(BQ) Part 1 book “Neurosurgery rounds - Questions and answers” has contents: Basic neurosciences, neuroanatomy, neurophysiology, neuropathology, neuropharmacology, spine and peripheral nerve, anesthetics, analgesics, and antiinflammatories, antimicrobials,… and other contents.
Neurosurgery Rounds Questions and Answers Neurosurgery Rounds Questions and Answers Mark R Shaya, MD, FACS Chief Executive Officer Neurosurgical Institute of Florida University of Miami Hospital Miami, Florida Remi Nader, MD, CM, FRCSC, FACS, FAANS Chief, Neurosurgery Section Director, Neuroscience Clinical Effectiveness Program Memorial Hospital at Gulfport Affiliate Assistant Professor of Neurosurgery University of Mississippi Medical Center Attending Neurosurgeon Gulf Coast Brain and Spine Institute Gulfport, Mississippi Jonathan S Citow, MD Lake County Neurosurgery Chief of Neurosurgery, Condell Medical Center Libertyville, Illinois Associate Clinical Professor Rosalind Franklin University North Chicago, Illinois Hamad I Farhat, MD Section Head Neurovascular and Neuroendovascular Surgery NorthShore Medical Group, Neurosurgery Evanston Hospital Evanston, Illinois Assistant Clinical Professor University of Chicago Chicago, Illinois Abdulrahman J Sabbagh, MD, FRCSC Deputy Chairman, Department of Neurosurgery Director, Neurosurgery Residency Program Neurosciences Center King Fahd Medical City—Ministry of Health Riyadh, Saudi Arabia Thieme New York • Stuttgart Thieme Medical Publishers, Inc 333 Seventh Ave New York, NY 10001 Executive Editor: Kay D Conerly Managing Editor: Lauren Henry Editorial Director: Michael Wachinger Production Editor: Marcy Ross International Production Director: Andreas Schabert Vice President, International Marketing and Sales: Cornelia Schulze Chief Financial Officer: James W Mitos President: Brian D Scanlan Compositor: MPS Limited, a Macmillan Company Printer: Sheridan Press Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data: Available from the publisher upon request Copyright © 2011 by Thieme Medical Publishers, Inc This book, including all parts thereof, is legally protected by copyright Any use, exploitation, or commercialization outside the narrow limits set by copyright legislation without the publisher’s consent is illegal and liable to prosecution This applies in particular to photostat reproduction, copying, mimeographing or duplication of any kind, translating, preparation of microfilms, and electronic data processing and storage Important note: Medical knowledge is ever-changing As new research and clinical experience broaden our knowledge, changes in treatment and drug therapy may be required The authors and editors of the material herein have consulted sources believed to be reliable in their efforts to provide information that is complete and in accord with the standards accepted at the time of publication However, in view of the possibility of human error by the authors, editors, or publisher of the work herein or changes in medical knowledge, neither the authors, editors, nor publisher, nor any other party who has been involved in the preparation of this work, warrants that the information contained herein is in every respect accurate or complete, and they are not responsible for any errors or omissions or for the results obtained from use of such information Readers are encouraged to confirm the information contained herein with other sources For example, readers are advised to check the product information sheet included in the package of each drug they plan to administer to be certain that the information contained in this publication is accurate and that changes have not been made in the recommended dose or in the contraindications for administration This recommendation is of particular importance in connection with new or infrequently used drugs Some of the product names, patents, and registered designs referred to in this book are in fact registered trademarks or proprietary names even though specific reference to this fact is not always made in the text Therefore, the appearance of a name without designation as proprietary is not to be construed as a representation by the publisher that it is in the public domain Printed in the United States of America 54321 ISBN 978-1-58890-499-7 Contents nc e sci r Neu o asic I B e s Preface vii Contributors ix Neuroanatomy Cranial Spine and Peripheral Nerve Cases Neurophysiology 63 General 64 Cases 90 Neuropathology Congenital Trauma Epilepsy Neoplastic Degenerative Neuropharmacology Neurotransmitters Epilepsy Anesthetics, Analgesics, and Antiinflammatories Antimicrobials Intensive Care: Vasogenic and Hematologic Toxicology e 42 55 97 98 102 104 110 123 127 128 133 135 142 145 149 s e nc sci Neu o r linical C II Cranial Neurosurgery 153 General 154 Trauma and Emergencies 175 Neoplasms 187 Endocrine 207 Radiation Therapy 213 Infections 215 Vascular 218 Congenital and Pediatric 240 Pain and Functional 252 Cases 255 vi Contents Spine 281 Spinal Anatomy and Surgical Technique 282 Trauma 305 Degenerative 324 Neoplastic, Infectious, Vascular 332 Congenital and Pediatric 342 Cases 346 Peripheral Nerves 357 General 358 Upper Extremity 370 Lower Extremity 379 Cases 385 Neurology General Emergencies and Epilepsy Infectious and Inflammatory Congenital and Pediatric Functional and Pain Cases Neuroradiology 423 Cranial 424 Spinal 433 391 392 394 397 404 411 413 Index 443 Preface v The front cover of this text shows neurosurgical pioneer Dr Harvey Cushing on rounds almost a century ago with residents, students, and nurses examining a patient after a craniotomy It is truly extraordinary to see this patient without all the bedside machines, monitors, and tubes we are used to seeing today Although the science and technologic armamentarium have progressed over the years, the true didactics of neurosurgery remain essentially as they were at the time this picture was taken The amount of information required to complete neurosurgery residency training can be very intimidating and broad The diagnosis and management of neurosurgical diseases is an ever-advancing field that remains challenging for both the trainees and mentors The purpose of this book is to provide diversified coverage of the multiple disciplines that are involved and intertwined in the understanding, care, and treatment of neurosurgical patients Although its primary use will be for review purposes by the trainee, resident, or medical student prior to being “pimped” by their mentor about topics in neurosurgery, the book also provides a handy reference guide that the reader can fall back upon in reviewing specific topics as they relate to simple and complex neurosurgery and neuroscience issues The book is divided into two sections including basic and clinical neurosciences The sections are further composed of four to five subsections including neuroanatomy, neurophysiology, neuropathology, neuropharmacology, cranial neurosurgery, spine, peripheral nerves, neurology, and neuroradiology By providing this organization we have attempted to cover all categories involved in the practice and understanding of neurosurgical diseases, both from a basic science and clinical standpoint With 23 authors, contributors, and collaborators from four countries, including not only neurosurgeons but also specialists in neuropathology, neuroradiology, orthopedic surgery, anesthesiology, and neurology, we have attempted to cover as broadly as possible—yet in a concise manner—specific topics that will come up in the day-to-day evaluation and treatment of neurosurgical patients This book was edited as a combined effort from the experts in the now new field of neurosurgical review to bring to the reader the optimal didactic experience We ii viii Preface have attempted to present material in a way to best facilitate the retention and understanding of complex concepts and rare diseases by breaking them down to their bare essentials We hope that you enjoy reading this book as much as we did putting it together Mark Shaya, MD Remi Nader, MD Contributors Nazek Ahmad, MD (Cranial Neurosurgery–Pediatric) Neurosurgery Resident Department of Neurosurgery Neurosciences Center King Fahd Medical City Riyadh, Saudi Arabia Mohammd Alfawareh, MD (Spine) Subspecialty Consultant Spine Surgeon, Pediatric Spine Surgeon, Musculoskeletal Oncology Surgeon Spine Surgery Department Neurosciences Center Part-time Orthopedic Surgery Section, Department of Surgery King Fahd Medical City Riyadh, Saudi Arabia - Aisha Nassr Al-Hajjaj, MD (Neuroradiology) Subspecialty Consultant Neurosurgeon, Neuro endovascular Interventionist Department of Neurosurgery Neurosciences Center King Fahd Medical City Riyadh, Saudi Arabia Tamer Altay, MD (Neuroradiology) Assistant Professor Department of Neurosurgery University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences Little Rock, Arkansas Gmaan Alzahrani, MD (Cranial Neurosurgery–Pediatric) Neurosurgery Resident Department of Neurosurgery Neurosciences Center King Fahd Medical City Riyadh, Saudi Arabia Walid I Attia, MD, MSc, PhD (Spine) Subspecialty Consultant Neurosurgery Department, Spine Surgery Department Director, Spine Fellowship Program Neurosciences Center King Fahd Medical City Riyadh, Saudi Arabia ix ... 55 97 98 10 2 10 4 11 0 12 3 12 7 12 8 13 3 13 5 14 2 14 5 14 9 s e nc sci Neu o r linical C II Cranial Neurosurgery. .. sedative-analgesic agent Proc (Bayl Univ Med Cent) 20 01; 14 (1) :13 – 21 10 Rozet I Anesthesia for functional neurosurgery: the role of dexmedetomidine Curr Opin Anaesthesiol 2008; 21( 5): 537–543 11 Ziai... after subarachnoid hemor rhage (CONSCIOUS -1 ) : randomized, double-blind, placebo- controlled phase dose-finding trial Stroke 2008;39 (11 ): 3 015 –30 21 18 Aiyagari V, Testai FD Correction of coagulopathy