Sectional Anatomy for Imaging Professionals -3E 2

(BQ) Part 2 book Sectional anatomy for imaging professionals presents the following contents: Abdomen, pelvis, upper extremity, lower extremity, wrist and hand, knee and lower leg, lymph nodes, muscles of the abdominal wall,...

CHAPTER Abdomen A man’s liver is his carburetor Anonymous The abdominal cavity houses many critical structures that have a large array of functions It is for this reason that cross-sectional imaging of the abdomen is so essential in visualizing these various organs and body systems (Figure 7.1) FIGURE 7.1  ​Coronal CT reformat of abdomen with large heterogeneous left renal mass OBJECTIVES • • • • • List the structures of the abdominal cavity and differentiate among those that are contained within the peritoneum and those that are contained within the retroperitoneum Describe the peritoneal and retroperitoneal spaces Describe the lobes, segments, and vasculature of the liver Define the structures of the biliary system State the functions and location of the pancreas and spleen • • • • • Identify the structures of the urinary system List and identify the structures of the stomach and intestines Identify the branches of the abdominal aorta and the structures they supply Identify the tributaries of the inferior vena cava and the structures they drain List the muscles of the abdomen and describe their functions OUTLINE Abdominal Cavity, 398 Peritoneum, 398 Peritoneal Spaces, 406 Retroperitoneum, 410 Retroperitoneal Spaces, 410 Liver, 412 Surface Anatomy, 413 Segmental Anatomy, 416 Portal Hepatic System, 422 Vasculature, 426 Gallbladder and Biliary System, 431 Pancreas, 437 Spleen, 441 Adrenal Glands, 442 Urinary System, 446 Stomach, 453 Copyright © 2013, Elsevier Inc Intestines, 458 Abdominal Aorta and Branches, 468 Paired Branches, 470 Unpaired Branches, 474 Inferior Vena Cava and Tributaries, 485 Lymph Nodes, 488 Muscles of the Abdominal Wall, 490 397 CHAPTER 7  Abdomen 398 ABDOMINAL CAVITY Peritoneum The abdominal cavity is the region located between the diaphragm and sacral promontory (Figure 7.2) The abdominal and pelvic cavities are commonly divided into four quadrants or nine distinct regions (see Chapter 1) Contents of the abdominal cavity include the liver, gallbladder and biliary system, pancreas, spleen, adrenal glands, kidneys, ureters, stomach, intestines, and vascular structures The walls of the abdominal cavity are lined by a thin serous membrane called the peritoneum This membrane is divided into two layers: the parietal peritoneum, which lines the abdominal walls, and the visceral peritoneum, which covers the organs (Figures 7.3) The two layers of peritoneum are separated by a film of serous fluid for lubrication to allow organs to move against each other without friction The peritoneum forms a cavity that encloses the following organs of the abdomen: liver (except for the bare area), gallbladder, spleen, stomach, ovaries, and majority of intestines (Figures 7.4 and 7.5) In males, the peritoneal cavity is a closed cavity, but in females it communicates with the exterior through the uterine tubes, uterus, and vagina (Figure 7.6, A and B) The peritoneal cavity includes the greater sac and lesser sac (omental bursae) The greater sac is located between the inner surface of the anterior abdominal wall and the outer surface of the abdominal viscera It is bounded by the parietal and visceral peritoneum, and communicates with the lesser sac through the epiploic foramen (of Winslow) (Figure 7.3) The lesser sac is located primarily between the posterior surface of the stomach and the posterior abdominal wall (Figures 7.3 and 7.7 through 7.9) Numerous folds of peritoneum extend between organs, serving to hold them in position and at the same time enclose the vessels and nerves proceeding to each part These folds or double layers of peritoneum are termed mesentery, omenta, and peritoneal ligaments The mesentery is a double layer of peritoneum, which encloses the intestine and attaches it to the abdominal wall An omentum is a mesentery or double layer of peritoneum that is attached to the stomach The normal omentum is usually imperceptible on routine scans, visible Diaphragm Abdominal cavity Sacral promontory FIGURE 7.2  ​Sagittal view of the abdominal cavity Parietal peritoneum Liver Hepatic artery Bile duct Portal vein Epiploic foramen Inferior vena cava Visceral peritoneum Falciform ligament Lesser omentum Greater sac Stomach Aorta Lesser sac Gastrosplenic ligament Spleen Lienorenal ligament Left kidney Retroperitoneum FIGURE 7.3  ​Axial view of abdomen with greater and lesser sac, falciform, gastrosplenic, and lienorenal ligaments  CHAPTER 7  Abdomen Aorta Retroperitoneum posterior to dotted line A R L Spleen Liver Peritoneum Inferior vena cava P Pancreas Left Stomach kidney FIGURE 7.4  ​Axial, T1-weighted MRI of peritoneal and retroperitoneal structures (separated by dotted line) Portal vein Stomach A Pancreas R L Spleen Liver Peritoneum Inferior vena cava P Aorta Left Retroperitoneum kidney posterior to dotted line FIGURE 7.5  ​Axial CT of peritoneal and retroperitoneal structures (separated by dotted line) 399 400 CHAPTER 7  Abdomen FIGURE 7.6  ​Anterior view of peritoneum A, Male peritoneum B, Female peritoneum Diaphragm Liver Area of epiploic foramen Stomach Bare area of liver Coronary ligaments Aorta Lesser sac Pancreas Greater sac Transverse colon Greater omentum Parietal peritoneum Duodenum Mesentery Uterus Small intestine Peritoneal cavity Rectum Urinary bladder FIGURE 7.7  ​Sagittal view of peritoneum and peritoneal cavity  CHAPTER 7  Abdomen Anterior left subphrenic space Liver S 401 Lesser sac Aorta Pancreas Superior mesenteric artery Stomach A P Greater sac I FIGURE 7.8  ​Sagittal CT reformat of abdomen with lesser sac and peritoneal spaces Duodenum Liver Lesser sac Anterior subphrenic space Pancreas Superior mesenteric artery Gallbladder Right subhepatic space FIGURE 7.9  ​Axial CT of abdomen and peritoneal spaces 402 CHAPTER 7  Abdomen only when fluid is present (Figures 7.8, 7.9, 7.12, and 7.13) The greater omentum is a fat-laden fold of peritoneum that drapes down from the greater curvature of the stomach and connects the stomach with the spleen, and transverse colon, whereas the lesser omentum attaches the duodenum and lesser curvature of the stomach to the liver (Figures 7.10 through 7.13) Numerous peritoneal ligaments serve to connect an organ with another organ or abdominal wall These peritoneal ligaments are not ligaments in the classic sense but are distinct regions of mesentery connecting the structures for which they are named Three regions of the greater omentum that are characterized as peritoneal ligaments include gastrocolic, gastrosplenic, and gastrophrenic These ligaments attach the greater omentum to the transverse colon, hilum of the spleen, greater curvature and fundus of the stomach, diaphragm, and esophagus (Figures 7.3, and 7.10 through 7.12) Ligaments of the lesser omentum include the hepatogastric and hepatoduodenal, which serve to connect the stomach and duodenum to the liver (Figure 7.10) Ligaments associated specifically with the liver are the round ligament (ligamentum teres), falciform ligament, and coronary ligaments The round ligament is a remnant of the left umbilical vein and runs within the free inferior margin of the falciform ligament to the umbilicus The falciform ligament extends from the liver to the anterior abdominal wall and diaphragm, and forms a plane that divides the liver anatomically into right and left lobes The falciform ligament provides the structural support that attaches the upper surfaces of the liver to the diaphragm and upper abdominal wall (Figures 7.14 and 7.15) The coronary ligaments surround the superior pole of the liver and attach the liver to the diaphragm, forming the margins of the bare area (Figures 7.7 and 7.16) Additional peritoneal ligaments are described in Table 7.1 Inflammation of the peritoneal cavity is termed peritonitis Acute peritonitis is most commonly caused by the leakage of infection through a perforation in the bowel Hepatoduodenal ligament Hepatogastric ligament Lesser omentum Stomach Epiploic foramen Gallbladder Duodenum Greater omentum Cecum Appendix Right ovary Sigmoid colon Right uterine tube Rectum Uterus FIGURE 7.10  ​Anterior view of mesentery and peritoneal ligaments  CHAPTER 7  Abdomen Greater omentum A Stomach Liver Gastrosplenic ligament R L Spleen IVC Aorta P Splenic vein Hilum of spleen FIGURE 7.11  ​Axial, T1-weighted MRI of abdomen with greater omentum and gastrosplenic ligament Pancreas A R Gastrosplenic Greater ligament omentum Spleen L P FIGURE 7.12  ​Axial CT of abdomen with blood accumulation demonstrating the greater omentum and gastrosplenic ligament 403 404 CHAPTER 7  Abdomen Anterior left subphrenic space Liver S Triangular ligaments Lesser sac Spleen Stomach Pancreas Mesocolon Greater omentum A P F I FIGURE 7.13  ​Sagittal CT reformat of abdomen with greater omentum and peritoneal spaces Falciform ligament A Left lobe of liver Fissure for ligamentum venosum Stomach R L Spleen Right lobe of liver IVC P Caudate lobe of liver FIGURE 7.14  ​Axial, T1-weighted MRI of abdomen with falciform ligament  CHAPTER 7  Abdomen Falciform ligament 405 Left lobe of liver A Fissure for ligamentum venosum Stomach R L Spleen Right lobe of liver P Caudate lobe of liver FIGURE 7.15  ​Axial CT of abdomen with falciform ligament Coronary ligaments Superior recess of lesser sac S Aorta Stomach Vena cava Right subhepatic space Phrenicocolic ligament R L Paracolic gutter Mesentery of small bowel I Psoas muscles FIGURE 7.16  ​Coronal CT reformat of liver and coronary ligaments 406 TA B L E CHAPTER 7  Abdomen Peritoneal Ligaments Ligaments Location Gastrocolic ligament Gastrosplenic ligament (gastrolienal ligament) Apron portion of the greater omentum attached to the transverse colon The left portion of the greater omentum that connects the hilum of the spleen to the greater curvature and fundus of the stomach Connects the spleen and kidney Superior portion of greater omentum attached to the diaphragm and posterior aspect of the fundus and esophagus Connects the liver and kidney Connects the liver and esophagus Connects the liver to the lesser curvature of the stomach Connects the superior region of the duodenum to the liver Extends from the liver to the anterior abdominal wall and diaphragm Remnant of the left umbilical vein, lying in the free edge of the falciform ligament Reflections of the peritoneum that surround the bare area of the liver Where the layers of the coronary ligament meet to the left and right, respectively Attaches the left flexure of the colon to the diaphragm Splenorenal (lienorenal) ligament Gastrophrenic ligament Hepatorenal ligament Hepatoesophageal ligament Hepatogastric ligament Hepatoduodenal ligament Falciform ligament Round ligament (ligamentum teres) Coronary ligaments Triangular (left and right) Phrenocolic ligament Peritoneal Spaces The peritoneal cavity contains potential spaces resulting from folds of peritoneum that extend from the viscera to the abdominal wall These spaces can be divided into the supracolic and infracolic compartments (Figure 7.17) The supracolic compartment is located above the transverse colon and contains the right and left subphrenic spaces and right and left subhepatic spaces The subphrenic spaces are located between the diaphragm and the anterior portion of the liver They are divided into right and left compartments by the falciform ligament (Figures 7.18 and 7.19) The subhepatic spaces are located posterior and inferior between the liver and the abdominal viscera The right subhepatic space, located between the liver and kidney, contains Morison’s pouch, which is the deepest point of the abdominal cavity in a supine patient and a common site for collection of fluid (Figures 7.20 and 7.21) Below the transverse colon is the infracolic compartment, which consists of the right and left infracolic spaces and the paracolic gutters The right and left infracolic spaces are divided by the mesentery of the small intestine The right and left paracolic gutters are trough-like spaces located lateral to the ascending and descending colon (Figures 7.17 and 7.22, and Table 7.2) The deeper right gutter is a common site for free fluid collection Diaphragm Supracolic compartment Right subphrenic space Right subhepatic space Right infracolic space Infracolic compartment Right paracolic gutter Left subphrenic space Liver Falciform ligament Stomach Left subhepatic space Transverse colon Left infracolic space Small intestine Descending colon Left paracolic gutter Ascending colon FIGURE 7.17  ​Anterior view of peritoneal spaces CHAPTER 10  Lower Extremity 754 divides into anterior and posterior divisions to supply the medial compartment of the thigh The sciatic nerve is the largest peripheral nerve in the body Its branches supply the posterior compartment of the thigh and all compartments of the distal leg and foot The sciatic nerve runs deep to the gluteus maximus muscle and descends in the midline of the thigh, where it usually divides into two terminal branches: the tibial and common peroneal (common fibular) nerves (Figures 10.40 through 10.45, 10.102 through 10.108, 10.170, 10.177, 10.178, and 10.181) Nerves The nerves of the lower extremity are derived from the lumbar and sacral plexuses (see Chapter 4) The femoral nerve enters the thigh beneath the inguinal ligament and divides into several superficial and deep branches to supply the anterior compartment of the thigh The femoral nerve terminates as the saphenous nerve to innervate the skin on the medial side of the leg and foot The obturator nerve courses through the obturator canal and immediately Lumbar plexus T-12, L - 1, 2, 3, Lateral cutaneous nerve of thigh, L - 2, 3 Obturator nerve L - 2, 3, Sacral plexus L - 4, 5, S - 1, 2, Sacral plexus Pudendal nerve S - 2, 3, Sciatic nerve L - 4, S - 1, 2, Femoral nerve L - 2, 3, Tibial nerve (medial popliteal) Common peroneal (lateral popliteal) nerve Sural nerve Common peroneal nerve Posterior tibial nerve Superficial peroneal nerve Saphenous nerve Deep peroneal nerve Saphenous nerve Sural nerve Musculocutaneous part of superficial peroneal nerve Deep peroneal nerve FIGURE 10.181  ​Anterior and posterior views of right leg and foot with nerves Sural nerve Illustration Credits Chapter Figure 1.4 from Applegate E: The sectional anatomy learning system, ed 3, St Louis, 2010, Saunders Figures 1.8, 1.9 from Frank: Merrill’s atlas of positioning and radiographic procedures, ed 12, St Louis, 2012, Mosby Figure 1.7 from Jacob S: Atlas of human anatomy, Philadelphia, 2002, Churchill Livingstone Figure 1.10 from Seeram E: Computed tomography: Physical principles, clinical applications, and quality control, ed 3, St Louis, 2009, Saunders Figure 1.11 from Mitchell DG: MRI principles, ed 2, Philadelphia, 2004, Saunders Figure 1.14 from Stark DD, Bradley WG: Magnetic resonance imaging, ed 3, St Louis, 1999, Mosby Chapter Figures 2.2, 2.3, 2.18, 2.20, 2.27, 2.67, 2.68, 2.81 from Frank: Merrill’s atlas of positioning and radiographic procedures, ed 12, St Louis, 2012, Mosby Figure 2.24 from Mosby’s dictionary of medical and health professions, ed 8, St Louis, 2009, Mosby Figures 2.47, 2.70, 2.76, 2.88, 2.80, 2.90, 2.107, 2.108, 2.110 from Som PM, Curtin HD: Head and neck imaging, ed 5, St Louis, 2012, Mosby Chapter Figure 3.9 from Frank: Merrill’s atlas of positioning and radiographic procedures, ed 12, St Louis, 2012, Mosby Figures 3.17, 3.35 from Applegate E: The sectional anatomy learning system, ed 3, St Louis, 2010, Saunders Figures 3.45, 3.84, 3.104 from Standring S: Gray’s anatomy, ed 40, Philadelphia, 2009, Churchill Livingstone Figures 3.60, 3.73, 3.112, 3.113, 3.118, 3.119, 3.134 from Fitzgerald MJT: Clinical neuroanatomy and related neuroscience, ed 6, Philadelphia, 2012, Saunders Figure 3.94 from Noback CR, Demarest RJ: The nervous system: Introduction and review, New York, 1972, McGraw-Hill Figure 3.103 from Langley LL, et al: Dynamic anatomy and physiology, ed 4, New York, 1974, McGraw Hill Copyright Mosby-Year Book, Inc Figure 3.115 from Weir J: Imaging atlas of human anatomy, ed 4, Philadelphia, 2011, Mosby Figure 3.130 from Jacob S: Atlas of human anatomy, Philadelphia, 2002, Churchill Livingstone Chapter Figure 4.7 from Frank: Merrill’s atlas of positioning and radiographic procedures, ed 12, St Louis, 2012, Mosby Figures 4.19, 4.54, 4.55, 4.59, 4.65B from Larsen WL: Anatomy development, function, clinical correlations, Philadelphia, 2002, Saunders Figures 4.48, 4.65A, 4.88 from Standring S: Gray’s anatomy, ed 40, Philadelphia, 2009, Churchill Livingstone Figure 4.69 from Mosby’s dictionary of medical and health professions, ed 8, St Louis, 2009, Mosby Figure 4.70 from Jacob S: Atlas of human anatomy, Philadelphia, 2002, Churchill Livingstone Figure 4.76 from Weir J: Imaging atlas of human anatomy, ed 4, Philadelphia, 2011, Mosby Figures 4.101, 4.102, 4.106 from Palastanga N, Field D, Soames R, et al: Anatomy and human movement, ed 4, Boston, 2002, Butterworth-Heinemann Figure 4.116 from Stark DD, Bradley WG: Magnetic resonance imaging, ed 3, St Louis, 1999, Mosby Figure 4.125 Netter illustration used with permission from Icon Learning Systems, a division of MediMedia USA, Inc All rights reserved Chapter Figure 5.2 from Applegate E: The sectional anatomy learning system, ed 3, St Louis, 2010, Saunders Figures 5.49, 5.51, 5.52, 5.53, 5.54, 5.55 from Som PM, Curtin HD: Head and neck imaging, ed 5, St Louis, 2012, Mosby Figure 5.19 from Mosby’s dictionary of medical and health professions, ed 8, St Louis, 2009, Mosby Figures 5.70, 5.75, 5.77, 5.78 from Standring S: Gray’s anatomy, ed 40, Philadelphia, 2009, Churchill Livingstone Figure 5.81 from Curry RA, Tempkin BB: Sonography: Introduction to normal structure and function, ed 3, St Louis, 2011, Saunders Chapter Figure 6.3 courtesy of Anne Marie Sawyer, Radiologic Sciences Laboratory, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, Calif Figure 6.7 from Frank: Merrill’s atlas of positioning and radiographic procedures, ed 12, St Louis, 2012, Mosby Figures 6.15, 6.25, 6.87, 6.90 from Standring S: Gray’s anatomy, ed 40, Philadelphia, 2009, Churchill Livingstone Figures 6.41, 6.48, 6.126, 6.131 from Manning WJ, Pennell DJ: Cardiovascular magnetic resonance, Philadelphia, 2011, Churchill Livingstone Figures 6.21, 6.148 from Palastanga N, Field D, Soames R, et al: Anatomy and human movement, ed 4, Boston, 2002, Butterworth-Heinemann Figures 6.27, 6.32 from Haaga JR, Lanzieri CF, Gilkeson RC, et al: CT and MR imaging of the whole body, ed 5, Philadelphia, 2009, Mosby Figures 6.34, 6.157 from Seidel HM, Ball JW, Dains JE, et al: Mosby’s guide to physical examination, ed 7, St Louis, 2011, Mosby Figures 6.37, 6-44 from Applegate E: The sectional anatomy learning system, ed 3, St Louis, 2010, Saunders Figures 6.39, 6.58, 6.64, 6.65, 6.70, 6.77, 6.83, 6.85, 6.88, 6.91, 6.93, 6.114 from Weir: Imaging atlas of human anatomy, ed 4, Philadelphia, 2011, Mosby Figure 6.75 from Wilson SF, Thompson JM: Respiratory disorders, St Louis, 1990, Mosby Figure 6.140 from Jacob: Atlas of human anatomy, Philadelphia, 2002, Churchill Livingstone Figures 6.145, 6.146 from Larsen WL: Anatomy development, function, clinical correlations, Philadelphia, 2002, Saunders Figure 6.158 from Mosby’s dictionary of medical and health professions, ed 8, St Louis, 2009, Mosby Chapter Figures 7.3, 7.23, 7.27, 7.28, 7.63, 7.70, 7.80, 7.87, 7.151, 7.158, 7.166, 7.169, 7.172, 7.181, 7.185, 7.186 from Hagen-Ansert SL: Textbook of diagnostic sonography, ed 7, St Louis, 2012, Mosby Figure 7.6 from Larsen WL: Anatomy development, function, clinical correlations, Philadelphia, 2002, Saunders Figures 7.8, 7.9, 7.13, 7.16, 7.40, 7.43, 7.46, 7.49 from Haaga JR, Lanzieri CF, Gilkeson RC, et al: CT and MR imaging of the whole body, ed 5, Philadelphia, 2009, Mosby Figures 7.12, 7.142, 7.167, 7.173 from Standring S: Gray’s anatomy, ed 40, Philadelphia, 2009, Churchill Livingstone Figures 7.29, 7.112, 7.122 from Frank: Merrill’s atlas of positioning and radiographic procedures, ed 12, St Louis, 2012, Mosby Figures 7.39, 7.42, 7.45, 7.48, 7.102 from Stark DD, Bradley WG: Magnetic resonance imaging, ed 3, St Louis, 1999, Mosby Figures 7.179, 7.180 from Webb WR, Brant WE, Major N: Fundamentals of body CT, ed 3, Philadelphia, 2006, Saunders Chapter Figures 8.9, 8.11 from Frank: Merrill’s atlas of positioning and radiographic procedures, ed 12, St Louis, 2012, Mosby Figure 8.18 from Larsen WL: Anatomy development, function, clinical correlations, Philadelphia, 2002, Saunders Figures 8.25, 8.26, 8.31, 8.65, 8.121 from Hagen-Ansert: Textbook of diagnostic sonography, ed 7, St Louis, 2012, Mosby Figures 8.43, 8.45, 8.58, 8.79, 8.83, 8.101 from Applegate E: The sectional anatomy learning system, ed 3, St Louis, 2010, Saunders Figures 8.96, 8.100 courtesy of GE Medical Systems, Milwaukee, Wisc Figures 8.54, 8.123 from Seidel HM, Ball JW, Dains JE, et al: Mosby’s guide to physical examination, ed 7, St Louis, 2011, Mosby Figure 8.85 from Haaga JR, Lanzieri CF, Gilkeson RC, et al: CT and MR imaging of the whole body, ed 5, Philadelphia, 2009, Mosby Figure 8.98 from Standring S: Gray’s anatomy, ed 40, Philadelphia, 2009, Churchill Livingstone Chapter Figures 9.20, 9.21, 9.22, 9.51, 9.52 from Weir J: Imaging atlas of human anatomy, ed 4, Philadelphia, 2011, Mosby Figure 9.36 from Seidel HM, Ball JW, Dains JE, et al: Mosby’s guide to physical examination, ed 7, St Louis, 2011, Mosby Figures 9.87, 9.127 from Miller MD, Cooper DE: Review of sports medicine and arthroscopy, ed 2, Philadelphia, 2002, Saunders Figure 9.111 from Frank: Merrill’s atlas of positioning and radiographic procedures, ed 12, St Louis, 2012, Mosby Figure 9.124 from Palastanga N, Field D, Soames R, et al: Anatomy and human movement, ed 4, Boston, 2002, Butterworth-Heinemann Figures 9.126, 9.142 from Kang HS, Ahn JM: MRI of the extremities, ed 2, Philadelphia, 2002, Saunders Chapter 10 Figure 10.2 from Frank: Merrill’s atlas of positioning and radiographic procedures, ed 12, St Louis, 2012, Mosby Figure 10.12 from Byrd JWT: Gross anatomy In Byrd JET (ed): Operative hip arthroscopy, New York, 1998, Thieme, pp 69-82 Figures 10.40, 10.41, 10.42, 10.119, 10.142, 10.168, 10.174 from Standring S: Gray’s anatomy, ed 40, Philadelphia, 2009, Churchill Livingstone Figure 10.102 from Haaga JR, Lanzieri CF, Gilkeson RC, et al: CT and MR imaging of the whole body, ed 5, Philadelphia, 2009, Mosby Copyright © 2013, Elsevier Inc 755 Index A Abdomen, 6-7, 8f, 8t, 393f Abdominal aorta, 244f, 346, 356f, 357f, 468-483, 468f, 469f, 480f, 485f, 550f, 556f, 557f parietal branches of, 470-473 unpaired visceral branches of, 474-483, 474f visceral branches of, 470-473 Abdominal cavity, 398-410, 398f See also Peritoneum Abdominal lymph nodes, 488, 488f, 489f Abdominal wall, 450f, 490-493, 490f, 491f, 492f, 493f Abdominopelvic cavity, 6, 7f, 7t Abducens nerve, 120f, 151f, 152f, 153f, 157t, 161f, 162f, 165, 165f Abductor digiti minimi muscle, 641, 642f, 643f, 734f, 736f, 737f, 738f, 739f, 742, 743f, 745t Abductor hallucis brevis muscle, 734f, 741f, 742, 745t Abductor pollicis brevis muscle, 632f, 640-641, 642f, 643f Abductor pollicis longus muscle, 611t, 612f, 614f, 620f, 621 Abductor pollicis longus tendon, 612 Acanthion, 5f Accessory hemiazygos vein, 386f Accessory nerve, 120f, 157t, 169f, 170, 170f Acetabular fossa, 655, 655f, 660f Acetabular labrum, 660, 662f Acetabular notch, 655, 655f Acetabulum, 1f, 240f, 495f, 496f, 499f, 500f, 501f, 502f, 509f, 511f, 546f, 562f, 655, 655f, 657f, 663f, 664f, 684f Achilles tendon, 687f, 709f, 711, 712f, 718f, 721f, 731f, 732f, 735f, 741 Acinus, 321f Acromial angle, 571f Acromioclavicular joint, 564, 564f, 565f, 566f, 574f, 589f Acromioclavicular ligament, 571-572, 571f, 572f, 573f Acromion, 564f, 565f, 566f, 567f, 570f, 572f, 573f, 574f, 575f, 579f, 587f, 589f, 599f Acute pancreatitis, 437b Adam’s apple, 260-263 Adductor brevis muscle, 538f, 541f, 549f, 673f, 674f, 676f, 678-681, 678f, 679f, 681t, 748f Adductor hallucis muscle, 733f, 734f, 739f, 743f, 744, 745t Adductor longus muscle, 507f, 538f, 541f, 549f, 672f, 673f, 674f, 676f, 677f, 678-681, 678f, 679f, 680f, 681t, 748f, 749f Adductor magnus muscle, 239f, 507f, 538f, 541f, 549f, 669f, 672f, 673f, 674f, 676f, 677f, 678-681, 678f, 679f, 680f, 681t Adductor magnus tendon, 701f Adductor minimus muscle, 507f, 643f Adductor pollicis muscle, 640-641, 642f, 643f, 644f 756 Adductor tubercle, 682 Adenohypophysis, 113 Aditus ad antrum mastoideum, 39-40, 41f Adrenal cortex, 442-443, 442f Adrenal glands, 442-443, 442f, 443f, 444f, 445f, 447f Alar ligaments, 193, 195f, 196f Alveolar process, 51f, 52-55, 53f, 55f, 56f, 59f, 77f Ambient cistern, 100f, 101f, 102, 118f, 145f, 162f Ampulla, 39f Ampulla of Vater, 431f, 432f, 433f, 440f Amygdala, 117, 117f, 118f Anal canal, 462f, 523, 523f Anal triangle, 515, 515f, 516f Anatomic neck, 565-567 Anatomic planes, Anatomic positions, Anconeus muscle, 600, 600f, 600t, 603f, 606f, 609f, 610f, 614f, 615f, 616f, 620f Ankle, 714-744 bony anatomy of, 714-720 fascia of, 728-740 joints of, 720-721 ligaments of, 728-740, 729-730f, 729f, 731f, 734f, 735f retinacula of, 728-740 tendons of, 734f, 735f, 741-742, 742f Annulus fibrosus, 177f, 178f, 191f Anserine bursa, 705f Anterior, 4t Anterior abdominal wall, 433f Anterior atlantooccipital membrane, 193-197, 194f Anterior basal segmental bronchus, 319f, 321f Anterior cardiac veins, 376 Anterior central vein, 246 Anterior cerebral artery, 131, 132f, 132t, 134f, 135f, 135t, 136f, 138f, 140-141f, 141f, 142f, 144f, 145f, 146f, 149f, 156f Anterior cerebral vein, 147f, 156f Anterior choroidal artery, 142f Anterior clinoid process, 19f, 23f, 25-27, 25f, 26f, 28f, 78f, 151f Anterior commissure, 105-108, 105f, 107f, 113f, 115f, 116f Anterior communicating artery, 136f, 137f, 141f, 142f, 145f, 146f Anterior cranial fossa, 16, 18f, 20t Anterior cruciate ligament, 683f, 685f, 689f, 690f, 693f, 695, 696f, 697f, 699f, 702f, 703f Anterior external plexus, 246 Anterior external venous plexus, 247f Anterior facial artery, 6f Anterior facial vein, 6f, 284f, 285f Anterior fat pad, 603f, 605f, 607f Anterior fontanel, 49f Anterior inferior cerebellar artery, 132f, 134f, 140-141f, 142f, 143f, 146t, 242f Anterior inferior iliac spine, 499f, 500f, 659f, 660f Anterior inferior pancreaticoduodenal artery, 437f, 478f Anterior internal venous plexus, 247f, 248f Anterior interosseous artery, 646, 647f, 649f Anterior interosseous vein, 649f Anterior interventricular artery, 349f, 350f Anterior interventricular groove, 349f Anterior jugular vein, 262f, 265f, 288f, 290f, 305, 305f Anterior left subphrenic space, 400f, 404f Anterior longitudinal ligament, 191f, 194f, 195f, 197-201, 197f, 198f, 199f, 200f, 253f, 261f Anterior median fissure, 124-126, 126f, 127f, 170f Anterior median vein, 246, 246f Anterior mediastinum, 322f, 322t Anterior meniscofemoral ligament, 690 Anterior nasal spine, 51f, 52-55, 53f, 77f Anterior pararenal space, 409t, 410, 410f, 411f Anterior radicular artery, 241, 242f, 244f Anterior radicular vein, 246, 246f Anterior scalene muscle, 233f, 234f, 235f, 236f, 269f, 282f, 283f, 290f, 296f, 297, 297f, 299t Anterior segmental bronchus, 319f, 321f Anterior spinal artery, 140-141f, 142f, 146f, 241, 242f, 243f, 244f Anterior superior iliac spine, 208f, 499f, 500f, 657f, 659f Anterior superior pancreaticoduodenal artery, 437f, 477f, 478f Anterior tibial artery, 6f, 708f, 747, 749f, 751f Anterior triangle muscles, 296, 296f, 297f, 299t Anterior ulnar recurrent artery, 646 Anterolateral fontanel, 49, 50f Antrum of Highmore, 71 Anular ligament, 607, 607f, 609f, 610f, 632f Anular pulleys, 636, 636f Anus, 465f, 512f, 519f, 525f, 541f, 548f, 549f Aorta, 6f, 244f, 245f, 310f, 322f, 349-358, 364f, 371f, 385f, 398f, 399f, 400f, 403f, 405f, 414f, 417f, 418f, 420f, 421f, 423f, 427f, 428f, 429f, 434f, 435f, 437f, 439f, 440f, 445f, 446f, 455f, 460f, 469f, 471f, 472f, 474f, 478f, 480f, 484f See also specific portion of aorta Aortic arch anatomy of, 6f, 276f, 300f, 301f, 302f, 303f, 304f, 322f, 323f, 324f, 326f, 337f, 344f, 349-358, 349f, 350f, 351f, 352f, 353f, 354f, 357f, 364f, 366f branches of, 363, 363f, 364f, 365f, 366f Aortic bulb, 353f Aortic hiatus, 389 Aortic root, 372f, 383f, 384f Aortic semilunar valve, 330f, 339f, 340f, 344f, 346, 346f, 347f, 348f, 360f, 368f, 370f, 384f, 385f Copyright © 2013, Elsevier Inc Aortic sinus, 349-358, 351f, 370f Aortic valve, 359f Aorto-caval nodes, 488f Aortopulmonary window, 328f Apical ligament, 193, 194f, 195f Apical segmental artery, 471f Apical segmental bronchus, 318, 318f Appendicular artery, 482f Appendix, 402f, 413f, 459f, 462-463, 462f, 464f Aqueduct of Sylvius, 93, 94f Aqueous humor, 79 Arachnoid granulation, 98f Arachnoid mater, 210-211, 213f, 222f, 224f Arachnoid membrane, 90 Arachnoid villi, 90f, 99 Arcuate arteries, 471f Arcuate line, 492f, 495f, 496f, 500f, 503f Arcuate popliteal ligament, 692f, 695, 696f, 698f Arcuate veins, 471f, 487 Arnold-Chiari malformation, 130b Arteriovenous malformations, 139b Artery of Adamkiewicz, 241, 241b, 242f, 243f Articular cartilage, 665f, 698f Articular disk, 62f, 63, 63f, 64f Articular eminence, 32-34, 32f, 62, 62f, 63f Articular joint capsule, 580-581, 580f Articular process, 175f, 176f, 193f Aryepiglottic fold, 252f, 257f, 258f, 259f, 262f, 263, 267f Arytenoid cartilage, 257f, 258f, 260-263, 260f, 262f, 265f, 267f, 294f Ascending aorta, 6f, 309f, 315f, 317f, 318f, 319f, 324f, 328f, 332f, 335f, 337f, 338f, 344f, 345f, 348f, 349-358, 352f, 353f, 354f, 355f, 358f, 359f, 360f, 362f, 363f, 364f, 368f, 369f, 370f, 371f, 372f, 373f, 381f, 382f, 383f, 385f Ascending cervical artery, 242f, 301f Ascending colon, 406f, 408f, 413f, 417f, 422f, 451f, 459f, 460f, 461f, 462-463, 464f, 465f, 482f Ascending lumbar vein, 386f, 485 Ascending pulmonary artery, 357f Asterion, 16f, 17f, 20f, 46, 46f Atlantoaxial joint, 180f, 182f Atlantooccipital joint, 29f, 180f, 181f, 182f, 194f, 195f Atlanto-occipital membrane, 193-197 Atlas, 31f, 52f, 179f, 195f, 196f, 197f Atrioventricular bundle, 337, 347f Atrioventricular groove, 336 Atrioventricular node, 336f, 337 Atrioventricular valves, 346 Auditory ossicles, 42f Auditory tube, 32f, 35f, 37f, 166f, 251, 251f, 252f Auricle, 33f, 37, 37f, 166f Avascular necrosis, 656b Axial plane, 2, 2f Axillary artery, 584f, 587f, 645-646f, 646, 647f, 649f  Axillary nerve, 232, 232f, 587f, 599f Axillary pouch, 579f Axillary recess, 577f, 580-581 Axillary vein, 584f, 587f, 649f, 650 Axis, 29f, 31f, 180f, 181f, 195f, 196f, 197f Azygos arch, 386f, 387f Azygos vein, 231f, 316f, 317f, 330f, 338f, 340f, 350f, 355f, 358f, 360f, 373f, 375f, 376f, 386, 386f, 387f, 388f B Bare area, 412, 412f, 441f Basal cisterns, 100, 100f Basal lamella, 69 Basal nuclei, 110, 110f, 111f, 112f Basal vein of Rosenthal, 147, 147f, 154f, 155f, 156f Basilar artery, 101f, 116f, 124f, 125f, 131-139, 132f, 133f, 134f, 135f, 136f, 140-141f, 141f, 142f, 143f, 144f, 145f, 146f, 162f, 242f, 303f, 304f Basilar skull fracture, 34b Basilic artery, 596f Basilic vein, 6f, 596f, 598f, 599f, 614f, 616f, 650 Basivertebral veins, 246, 246f, 247f, 248f, 249f Bell’s palsy, 166b Biceps brachii muscle, 572f, 574f, 575f, 588f, 594f, 596f, 597f, 599f, 600t, 603f, 609f, 610f, 617f Biceps femoris muscle, 239f, 668f, 674f, 676f, 677f, 679f, 680f, 681-682, 681t, 691f, 693f, 694f, 696f, 698f, 701f, 702f, 703f, 712f, 752f Biceps femoris tendon, 698f, 702f Biceps tendon, 569f, 576f, 577f, 578f, 579f, 586f, 588f, 617f Bicipital aponeurosis, 594 Bicipital groove, 564f, 565-567, 567f Bicuspid valve, 334f, 336f, 339f, 341f, 346f, 347f, 378f, 379f, 385f Bile duct, 398f Biliary system, 431-434, 431f, 432f, 433f, 434f Blood-brain barrier, 131 Blowout fracture, 79b Body of mandible, 59f, 287f of sternum, 309f vertebral, 174f, 175f, 180f, 185f, 190f, 197f, 198f, 199f, 213f, 214f, 220f, 227f, 234f, 244f, 269f, 311f, 382f Body cavities, 6, 7f, 7t Bony labyrinth, 37f, 40, 166f Bony orbit, 75, 76f Bony pelvis, 495-503, 495f, 496f, 497f, 498f, 499f, 500f coccyx, 1f, 187f, 191-193, 191f, 192f, 495-497, 496f, 498f, 499f, 511f, 522f, 542f os coxae, 495-497, 499f, 500f sacrum, 187f, 188-189f, 191-193, 191f, 192f, 204f, 223f, 225f, 238f, 239f, 242f, 495-497, 496f, 497f, 498f, 499f, 514f, 519f Bony thorax, 308, 308f, 309f, 310f, 311f thoracic apertures, 308 Brachial artery, 6f, 588f, 597f, 598f, 615f, 617f, 645-646f, 646, 647f Brachial plexus, 210f, 229f, 230f, 232, 232f, 233f, 234f, 235f, 236f, 272f, 574f, 583f, 587f, 651-653, 652f Index Brachial vein, 596f, 598f, 650 Brachialis muscle, 594f, 595, 597f, 598f, 599f, 600t, 603f, 606f, 607f, 608f, 609f, 610f, 617f, 618f Brachiocephalic artery, 140-141f, 300f, 301f, 302f, 303f, 304f, 323f, 325f, 356f Brachiocephalic trunk, 141f, 346f, 349f, 350f, 360f, 363, 363f, 364f, 365f, 366f, 368f Brachiocephalic vein, 300f, 305f, 305t, 323f, 349f, 366 Brachioradialis muscle, 597f, 598f, 603f, 606f, 609f, 610f, 611t, 612f, 616f, 617f, 618f, 620, 649f Brain axial magnetic resonance imaging of, 89f functions of, 89 meninges of, 90, 90f, 91f, 92f Brainstem, 31f, 97f, 101f, 103f, 113, 119f, 120-126, 120f, 124f, 125f, 126f, 128f, 219f Breast, 395, 395f, 396f Bregma, 16f, 49, 49f Broad ligament, 526f, 528f, 530f, 533 Broca’s area, 103f, 108, 108f Bronchi, 318, 318f, 319f, 323f Bronchioles, 318, 321f Bronchomediastinal trunk, 329f Bronchopulmonary segments, 318, 320f, 320t Buccinator muscle, 285f, 291f, 295f, 296f, 298f Bulbourethral gland, 519f, 535f, 539f, 547, 547f Bundle of His, 336f, 337 C C1, 31f, 52f, 179f, 181f, 184f, 195f, 196f, 197f, 261f, 272f, 281f, 301f C2, 29f, 31f, 180f, 181f, 184f, 194f, 195f, 196f, 197f, 235f, 254f, 272f C3, 184f C4, 184f, 282f C5, 184f C6, 184f C7, 184f, 282f Calcaneal tuberosity, 714-720, 715-716f, 716f, 718f, 719f, 723f Calcaneocuboid joint, 718f, 719f, 721, 723f Calcaneofibular ligament, 729-730f, 731f, 732f, 737f Calcaneus, 687f, 712f, 714-720, 714f, 715-716f, 718f, 719f, 720f, 722f, 723f, 724f, 727f, 728f, 732f, 733f, 736f Calcarine artery, 134f Calcitonin, 276 Callosomarginal artery, 131, 134f Calvaria, 148f Capitate bone, 621, 622f, 623f, 624f, 625f, 626f, 628f, 635f, 644f Capitellum, 601f, 603f Capitulum, 569f, 601f, 602f Cardiac antrum, 453f Cardiac conduction system, 337, 337f Cardiac imaging, off-axis, 377-379, 377f, 378f, 379f, 380f, 381f, 382f, 383f, 384f, 385f Cardiac impression, 316f, 361f Cardiac notch, 313, 361f, 453f Cardiac orifice, 453, 453f Cardiac valves, 346, 346f, 347f, 348f Cardiac veins, 376, 376f Cardiophrenic sulcus, 313, 313f Carditis, 331b Carina, 318, 318f, 319f, 324f, 326f, 353f, 390f Carotid body, 301f, 303b Carotid canal, 27f, 28t, 32-34, 33f, 34f, 35f, 45f, 133f, 134f Carotid sheath, 282f, 283f Carotid sinus, 301f, 303f Carotid siphon, 131, 132f, 137f Carotid space, 176f, 180f, 288f Carotid sulcus, 25f Carpal bones, 621, 622f, 623f, 624f, 625f, 626f, 628f, 635f, 644f Carpal tunnel, 630-631, 631f Carpal tunnel syndrome, 631b Carpometacarpal joint, 622f, 623f, 624f, 626f, 628 Cauda equina, 178f, 191f, 200f, 210f, 212f, 213f, 216f, 218f, 221f, 223f, 224f, 247f, 248f Caudal, 4t Caudate lobe, 404f, 405f, 412f, 413, 414f, 419f, 420f, 428f Caudate nucleus, 104f, 110, 110f, 111f, 112f, 133f, 154f, 160f Caval hiatus, 389, 430f, 485f Cavernous sinus, 91f, 133f, 147, 147f, 151f, 152f, 153f, 154f, 162f Cecal artery, 482f Cecum, 402f, 459f, 462f, 463f, 464f, 465f Celiac axis, 437f, 470f, 482f Celiac trunk, 6f, 245f, 427f, 428f, 442f, 445f, 468f, 469f, 472f, 474f, 475f, 476f, 477f, 478f, 479f, 480f, 482f, 485f, 550f, 558f Central canal, 121f, 213f, 219f, 224f Central sulcus, 102-103, 103f, 108f Central tendon, 389 Cephalic, 4t Cephalic vein, 6f, 596f, 598f, 614f, 616f, 650, 650f, 651 Cerebellar peduncles, 120f, 124f, 126f, 128-130, 128f, 130f Cerebellar tonsil, 114f, 128f, 129f Cerebellopontine angle cistern, 100-102, 101f, 102f, 130f Cerebellum, 31f, 91f, 92f, 97f, 98f, 99f, 103f, 122f, 124f, 126f, 127f, 128-130, 129f, 167f, 169f, 170f hemispheres of, 100f, 128 magnetic resonance imaging of, 128f, 129f Cerebral aqueduct, 93, 94f, 98f, 100f, 105f, 113f, 114f, 119f, 122f, 127f, 137f, 162f Cerebral cortex, 103-105, 104f, 107f, 121f Cerebral hemispheres, 102-103 Cerebral peduncles, 100f, 101f, 114f, 118f, 119f, 121-124, 122f, 123f, 127f, 128f, 162f, 167f Cerebral vascular system, 131-147 arterial supply, 131 anterior cerebral artery, 131, 132t circle of Willis, 139, 146f internal carotid artery See Internal carotid artery vertebral artery See Vertebral artery venous drainage of, 147 dural sinuses, 147, 147f, 148f, 149f, 150f, 151f superficial cortical and deep veins, 147, 156f Cerebrospinal fluid, 98f, 184f, 194f Cerebrum, 102-110 coronal view of, 104f gray matter, 103-108, 104f, 106f lobes of, 108, 108f, 109f white matter, 103-108, 104f, 106f 757 Cervical canal, 525-526, 526f Cervical ligament, 735f, 737f Cervical lymph nodes, 278, 278f, 279f, 279t Cervical lymphadenopathy, 250f, 328f Cervical nerves, 210f, 224f Cervical plexus, 229, 229f, 230f, 231f Cervical spine, 184f, 194f, 214f, 235f Cervical vertebrae, 179-180, 179f, 180f, 181f, 182f, 183f, 199f, 203f, 210f Cervix, 513f, 518f, 525-526, 525f, 529f, 534f Chickenpox, 211b Cholesteatomas, 46b Chordae tendinea, 336f, 346 Choroid plexus, 98f, 99, 99f, 113f, 116f, 150f Choroidal vein, 147f, 154f Cingulate gyrus, 104f, 105f, 113f, 117, 117f, 119f Circle of Willis, 139, 146f Circumflex artery, 359f, 368-369, 369f, 370f Cisterna chyli, 329, 329f, 488f Cisterna magna, 97f, 100-102, 100f Claustrum, 104f, 110, 111f, 112f, 133f Clavicle, 236f, 273f, 310f, 326f, 328f, 332f, 348f, 366f, 564-565, 564f, 573f, 579f Clavicular notch, 564f Clitoris, 518f Clivus, 19f, 25f, 29-32, 29f, 30f, 31f, 35f, 47f, 52f, 126f, 169f, 171f, 194f, 195f, 251f, 261f Coccygeal nerve, 210f Coccygeus muscle, 1f, 208f, 406t, 510, 510f, 511f, 553f Coccyx, 1f, 187f, 191-193, 191f, 192f, 495-497, 496f, 498f, 499f, 511f, 522f, 542f, 659f Cochlea, 33f, 37f, 38f, 40, 42f, 45f, 166f, 167f Cochlear aqueduct, 39f Cochlear nerve, 33f Colic impression, 412f Collateral ligaments, 63, 64f, 607, 607f, 608f, 609f, 617f, 630-631, 683f, 689f, 690f, 693f, 695, 697f, 702f, 703f, 741f temporomandibular joint, 63, 64f Collecting duct, 450f Colon, 462-463 ascending, 406f, 408f, 413f, 417f, 422f, 451f, 459f, 460f, 461f, 462-463, 464f, 465f, 482f descending, 406f, 410f, 413f, 422f, 448f, 459f, 462-463, 462f, 464f, 465f sigmoid, 402f, 462f, 463, 464f, 465f, 467f, 483f, 532f transverse, 400f, 413f, 433f, 434f, 459f, 460f, 462-463, 465f, 466f, 482f, 483f Common bile duct, 416f, 426-427, 426f, 431f, 432f, 433f, 434f, 436f, 438f, 439f, 440f Common carotid artery, 6f, 140141f, 141f, 233f, 234f, 258f, 259f, 262f, 265f, 266f, 269f, 276f, 277f, 278f, 288f, 289f, 290f, 300, 300f, 303f, 303t, 304f Common femoral artery, 6f Common femoral vein, 6f Common hepatic artery, 426, 426f, 427f, 428f, 435f, 469f, 474f, 475f, 476f, 477, 477f, 478f, 482f, 484f, 550f, 556f 758 Index Common hepatic duct, 431f, 432f, 433f, 436f Common iliac artery, 6f, 468, 485f, 556f Common iliac lymph nodes, 561-562 Common iliac vein, 6f, 753f Common interosseous artery, 645-646f, 646 Common palmar digital artery, 648f Common peroneal nerve, 701f, 708f, 752f, 754, 754f Condyloid process, 43f, 59f, 60f, 62f, 63f, 64f, 284f Confluence of sinuses, 91f, 146f, 148f, 150f, 156f Contralateral, 4t Conus arteriosus, 376f Conus medullaris, 191f, 210f, 211f, 212f, 213f, 215, 216f, 217f, 219f, 224f, 228f, 247f Convoluted tubules, 446, 450f Cooper’s ligaments, 395 Coracoacromial ligament, 571-572, 571f, 572f, 574f, 575f, 579f, 581f, 588f Coracobrachialis muscle, 572f, 573f, 576f, 578f, 579f, 587f, 594f, 595, 596f, 599f, 600t Coracoclavicular ligament, 567f, 571-572, 572f, 573f, 574f, 579f, 589f Coracohumeral ligament, 569f, 571-572, 572f, 573f, 574f, 575f, 576f, 579f, 581f, 585f, 588f, 589f Coracoid process, 564-565, 564f, 566f, 567f, 568f, 569f, 570f, 573f, 574f, 575f, 576f, 577f, 579f, 583f, 588f, 589f, 593f Corniculate cartilage, 252f, 260-263, 260f, 267f Coronal plane, 2, 2f Coronal suture, 16f, 17f, 19f, 46, 48f, 49f Coronary arteries, 332f, 344f, 349f, 350f, 359f, 368-369, 368f, 369f, 370f, 373f, 374f, 379f, 384f Coronary circulation, 368-376 cardiac veins, 376, 376f coronary arteries See Coronary arteries Coronary groove, 336, 337f, 349f, 376f Coronary ligaments, 400f, 402, 405f, 406f, 412f Coronary sinus, 340f, 342f, 350f, 374f, 375f, 376, 376f, 377f, 378f, 380f, 382f, 385f, 463f Coronoid fossa, 603 Coronoid process, 51f, 59f, 60f, 601f, 602f, 617f, 618f Corpus callosum, 97f, 98f, 103105, 105f, 106f, 107f, 111f, 112f, 113f, 115f, 117f, 119f, 154f, 156f Corpus cavernosum, 513f, 519f, 535f, 536f, 539f, 540f, 543f, 547, 547f, 548f, 549f Corpus spongiosum, 513f, 519f, 535f, 536f, 539f, 540f, 543f, 547, 547f, 548f, 549f Costal cartilage, 308f, 310f, 492f Costal facets, 185, 185f Costocervical trunk, 301f, 645-646f Costodiaphragmatic recess, 312, 312f Costomediastinal recess, 312, 312f Costophrenic sulcus, 313, 313f, 314f Costotransverse joints, 185, 185f, 308, 311f, 565f Costovertebral joints, 185, 185f, 187f, 188-189f, 308, 311f Cowper’s gland, 519f, 535f, 539f, 547, 547f Crania, 4t Cranial fossa, 16, 18f, 20t Cranial nerves, 120f, 157-171 abducens nerve, 120f, 151f, 152f, 153f, 157t, 161f, 162f, 165, 165f accessory nerve, 120f, 157t, 169f, 170, 170f facial nerve, 33f, 120f, 157t, 165-166, 166f, 167f glossopharyngeal nerve, 120f, 157t, 168, 168f, 169f hypoglossal nerve, 120f, 157t, 170f, 171 oculomotor nerve, 120f, 151f, 152f, 153f, 161, 161f, 162f, 163f olfactory nerve, 157f, 157t, 158, 158f, 159f optic nerve, 81, 83f, 84f, 85f, 91f, 114f, 119f, 151f, 152f, 157t, 159-160, 159f trigeminal nerve, 120f, 125f, 151f, 153f, 157t, 163-165, 163f, 164f, 165f, 219f trochlear nerve, 120f, 151f, 152f, 153f, 157t, 161f, 162f, 163, 163f vagus nerve, 120f, 157t, 168-170, 169f vestibulocochlear nerve, 120f, 157t, 166, 166f, 167f Craniosynostosis, 48b Cranium, 16-20, 19f, 23-24, 25-27, 29-34, 37-46, 46f, 49f, 50f Cremaster muscle, 536f Cribriform plate, 18f, 23-24, 24f, 87f, 158f Cricoid cartilage, 251f, 253f, 257f, 258f, 260-263, 260f, 261f, 262f, 265f, 266f, 268f, 273f, 276f, 289f, 294f Cricopharyngeus muscle, 289f Cricothyroid ligament, 260f Cricothyroid muscle, 289f, 291f, 297f Crista galli, 18f, 19f, 23-24, 24f, 74f, 87f, 91f Cruciform ligament, 193, 195f Cubital tunnel, 608f, 609f Cuboid bone, 714-720, 714f, 715-716f, 716f, 718f, 722f, 723f, 725f, 726f, 728f, 733f, 734f, 735f, 738f, 741f Cuneiform bones, 714-720, 714f, 715-716f, 716f, 722f, 725f, 726f, 728f, 733f, 735f, 739f Cuneiform cartilage, 252f, 260263, 267f Cuneonavicular joint, 739f Curved planar reformation, 9, 12f Cystic artery, 426f Cystic duct, 412f, 426f, 431-434, 431f, 432f, 433f D Danger space, 280f, 283f, 289f Dartos muscle, 536f Deep, 4t Deep cervical artery, 242f Deep cervical vein, 246f, 305f Deep circumflex iliac artery, 550 Deep femoral artery, 6f Deep inguinal ring, 528f Deep palmar arch, 646-650, 648f, 653f Deep transverse metacarpal ligament, 638f Deltoid ligament, 687f, 720f, 728, 729-730f, 731f, 732f Deltoid muscle, 298f, 566f, 569f, 570f, 571f, 572f, 574f, 575f, 577f, 582f, 583f, 584f, 585f, 586f, 587f, 588f, 590, 590t, 591f, 596f, 599f Deltoid tendon, 587f Deltoid tuberosity, 569f, 601f Dentate nucleus, 128f, 129f, 130 Denticulate ligaments, 210-211, 213f, 214f, 224f Dermatome map, 215, 225f Descending aorta, 227f, 309f, 315f, 317f, 318f, 321f, 324f, 330f, 332f, 338f, 339f, 340f, 341f, 342f, 344f, 345f, 349-358, 352f, 353f, 355f, 358f, 359f, 363f, 364f, 366f, 369f, 370f, 372f, 374f, 375f, 378f, 380f, 382f, 383f, 387f, 388f, 463f, 556f, 557f Descending colon, 413f, 422f, 448f, 459f, 462-463, 462f, 464f, 465f Diaphragm, 208f, 231f, 343f, 360f, 375f, 389, 389t, 392f, 398f, 400f, 406t, 412f, 426f, 429f, 433f, 435f, 490f, 510 Diaphragma sellae, 152f Diencephalon, 113 Digastric muscle, 256f, 258f, 285f, 286f, 287f, 288f, 293f, 295f, 297f, 299t Digital cube, 11f Diploë, 18f, 19f Directional terminology, 4t Distal, 4t Distal femur, 682, 683f Distal interphalangeal joint, 622f, 636f, 715-716f Distal radioulnar joint, 628, 629f, 635f Distal radius, 603-604 Distal ulna, 605 Dorsal, 4t Dorsal carpal arch, 646-650 Dorsal cavity, 6, 7f, 7t Dorsal digital vein, 638f Dorsal horn, 215, 224f Dorsal interosseous muscle, 632f, 643f, 644f, 718f Dorsal pancreatic artery, 437f, 478f Dorsal ramus, 223f, 229, 229f Dorsal root, 219f, 222f, 223f, 226f, 228f Dorsal root ganglion, 177f, 213f, 214f, 215, 220f, 221f, 238f, 244f Dorsal scapular artery, 645-646f Dorsal scapular nerve, 232f Dorsalis pedis artery, 749f Dorsalis pedis vein, 753f Dorsum sellae, 19f, 23f, 25-27, 25f, 26f, 31f, 57f, 91f, 153f Duct of Wirsung, 426-427, 437 Ductus deferens, 537f Duodenal bulb, 458, 459f Duodenojejunal flexure, 458, 459f Duodenojejunal junction, 460f Duodenum, 400f, 401f, 402f, 421f, 431f, 432f, 433f, 438f, 454f, 457f, 458, 459f, 460f, 461f, 467f, 480f Dura mater, 90, 90f, 92f, 98f, 210-211, 213f, 224f Dural nerve root sleeve, 222f, 223f Dural sinuses, 90f, 147, 147f, 148f, 149f, 150f, 151f E Ear external, 37-46, 37f, 166f inner, 37-46, 37f, 38f, 134f, 166f middle, 37-40, 37f, 134f, 166f Ejaculatory duct, 535f, 539, 539f, 546f Elbow, 601-621, 602f arterial supply of, 646 distal humerus of, 603 distal radius of, 603-604 fat pads of, 605, 607f, 618f Elbow (Continued) joint capsule of, 605, 606f ligaments of, 607, 607f, 608f, 609f, 610f proximal radius of, 603, 603f venous drainage of, 651 Endocardium, 336, 336f, 346f Endolymph, 40 Endolymphatic duct, 39f, 40 Endolymphatic sac, 39f, 40 Endometrium, 525-526, 526f, 530f Epicardium, 336, 336f, 346f Epididymis, 519f, 535f, 536f, 537, 537f, 538f Epidural fat, 191f, 199f, 200f, 218f, 228f Epidural hematoma, 90b Epidural space, 90, 178f, 210-211, 213f Epiglottis, 251f, 252f, 253f, 256f, 257f, 258f, 260-263, 260f, 261f, 262f, 263b, 264f, 267f, 276f, 287f, 294f Epiploic appendages, 459f, 462-463, 462f Epiploic appendagitis, 463b Epiploic foramen, 398f, 400f, 402f Epithalamus, 113 Epitympanum, 37f, 39-40, 41f, 44f Erector spinae muscle group, 204, 204f, 205f, 207f, 290f, 553f, 583f Esophageal hiatus, 263, 389, 430f Esophageal sphincter, 263 Esophagus, 234f, 251f, 252f, 253f, 261f, 266f, 268, 268f, 269f, 277f, 290f, 294f, 317f, 318f, 325, 325f, 328f, 330f, 340f, 345f, 351f, 365f, 373f, 375f, 383f, 388f, 413f, 429f, 430f Ethmoid air cells, 21f, 23-24, 24f, 30f, 58f, 69f, 171f Ethmoid bone, 16f, 17f, 18f, 19f, 23-24, 23f, 24f, 28t, 51f Ethmoid bulla, 23-24, 24f, 70f, 74f, 75f Ethmoid notch, 20 Ethmoid sinus, 26f, 57f, 68f, 69, 69f, 87f, 119f Eustachian tube, 32f, 35f, 58f, 251, 251f Extensor carpi radialis brevis muscle, 611t, 612f, 614f, 615f, 616f, 618f, 620, 620f Extensor carpi radialis brevis tendon, 615f, 634f Extensor carpi radialis longus muscle, 597f, 598f, 606f, 608f, 611t, 612f, 614f, 615f, 617f, 618f, 619f, 620, 620f, 649f Extensor carpi radialis longus tendon, 615f Extensor carpi ulnaris muscle, 611t, 612f, 614f, 621 Extensor carpi ulnaris tendon, 615f, 634f, 635f Extensor digiti minimi muscle, 611t, 612f, 614f, 620-621, 620f Extensor digiti minimi tendon, 615f, 616f, 632f Extensor digitorum brevis muscle, 732f, 733f, 739f, 745t Extensor digitorum longus muscle, 705f, 706-707, 708f, 709f, 711f, 713t, 718f, 729f, 737f, 739f Extensor digitorum longus tendon, 738f, 741-742 Extensor digitorum muscle, 606f, 611t, 612f, 614f, 616f, 618f, 620-621, 620f, 638f, 686f, 687f, 691f Extensor digitorum tendon, 632f, 638f  Extensor hallucis brevis muscle, 738f, 739f, 742, 745t Extensor hallucis brevis tendon, 740f Extensor hallucis longus muscle, 705f, 707, 713t, 718f, 731f, 737f, 739f, 741-742 Extensor hallucis longus tendon, 735f, 738f, 740f Extensor indicis muscle, 620f, 621 Extensor pollicis brevis muscle, 611t, 612f, 614f, 620f, 621 Extensor pollicis brevis tendon, 615f, 616f Extensor pollicis longus muscle, 611t, 612f, 620f, 621 Extensor pollicis longus tendon, 615f, 616f, 634f, 635f Extensor retinaculum, 630-631, 632f, 728, 729f, 731f External acoustic meatus, 51f External anal sphincter, 462f, 513f, 515f, 523, 523f, 525f External auditory canal, 37f, 166f External auditory meatus, 5f, 16f, 28t, 32-34, 32f, 33f, 35f, 37, 38f, 43f, 44f, 59f External capsule, 104f, 110, 111f, 112f External carotid artery, 132f, 140-141f, 141f, 256f, 264f, 274f, 275f, 285f, 286f, 287f, 293f, 300, 303f, 303t, 304f External ear, 37-46, 37f External iliac artery, 409t, 468f, 485f, 534f, 550, 550f, 552f, 556f, 562f, 747f External iliac lymph nodes, 561-562, 561f External iliac vein, 485f, 534f, 558f, 562f, 753f External intercostal muscles, 389, 389f, 389t, 490f, 492f External jugular vein, 256f, 259f, 262f, 265f, 274f, 277f, 286f, 288f, 289f, 290f, 305, 305f, 305t, 366 External landmarks, 2, 5f External oblique muscle, 490-493, 491f, 492f, 493t, 505, 670f External occipital protuberance, 16f, 17f, 19f, 29-32, 31f, 202f External os, 525-526, 526f External venous plexus, 246, 246f, 247f Extrahepatic biliary system, 431-434 Extreme capsule, 111f, 133f Eye muscles, 79f, 81f, 83, 84f, 85f F Facial artery, 287f Facial bones, 51-55, 51f, 53f, 55f, 56f, 57f 3D computed tomography of, 52f, 53f Facial nerve, 33f, 120f, 157t, 165-166, 166f, 167f Facial nerve canal, 32-34, 36f, 41f, 43f, 44f, 45f Facial vein, 287f, 289f, 305, 305f Falciform ligament, 402, 404f, 405f, 406f, 407f, 412f, 414f, 416f, 420f, 421f, 441f, 442f, 445f Fallopian tubes, 518f, 520f, 525f, 526f, 528f, 533 False pelvis, 503, 503f, 504f False vocal cords, 263 Falx cerebelli, 90 Falx cerebri, 90, 91f, 92f, 97f, 98f, 148f Female reproductive system, 525-534, 525f ovary, 518f, 520f, 521f, 525f, 526f, 528f, 530f, 531-533, 531f, 532f Index Female reproductive system (Continued) uterine tubes, 518f, 520f, 525f, 526f, 528f, 533 uterus, 400f, 402f, 518f, 520f, 521f, 525-526, 525f, 526f, 527f, 529f, 530f, 531f vagina, 510f, 513f, 515f, 518f, 522f, 524f, 525f, 526f, 531f, 533, 533f, 534f Femoral artery, 240f, 511f, 512f, 522f, 538f, 540f, 541f, 544f, 550f, 553f, 554f, 555f, 562f, 656f, 661f, 676f, 677f, 746, 748f, 749f, 750f, 753f Femoral head, 1f, 240f, 496f, 501f, 502f, 511f, 542f, 562f, 655-656, 655f, 658f, 659f, 661f, 664f, 665f, 684f Femoral neck, 496f, 657f, 658f, 659f, 664f, 665f Femoral nerve, 237, 237f, 507f, 538f, 754 Femoral vein, 240f, 511f, 512f, 522f, 538f, 540f, 541f, 544f, 553f, 554f, 555f, 559-560f, 562f, 656f, 661f, 748f Femur, 501f, 522f, 541f, 655-656, 659f, 673f, 674f, 675f, 676f, 682, 683f Fibrous pericardium, 333 Fibula, 682f, 685f, 688, 694f, 696f, 709f, 710f, 711f, 736f Fibular collateral ligament, 689f Fibular notch, 682-688 Fibular retinaculum, 705f Fibular vein, 753f Fibularis longus tendon, 743f Filum terminale, 210-211, 211f, 212f, 247f Fimbriae, 533 Fingers extensor mechanism of, 636f ligaments of, 636 Fistula, 515b Flexor carpi radialis muscle, 610f, 611t, 612, 612f, 614f, 615f, 616f, 617f, 649f Flexor carpi radialis tendon, 616f, 634f, 635f Flexor carpi ulnaris muscle, 610f, 611t, 612, 612f, 614f, 616f, 620f, 634f Flexor carpi ulnaris tendon, 642f Flexor digiti minimi brevis muscle, 641, 642f, 739f, 743f, 744, 745t Flexor digitorum brevis muscle, 737f, 738f, 739f, 742, 745t Flexor digitorum longus muscle, 711f, 712, 713f, 713t, 738f Flexor digitorum longus tendon, 731f, 734f, 736f, 738f, 739f, 742, 743f Flexor digitorum profundus muscle, 606f, 610f, 611t, 612f, 614f, 615f, 616f, 618f, 619, 619f, 634f Flexor digitorum profundus tendon, 615f, 616f, 632f, 634f, 642f Flexor digitorum superficialis muscle, 606f, 608f, 612, 614f, 615f, 616f, 619f Flexor digitorum superficialis tendon, 616f, 634f, 642f Flexor hallucis brevis muscle, 734f, 741f, 743f, 744, 745t Flexor hallucis longus muscle, 687f, 709f, 710f, 711f, 712, 713t, 736f Flexor hallucis longus tendon, 687f, 734f, 735f, 738f, 739f, 742, 743f Flexor pollicis brevis muscle, 640f, 642f, 643f Flexor pollicis longus muscle, 612f, 619, 619f Flexor pollicis longus tendon, 642f Flexor retinaculum, 630-631, 632f, 633f, 642f, 653f, 728, 729f, 737f Follicular cyst, 533b Fontanels, 49, 49f, 50f Foot, 714-744 arches of, 722 bony anatomy of, 714-720, 714f, 715-716f, 716f, 717f, 718f, 719f, 720f joints of, 720-721 muscles of, 742-744, 743f, 744f, 745t tendons of, 741-742, 742f Foramen lacerum, 18f, 26f, 28t, 32-34, 35f, 169f Foramen magnum, 18f, 28t, 29-32, 29f, 31f, 47f, 55f, 56f, 169f, 171f Foramen of Luschka, 93, 94f Foramen of Magendie, 93, 93f Foramen of Monro, 93, 93f, 94f Foramen ovale, 18f, 25-27, 25f, 27f, 28t, 35f, 151f, 169f, 336 Foramen rotundum, 18f, 25-27, 25f, 27f, 28f, 28t, 32f, 53f, 77f, 78f, 151f Foramen spinosum, 18f, 25-27, 25f, 27f, 28t, 35f, 169f Forearm muscles, 611-621, 611t, 612f, 613f, 614f Fornix, 111f, 112f, 113f, 117, 117f, 119f, 125f, 128f, 154f Fossa ovalis, 336, 336f Fourth ventricle, 93, 93f, 94f, 96f, 98f, 99f, 101f, 105f, 113f, 114f, 125f, 127f, 128f, 130f, 162f, 167f Fovea capitis, 240f, 655-656, 655f, 657f, 660f Frontal bone, 17f, 18f, 20, 20f, 28t, 46f, 54f Frontal foramen, 28t Frontal horn, 93, 93f, 94f, 95f Frontal lobe, 104f, 107f, 108, 108f, 109f, 119f Frontal recess, 75f Frontal sinus, 19f, 20, 21f, 53f, 54f, 73, 73f, 77f, 158f, 251f Frontal suture, 46, 49f Frontopolar artery, 131, 134f Fundus of gallbladder, 431-434, 431f, 432f of stomach, 455f, 461f G Gallbladder, 401f, 402f, 412f, 413f, 415f, 421f, 423f, 426f, 431-434, 431f, 432f, 433f, 434f, 438f, 464f, 489f Gallbladder fossa, 412, 431-434 Gastric artery, 426f, 428f, 468f, 469f, 474, 474f, 475f, 476f Gastric impression, 412f Gastric vein, 425f, 430f Gastrocnemius bursa, 704, 705f, 709f Gastrocnemius muscle, 683f, 685f, 686f, 691f, 692f, 693f, 694f, 695f, 696f, 698f, 699f, 700f, 701f, 708f, 710f, 711, 711f, 712f, 713f, 713t, 752f Gastrocolic ligament, 402, 406t Gastroduodenal artery, 426f, 428f, 437f, 438f, 439f, 469f, 474f, 477, 478f, 482f, 484f, 556f Gastroepiploic artery, 474f Gastroesophageal junction, 417f, 453, 453f, 455f Gastrohepatic ligament, 401f, 402f Gastro-omental artery, 477f 759 Gastrophrenic ligament, 402, 406t Gastrosplenic ligament, 398f, 402, 403f, 406t, 441, 441f Gemellus muscle, 240f, 656f, 661f, 663f, 668, 668f, 669f, 671t, 680f Genicular artery, 747, 749f, 751f Geniculate ganglion, 45f Genioglossus muscle, 170f, 255f, 274f, 285f, 286f, 291, 291f, 292t, 293f, 294f, 295f Geniohyoid muscle, 170f, 264f, 291f, 294f, 295f, 299t Genitofemoral nerve, 237f Gerdy’s tubercle, 672f, 682-688, 682f, 697f, 703f Gerota’s fascia, 410, 410f, 411f, 442f, 446-449, 451f Glabella, 16f, 17f Glans penis, 539f, 547f Glenohumeral joint, 564-565, 564f, 567f, 568f, 571f, 574f Glenohumeral ligament, 568f, 569f, 571-572, 576f, 578f, 579f, 586f Glenoid cavity, 571f Glenoid fossa, 564-565, 566f, 567f, 568f, 579f Glenoid labrum, 569f, 571-572, 571f, 573f, 574f, 576f, 577f, 580f Glenoid process, 564-565, 567f, 574f, 578f, 585f, 587f Glisson’s capsule, 412 Globe, 86f Globus pallidus, 104f, 110, 111f Glomerulus, 446, 450f Glossopharyngeal nerve, 120f, 157t, 168, 168f, 169f Glottis, 262f, 263, 265f, 267f Gluteal artery, 749f Gluteal nerves, 237f Gluteal tuberosity, 656, 659f Gluteus maximus muscle, 1f, 239f, 240f, 467f, 496f, 497f, 505, 505f, 506f, 509f, 511f, 534f, 541f, 549f, 553f, 656f, 661f, 663f, 668, 668f, 669f, 670f, 671t, 676f, 678f, 680f, 748f Gluteus medius muscle, 239f, 467f, 496f, 497f, 505, 505f, 506f, 534f, 656f, 657f, 661f, 668, 668f, 669f, 670f, 671t, 678f, 680f Gluteus minimus muscle, 467f, 505, 505f, 506f, 534f, 657f, 668, 668f, 669f, 670f, 671t Gonadal artery, 470f, 473, 473f, 483f, 551f Gonadal vein, 487, 551f Gonion, 59 Gracilis muscle, 538f, 541f, 676f, 677f, 678-681, 678f, 679f, 681t Gray matter, 103-108, 104f, 106f, 215 Gray scale, 10f, 11f Great anterior radicular artery, 241, 241b, 242f, 243f Great cardiac vein, 349f, 350f, 370f, 376, 376f, 380f Great cerebral vein, 147, 148f, 149f, 151f, 154f, 155f, 156f, 160f Great pancreatic artery, 437f, 478f Great saphenous vein, 538f, 731f, 752f, 753, 753f Great vessels, 349-366, 349f, 350f Greater curvature of stomach, 453, 454f, 456f, 459f Greater omentum, 400f, 402f, 403f, 404f Greater sac, 400f, 441f Greater sciatic notch, 495-497, 499f, 500f 760 Index Greater trochanter, 240f, 496f, 501f, 502f, 554f, 562f, 656f, 657f, 658f, 659f, 660f, 662f, 664f, 748f Greater tubercle, 564f, 565-567, 567f, 568f, 569f, 575f, 577f, 586f Greater wing of sphenoid, 16f, 2527, 25f, 26f, 27f, 28f, 57f, 76f, 78f, 152f, 162f Guyon’s canal, 630-631, 633f Gyri, 102-103 H Hamate bone, 621, 622f, 623f, 624f, 625f, 626f, 627f, 628f, 635f, 644f Hamstrings, 678-681 Hand, 621-641, 622f See also Wrist bony anatomy of, 621-641, 622f, 623f, 624f, 625f, 626f joints of, 630 venous drainage of, 651, 651f Hard palate, 21f, 52-55, 55f, 72f, 158f, 251f, 253f, 254f, 261f, 271f, 285f, 294f Hartmann’s pouch, 432f Haustra, 462-463, 462f, 464f Heart, 331-346 apex of, 330f, 331, 332f, 337f, 349f, 368f base of, 330f, 331, 332f, 337f blood circulation through, 362 chambers of, 336-337, 336f, 337f, 340f, 341f conduction system of, 337, 337f diaphragmatic surface of, 330f, 331, 332f inferior border of, 332f pericardium, 333, 333f, 334f, 335f pulmonary surface of, 330f, 331, 332f sternocostal surface of, 331, 332f superficial landmarks of, 331, 331f, 332f superior border of, 332f valves of, 346, 346f, 347f, 348f walls of, 336, 336f Hemiazygos vein, 330f, 340f, 386, 386f, 387f, 388f Hepatic artery, 398f, 412f, 426f, 427f, 431f, 441f, 445f, 469f, 474f, 478f, 484f, 485f, 489f, 558f Hepatic artery proper, 428f, 437f, 474f, 476f, 477, 477f, 478f, 482f, 484f Hepatic duct, 412f Hepatic flexure, 459f, 461f, 462-463, 465f, 466f, 467f Hepatic vein, 485f, 488, 558f Hepatoduodenal ligament, 402, 402f, 406f Hepatoesophageal ligament, 406t Hepatogastric ligament, 402, 406t Hepatorenal ligament, 406t Herniated intervertebral disks, 232b Herpes zoster virus, 211b Heschl’s gyrus, 108, 108f Hilum, 313, 317f Hip, 1f, 3f, 501f, 655-682 bony anatomy of, 655-656, 655f, 656f, 657f bursae of, 667 joint capsule of, 667 labrum of, 660-666, 660f, 661f, 662f, 663f ligaments of, 660-666, 660f, 661f, 662f, 663f muscles of, 668-682, 668f, 669f, 670f, 671f, 672f, 673f, 679f, 680f synovial capsule of, 667 Hippocampal sclerosis, 117b Hippocampus, 110f, 117, 117f, 118f, 119f, 124f, 125f Hook of hamate, 622f, 623f, 624f, 625f, 629f, 643f Horizontal long axis view, 377-379, 377f, 379f Humeral head, 565-567, 568f, 574f, 577f, 580f, 583f, 584f Humerus, 568, 568f, 569f, 570f, 595f, 596f, 597f, 598f, 599f, 601f Hyoglossus muscle, 255f, 264f, 274f, 275f, 285f, 286f, 288f, 291, 291f, 292t, 293f, 295f, 297f Hyoid bone, 5f, 170f, 251f, 253f, 256f, 257f, 258f, 260f, 261f, 267f, 273f, 288f, 294f, 296, 301f, 305f Hypoglossal canal, 18f, 19f, 28t, 29-32, 29f, 36f, 43f, 169f, 170f, 171f Hypoglossal nerve, 120f, 157t, 170f, 171 Hypothalamus, 113, 113f, 114f, 117f, 158f Hypotympanum, 37f, 40, 43f, 44f, 45f I Ileal artery, 477-478, 482f Ileocecal valve, 458, 459f, 461f, 462f Ileocolic artery, 477-478, 482f Ileum, 413f, 458, 459f, 460f, 461f, 462f, 464f, 465f Iliac crest, 495f, 496f, 499f, 501f, 503f, 659f, 668f Iliac fossa, 495f, 496f, 501f, 503f, 659f Iliac lymph nodes, 561-562 Iliacus muscle, 208f, 237f, 406t, 490f, 501f, 507, 507f, 508f, 532f, 552f, 669f, 670f, 672-677, 681t Iliocostalis cervicis muscle, 201t, 204, 204f, 205f, 209f Iliocostalis lumborum muscle, 201t, 204, 204f, 205f, 208f, 209f Iliocostalis thoracis muscle, 201t, 204, 204f, 205f, 206f, 209f Iliofemoral ligament, 655, 656f, 660f, 661f, 662f, 664f, 666f Iliohypogastric nerve, 237f Ilioinguinal nerve, 237f Iliolumbar artery, 551f, 557f Iliolumbar vein, 559-560f Iliopsoas bursa, 667 Iliopsoas muscle, 490f, 506f, 507, 507f, 509f, 534f, 540f, 554f, 562f, 656f, 657f, 661f, 663f, 669f, 671f, 672-677, 672f, 678f, 748f Iliotibial band, 656f, 657f, 661f, 672-677, 672f, 678f, 693f, 697f, 701f, 702f, 703f Iliotibial tract, 689f, 691f, 704f, 748f Ilium, 192f, 193f, 239f, 495f, 496f, 497f, 498f, 500f, 501f, 508f, 523f, 534f, 552f, 553f, 561f, 655, 657f, 663f, 665f, 669f Image display, 8, 10f, 11f Incus, 33f, 37f, 41f, 44f, 45f Indirect inguinal hernia, 505b Inferior, 4t Inferior anastomotic vein, 147f Inferior aortic sinus, 335t Inferior articular process, 175f, 176f, 177f, 180f, 188-189f, 200f Inferior colliculi, 114f, 119f, 120f, 121-124, 121f, 122f, 127f Inferior constrictor muscle, 259f, 262f, 265f, 288f, 289f, 291, 291f, 292t, 294f Inferior costal facet, 175f Inferior end plate, 188-189f Inferior epigastric artery, 550, 551f, 554f Inferior epigastric vein, 554f Inferior frontal gyrus, 108f Inferior gemellus muscle, 668, 668f, 669f, 671t, 680f Inferior glenoid labrum, 574f Inferior gluteal artery, 550f, 551f, 553f, 555f, 557f, 746f Inferior gluteal nerve, 237f Inferior infrarenal artery, 470, 470f Inferior ischial ramus, 495-497 Inferior lingular segmental bronchus, 321f Inferior mediastinum, 322f, 322t Inferior medullary velum, 93, 96f Inferior mesenteric artery, 462f, 465f, 468f, 469f, 470f, 472f, 481f, 482f, 483, 483f, 484f, 550f, 551f, 556f, 557f Inferior mesenteric vein, 6f, 422f, 460f, 465f, 481f, 559-560f Inferior nasal conchae, 17f, 21f, 53f, 54f, 58, 58f, 70f, 72f, 74f Inferior nasal meatus, 58f, 86 Inferior nuchal line, 202f Inferior oblique muscle, 83, 83f, 86f, 281f, 291f Inferior orbital fissure, 28t, 51f, 69f, 76f, 78f Inferior pancreaticoduodenal artery, 477-478, 482f Inferior petrosal sinus, 147f Inferior phrenic artery, 468f, 469f, 470, 485f, 550f, 558f Inferior phrenic vein, 485 Inferior pubic ramus, 495, 495f, 496f, 502f, 658f, 659f Inferior pulmonary veins left, 310f, 339f, 340f, 349-358, 354f, 356f, 359f, 361f, 370f, 372f right, 310f, 339f, 340f, 349-358, 356f, 357f, 359f, 370f Inferior rectus muscle, 83f, 86f Inferior sagittal sinus, 91f, 146f, 147f, 148f, 149f, 156f Inferior suprarenal artery, 442f Inferior thyroid artery, 300f Inferior thyroid vein, 300f, 376f Inferior vena cava, 6f, 245f, 335f, 342f, 344f, 345f, 346f, 349-358, 349f, 350f, 354f, 362f, 368f, 375f, 376f, 382f, 384f, 386f, 398f, 399f, 403f, 404f, 412f, 415f, 416f, 418f, 420f, 421f, 422f, 423f, 424f, 425f, 426-427, 426f, 427f, 434f, 435f, 437f, 438f, 441f, 442f, 445f, 446f, 460f, 471f, 472f, 475f, 478f, 479f, 485-488, 485f, 486f, 489f, 558f, 559-560f, 753f Inferior vertebral notch, 175f, 188-189f, 189f Infracolic compartment, 406, 406f, 408f Infracolic spaces, 406, 409t Infraglenoid tubercle, 564-565, 566f, 567f, 568f Infrahyoid muscle, 273f, 296, 299t Infrahyoid region, 280 Infraorbital canal, 53f, 54f, 77f Infraorbital foramen, 28t, 51f, 52-55, 76f Infraorbital groove, 74f, 76f Infrapatellar bursa, 704 Infrapatellar fold, 689f Infraspinatus muscle, 298f, 567f, 573f, 575f, 578f, 584f, 585f, 586f, 590, 590t, 591f, 599f, 649f Infraspinatus tendon, 572f, 575f, 577f, 580f, 589f Infraspinous fossa, 564-565, 566f Infundibulum, 23-24, 24f, 74-75, 75f, 91f, 113, 114f, 115f, 119f, 158f, 533 Inguinal canal, 505, 536f Inguinal hernia, 505b Inguinal ligament, 208f, 490-493, 490f, 492f, 505, 507f, 536f, 550f, 753f Inguinal lymph nodes, 541f, 561f, 562f Inner ear, 37-46, 37f, 38f, 134f, 166f Insula, 104f, 106f, 107f, 108, 109f, 111f, 115f, 125f, 133f Interatrial septum, 334f, 336, 341f, 345f Intercarpal joints, 628 Intercarpal ligaments, 630-631 Intercondylar eminence, 682, 682f, 691f Intercondylar fossa, 659f, 682, 683f, 684f Intercondylar tubercle, 682, 691f Intercostal artery, 242f, 244f, 245f Intercostal muscles, 389, 389f, 389t, 390f, 490f, 492f, 597f Intercostal nerves, 229f Intercostal space, 308 Intercostales intimi muscle, 389f Interlobar arteries, 471f Interlobar fissure, 413 Interlobar veins, 487 Interlobular arteries, 471f Interlobular veins, 471f, 487 Intermetatarsal joint, 721, 723f Internal acoustic canal, 18f Internal anal sphincter, 523, 523f Internal auditory artery, 140-141f, 146f Internal auditory canal, 19f, 28t, 32-34, 35f, 40, 41f, 44f, 101f, 167f, 168f, 169f Internal auditory meatus, 33f, 45f Internal capsule, 110, 110f, 111f, 112f, 274f Internal carotid artery, 115f, 116f, 125f, 131, 132f, 132t, 133f, 135f, 136f, 137f, 138f, 140141f, 141f, 143f, 144f, 145f, 152f, 153f, 162f, 256f, 259f, 264f, 271f, 274f, 275f, 281f, 284f, 285f, 286f, 287f, 293f, 300, 300f, 303f, 303t, 304f Internal cerebral vein, 147, 147f, 148f, 149f, 154f, 156f Internal iliac artery, 409t, 468f, 551f, 556f, 557f, 747f, 753f Internal iliac lymph nodes, 561-562, 561f Internal iliac vein, 485f, 558-560, 558f, 753f Internal intercostal muscle, 389f, 490f, 492f Internal jugular vein, 6f, 37f, 148f, 166f, 234f, 236f, 256f, 258f, 259f, 262f, 264f, 265f, 266f, 269f, 271f, 272f, 274f, 276f, 277f, 281f, 282f, 284f, 285f, 286f, 287f, 288f, 289f, 290f, 293f, 300f, 305-306, 305f, 305t, 366 Internal landmarks, 2, 6f, 6t Internal oblique muscle, 490-493, 491f, 492f, 493t, 505 Internal occipital protuberance, 18f, 29-32, 31f, 32f, 35f, 47f, 149f Internal os, 525-526, 526f Internal pudendal artery, 557f Internal thoracic artery, 363, 363b, 364f, 365f, 372f  Internal thoracic vein, 365f Internal urethral sphincter, 517 Internal venous plexus, 246, 246f, 247f Interosseous artery, 646 Interosseous membrane, 605, 686f, 729-730f, 736f Interosseous muscles, 641f, 739f, 741f, 744f, 745t Interpeduncular cistern, 100-102, 100f, 101f Interphalangeal joints, 622f, 636f, 715-716f, 721 Interspinous ligament, 194f, 197f, 198f Interstitial septa, 321f Intertarsal joints, 721 Intertransversarius muscle, 207f Intertransverse ligament, 197f Intertrochanteric crest, 655-656 Intertrochanteric line, 655-656, 659f Intertubercular groove, 564f, 565-567, 567f, 569f, 601f Interventricular foramen, 93, 93f, 94f, 98f, 176f, 220f Interventricular septum, 332f, 334f, 336, 336f, 340f, 341f, 342f, 343f, 362f, 373f, 374f, 375f, 378f, 379f, 380f, 381f Intervertebral disk space, 188-189f Intervertebral disks, 178f, 180f, 191f, 194f, 198f, 220f, 232b, 247f Intervertebral foramen, 175f, 176f, 188-189f, 198f, 220f, 231f Intervertebral veins, 246, 246f, 248f Intestines, 458-463, 458f, 459f, 460f, 461f, 462f, 463f, 464f, 465f, 466f, 467f Intrahepatic ducts, 431-434, 432f Ipsilateral, 4t Ischial spine, 495-497, 499f, 500f, 502f, 503f, 507f Ischial tuberosity, 495-497, 496f, 499f, 500f, 502f, 503f, 504f, 516f, 522f, 524f, 534f, 659f, 663f Ischiocavernous muscle, 549f Ischiofemoral ligament, 660f, 662f Ischiopubic ramus, 549f Ischium, 239f, 495-497, 495f, 496f, 501f, 502f, 509f, 512f, 514f, 522f, 523f, 540f, 655, 655f, 657f, 658f, 660f, 665f, 679f, 748f Isthmus, of thyroid gland, 276, 276f J Jejunal artery, 477-478, 482f Jejunum, 458, 459f, 460f, 464f, 465f, 466f Jugular foramen, 18f, 28t, 32-34, 33f, 35f, 43f, 169f Jugular fossa, 29f, 32-34, 35f, 36f, 278f Jugular notch, 5f, 308, 308f K Kidneys, 446 Knee, 682-712 articulations of, 689-695 bony anatomy of, 682-688 bursae of, 704, 705f joint capsule of, 689, 689f ligaments of, 694, 694f, 695, 695f, 696f, 697f, 698f, 699f, 700f, 701f, 702f, 703f, 704f menisci of, 685f, 690, 690f, 691f, 692f, 693f, 696f, 697f, 699f tendons of, 704 Kohlrausch’s fold, 523, 523f Index L Labia majora, 518f, 525f Labia minora, 518f, 525f Lacrimal apparatus, 86, 87f Lacrimal bones, 52, 53f, 76f, 77f Lacrimal canaliculus, 87f Lacrimal duct, 56f Lacrimal fossa, 75, 76f Lacrimal gland, 81f, 82f, 86, 86f, 87f Lacrimal groove, 51f, 52, 53f, 76f, 77f Lacrimal sac, 52, 79f, 80f, 86, 87f Lambda, 16f, 49 Lambdoidal suture, 16f, 17f, 19f, 46, 47f, 50f Lamina papyracea, 23f, 69f, 74f Lamina terminalis, 93, 93f Landmarks, 2, 5f, 6f, 6t Large intestine, 462-463 Laryngeal prominence, 260-263 Laryngeal ventricle, 261f, 263 Laryngopharynx, 251, 251f, 252f, 253f, 257f, 258f Larynx, 251f, 257f, 259f, 260-263, 260f, 261f, 266f Lateral, 4t Lateral angle, 313 Lateral aperture, 93, 94f Lateral basal segmental bronchus, 321f Lateral cervical ligament, 528, 528f, 529f, 530f, 531f, 534f Lateral collateral ligament, 690f, 693f, 695, 697f, 741f Lateral epicondyle, 603, 659f, 682f, 684f Lateral epitympanic recess, 39f Lateral femoral condyle, 682, 682f, 683f, 684f, 696f, 702f, 706f Lateral femoral cutaneous nerve, 237f Lateral fissure, 97f, 100f, 101f, 102-103, 103f, 109f, 115f, 118f, 123f, 124f, 133f, 151f Lateral intercondylar tubercle, 682, 682f Lateral lenticostriate arteries, 131 Lateral longitudinal arch, 714f, 722 Lateral malleolus, 687f, 688, 705f, 721f, 728f, 731f, 736f, 737f Lateral meniscus, 690, 691f, 692f, 693f, 696f, 698f Lateral occipital condyles, 29-32 Lateral palpebral ligament, 87f Lateral pterygoid muscle, 65, 65f, 281f, 284f Lateral pterygoid plate, 25f, 27f Lateral rectus muscle, 79f, 81f, 83, 84f, 85f, 161f Lateral sacral artery, 242f, 551f Lateral ventricle, 91f, 93, 106f, 107f, 109f, 113f, 126f, 150f, 155f Latissimus dorsi muscle, 209f, 491f, 492f, 582f, 584f, 585t, 599f Le Fort fractures, 55b Left adrenal gland, 442-443, 443f, 445f, 456f Left anterior descending artery, 359f, 368-369, 368f, 369b, 369f, 370f, 371f, 372f, 373f, 374f, 379f, 380f, 382f Left aortic sinus, 348f, 371f Left ascending pharyngeal artery, 301f Left ascending pulmonary artery, 356f Left atrial appendage, 359f Left atrioventricular valve, 346 Left atrium, 309f, 310f, 332f, 334f, 336-337, 336f, 338f, 339f, 340f, 341f, 344f, 345f, 346f, 353f, 354f, 356f, 357f, 360f, 362, 362f, 368f, 369f, 370f, 372f, 373f, 374f, 378f, 379f, 380f, 381f, 382f, 383f, 384f, 385f Left auricle, 336-337, 337f, 349f, 378f Left brachiocephalic vein, 323f, 345f, 350f, 361f, 363f, 366f, 367f, 376f Left bronchiocephalic vein, 300f, 325f, 365f, 368f Left bundle branch, 336f Left circumflex artery, 370f, 371f, 372f, 373f Left colic artery, 483, 483f, 484f, 551f Left colic flexure, 459f, 462f Left common carotid artery, 231f, 234f, 300, 301f, 302f, 303t, 325f, 346f, 350f, 356f, 363, 363f, 364f, 365f, 366f, 368f Left common iliac artery, 469f, 476f, 483f, 551f, 557f Left common iliac vein, 532f Left coronary artery, 332f, 368-369, 368f, 371f, 373f, 384f Left descending pulmonary artery, 356f, 357f Left external carotid artery, 301f Left external iliac artery, 469f Left gastric artery, 426f, 428f, 468f, 469f, 474, 474f, 475f, 476f, 477f, 478f, 482f, 484f, 485f, 550f, 558f Left gastric vein, 559-560f Left gastroepiploic artery, 474f, 477-478, 478f Left gonadal artery, 468f, 473f, 476f, 483f, 550f Left gonadal vein, 487 Left hepatic artery, 426-427, 426f, 428f, 469f, 474f, 477f, 478f Left hepatic duct, 431f, 432f, 433f, 435f Left hepatic vein, 416f, 418f, 422f, 426-427, 429f Left inferior lobe, 310f, 314f, 315f Left inferior lobe bronchus, 319f, 321f, 361f Left inferior phrenic artery, 470 Left inferior phrenic vein, 485 Left inferior pulmonary vein, 310f, 339f, 340f, 349-358, 354f, 356f, 359f, 361f, 370f, 372f Left infracolic space, 408f Left internal carotid artery, 301f, 302f Left internal iliac artery, 468f, 550f, 552f, 556f Left internal jugular vein, 234f, 329f, 363f, 367f Left jugular trunk, 329f Left kidney, 398f, 399f, 408f, 410f, 411f, 421f, 443f, 445f, 452f Left lingual artery, 301f, 302f Left lower quadrant, 7, 8f, 8t Left main coronary artery, 359f, 369f, 372f Left main pulmonary artery, 326f Left mainstem bronchus, 309f, 315f, 318f, 321f, 332f, 344f, 345f, 353f, 355f, 358f, 384f Left marginal artery, 349f, 368f Left marginal vein, 376f Left oblique fissure, 314f, 315f, 318f Left paracolic gutter, 408f, 409t Left perirenal space, 409t, 411f Left phrenic nerve, 231f Left phrenic vein, 558f Left pleural cavity, 312f Left portal vein, 416f, 419f, 559-560f Left posterior interventricular vein, 350f Left posterior ventricular vein, 376 761 Left pulmonary artery, 231f, 315f, 317f, 318f, 324f, 346, 349f, 353f, 354f, 355f, 356f, 357f, 358f, 361f, 363f, 366f, 368f, 376f, 384f Left pulmonary vein, 332f, 335f, 344f, 350f, 384f Left pulmonary venous recess, 335f Left pulmonic recess, 335f, 335t Left renal artery, 469f, 471f, 472f, 476f, 483f, 485f Left renal vein, 386f, 469f, 471f, 472f, 487f Left subclavian artery, 231f, 233f, 302f, 325f, 346f, 350f, 356f, 361f, 363, 363f, 364f, 365f, 366f, 368f, 645-646f Left subclavian vein, 329f, 366f, 367f Left subhepatic space, 407f, 408f, 409t Left subphrenic space, 406f, 407f, 409t Left superior intercostal vein, 386f Left superior lobe, 310f, 314f, 315f, 318f Left superior lobe bronchus, 319f, 321f, 361f Left superior pulmonary vein, 349-358, 355f, 356f, 357f, 358f, 361f, 366f, 378f Left superior thyroid artery, 301f Left triangular ligament, 412, 412f Left upper quadrant, 7, 8f, 8t Left ureter, 452f Left ventricle, 309f, 310f, 332f, 336-337, 336f, 338f, 339f, 340f, 341f, 342f, 343f, 344f, 346f, 347f, 348f, 349f, 350f, 351f, 357f, 361f, 362f, 364f, 367f, 368f, 370f, 374f, 375f, 378f, 379f, 380f, 381f, 382f, 383f, 384f, 385f, 418f, 425f Left ventricular myocardium, 378f Left ventricular outflow tract, 377-379, 384f, 385f Left vertebral artery, 284f, 301f, 364f Lens, 79 Lentiform nucleus, 104f, 110, 110f, 111f, 112f, 115f, 133f Lesser curvature of stomach, 453, 454f, 456f, 459f Lesser omentum, 398-402, 398f, 402f, 412f, 441f, 455f Lesser sac, 398f, 400f, 401f, 441f Lesser sciatic notch, 495-497, 499f, 500f Lesser trochanter, 496f, 501f, 655-656, 657f, 658f, 659f, 665f Lesser tubercle, 564f, 565-567, 567f, 569f, 586f Lesser wing of sphenoid bone, 18f, 25-27, 25f, 26f, 27f Levator ani muscle, 208f, 406t, 510, 510f, 512f, 513f, 514f, 522f, 523f, 524f, 530f, 535f, 546f Levator scapulae muscle, 203f, 256f, 259f, 262f, 266f, 269f, 274f, 282f, 283f, 286f, 287f, 288f, 289f, 290f, 296f, 297, 297f, 298f, 299t, 582, 582f, 583f, 585t Levator veli palatini muscle, 281f, 291f Levatores costarum muscle, 207f, 389, 390f Lienorenal ligament, 398f, 441, 441f Ligament of Humphry, 690 Ligament of Treitz, 458, 459f Ligament of Wrisberg, 690 Ligamentum arteriosum, 231f, 346, 349f, 354f 762 Index Ligamentum flava, 197f, 198f, 199f, 200f, 201, 227f Ligamentum nuchae, 193, 194f, 195f, 196f, 199f, 203f, 204f, 226f, 282f, 283f Ligamentum teres, 406f, 412f, 655-656, 656f, 657f, 660f, 665f, 667 Ligamentum venosum, 404f, 405f, 413, 414f, 419f, 420f Limbic system, 117, 117f Linea alba, 490-493, 491f, 492f, 496f Linea aspera, 655-656, 659f Lingual frenulum, 270f Lingual nerve, 295f Lingual tonsils, 251, 251f, 252f, 255f, 293f Lingual vein, 275f Lingula, 313, 313f, 316f, 361f Lister’s tubercle, 602f, 603-604, 622f Liver anatomy of, 3f, 330f, 334f, 343f, 344f, 345f, 375f, 382f, 384f, 399f, 400f, 401f, 403f, 404f, 405f, 407f, 412f, 423f, 439f, 443f, 450f anterior view of, 412f with fissures, 413f function of, 412 portal hepatic system of, 422, 422f, 423f, 424f, 425f posterior view of, 412f segmental anatomy of, 416, 416f, 417f, 418f, 419f, 420f, 421f surface anatomy of, 412f, 413-415, 413f, 414f, 415f vasculature of, 426-427, 426f, 427f, 428f, 429f, 430f Longissimus capitis muscle, 201t, 203f, 204f, 205f, 209f, 285f Longissimus cervicis muscle, 201t, 204f, 205f, 209f Longissimus thoracis muscle, 201t, 205f, 206f, 209f Longitudinal arch, 714f, 722 Longitudinal fissure, 102-103, 106f, 108f, 129f Longus capitis muscle, 254f, 255f, 259f, 281f, 282f, 284f, 285f, 286f, 287f, 289f, 290f, 293f, 299t Longus colli muscle, 255f, 259f, 262f, 265f, 281f, 282f, 285f, 287f, 288f, 289f, 293f, 299t Loop of Henle, 446, 450f Lower leg See also Ankle; Foot arteries of, 746-747, 749f bony anatomy of, 682-688, 682f, 683f, 684f, 685f, 686f, 687f, 689-695 muscles of, 704-710, 706f, 707f, 708f, 709f, 710f, 711-712 nerves of, 754 veins of, 753, 753f, 754f Lower paratracheal lymph nodes, 324f Lower segmental artery, 471f, 472f Lower subscapular nerve, 232f L5-S1 disk, 187 Lumbar artery, 242f, 245f, 468f, 469f, 470, 551f, 557f Lumbar lymph nodes, 488f Lumbar nerves, 210f, 224f, 238f Lumbar plexus, 229f, 237, 754f Lumbar segmental artery, 245f Lumbar spine, 187f, 188-189f, 198f, 220f, 223f Lumbar veins, 386f, 485, 486f Lumbar vertebrae, 174f, 175f, 187, 187f, 188-189f, 189f, 190f, 191f, 200f, 209f, 210f, 221f, 238f, 242f, 245f, 249f, 329f, 501f Lumbosacral trunk, 237f Lumbrical muscles, 636f, 638f, 640, 642f, 643f, 742-744, 743f, 745t Lunate bone, 621, 622f, 623f, 625f, 626f, 627f, 628f, 629f, 635f, 644f Lung cancer, 318b Lungs, 312f, 313, 313f, 314f, 315f, 316f, 317f, 328f, 351f, 360f, 361f, 382f, 418f Lunotriquetral ligament, 634f Lymph nodes abdominal, 488, 488f, 489f cervical, 278, 278f, 279f, 279t mediastinal, 295f, 326, 326f, 327t, 328f supraclavicular, 326b Lymphatic system, 326-329 lymph nodes, 326, 326f, 327t, 328f lymph vessels, 329, 329f, 330f M Main pancreatic duct, 426-427, 437 Main portal vein, 437f, 478f Major calyces, 446, 447f, 449f Male reproductive system, 535-547, 535f, 536f, 537f, 538f, 539f, 540f, 541f, 542f, 543f, 544f, 545f, 546f, 547f, 548f, 549f bulbourethral gland, 519f, 535f, 539f, 547, 547f ejaculatory duct, 539, 539f epididymis, 519f, 535f, 536f, 537, 537f, 538f penis, 519f, 535f, 536f, 537f, 539f, 547, 547f, 548f, 549f scrotum, 535-536, 536f, 538f seminal vesicle, 513f, 519f, 523f, 535f, 542, 542f, 543f, 546f testes, 519f, 535f, 536f, 537, 537f, 538f vas deferens, 535f, 539, 539f Malleoincudal articulation, 37f Malleolar artery, 751f Malleolar fossa, 688 Malleolar groove, 682-688 Malleus, 33f, 35f, 37f, 41f, 45f Malleus umbo, 37f Mamillary bodies, 104f, 105f, 113f, 114f, 117, 117f, 118f, 119f, 123f, 128f Mandible, 17f, 28t, 53f, 59, 251f, 255f, 264f, 271f, 284f, 293f angle of, 59, 59f, 65f body of, 59f, 287f condyle of, 30f, 171f lateral view of, 59f ramus of, 30f, 53f, 56f, 59, 59f, 60f, 72f, 254f, 258f, 281f, 293f 3D computed tomography of, 59f Mandibular condyle, 35f, 51f, 56f, 61f Mandibular condyle process, 36f Mandibular fossa, 32-34, 32f, 62, 62f, 63f, 64f Mandibular nerve, 157t Mandibular notch, 51f, 59, 59f, 60f Manubrium, 308, 308f, 309f, 310f, 326f, 564f, 565f Marginal artery, 483f Massa intermedia, 93f, 105f, 113 Masseter muscle, 65, 65f, 254f, 257f, 271f, 273f, 281f, 284f, 285f, 286f, 293f, 295f, 296f, 298f Masticator space, 280f, 284f Masticatory muscles, 65, 65f, 66f Mastoid air cells, 33f, 34f, 35f, 36f, 40f, 43f, 47f, 230f, 254f Mastoid antrum, 32-34, 34f, 35f, 41f Mastoid foramen, 18f Mastoid process, 17f, 34f, 36f, 47f, 52f, 252f, 254f, 271f, 281f, 284f Mastoid tip, 5f, 43f Maxilla, 17f, 53f, 54f, 76f, 281f Maxillary bones, 28t, 52-55 Maxillary nerve, 157t Maxillary sinus, 30f, 52-55, 53f, 60f, 68f, 70f, 71, 71f, 74f Maximum intensity projection, 12, 13f Meckel’s cave, 32-34, 33f, 36f, 115f, 164f, 165f Medial, 4t Medial angle, 313 Medial basal segmental bronchus, 321f Medial collateral ligament, 683f, 693f, 695, 697f, 702f, 703f Medial epicondyle, 569f, 601f, 603, 605f, 609f, 659f, 682f, 684f Medial femoral condyle, 682, 682f, 683f, 684f, 696f, 702f, 706f, 752f Medial intercondylar tubercle, 682, 682f, 691f, 697f Medial longitudinal arch, 714f, 722 Medial malleolus, 682-688, 687f, 712f, 721f, 724f, 731f, 737f Medial meniscus, 685f, 689f, 690, 691f, 692f, 696f, 697f, 699f, 700f, 704f Medial pterygoid muscle, 65, 65f, 252f, 254f, 257f, 271f, 281f, 284f, 285f, 286f, 293f Medial pterygoid plate, 25f, 27f Medial rectus muscle, 79f, 81f, 83, 84f, 85f, 86f, 161f Medial retinaculum, 700f Medial umbilical ligament, 517, 520f, 528f Median aperture, 93, 93f, 121f Median arcuate ligament, 418f Median cubital vein, 651 Median nerve, 232, 232f, 596f, 597f, 598f, 615f, 631b, 632f, 634f, 650f, 652f, 653f Median raphe, 533, 536f, 538f Median sacral artery, 551f, 556f Median sacral vein, 558f, 559-560f Median umbilical ligament, 517, 520f Mediastinal fat, 333, 334f Mediastinum, 312f, 322-325, 360f, 361f compartments of, 322f, 322t esophagus, 325, 325f, 328f thymus gland, 323, 323f, 324f trachea, 325, 325f Medulla, 113, 168-170 Medulla oblongata, 121f, 124-126, 126f, 127f, 128, 140-141f, 169f, 170f Medullary pyramid, 127f, 169f Membranous labyrinth, 39f Membranous urethra, 513f, 517, 539f, 543f, 547f Meniere’s disease, 46b Meningeal grooves, 19f Meninges, 90, 90f, 91f, 92f, 210-211, 210f, 213f, 224f Meniscofemoral ligament, 690, 691f, 694f, 699f, 705f Meniscus, 685f, 690, 690f, 691f, 692f, 693f, 696f, 697f, 699f, 700f, 704f Mental foramen, 28t, 51f, 53f, 59f Mental protuberance, 59f Mesentery, 400f, 402f, 405f, 489f Mesocolon, 400f, 404f, 462f Mesotympanum, 37f, 40, 44f, 45f Metacarpals, 621, 622f, 623f, 624f, 625f, 626f, 632f, 644f Metacarpophalangeal joint, 623f, 636f, 638f Metatarsal ligaments, 731f Metatarsals, 714f, 715-716f, 718f, 720, 722f, 723f, 725f, 726f, 727f, 739f, 740f, 741f, 744f Metatarsophalangeal joint, 715-716f, 718f, 721, 723f, 727f, 731f Metopic suture, 49f Midbrain, 100f, 101f, 118f, 121-124, 151f, 155f Midcarpal joint, 626f, 628, 635f Middle cerebral artery, 100f, 101f, 123f, 131, 132f, 132t, 133f, 135f, 135t, 136f, 137f, 138f, 140-141f, 141f, 142f, 144f, 145f, 146f Middle cerebral vein, 147f, 154f, 156f Middle colic artery, 477-478, 482f Middle constrictor muscle, 264f, 291, 291f, 292t, 293f Middle cranial fossa, 16, 18f, 20t Middle ear, 37-40, 37f, 134f, 166f Middle hepatic vein, 416f, 418f, 419f, 422f, 426-427, 429f Middle mediastinum, 322f, 322t Middle nasal conchae, 23-24, 24f, 54f, 58f, 70f, 74f, 87f Middle nasal meatus, 57f, 58f, 69, 70f, 74f Middle posterior cardiac vein, 350f, 376f Middle rectal artery, 551f Middle sacral artery, 485f Middle sacral vein, 485f Middle scalene muscle, 230f, 233f, 234f, 235f, 236f, 269f, 282f, 290f, 296f, 297, 297f, 299t Middle suprarenal artery, 442f, 470f Middle thyroid vein, 300f, 305f Midtarsal joint, 721 Minor calyces, 446, 449f MIP See Maximum intensity projection Morison’s pouch, 406, 407f, 408f Multifidus muscle, 201t, 202f, 203f, 205f, 206f, 207, 207f, 218f, 234f, 282f, 283f, 289f Multiplanar reformation, 9-12, 12f Mumps virus, 270b Musculocutaneous nerve, 232, 232f, 652f Mylohyoid muscle, 170f, 255f, 264f, 274f, 275f, 285f, 287f, 288f, 293f, 294f, 295f, 297f, 299t Myocardium, 332f, 334f, 336, 341f, 346f, 381f Myometrium, 525-526, 525f, 526f, 527f, 530f, 531f N Nasal bones, 17f, 19f, 52, 53f, 54f, 76f, 251f Nasal cartilage, 251f Nasal conchae, 23-24, 24f, 58f Nasal meatus, 58f Nasal septum, 24f, 58, 252f, 281f Nasion, 5f Nasolacrimal duct, 35f, 71f, 86, 87f Naso-orbitoethmoid complex, 24b Nasopharynx, 251f, 252f, 253f, 254f, 261f, 284f Navicular bone, 621, 622f, 623f, 625f, 626f, 628f, 714-720, 714f, 715-716f, 722f, 725f, 727f, 738f Neck anterior triangle muscles, 296, 296f, 297f, 299t cervical lymph nodes, 278, 278f, 279f, 279t esophagus, 234f, 251f, 252f, 253f, 261f, 266f, 268, 268f, 269f, 290f  Neck (Continued) fascial planes and spaces, 280, 280f larynx, 251f, 257f, 259f, 260-263, 260f, 261f, 266f pharynx See Pharynx posterior triangle muscles, 297, 299t surface landmarks of, 5f trachea, 234f, 251f, 253f, 257f, 258f, 260f, 261f, 268, 269f, 276f, 277f, 283f, 290f, 322f, 325, 325f, 351f, 352f, 360f, 362f, 365f vascular structures of, 300-306 carotid arteries See Common carotid artery; External carotid artery; Internal carotid artery vertebral arteries, 301f, 302f, 303, 303f, 304f Nephron, 446, 450f Neurohypophysis, 113 Nucleus ambiguus, 169f Nucleus pulposus, 177f, 178f, 191f O Oblique fissure, 316f Oblique plane, 2, 2f Oblique popliteal ligament, 700f, 704f Oblique sinus, 335f, 335t Obliquus capitis inferior muscle, 207f, 293f Obliquus capitis superior muscle, 207f Obturator artery, 555f, 746f Obturator externus bursa, 660f Obturator externus muscle, 406t, 506f, 507, 507f, 509f, 511f, 512f, 516f, 522f, 523f, 526f, 531f, 534f, 541f, 656f, 657f, 662f, 663f, 665f, 668, 670f, 671f, 671t, 679f Obturator foramen, 495-497, 496f, 499f, 500f, 503f, 659f Obturator internus muscle, 239f, 240f, 406t, 505f, 506f, 507, 507f, 509f, 511f, 512f, 514f, 516f, 520f, 522f, 523f, 524f, 526f, 531f, 534f, 541f, 542f, 546f, 554f, 562f, 656f, 657f, 662f, 665f, 668, 669f, 670f, 671f, 671t, 678f, 748f, 749f Obturator nerve, 237f, 754, 754f Occipital artery, 286f Occipital bone, 16f, 17f, 19f, 2932, 29f, 35f, 43f, 47f, 52f, 56f, 181f, 254f Occipital condyle, 29-32, 29f, 36f, 43f, 143f, 171f, 180f, 181f, 182f, 195f, 196f, 230f Occipital horn, of lateral ventricle, 93, 93f, 94f, 95f, 99f, 107f, 111f, 116f, 129f, 160f Occipital lobe, 103f, 108, 108f, 109f, 116f, 118f Occipital sinus, 147f Occipital vein, 305f Occipitomastoid process, 17f Occipitomastoid suture, 16f, 19f, 20f, 40f, 46, 46f, 47f, 50f Oculomotor nerve, 120f, 151f, 152f, 153f, 161, 161f, 162f, 163f Odontoid process, 29f, 179f, 180f, 181f, 182f, 194f, 197f, 233f, 235f, 254f, 271f, 284f Off-axis cardiac imaging, 377-379, 377f, 378f, 379f, 380f, 381f, 382f, 383f, 384f, 385f Olecranon bursa, 605, 605f Olecranon fossa, 569f, 601f, 603, 605f Olecranon process, 604, 605f, 609f, 610f, 618f Index Olfactory bulb, 91f, 117f, 158f Olfactory nerve, 157f, 157t, 158, 158f, 159f Olfactory tracts, 117, 119f, 158f Olive, 124-126, 126f, 127f, 169f, 170f Omohyoid muscle, 289f, 296f, 297f, 299t Ophthalmic artery, 81, 84f, 85f, 131, 132f, 135f, 135t, 140-141f, 141f, 151f Ophthalmic nerve, 157t Ophthalmic veins, 147 Opponens digiti minimi muscle, 632f, 641, 643f Opponens pollicis muscle, 640-641, 642f, 643f, 644f Optic canal, 16f, 25-27, 28t, 53f, 72f, 75, 76f, 77f, 78f Optic chiasm, 113f, 115f, 119f, 133f, 158b, 159-160, 161f Optic foramen, 51f Optic nerve, 81, 83f, 84f, 85f, 91f, 114f, 119f, 151f, 152f, 157t, 159-160, 159f, 161f Optic radiations, 109f, 159-160, 160f Optic strut, 16f, 25-27, 72f, 75, 76f, 78f Optic tract, 97f, 118f, 119f, 123f, 140-141f, 160f Oral cavity, 251f Orbicularis oculi muscle, 298f Orbicularis oris muscle, 298f Orbit anatomy of, 74f axial computed tomography of, 80f, 82f axial magnetic resonance imaging of, 82f axial view of, 79f, 80f blowout fracture of, 79b bony, 75, 76f floor of, 75, 76f lateral wall of, 75, 76f magnetic resonance imaging of, 80f, 82f, 83f roof of, 75, 76f sagittal view of, 53f, 83f soft tissue structures of, 79 Orbital fissure, 75 Orbital plate, 20, 22f, 24f, 53f, 74f, 77f, 87f Orbitofrontal artery, 131, 134f Oropharynx, 251, 251f, 252f, 253f, 255f, 256f, 258f, 261f, 264f, 274f, 276f, 285f, 293f, 294f Os coxae, 495-497, 498f, 499f, 500f Ossicles, 37-39 Osteomeatal unit, 74-75, 74f Oval window, 37f, 40, 44f Ovarian artery, 485f, 551f, 558f Ovarian ligament, 526f, 528f, 531-533 Ovarian vein, 485f, 558f Ovary, 518f, 520f, 521f, 525f, 526f, 528f, 530f, 531-533, 531f, 532f P Palatine bones, 52, 53f, 55f, 77f Palatine process, 52-55, 54f, 55f Palatine tonsils, 251, 251f, 252f, 258f, 286f, 293f Palatoglossus muscle, 291, 292t Palatopharyngeus muscle, 255f, 256f, 264f, 274f, 285f, 291, 292t, 293f Palmar, 4t Palmar carpal arch, 646-650, 647f, 650f Palmar digital artery, 638f Palmar digital nerve, 638f Palmar interosseous muscle, 636f, 640, 642f, 643f, 644f Palmar ligament, 636f, 638f Palmar metacarpal artery, 648f Palmar radioulnar ligament, 630-631, 630f Palmaris longus muscle, 606f, 611t, 612, 612f, 614f, 617f, 642f Pampiniform plexus, 536f, 537f, 539 Pancreas, 399f, 400f, 403f, 404f, 407f, 413f, 416f, 417f, 419f, 420f, 421f, 423f, 424f, 431f, 434f, 436f, 437, 437f, 438f, 439f, 440f, 444f, 456f, 461f, 480f, 487f Pancreatic duct, 431f, 432f, 440f Pancreatic tail, 437, 440f, 445f Papillary muscle, 336-337, 336f, 341f, 343f, 348f, 374f, 380f, 381f Paracolic gutters, 406, 408f, 409t Paracolic space, 405f Parahippocampal gyrus, 104f, 108, 117, 117f Paranasal sinuses, 68-75 drainage of, 70t ethmoid sinus See Ethmoid sinus frontal sinus See Frontal sinus maxillary sinus See Maxillary sinus sphenoid sinus See Sphenoid sinus Parapharyngeal space, 280f, 285f Paraplegia, 237b Pararenal fat, 447f Pararenal space, 409t, 410, 410f Parathyroid gland, 260f, 276, 276f Parietal bone, 17f, 19-20, 19f, 26f Parietal eminence, 17f, 19-20, 20f Parietal lobe, 103f, 108, 108f, 109f, 148f Parietal pericardium, 333, 333f Parietal peritoneum, 398, 398f, 400f Parietal pleura, 312, 312f Parietooccipital artery, 134f Parietomastoid suture, 16f, 17f, 20f, 46, 46f Parkinson’s disease, 124b Parotid duct, 270, 270f Parotid gland, 233f, 252f, 254f, 258f, 270, 270f, 271f, 272f, 281f, 285f, 286f, 293f Parotid space, 285f Patella, 672f, 673f, 682f, 683f, 686f, 687f, 688, 688f, 701f Patellar ligament, 672-677, 672f, 673f, 683f, 685f, 686f, 687f, 690f, 693f, 695, 699f, 702f, 705f, 708f, 711f Patellar retinaculum, 683f, 692f, 693f, 695, 702f, 752f Patellofemoral joint, 683f, 688, 688f, 701f Pectineal line, 495, 496f, 500f, 503f, 656, 659f Pectineus muscle, 208f, 507f, 512f, 516f, 522f, 534f, 540f, 541f, 549f, 671f, 672f, 673f, 678681, 678f, 679f, 681t, 748f, 749f Pectoralis major muscle, 236f, 365f, 390f, 394, 395t, 492f, 584f, 593-594, 593f, 594t, 597f, 649f Pectoralis minor muscle, 365f, 390f, 394, 395t, 584f, 593-594, 594t, 597f, 649f Pedicle, 174f, 185f, 189f, 190f Pelvic brim, 500f, 503, 503f, 504f Pelvic cavity, 507f Pelvic diaphragm, 531f Pelvic inlet, 503, 503f, 504f Pelvic outlet, 503, 503f, 504f Pelvic wall muscles, 406t, 507 763 Pelvis anatomy of, 6-7, 500f, 503, 503f, 504f arteries of, 550, 550f, 551f, 552f bony See Bony pelvis muscles of, 505-515, 507f, 518f, 519f, 520f venous drainage of, 558-560, 558f, 559-560f Pelvis spaces, 534, 534f Penile urethra, 513f, 517, 519f, 535f, 547f, 548f Penis, 519f, 535f, 536f, 537f, 539f, 547, 547f, 548f, 549f Perforating arteries, 746 Periaqueductal gray matter, 121f, 122f, 123f, 124 Pericallosal artery, 131, 134f Pericardial cavity, 333, 333f Pericardial recesses, 335f, 335t Pericardial sinuses, 335f, 335t Pericardium, 333, 333f, 334f, 335f, 338f, 339f, 347f Perimetrium, 525-526, 526f, 530f Perineal body, 513f, 515b, 515f, 549f Perineal flexure, 523 Perineal membrane, 515 Perineum, 515, 515f, 516f Perirenal fat, 442-443, 443f, 445f, 446, 447f, 450f, 451f Perirenal space, 409t, 410, 410f, 411f Peritoneal cavity, 400f Peritoneal ligaments, 402, 402f, 406t, 528f Peritoneal space, 400f, 406, 406f, 407f, 408f, 409t Peritoneum, 398-402, 398f, 399f, 400f, 401f, 402f, 403f, 520f Peritonitis, 402b Perivertebral space, 286f Peroneal artery, 747, 751f Peroneal nerve, 237f, 239, 754f Peroneal retinaculum, 728 Peroneal trochlea, 717f Peroneus brevis muscle, 687f, 708f, 709f, 710, 710f, 712f, 713f, 713t, 729f, 731f, 733f, 742 Peroneus brevis tendon, 732f, 734f, 736f, 737f, 738f Peroneus fibularis muscle, 691f Peroneus longus muscle, 686f, 697f, 705f, 708f, 709f, 710, 710f, 713f, 713t, 729f, 731f, 733f, 739f, 742 Peroneus longus tendon, 687f, 732f, 734f, 736f, 737f, 738f, 739f, 743f Peroneus tertius muscle, 705f, 707-710, 713t Perpendicular plate of ethmoid, 21f, 23-24, 24f, 51f, 54f, 87f of palatine bone, 71f Petro-occipital fissure, 32-34, 35f Petrosal nerve, 25-27 Petrosal sinuses, 147, 151f Phalanges of foot, 715-716f, 716f, 720, 731f of hand, 621 Pharyngeal artery, 284f Pharyngeal constrictor muscle, 285f, 287f Pharyngeal mucosal space, 285f, 286f Pharyngeal muscles, 291, 291f, 292t, 293f, 294f Pharyngeal tonsils, 251, 251f, 252f, 253f, 261f, 294f Pharynx, 251, 251f, 253f See also Laryngopharynx; Nasopharynx; Oropharynx 764 Index Phrenic nerve, 229, 229b, 231f, 282f Phrenicocolic ligament, 405f, 406f Pia mater, 90, 210-211, 213f, 222f Pineal gland, 105f, 111f, 113, 113f, 114f, 116f, 120f, 121f, 122f, 127f, 154f Piriform sinus, 251, 252f, 257f, 258f, 259f, 262f Piriformis muscle, 208f, 237f, 239f, 240f, 406t, 506f, 507, 507f, 514f, 534f, 663f, 668, 668f, 669f, 670f, 671t Pisiform bone, 621, 622f, 623f, 624f, 625f, 626f, 628f, 635f, 643f, 644f Pituitary gland, 31f, 69f, 112f, 113, 115f, 116f, 125f, 126f, 151f, 152f, 153f, 154f, 158f, 159f, 162f Pixel, 10f Plantar, 4t Plantar artery, 749f, 751f Plantar fascia, 728, 737f, 738f, 739f Plantar ligament, 733f Plantar plate, 740, 740f Plantaris muscle, 693f, 694f, 698f, 702f, 703f, 704f, 711-712, 712f, 713t Plantaris tendon, 687f, 731f Platysma muscle, 257f, 259f, 262f, 274f, 287f, 288f, 289f, 295f, 296f, 298f, 299t Pleura, 312, 312f Pleural cavities, 312 Pleural effusion, 312f Pons, 31f, 97f, 101f, 103f, 113, 119f, 124, 124f, 125f, 126f, 128f, 151f, 164f, 167f, 219f Pontine artery, 142f, 143f, 146f Popliteal artery, 6f, 676f, 683f, 685f, 693f, 701f, 702f, 703f, 708f, 747, 747f, 751f, 752f Popliteal ligament, 695, 695f, 698f Popliteal vein, 6f, 676f, 685f, 693f, 699f, 701f, 702f, 703f, 708f, 753, 753f Popliteofibular ligament, 694f, 696f Popliteus bursa, 704, 705f Popliteus muscle, 691f, 692f, 696f, 699f, 700f, 703f, 708f, 710f, 711f, 712, 712f, 713f, 713t Popliteus tendon, 698f Porta hepatis, 412f, 413, 422 Portal hepatic system, 422, 422f, 423f, 424f, 425f Portal hypertension, 422b Portal splenic confluence, 437 Portal vein, 6f, 398f, 412f, 414f, 415f, 416f, 420f, 421f, 422, 422f, 423f, 424f, 425f, 427f, 430f, 431f, 434f, 435f, 436f, 440f, 461f, 478f Postcaval recess, 335f Postcentral gyrus, 102-103, 103f, 108f Posterior, 4t Posterior abdominal wall, 447f Posterior atlantooccipital membrane, 193-197, 194f, 195f Posterior cardiac vein, 376 Posterior cecal artery, 482f Posterior central vein, 246 Posterior cerebral artery, 100f, 101f, 131-139, 132f, 134f, 135f, 136f, 137f, 139t, 140-141f, 142f, 143f, 144f, 146f, 146t, 162f, 242f Posterior cervical space, 287f, 290f Posterior clinoid process, 25-27, 25f, 26f, 36f Posterior commissure, 105-108, 105f, 107f, 109f, 113f, 116f, 119f Posterior communicating artery, 131-139, 140-141f, 141f, 142f, 144f Posterior cranial fossa, 16, 18f, 20t Posterior cricoarytenoid muscle, 262f, 265f Posterior cruciate ligament, 685f, 686f, 689f, 690f, 691f, 693f, 695, 696f, 697f, 699f, 702f, 703f, 711f Posterior digastric muscle, 252f Posterior external plexus, 246 Posterior external venous plexus, 247f Posterior fat pad, 603f, 605f, 607f, 618f Posterior femoral cutaneous nerve, 237f Posterior fontanel, 49, 50f Posterior humeral circumflex artery, 587f, 599f Posterior inferior cerebellar artery, 132f, 134f, 136f, 140-141f, 142f, 143f, 146t, 242f Posterior inferior iliac spine, 499f, 500f Posterior intercostal vein, 386f Posterior internal venous plexus, 247f Posterior interosseous artery, 646, 647f Posterior interventricular artery, 350f, 368-369, 368f Posterior interventricular groove, 336, 337f, 350f Posterior longitudinal ligament, 191f, 194f, 195f, 197-201, 197f, 198f, 199f, 200f, 227f, 247f Posterior median fissure, 124-126, 126f Posterior median vein, 246, 246f Posterior mediastinum, 322f, 322t Posterior meniscofemoral ligament, 690 Posterior pararenal space, 409t, 410, 410f, 411f Posterior pericardial recess, 335t Posterior pericardium, 322f Posterior plexiform network, 244f Posterior radicular artery, 241, 244f Posterior radicular vein, 246, 246f Posterior scalene muscle, 233f, 234f, 269f, 282f, 287f, 290f, 297, 297f, 299t Posterior segmental bronchus, 318f, 319f, 321f Posterior spinal artery, 241, 244f Posterior superior iliac spine, 204f, 499f, 500f Posterior superior pancreaticoduodenal artery, 437f, 477f, 478f Posterior thecal sac, 184f Posterior tibial artery, 6f, 708f, 709f, 732f, 747, 749f, 751f Posterior tibial vein, 708f, 709f, 732f, 753 Posterior triangle muscles, 297, 299t Posterior ulnar recurrent artery, 646 Posterolateral fontanel, 49, 50f Pouch of Douglas, 518f, 525f, 528f, 529f, 533, 534f Preaortic lymph nodes, 561f Precentral gyrus, 102-103, 103f, 108f Pre-epiglottic space, 261f Prepatellar bursa, 704 Prepontine cistern, 98f, 100-102, 101f, 116f, 125f Prepuce, 547f Presacral space, 534f Prevertebral space, 280f Profunda brachial artery, 598f Profunda brachii artery, 645-646f Profunda femoris artery, 674f, 746, 746f, 747f, 748f, 749f, 753f Pronator quadratus muscle, 611t, 612f, 619, 619f, 629f, 635f Pronator teres muscle, 606f, 607f, 608f, 609f, 610f, 611t, 612, 612f, 614f, 615f, 617f, 618f Proper hepatic artery, 426, 426f Proper palmar digital artery, 648f Prostate cancer, 544b Prostate gland, 511f, 512f, 513f, 516f, 539f, 543f, 544, 544f, 545f, 546f Prostatic urethra, 512f, 517, 519f, 535f, 544f, 546f, 547f Proximal, 4t Proximal interphalangeal joint, 622f, 636f, 715-716f Proximal radioulnar joint, 602f Proximal radius, 603, 603f Prussak space, 37f, 39-40, 41f, 44f Psoas major muscle, 207, 208f, 209f, 216f, 221f, 223f, 237f, 238f, 248f, 405f, 448f, 450f, 490-493, 490f, 491f, 493f, 496f, 505, 507f, 532f, 670f, 672-677, 681t Psoas minor muscle, 207, 208f, 209f, 216f, 221f, 223f, 238f, 248f, 405f, 448f, 450f, 490-493, 490f, 491f, 493f, 496f, 505, 532f, 670f Pterion, 16f, 17f, 20f, 46f, 48b Pterygoid canal, 25-27, 27f, 28f, 28t, 78f Pterygoid hamulus, 25-27, 25f, 27f, 28f, 291f Pterygoid muscles, 65, 65f, 67f Pterygoid plates, 25-27, 25f, 27f, 29f, 53f, 56f, 77f Pterygoid process, 25-27, 28f, 30f, 35f, 52f, 56f, 71f, 78f Pterygoid venous plexus, 305f Pterygomaxillary fissure, 35f, 56f Pterygopalatine fossa, 30f, 32f, 52, 53f, 71f, 72f, 77f, 78f Pubic arch, 515f Pubic bone, 516f Pubic symphysis, 495, 496f, 502f, 503f, 504f, 512f, 513f, 515f, 516f, 518f, 519f, 522f, 525f, 534f, 535f, 537f, 541f, 548f, 659f Pubic tubercle, 208f Pubis, 495, 501f, 510f, 655 Pubofemoral ligament, 660-666, 665f Puboprostatic ligament, 517 Pubovesical ligament, 517, 534f Pudendal artery, 550f, 555f, 749f Pudendal nerve, 237f Pulmonary artery, 6f, 321f, 322f, 332f, 346f, 354f Pulmonary embolism, 358b Pulmonary ligament, 316f, 360f, 361f Pulmonary semilunar valve, 332f, 346, 347f, 372f, 385f Pulmonary sinus, 346, 351f Pulmonary trunk, 309f, 315f, 317f, 323f, 324f, 332f, 335f, 337f, 338f, 344f, 346, 347f, 348f, 349f, 351f, 355f, 357f, 358f, 359f, 361f, 370f, 371f, 372f, 373f, 378f, 380f, 381f, 382f, 383f, 384f, 385f, 463f Pulmonary veins, 6f, 231f, 321f, 323f, 337f, 346, 346f, 349f, 354f, 383f Putamen, 104f, 110, 111f Pyloric antrum, 453, 457f Pyloric sphincter, 453, 453f, 454f, 457f Pyramids, 124-126, 126f, 127f Q Quadrants of abdomen, 6, 7, 8f, 8t Quadrate ligament, 607 Quadrate lobe, 415f Quadratus femoris muscle, 241f, 509f, 540f, 554f, 663f, 668, 668f, 671t, 679f, 680f, 748f, 749f Quadratus lumborum muscle, 207, 207f, 208f, 209f, 490-493, 491f, 492f, 493t, 672f Quadratus plantae muscle, 733f, 734f, 736f, 737f, 738f, 739f, 742-744, 745t Quadriceps femoris, 672-677, 672f, 673f, 681t, 705f Quadriceps tendon, 672-677, 686f, 698f, 701f, 752f Quadrigeminal cistern, 100f, 102, 123f, 137f, 145f, 162f Quadriplegia, 237b R Radial artery, 6f, 616f, 645-646f, 646, 647f, 648f, 649f, 650f, 653f Radial collateral ligament, 608f, 609f, 617f Radial dorsal tubercle, 603-604 Radial groove, 569f, 601f Radial head, 601f, 602f, 603, 603f, 608f, 610f, 617f, 618f Radial neck, 601f, 602f, 603 Radial nerve, 232, 232f, 597f, 598f, 634f, 652f Radial notch, 604, 610f Radial recurrent artery, 645-646f, 646 Radial tuberosity, 601f, 602f, 603, 609f, 617f Radial veins, 246f, 649f Radicular arteries, 244f Radicular vessels, 216f Radiocarpal joints, 626f, 627f, 629f Radiolunate ligament, 630f Radioscaphocapitate ligament, 629f, 630f Radioulnar articulation, 600, 601f Radius, 602f, 603-604, 603f, 623f, 627f, 635f Ray tracing, 9, 12f Rectal ampulla, 523, 523f Rectal folds, 523 Rectouterine pouch, 518f, 525f, 528f, 529f, 533, 534f Rectovesical pouch, 535f, 546f Rectum, 400f, 402f, 459f, 465f, 510f, 511f, 513f, 516f, 518f, 519f, 521f, 522f, 523, 523f, 524f, 525f, 527f, 531f, 533f, 534f, 535f, 537f, 540f, 542f, 543f, 544f, 549f Rectus abdominis muscle, 490-493, 491f, 492f, 493t, 496f, 505, 506f, 508f, 522f, 540f, 553f, 554f, 669f, 670f Rectus capitis anterior muscle, 284f Rectus capitis lateralis muscle, 291f Rectus capitis posterior major muscle, 207f Rectus capitis posterior minor muscle, 207f Rectus femoris muscle, 241f, 509f, 540f, 541f, 562f, 656f, 661f, 669f, 671f, 680f, 749f Rectus muscles, 79f, 81f, 83, 84f, 85f, 161f Red nucleus, 122f, 123f, 124 Red pulp, 441, 442f Regional terminology, 4t, 5f Renal agenesis, 449b Renal artery, 6f, 245f, 468f, 470, 471f, 472f, 483f, 550f Renal artery stenosis, 470b Renal cortex, 446, 447f, 448f, 449f, 450f, 451f  Renal fascia, 410, 410f, 411f, 442f, 446-449, 450f, 451f Renal hilum, 451f Renal impression, 412f Renal medulla, 446, 450f Renal papilla, 449f Renal pelvis, 447f, 448f, 450f, 451f, 452f Renal pyramids, 446, 447f, 448f, 449f, 450f Renal vein, 6f, 442f, 446f, 487, 487f, 559-560f Respiratory muscles, 389 Rete testis, 537, 537f Reticular formation, 121f Retina, 79 Retromandibular vein, 271f, 284f, 285f, 286f, 305, 305f Retro-orbital fat, 79f, 80f, 81, 82f, 83f, 84f, 85f Retroperitoneal space, 409t, 410, 410f Retroperitoneum, 398f, 399f, 410, 456f Retropharyngeal nodes, 279t Retropharyngeal space, 259f, 283f, 287f, 289f Retropubic space, 512f, 513f, 519f, 522f, 525f, 533, 534f, 543f, 546f, 548f Rhomboid major muscle, 582f, 584f, 585t Rhomboid minor muscle, 582f, 584f, 585t Rhomboid muscle, 298f, 390f Ribs, 230f, 308, 308f, 310f, 311f Right adrenal gland, 419f, 442-443, 442f, 443f, 444f, 448f, 479f Right aortic sinus, 348f, 371f Right atrial appendage, 359f Right atrioventricular valve, 346 Right atrium, 309f, 310f, 332f, 337f, 338f, 339f, 340f, 341f, 342f, 344f, 345f, 347f, 348f, 349f, 350f, 354f, 359f, 360f, 362, 362f, 368f, 369f, 370f, 371f, 373f, 375f, 376f, 378f, 379f, 380f, 381f, 382f, 384f, 387f, 425f, 463f Right auricle, 336-337, 337f, 349f Right brachiocephalic artery, 365f Right brachiocephalic trunk, 364f Right brachiocephalic vein, 300f, 323f, 325f, 349f, 350f, 363f, 365f, 366f, 367f, 368f, 376f Right bundle branch, 336f Right cardiac vein, 376 Right colic artery, 477-478, 482f Right colic flexure, 459f, 462f Right common carotid artery, 300, 301f, 302f, 303t, 356f, 363, 363f, 364f, 366f, 368f Right common iliac artery, 472f, 482f, 551f Right coronary artery, 344f, 349f, 350f, 359f, 368-369, 369f, 370f, 371f, 373f, 374f, 375f, 379f, 381f, 384f Right coronary sinus, 370f Right crus of diaphragm, 330f Right descending pulmonary artery, 356f, 357f Right external carotid artery, 301f Right external iliac artery, 520f Right facial artery, 301f Right gastric artery, 426f, 477 Right gastric vein, 559-560f Right gastroduodenal artery, 476f, 477f Right gastroepiploic artery, 474f, 477 Right gonadal artery, 473f, 476f, 483f Right gonadal vein, 487 Index Right hepatic artery, 426-427, 426f, 427f, 428f, 469f, 474f, 477f, 478f Right hepatic duct, 431f, 433f, 435f Right hepatic vein, 416f, 417f, 418f, 419f, 422f, 425f, 426-427, 429f, 430f Right horizontal fissure, 319f Right inferior lobe, 310f, 314f, 315f, 318f, 319f, 360f Right inferior lobe bronchus, 319f Right inferior phrenic artery, 470, 472f Right inferior phrenic vein, 485, 485f Right inferior pulmonary vein, 310f, 339f, 340f, 349-358, 356f, 357f, 359f, 360f, 370f Right inferior thyroid artery, 301f Right infracolic space, 406f, 408f Right inguinal ligament, 468f Right internal carotid artery, 301f Right internal jugular vein, 329f, 363f, 366f, 367f Right internal thoracic artery, 301f Right internal thoracic vein, 376f Right jugular trunk, 329f Right kidney, 411f, 434f, 443f, 445f Right lower quadrant, 7, 8f, 8t Right lymphatic duct, 329, 329f Right mainstem artery, 316f Right mainstem bronchus, 315f, 317f, 318f, 319f, 353f, 355f, 387f Right marginal artery, 349f Right mediastinum, 360f Right middle lobe bronchus, 319f Right oblique fissure, 314f, 315f, 318f Right ovary, 402f Right paracolic gutter, 406f, 408f, 409t Right perirenal space, 409t, 411f Right phrenic nerve, 231f Right pleural cavity, 312f Right portal vein, 416f, 419f, 420f, 421f, 559-560f Right principal bronchus, 316f, 360f Right pulmonary artery, 309f, 315f, 317f, 344f, 345f, 346, 350f, 353f, 354f, 355f, 356f, 357f, 358f, 360f, 362f, 366f, 376f, 383f Right pulmonary vein, 338f, 376f Right pulmonary venous recess, 335f Right pulmonic recess, 335f, 335t Right renal artery, 468f, 469f, 471f, 472f, 476f, 482f, 483f, 550f, 556f Right renal vein, 485f, 487, 487f, 558f Right subclavian artery, 301f, 363, 363f, 364f, 366f, 368f Right subclavian trunk, 329f Right subclavian vein, 233f, 329f, 363f, 367f Right subhepatic space, 401f, 405f, 406f, 407f, 408f, 409t Right subphrenic space, 406f, 407f, 408f, 409t Right superior lobe, 314f, 315f, 318f, 319f, 354f Right superior lobe bronchus, 319f, 358f Right superior pulmonary vein, 349-358, 356f, 358f, 360f, 370f, 372f Right suprarenal artery, 468f Right triangular ligament, 412, 412f Right upper quadrant, 7, 8f, 8t Right ureter, 452f Right vagus nerve, 231f Right ventricle, 309f, 310f, 334f, 336-337, 336f, 337f, 338f, 339f, 340f, 341f, 342f, 343f, 345f, 347f, 349f, 350f, 351f, 353f, 360f, 361f, 362, 362f, 368f, 369f, 370f, 371f, 373f, 374f, 375f, 378f, 379f, 380f, 381f, 382f, 383f, 384f, 385f, 418f, 463f Right ventricular outflow tract, 344f, 377-379, 380f, 383f, 384f, 463f Right vertebral artery, 233f, 284f, 285f, 301f Rivinus’s ducts, 270 Rostral, 4t Rotator cuff, 590 Rotator cuff muscles, 592f Rotatores muscle, 201t, 205f, 207f Round ligament of uterus, 402, 406f, 412f, 413, 436f, 527f, 528, 528f, 531f, 534f Round window, 37f, 39f, 40, 44f, 166f Rugae, 453f, 455f S Saccular duct, 39f Sacral ala, 452f Sacral flexure, 518f, 523 Sacral foramina, 187f, 191-193, 191f, 192f, 495, 496f, 497f, 659f Sacral ligament, 191f Sacral nerve root sleeve, 225f, 239f Sacral nerves, 210f, 225f, 497f Sacral promontory, 187f, 188-189f, 192f, 193f, 216f, 398f, 495, 497f, 498f, 504f, 659f Sacroiliac joint, 191-193, 192f, 193f, 208f, 225f, 238f, 239f, 495, 496f, 497f, 498f, 503f, 508f, 552f, 553f, 659f Sacrospinous ligament, 542f, 748f Sacrotuberous ligament, 511f, 515f Sacrum, 187f, 188-189f, 191-193, 191f, 192f, 204f, 223f, 225f, 238f, 239f, 242f, 495-497, 496f, 497f, 498f, 499f, 504f, 514f, 519f Sagittal plane, 2, 2f Sagittal suture, 46, 49f Salivary glands, 270, 270f, 271f, 272f, 273f, 274f, 275f parotid gland, 233f, 252f, 254f, 258f, 270, 270f, 271f, 272f, 285f, 286f, 293f sublingual glands, 270, 270f, 275f, 294f, 295f submandibular glands, 252f, 255f, 256f, 257f, 264f, 270, 270f, 273f, 274f, 278f, 287f, 288f Salpingopharyngeus muscle, 291, 292t Saphenous nerve, 237, 237f, 674f, 754, 754f Saphenous vein, 6f, 685f Sartorius muscle, 507f, 509f, 538f, 540f, 541f, 554f, 561f, 562f, 656f, 661f, 670f, 671f, 672-677, 672f, 677f, 678f, 681t, 683f, 685f, 691f, 701f, 702f, 703f, 712f, 748f, 752f Scala tympani, 39f Scala vestibuli, 39f Scaphoid bone, 621, 622f, 623f, 624f, 625f, 626f, 628f, 629f, 634f, 635f, 644f Scapholunate ligament, 629f, 634f Scapula, 298f, 365f, 565-567, 566f, 582f, 590 Scapular notch, 564-565, 564f, 567f 765 Scapular spine, 575f, 577f, 583f, 585f Sciatic nerve, 237f, 239, 240f, 241f, 562f, 656f, 661f, 676f, 748f, 754 Scrotal septum, 536f Scrotum, 519f, 535-536, 536f, 538f, 540f Secondary pulmonary lobule, 318, 321f Segmental artery, 238f, 241, 244f Segmental bronchi, 318, 321f Segmental pulmonary veins, 321f Sella turcica, 18f, 19f, 25-27, 25f, 26f, 31f, 53f, 72, 77f Semicircular canals, 33f, 36f, 37f, 38f, 40, 40f, 43f, 166f, 167f Semicircular duct, 33f Semilunar hiatus, 74-75, 74f, 75f Semilunar valves, 346 Semimembranosus bursae, 704 Semimembranosus muscle, 668f, 674f, 676f, 678-681, 679f, 680f, 681t, 691f, 692f, 699f, 700f, 701f, 712f Semimembranosus tendon, 549f, 676f, 683f, 693f, 700f, 701f, 703f, 705f Seminal vesicle, 513f, 519f, 523f, 535f, 542, 542f, 543f, 546f Seminiferous tubules, 537f Semispinalis capitis muscle, 202f, 203f, 204f, 205f, 207, 207f, 234f, 255f, 256f, 259f, 262f, 274f, 281f, 282f, 284f, 285f, 286f, 287f, 288f, 289f Semispinalis cervicis muscle, 203f, 205f, 207, 256f, 259f, 282f, 283f, 286f, 287f, 288f Semispinalis thoracis muscle, 206f, 207 Semitendinosus muscle, 239f, 538f, 549f, 668f, 674f, 676f, 678-681, 679f, 680f, 681t, 712f Semitendinosus tendon, 683f, 700f, 701f, 703f, 708f Septal pulmonary vein, 321f Septal vein, 156f Septum pellucidum, 93, 93b, 95f, 99f, 106f, 112f, 117f Serous pericardium, 333 Serratus anterior muscle, 236f, 298f, 390f, 392f, 394, 395t, 492f, 593-594, 593f, 594t, 597f Serratus posterior inferior muscle, 389, 389t, 390f, 391f Serratus posterior superior muscle, 389, 389t, 390f, 391f Shaded surface display, 12, 13f Shingles, 211b Short axis view, 377-379, 377f, 380f, 381f, 382f Shoulder, 564-600 arterial supply of, 646-650 articular joint capsule of, 580-581, 580f bony anatomy of, 564-568, 564f, 565f, 566f, 567f, 568f bursae of, 581, 581f clavicle, 236f, 273f, 310f, 326f, 328f, 332f, 348f, 366f, 564-565, 564f, 573f humerus, 568, 568f, 569f, 570f, 595f, 596f, 597f, 598f, 599f, 601f labrum of, 569f, 571-572, 571f, 573f, 574f, 576f, 577f, 580f ligaments of, 571-572, 571f, 572f, 573f, 574f, 575f, 576f, 577f, 578f, 579f, 580f muscles of, 582-595, 582f, 583f, 584f, 585f, 586f, 587f, 588f, 589f, 591f, 592f, 593f, 594f, 595f, 596f, 597f, 598f, 599f, 600, 600f 766 Index Shoulder (Continued) tendons of, 582-595, 582f, 583f, 584f, 585f, 586f, 587f, 588f, 589f, 591f, 592f, 593f, 594f, 595f, 596f, 597f, 598f, 599f, 600, 600f venous drainage of, 650 Sigmoid artery, 483f, 484f Sigmoid colon, 402f, 462f, 463, 464f, 465f, 467f, 483f, 532f Sigmoid sinus, 32f, 33f, 40f, 147, 147f, 148f, 150f, 151f, 154f Sigmoid veins, 559-560f Sinoatrial node, 336f, 337 Sinus tarsi, 687f, 714-720, 716f, 718f, 722f, 724f, 727f, 737f Skull, 15f, 16f, 17f, 19f, 28t Small intestine, 400f, 413f, 447f, 458, 458f, 459f, 489f Snapping hip syndrome, 667b Soft palate, 251, 251f, 252f, 254f, 271f, 294f Soleal line, 682-688 Soleus muscle, 686f, 705f, 709f, 710f, 711, 711f, 712f, 713t, 735f Solitary tract nucleus, 169f Spermatic cord, 492f, 511f, 536f, 539, 540f, 541f, 543f, 549f, 553f Sphenoethmoidal recess, 72 Sphenofrontal suture, 16f, 17f, 19f, 20f, 46, 46f Sphenoid bone, 16f, 17f, 19f, 2527, 25f, 27f, 28f, 29f, 36f, 47f, 50f, 53f, 77f, 194f Sphenoid sinus, 19f, 21f, 23f, 2527, 26f, 28f, 30f, 31f, 35f, 36f, 58f, 69f, 72, 72f, 109f, 115f, 126f, 134f, 152f, 153f, 154f, 162f, 171f, 251f Sphenoparietal suture, 16f, 46, 46f Sphenosquamosal suture, 16f, 19f, 46, 46f, 47f, 50f Sphincter of Oddi, 431f, 432f, 433f Spinal artery, 238f, 241, 242f Spinal cord, 178f, 199f, 210-215, 290f cervical enlargement of, 226, 226f, 230f, 248f functions of, 215 gray matter of, 215 lumbosacral enlargement of, 226 nerve roots, 215 posterior view of, 224f thoracic, 227f veins of, 246, 246f white matter of, 215 Spinal meninges, 210-211, 210f, 213f, 224f Spinal muscles, 201-207, 201t deep layer of, 207, 207f, 208f, 209f intermediate layer of, 204, 204f, 205f, 206f superficial layer of, 201, 202f, 203f Spinal nerves, 215, 222f Spinalis capitis muscle, 201t Spinalis cervicis muscle, 201t, 202f, 282f Spinalis thoracis muscle, 201t, 206f Spine cervical, 184f, 194f, 214f, 235f See also Cervical vertebrae lateral view of, 173f ligaments of, 193-201, 194f, 195f, 196f, 197f, 198f, 199f, 200f lumbar, 187f, 188-189f, 198f, 220f, 223f plexuses of, 226-239 brachial, 229f, 230f, 232, 232f, 233f, 234f, 235f, 236f, 272f Spine (Continued) cervical, 229, 229f, 230f, 231f definition of, 229 description of, 226 lumbar, 229f, 237, 237f, 238f sacral, 229f, 239, 239f thoracic, 184f, 186f vasculature of, 241-246, 242f, 243f, 244f, 245f, 246f, 247f, 248f, 249f venous plexuses of, 246, 246f, 247f Spinoglenoid notch, 576f Spinous process, 174f, 175f, 177f, 181f, 182f, 183f, 184f, 185f, 188-189f, 189f, 190f, 194f, 197f, 203f, 206f, 207f, 208f, 214f, 220f, 221f, 227f, 231f bifid, 182f, 183f Spiral valves of Heister, 431-434, 432f Spleen, 330f, 398f, 399f, 403f, 404f, 405f, 407f, 411f, 413f, 414f, 417f, 418f, 419f, 420f, 423f, 425f, 429f, 430f, 439f, 440f, 441, 441f, 442f, 444f, 455f, 456f, 461f, 479f Splenial artery, 131 Splenic artery, 404f, 427f, 435f, 437f, 441, 442f, 468f, 469f, 472f, 474f, 475f, 476f, 477478, 477f, 478f, 479f, 482f, 484f, 485f, 550f, 556f Splenic flexure, 459f, 462-463, 465f, 467f Splenic recess, 404f, 405f Splenic vein, 403f, 404f, 422f, 423f, 424f, 437f, 441f, 445f, 461f, 479f, 489f, 559-560f Splenius capitis muscle, 201, 201t, 202f, 203f, 204f, 234f, 254f, 255f, 256f, 259f, 262f, 274f, 282f, 283f, 284f, 285f, 287f, 288f, 289f, 290f, 296f, 297, 297f, 299t Splenius cervicis muscle, 201, 201t, 202f, 204f, 299t Splenorenal ligament, 406t Spring ligament, 733f Squamous suture, 17f, 19f, 20f, 46, 46f, 47f, 48f, 50f SSD See Shaded surface display Stapes, 33f, 37f, 44f Stensen’s duct, 270 Sternal angle, 308, 308f, 309f Sternoclavicular joint, 301f, 308, 310f, 564, 564f, 565f Sternocleidomastoid muscle, 170f, 230f, 233f, 234f, 235f, 236f, 255f, 256f, 258f, 259f, 262f, 264f, 265f, 266f, 267f, 269f, 271f, 272f, 273f, 274f, 276f, 277f, 279f, 281f, 282f, 283f, 284f, 285f, 286f, 287f, 288f, 289f, 290f, 293f, 296, 296f, 297f, 298f, 299t Sternohyoid muscle, 259f, 262f, 265f, 266f, 277f, 282f, 283f, 288f, 289f, 290f, 296f, 297f, 299t Sternothyroid muscle, 277f, 282f, 290f, 294f, 299t Sternum, 309f, 310f, 324f, 325f, 351f, 365f, 382f Stomach, 173f, 398f, 399f, 402f, 403f, 404f, 405f, 407f, 411f, 413f, 414f, 415f, 416f, 417f, 418f, 419f, 420f, 429f, 438f, 439f, 441f, 444f, 445f, 447f, 453, 453f, 454f, 455f, 456f, 457f, 474f, 479f Straight sinus, 91f, 146f, 147f, 148f, 149f, 150f, 151f, 154f, 155f, 156f Styloglossus muscle, 291, 291f, 292t, 295f, 297f Stylohyoid ligament, 291f Stylohyoid muscle, 293f, 297f, 299t Styloid process of radius, 603-604, 623f of temporal bone, 16f, 19f, 30f, 32-34, 32f, 55f, 65f, 182f, 281f, 285f of ulna, 623f Stylomandibular ligament, 65f Stylomastoid foramen, 28t, 30f, 32-34, 34f, 36f, 43f, 166f Stylopharyngeus muscle, 252f, 271f, 291, 291f, 292t Subacromial-subdeltoid bursa, 581, 581f Subarachnoid hemorrhage, 102b Subarachnoid space, 90f, 98f, 100, 152f, 184f, 194f, 210-211, 211f, 213f, 214f, 222f, 224f, 226f, 228f Subclavian artery, 6f, 140-141f, 141f, 230f, 233f, 236f, 242f, 283f, 300f, 303f, 304f Subclavian vein, 6f, 233f, 236f, 283f, 300f, 305, 305f, 305t, 366, 583f, 649f, 650 Subclavius muscle, 310f, 395t, 583f, 593-594, 593f, 594t Subdural hematoma, 90b Subdural space, 90, 210-211, 213f, 224f Subepicardial fat, 333, 333f, 334f, 337f, 339f Subhepatic space, 406, 407f, 408f, 409t Sublingual duct, 270, 270f Sublingual gland, 270, 270f, 275f, 294f, 295f Submandibular duct, 270, 270f, 295f Submandibular gland, 252f, 255f, 256f, 257f, 264f, 270, 270f, 273f, 274f, 278f, 287f, 288f Submandibular space, 280f Submental vein, 305f Subphrenic space, 406, 407f, 409t Subscapular artery, 649f Subscapular bursa, 581, 581f Subscapular fossa, 564-565 Subscapular nerve, 232f Subscapularis muscle, 567f, 571f, 573f, 574f, 575f, 576f, 578f, 580f, 581f, 584f, 586f, 587f, 590, 590t, 591f, 597f, 649f Subscapularis tendon, 570f, 575f, 586f Substantia nigra, 122f, 123f, 124 Subtalar joint, 714-720, 716f, 719f, 721, 722f, 727f, 736f Superficial, 4t Superficial femoral artery, 6f Superficial inguinal ring, 536f Superficial palmar arch, 646-650, 653f Superficial temporal veins, 305f Superior, 4t Superior aortic recess, 335f Superior aortic sinus, 335t Superior aperture, 503 Superior articular process, 175f, 176f, 177f, 179f, 180f, 181f, 182f, 188-189f, 189f, 200f, 220f, 238f Superior cerebellar artery, 134f, 136f, 142f, 143f, 145f, 146f, 146t, 242f Superior cerebellar peduncle, 128f, 129f Superior colliculi, 114f, 120f, 121-124, 121f, 122f, 127f Superior constrictor muscle, 258f, 259f, 271f, 284f, 291, 291f, 292t, 293f Superior end plate, 188-189f Superior gemellus muscle, 656f, 661f, 663f, 668, 668f, 669f, 671t, 680f Superior gluteal artery, 551f, 557f Superior gluteal nerve, 237f Superior gluteal vein, 559-560f Superior infrarenal artery, 470, 470f Superior ischial ramus, 495-497, 499f, 500f Superior laryngeal artery, 301f Superior levator palpebrae muscle, 83f, 87f Superior lingular segmental bronchus, 321f Superior lobar bronchus, 360f Superior mediastinum, 322f, 322t Superior medullary velum, 96f Superior mesenteric artery, 6f, 245f, 401f, 416f, 421f, 422f, 434f, 437f, 438f, 439f, 440f, 442f, 451f, 460f, 462f, 465f, 468f, 470f, 472f, 478f, 479-481, 480f, 481f, 482f, 483f, 484f, 485f, 550f, 556f, 558f Superior mesenteric vein, 6f, 416f, 421f, 422f, 425f, 434f, 436f, 437f, 438f, 439f, 451f, 460f, 465f, 478f, 481f Superior nasal conchae, 23-24, 24f Superior nasal meatus, 58f, 69, 70f Superior nuchal line, 202f, 204f Superior oblique muscle, 86f, 291f Superior ophthalmic vein, 25-27, 81, 81f, 82f, 84f, 85f Superior orbital fissure, 16f, 17f, 25-27, 25f, 26f, 28t, 51f, 75, 76f, 78f Superior pancreaticoduodenal artery, 426f, 477f Superior petrosal sinus, 147f Superior pubic ramus, 452f, 495, 495f, 496f, 500f, 502f, 509f, 511f, 541f Superior rectal artery, 483, 483f, 484f, 551f Superior rectus muscle, 86f, 161f Superior sagittal sinus, 6f, 91f, 98f, 146f, 147f, 148f, 149f, 154f, 156f Superior semicircular canal, 167f Superior suprarenal artery, 442f Superior temporal gyrus, 104f, 106f, 108, 108f Superior thoracic artery, 645-646f Superior thyroid artery, 300f Superior thyroid notch, 260f Superior thyroid vein, 300f, 305f Superior vena cava, 6f, 276f, 300f, 315f, 317f, 319f, 323f, 326f, 328f, 335f, 337f, 338f, 346f, 348f, 349-358, 349f, 350f, 351f, 352f, 353f, 354f, 355f, 357f, 358f, 359f, 360f, 366, 367f, 368f, 369f, 370f, 372f, 383f, 384f, 386f, 387f Superior vertebral notch, 175f, 188-189f, 189f Supinator muscle, 603f, 611t, 612f, 614f, 615f, 617f, 620f, 621 Supraciliary arch, 17f Supraclavicular lymph nodes, 279t, 326b Supracolic compartment, 406, 406f Supracondylar line, 682 Supraglenoid notch, 585f Supraglenoid tubercle, 564-565, 566f, 568f Suprahyoid muscle, 273f, 296, 299t Suprahyoid region, 280 Supraorbital foramen, 16f, 28t Supraorbital notch, 20 Suprapatellar bursa, 689f, 704 Suprapatellar fold, 689f  Suprarenal artery, 442f, 470, 471f, 485f, 550f, 558f Suprarenal vein, 485f, 488 Suprascapular artery, 584f, 585f, 588f, 645-646f Suprascapular nerve, 232f, 584f, 585f, 588f Suprasellar cistern, 98f, 100f, 101f, 102, 106f, 114f, 115f, 118f, 137f, 145f Supraspinatus muscle, 236f, 570f, 571f, 573f, 574f, 575f, 579f, 582f, 583f, 585f, 587f, 589f, 590, 590t Supraspinatus tendon, 572f, 574f, 577f, 589f, 599f Supraspinous fossa, 564-565, 566f, 567f Supraspinous ligament, 191f, 193, 194f, 197f, 198f, 200f, 227f Sural artery, 747 Sural nerve, 754f Surgical neck, 565-567, 569f, 601f Suspensory ligaments of the breast, 395, 395f of the ovary, 526f, 528f, 530f, 531-533 of the penis, 544f of the uterus, 528 Sustentaculum tali, 714-720, 714f, 716f, 717f, 720f, 724f, 737f Sutures, 46-48, 48b See also specific suture Sylvian fissure, 100f, 102-103, 103f Symphysis mandible, 59f pubic, 495, 496f, 502f, 503f, 504f, 512f, 513f, 515f, 516f, 518f, 519f, 522f, 525f, 534f, 535f, 537f, 541f, 548f, 659f T T1, 310f T12, 311f Taenia coli, 462f Tail of Spence, 395, 395f Talocalcaneal ligament, 718f, 729-730f, 731f, 735f, 737f Talocalcaneonavicular joint, 716f, 718f, 719f, 721 Talocrural joint, 718f, 720f, 721, 724f, 736f Talofibular ligament, 687f, 721f, 736f, 737f Talonavicular joint, 731f, 732f Talus, 687f, 714-720, 714f, 715-716f, 716f, 717f, 718f, 719f, 720f, 721f, 724f, 727f, 735f, 737f Tarsal canal, 714-720, 718f, 722f, 727f, 735f, 737f Tarsal tunnel, 728, 728b Tarsals, 714-720, 714f Tarsometatarsal joint, 716f, 718f, 721, 722f, 731f Tectorial membrane, 193-197, 194f, 195f Tectum, 100f, 101f, 122f, 123f, 126f, 128f, 162f Tectumquadrigeminal plate, 121-124 Tegmen tympani, 45f Temporal bone, 16f, 17f, 18f, 19f, 20f, 28t, 32-34, 32f, 33f, 34f, 47f, 55f, 171f coronal view of, 34f sagittal computed tomography of, 34f Temporal horn, of lateral ventricle, 93, 93f, 94f, 96f, 97f, 119f, 124f Temporal lobe, 103f, 104f, 107f, 108f, 109f, 116f, 133f, 151f Temporal process, 51f, 52f, 53f, 56f, 61f Index Temporal veins, 305f Temporalis muscle, 65, 65f, 281f, 284f, 296f, 298f Temporomandibular joint, 62-65, 62f, 63f, 64f, 65f, 67f Tensor fasciae latae muscle, 208f, 506f, 509f, 540f, 562f, 656f, 661f, 670f, 671f, 672-677, 672f, 678f, 681t, 749f Tensor veli palatini muscle, 281f, 291f Tentorial notch, 90, 91f Tentorium cerebelli, 90, 91f, 92f, 97f, 98f, 99f, 126f, 128f, 129f, 151f, 152f, 162f Teres major muscle, 298f, 573f, 574f, 582f, 584f, 590, 590t, 591f, 597f Teres minor muscle, 298f, 567f, 572f, 573f, 578f, 582f, 584f, 586f, 587f, 589f, 590, 590t, 597f, 599f Teres minor tendon, 579f Terminal bronchiole, 321f Terminology, 2, 4t Tertiary bronchi, 318 Testes, 519f, 535f, 536f, 537, 537f, 538f Testicular artery, 485f, 536f, 541f, 558f Testicular vein, 485f, 536f, 558f Thalamostriate vein, 147, 147f, 154f, 155f, 156f Thalamus, 95f, 104f, 105f, 106f, 107f, 111f, 112f, 113, 119f, 120f, 125f, 128f, 154f, 158f, 160f Thecal sac, 191f, 200f, 210-211, 210f, 211f, 212f, 213f, 214f, 224f, 225f, 234f, 238f, 247f, 248f Thenar, 4t Thigh muscles, 678-682, 680f, 681t Third ventricle, 91f, 93, 93f, 94f, 105f, 106f, 107f, 116f, 119f, 123f, 125f, 154f Thoracic aorta, 346 Thoracic apertures, 308, 310f Thoracic cavity, 6, 7f, 7t Thoracic duct, 329, 329f, 330f, 488f Thoracic inlet, 308 Thoracic nerves, 210f, 224f Thoracic outlet, 308, 309f Thoracic outlet syndrome, 308b Thoracic spinal cord, 227f Thoracic spine, 172f Thoracic vertebrae, 175f, 199f, 205f, 210f, 242f, 309f, 310f, 330f, 351f, 353f, 386f Thoracoacromial trunk, 645-646f Thorax, 308, 308f, 309f, 310f, 311f, 389t 3D rendering, 12, 13f Thymus gland, 323, 323f, 324f Thyrocervical trunk, 300f, 301f Thyrohyoid membrane, 291f Thyrohyoid muscle, 257f, 259f, 262f, 265f, 288f, 289f, 296f Thyroid cartilage, 5f, 251f, 252f, 253f, 257f, 258f, 259f, 260263, 260f, 261f, 262f, 265f, 266f, 267f, 273f, 276f, 282f, 288f, 289f, 290f, 294f, 326f Thyroid gland, 234f, 253f, 258f, 261f, 266f, 269f, 273f, 276, 276f, 277f, 290f, 294f, 323f Tibia, 682-688, 685f, 686f, 687f, 692f, 694f, 696f, 708f, 709f, 711f, 735f Tibial artery, 6f, 708f, 709f, 732f, 747, 749f, 751f Tibial collateral ligament, 703f Tibial nerve, 237f, 239, 703f, 708f, 709f, 731f, 752f, 754f Tibial plateau, 682-688, 684f, 685f Tibial tuberosity, 682-688, 682f, 686f, 687f, 694f, 708f Tibialis anterior muscle, 685f, 686f, 691f, 698f, 705f, 706-710, 708f, 709f, 713t, 729f, 737f Tibialis anterior tendon, 734f, 738f, 741-742 Tibialis posterior muscle, 698f, 709f, 711f, 712, 713t, 729f Tibialis posterior tendon, 734f, 738f, 742 Tibiocalcaneal ligament, 740 Tibiofibular articulation, 686f Tibiofibular ligament, 687f, 729-730f, 731f Tibionavicular ligament, 721f, 740 Tibiotalar ligament, 721f, 736f, 737f, 740 Tic douloureux, 165b Toes, 740 Tongue, 251f, 253f, 257f, 261f, 273f, 274f, 291, 295f Torcular herophili, 147 Trachea, 234f, 251f, 253f, 257f, 258f, 260f, 261f, 268, 269f, 276f, 277f, 283f, 290f, 322f, 325, 325f, 351f, 352f, 360f, 362f, 365f Tracheal cartilage, 252f, 260f, 277f Tracheostomy, 268b Tragus, 33f Transtentorial herniation, 90b Transverse abdominis muscle, 491f Transverse acetabular ligament, 660-666, 660f, 661f, 662f, 663f, 665f, 666f Transverse colon, 400f, 413f, 433f, 434f, 459f, 460f, 462-463, 465f, 466f, 482f, 483f Transverse fissure, 413 Transverse foramen, 179f, 182f, 183f Transverse humeral ligament, 571-572, 576f, 578f Transverse ligament, 193, 195f, 196f, 197f, 226f, 690, 693f Transverse mesocolon, 482f, 483f Transverse metatarsal ligament, 740 Transverse process, 174f, 175f, 179f, 180f, 181f, 182f, 183f, 185f, 188-189f, 189f, 190f, 197f, 223f, 230f, 291f, 297f, 311f Transverse rectal fold, 523 Transverse reticular ligament, 636f Transverse sinus, 6f, 146f, 147f, 148f, 150f, 151f, 154f, 335t Transversospinal muscles, 207, 209f, 491f Transversus abdominis, 204f, 490-493, 492f Trapezium bone, 621, 622f, 623f, 624f, 625f, 626f, 628f, 629f, 635f, 643f, 644f Trapezius muscle, 170f, 203f, 205f, 234f, 236f, 255f, 256f, 259f, 262f, 266f, 269f, 274f, 281f, 282f, 283f, 286f, 287f, 288f, 289f, 290f, 296f, 297, 297f, 298f, 299t, 566f, 571f, 574f, 577f, 582, 582f, 583f, 584f, 585t, 587f, 588f Trapezoid bone, 621, 622f, 623f, 624f, 625f, 626f, 628f, 629f, 635f, 644f Triangular fibrocartilage complex, 626f, 628, 629f, 635f Triangular ligaments, 404f Triceps brachii muscle, 298f, 596f, 597f, 598f, 599f, 600, 600f, 600t, 603f, 605f, 608f, 618f Triceps tendon, 618f Tricuspid valve, 330f, 334f, 336f, 339f, 341f, 346f, 347f 767 Trigeminal cistern, 164f Trigeminal nerve, 120f, 125f, 151f, 153f, 157t, 163-165, 163f, 164f, 165f, 219f Trigone, 93, 93f, 517 Triquetral bone, 621, 622f, 623f, 624f, 625f, 626f, 628f, 629f, 634f, 644f Triquetrohamate ligament, 630f Trochanteric bursae, 667 Trochlea, 569f, 601f, 714-720, 717f Trochlear nerve, 120f, 151f, 152f, 153f, 157t, 161f, 162f, 163, 163f Trochlear notch, 604 True pelvis, 503, 503f True vocal cords, 263, 265f True vocal folds, 251f, 260f, 265f Tuberculum sellae, 25-27, 25f Tunica albuginea, 537, 537f Twelfth thoracic vertebra, 329f Tympanic annulus, 37f, 44f Tympanic cavity, 34f Tympanic membrane, 33f, 37-39, 37f, 43f, 44f, 166f U Ulna, 602f, 604, 604f, 605, 605f, 635f, 643f Ulnar artery, 6f, 614f, 615f, 616f, 640f, 645-646f, 646, 647f, 648f, 649f, 650f, 653f Ulnar collateral ligament, 607, 607f, 617f, 630-631 Ulnar nerve, 232, 232f, 596f, 597f, 598f, 609f, 615f, 616f, 652f, 653f Ulnar notch, 603-604 Ulnar tuberosity, 602f, 604 Ulnar vein, 649f, 650f Ulnohumeral articulation, 600, 601f Ulnolunate ligament, 630f Ulnotriquetral ligament, 630f Umbilical artery, 550f Umbilical ligaments, 517 Umbilical vein, 559-560f Uncinate process, 53f, 74-75, 74f, 75f, 181f, 182f, 437, 437f, 440f, 478f Upper extremity See specific anatomy Upper segmental artery, 471f, 472f Upper subscapular nerve, 232f Ureter, 446-449, 447f, 449f, 452f, 519f, 521f, 535f, 536f Urethra, 510f, 515f, 517, 522f, 524f, 525f, 534f Urinary bladder, 400f, 413f, 513f, 516f, 517, 519f, 520f, 521f, 524f, 525f, 529f Urinary system, 446-449, 446f, 447f, 448f, 449f, 450f, 451f, 452f Urogenital diaphragm, 513f, 514f, 515, 516f, 518f, 519f, 520f, 525f, 530f, 531f, 535f, 547f, 548f Urogram, 521f Uterine artery, 551f Uterine cavity, 513f, 527f, 530f, 531f Uterine tubes, 518f, 520f, 525f, 526f, 528f, 533 Uterine vein, 559-560f Uterosacral ligament, 528, 528f, 529f, 534f Uterus, 400f, 402f, 518f, 520f, 521f, 525-526, 525f, 526f, 527f, 529f, 530f, 531f, 532f Utricle, 39f Utricular duct, 39f Uvula, 251f, 252f, 253f, 254f, 261f, 286f, 294f 768 V Index Vagina, 510f, 513f, 515f, 518f, 522f, 524f, 525f, 526f, 531f, 533, 533f, 534f Vaginal artery, 551f Vagus nerve, 120f, 157t, 168-170, 169f, 281f, 282f, 283f Valleculae, 251, 251f, 252f, 253f, 256f, 261f, 264f Vas deferens, 535f, 539, 539f, 542f Vastus intermedius muscle, 241f, 541f, 673f, 674f, 676f, 677f, 678f, 680f, 681t, 694f, 748f Vastus lateralis muscle, 540f, 541f, 673f, 674f, 676f, 677f, 678f, 679f, 681t, 694f, 697f, 699f, 701f, 712f, 748f, 749f, 752f Vastus medialis muscle, 673f, 674f, 676f, 677f, 678f, 680f, 681t, 692f, 694f, 697f Veins, 6f Ventral, 4t Ventral cavity, 6, 7f, 7t Ventral horn, 215, 224f Ventral ramus, 223f, 229, 229f Ventral root, 219f, 220f, 222f, 226f, 228f Ventricles, 93-99, 94f fourth, 93, 93f, 94f, 96f, 98f, 99f, 101f, 105f, 113f, 114f, 125f, 127f, 128f, 130f, 162f, 167f lateral, 91f, 93, 106f, 107f, 109f, 113f, 126f, 150f, 155f third, 91f, 93, 93f, 94f, 105f, 116f, 119f, 123f, 125f, 154f, 155f Ventricular fold, 294f Ventricular system, of brain, 93-102, 93f, 100f, 101f, 102f See also Ventricles Vermiform appendix, 459f, 462-463, 462f, 464f Vermis, 100f, 126f, 128, 128f, 129f, 130f, 162f Vertebra prominens, 5f, 183f, 184f, 204f, 207f Vertebrae anatomy of, 272f body of, 174f, 175f, 180f, 185f, 190f, 197f, 198f, 199f, 213f, 214f, 220f, 227f, 234f, 244f cervical, 179-180, 179f, 180f, 181f, 182f, 183f, 199f, 203f, 210f lamina of, 199f, 214f lumbar, 174f, 175f, 187, 187f, 188-189f, 189f, 190f, 191f, 200f, 209f, 210f, 221f, 238f, 245f, 249f, 329f, 501f pedicle of, 174f, 185f, 189f, 190f, 216f, 220f, 238f superior view of, 174f thoracic, 175f, 185, 185f, 186f, 199f, 205f, 210f, 309f, 310f, 330f, 351f, 352f, 353f, 386f Vertebral arch, 174f Vertebral artery, 135f, 136f, 140141f, 141f, 142f, 143f, 144f, 145f, 146f, 167f, 169f, 180f, 233f, 242f, 246f, 248f, 264f, 272f, 285f, 286f, 287f, 288f, 289f, 290f, 291f, 300f, 303f, 304f Vertebral body, 174f, 175f, 180f, 185f, 190f, 197f, 198f, 199f, 213f, 214f, 220f, 227f, 234f, 244f, 269f, 311f, 382f Vertebral column, 173-193, 246 Vertebral endplate, 175f, 178f Vertebral foramen, 174f, 182f, 189f Vertebral notch, 175f Vertebral veins, 246f, 248f, 306 Vertebral venous plexuses, 246b Vertex, 17f, 19-20, 20f, 46f Vertical long axis view, 377-379, 377f, 378f Verumontanum, 544, 545f, 547f Vesicouterine ligament, 528f Vesicouterine pouch, 525f, 529f, 533, 534f Vestibular aqueduct, 39f, 40 Vestibular complex, 37f Vestibular folds, 251f, 260f, 266f Vestibular ganglion, 33f Vestibular nerve, 33f Vestibule, 44f, 167f Vestibulocochlear nerve, 120f, 157t, 166, 166f, 167f Visceral peritoneum, 398, 398f Visceral pleura, 312, 312f Vitreous humor, 79 Vocal cords, 263, 265f, 267f Vocal folds, 251f, 260f Vocalis muscle, 267f Volar, 4t Volume rendering, 12 Vomer, 17f, 19f, 51f, 54f, 58, 87f Voxel, 10f W Wernicke’s area, 108, 108f Wharton’s duct, 270 White matter cerebral, 103-108, 104f, 106f spinal cord, 215 White pulp, 441, 442f Window width, Windowing, 8, 10f Wrist, 634f See also Hand arteries of, 645-646f, 646-650 bony anatomy of, 621-641, 622f, 623f, 624f, 625f, 626f extensor tendons of, 634f joints of, 628-630, 628f ligaments of, 630-636, 630f, 631f venous drainage of, 651, 651f X Xiphoid process, 308, 308f, 309f, 311f Z Zona orbicularis, 660-666, 662f, 664f, 665f Zygapophyseal joints, 176f, 177f, 188-189f, 230f Zygoma, 17f, 23f, 30f, 33f, 51f, 52f, 53f, 54f, 55f, 57f, 59f, 74f, 76f, 171f Zygomatic arch, 17f, 28f, 29f, 30f, 32-34, 33f, 35f, 49, 53f, 55, 55f, 56f, 60f, 72f Zygomatic bones, 55 Zygomatic process, 30f, 32-34, 32f, 33f, 51f, 52-55, 52f, 53f, 54f, 61f, 65f, 171f Zygomaticus muscle, 298f ... lateral to the ascending and descending colon (Figures 7.17 and 7 .22 , and Table 7 .2) The deeper right gutter is a common site for free fluid collection Diaphragm Supracolic compartment Right subphrenic... location for vessels to enter and exit the liver (Figures 7 .27 through 7.34) Fissure for ligamentum teres Left lobe of liver Interlobar fissure Portal vein Transverse fissure IVC Fissure for ligamentum... lobe Falciform ligament Medial segment of left lobe Anterior segment of left lobe III IV IVC V Posterior segment of left lobe Portal vein VI FIGURE 7.49  ​Axial CT of liver segments 421 422 CHAPTER