts thereof, is legally protected by copyright Any use, exploitation, or commercialization outside the narrow limits set by copyright legislation without the publisher’s consent is illegal and liable to prosecution This applies in particular to photostat reproduction, copying, mimeographing or duplication of any kind, translating, preparation of microfilms, and electronic data processing and storage For my wife Dr Gisela Freyschmidt, dermatologist Contents Preface viii Acknowledgment ix Abbreviations x From Symptom to Diagnosis 1.1 Selecting the Correct Imaging Modality 1.2 Image Interpretation 10 Skull 2.1 Sclerotic Changes 13 2.2 Osteolytic Lesions and Lesions with Mixed Features 29 Spine 3.1 Mono- and Bisegmental Changes 48 3.2 Oligo- and Multisegmental Changes 69 3.3 Diseases of Spinal Entheses and Joints 99 3.4 Sacrum 111 Pelvis 4.1 Sclerotic Changes 117 4.2 Osteolytic Changes and Changes Associated with Decreased Bone Density 129 4.3 Unusual Fractures 145 4.4 Bone Lesions with a Predominantly Extraosseous Component 155 4.5 Soft-Tissue Mineralization 157 4.6 Hip Region 160 Shoulder Girdle and Thoracic Cage 5.1 Clavicle 185 5.2 Scapula 195 5.3 Ribs 205 5.4 Sternum 220 5.5 Anterior Chest Wall as a Whole 223 Upper Limb 6.1 Upper Arm 229 6.2 Forearm 262 6.3 Hands (Bone and Joint Diseases) 271 Lower Limb 7.1 Equivocal MRI Findings 299 7.2 Predominantly Osteolytic Changes 305 7.3 Predominantly Osteosclerotic Changes 331 7.4 Changes with Mixed Features 342 7.5 Extraosseous Lesions 355 13 48 117 185 229 299 Bibliography Index 361 363 vii Preface Long years of experience in the daily practice of radiology and observations in the training of radiologists have shown that factual knowledge alone is not always enough to make a clinically useful diagnosis Often more can be gained by taking a systematic approach to image analysis and piecing together available facts Based on my observations in daily conferences and refresher courses, I have repeatedly found that even less experienced readers with relatively little factual knowledge could solve difficult or challenging cases simply by taking a systematic approach to image analysis and then interpreting their findings in the light of clinical data By contrast, “old hands” at radiology can diagnose most cases viii at a glance owing to their extensive experience, but this “shooting from the hip” will often miss the mark when it comes to more challenging diagnoses Thus, having made several blunders in the past, I have made it a practice to recheck a seemingly obvious diagnosis for its logical plausibility and correctness In writing this book, I hope to show how even challenging cases can be diagnosed by following a systematic approach to image interpretation, and how many cases that initially presented as difficult can be turned into ones that only “seemed” difficult Juergen Freyschmidt, MD ... Process Solutions Pvt Ltd., India Printed in China by Everbest Printing Ltd ISBN 978 313 1764 010 Also available as an e-book: eISBN 978 313 176 411 9 543 21 This book, including all parts thereof, is legally... Case 17 , Case 19 , Case 20, Case 22, Case 29, Case 30, Case 36, Case 39, Case 60, Case 63, Case 64, Case 74, Case 10 1, Case 10 4, Case 10 7, Case 11 3, Case 12 7, Case 12 9, Case 13 1, Case 13 6, Case 14 5,... 94, ▶ Fig 6. 21 in Case 10 7, Case 11 8, Case 11 9, ▶ Fig 7 .12 in Case 13 5, Case 13 9, Case 14 2, and Case 14 5) ● If MRI was performed first and could not answer questions relating specifically to bone