Additional Praise for Global Fundraising “Penelope Cagney and Bernard Ross have done our sector a great service in bringing together such a talented team of top philanthropy specialists and non-profit experts to address the big issues covered by this book and give us their insights In times of unprecedented challenges there’s much excitement and optimism here, as well as sound guidance and helpful advice Anyone interested in fundraising and philanthropy internationally will find this book a great investment.” —Ken Burnett, author, Relationship Fundraising and other books “Global Fundraising, for an international fundraiser, is like have a Platinum Card for your favourite airline and being flown business class around the world gathering insights from some of the brightest and best fundraising practitioners on this planet Global Giving is a must have, must read, must digest atlas for anyone taking a serious look at what is happening today in the ever globalised world of fundraising and philanthropy.” —Daryl Upsall, Chief Executive, Daryl Upsall Consulting International “This book is a long-overdue look at philanthropy globally It will help every fundraiser put their fundraising program into perspective.” —Harvey McKinnon, President, Harvey McKinnon Associates; author of 11 Questions Every Donor Asks and the number one international bestseller The Power of Giving “Generosity always finds a way to help those in need This extraordinary book opens our eyes to experiences from people all over the world whose remarkable vision and creativity are changing the way we look at fundraising Without a doubt, a can´t miss read.” —Isabella Navarro, former Development Director, Universidad de Monterrey, Mexico ffirs.indd i 14/02/13 10:53 AM A Donor Bill of Rights PHILANTHROPY is based on voluntary action for the common good It is a tradition of giving and sharing that is primary to the quality of life To assure that philanthropy merits the respect and trust of the general public, and that donors and prospective donors can have full confidence in the not-for-profit organizations and causes they are asked to support, we declare that all donors have these rights: I VI To be informed of the organization’s mission, of the way the organization intends to use donated resources, and of its capacity to use donations effectively for their intended purposes To be assured that information about their donations is handled with respect and with confidentiality to the extent provided by law II To be informed of the identity of those serving on the organization’s governing board, and to expect the board to exercise prudent judgement in its stewardship responsibilities III To have access to the organization’s most recent financial statements IV VIII To be informed whether those seeking donations are volunteers, employees of the organization or hired solicitors IX To be assured their gifts will be used for the purposes for which they were given To have the opportunity for their names to be deleted from mailing lists that an organization may intend to share V X To receive appropriate acknowledgement and recognition To feel free to ask questions when making a donation and to receive prompt, truthful and forthright answers D E V E L O P E D B Y Association for Healthcare Philanthropy (AHP) Association of Fundraising Professionals (AFP) Council for Advancement and Support of Education (CASE) Giving Institute: Leading Consultants to Non-Profits ffirs.indd ii VII To expect that all relationships with individuals representing organizations of interest to the donor will be professional in nature E N D O R S E D B Y (in formation) Independent Sector National Catholic Development Conference (NCDC) National Committee on Planned Giving (NCPG) Council for Resource Development (CRD) United Way of America 14/02/13 10:53 AM ffirs.indd iii 14/02/13 10:53 AM ffirs.indd iv 14/02/13 10:53 AM Global Fundraising ffirs.indd v 14/02/13 10:53 AM ffirs.indd vii 14/02/13 10:53 AM ffirs.indd viii 14/02/13 10:53 AM Global Fundraising How the World Is Changing the Rules of Philanthropy PENELOPE CAGNEY BERNARD ROSS John Wiley & Sons, Inc ffirs.indd ix 14/02/13 10:53 AM Cover Design: Wendy Mount Cover Image: © Andrew Johnson/Getty Images Copyright © 2013 by Penelope Cagney, Bernard Ross All rights reserved Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, New Jersey Published simultaneously in Canada No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, scanning, or otherwise, except as permitted under Section 107 or 108 of the 1976 United States Copyright Act, without either the prior written permission of the Publisher, or authorization through payment of the appropriate per-copy fee to the Copyright Clearance Center, Inc., 222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, (978) 750-8400, fax (978) 646-8600, or on the Web at www.copyright.com Requests to the Publisher for permission should be addressed to the Permissions Department, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 111 River Street, Hoboken, NJ 07030, (201) 748-6011, fax (201) 748-6008, or online at http://www.wiley.com/go/permissions Limit of Liability/Disclaimer of Warranty: While the publisher and author have used their best efforts in preparing this book, they make no representations or warranties with respect to the accuracy or completeness of the contents of this book and specifically disclaim any implied warranties of merchantability or fitness for a particular purpose No warranty may be created or extended by sales representatives or written sales materials The advice and strategies contained herein may not be suitable for your situation You should consult with a professional where appropriate Neither the publisher nor author shall be liable for any loss of profit or any other commercial damages, including but not limited to special, incidental, consequential, or other damages For general information on our other products and services or for technical support, please contact our Customer Care Department within the United States at (800) 762-2974, outside the United States at (317) 572-3993 or fax (317) 572-4002 Wiley publishes in a variety of print and electronic formats and by print-on-demand Some material included with standard print versions of this book may not be included in e-books or in print-on-demand If this book refers to media such as a CD or DVD that is not included in the version you purchased, you may download this material at http://booksupport.wiley.com For more information about Wiley products, visit www.wiley.com Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data: Cagney, Penelope, 1956Global fundraising: how the world is changing the rules of philanthropy / Penelope Cagney and Bernard Ross pages cm.—(The AFP/Wiley fund development series) Includes index ISBN 978-1-118-370 70-4 (cloth); ISBN 978-1-118-41726-3 (ebk); ISBN 978-1-118-42052-2 (ebk); ISBN 978-1-118-57017-3 (ebk) Charities Globalization I Ross, Bernard, 1953- II Title HV40.35.C34 2013 361.7—dc23 2012041910 Printed in the United States of America 10 ffirs.indd x 14/02/13 10:53 AM Penelope Cagney dedicates this book to Nathan Newman, for all of his support and encouragement Bernard Ross dedicates this book to George Smith, a wonderful friend and guide to many nonprofits worldwide— his words were his gift to us all ffirs.indd xi 14/02/13 10:53 AM ABOUT THE CONTRIBUTORS 379 changes, restructuring, or transition require innovation, leadership, creativity, and an entrepreneurial attitude Usha Menon has worked, volunteered, and consulted in the social purpose sectors for 25 years and has held leadership positions at national and international organizations For the past four years, she has been a consultant for nonprofits in the areas of leadership, management, and fundraising She has developed Asian-market entry strategies for INGOs, built national and regional fundraising strategies to engage diaspora communities, major donors, and the corporate sector She has also orchestrated community-based fundraising and advised on the use of social media As a volunteer, she is building a strong philanthropic Asia through her roles with the Resource Alliance, having been chair of its international board; the organizing committee of the Philanthropy in Asia Summit 2012 in Singapore; the editorial advisory board for the Fundraising & Philanthropy Australiasia; and others She regularly shares her “Asian Insights on Nonprofit Leadership” through her blog: www.ushamenon-blog.org Mike Naholi Muchilwa is a social entrepreneur, development catalyst, and strategic thinker He runs Innovative Concepts, a development consultancy that focuses on resource mobilization, strategic planning, business planning, organization development, project formulation and evaluation, enterprise development and fair trade He is the chair of the Kenya Association of Fundraising Professionals and is one of Africa’s leading fundraisers with more than 18 years’ experience He has trained boards, senior management, fundraisers, students, and beneficiaries He has also run nonprofits and been on the board of others as well as founding managing a social enterprise He has developed the course curriculum offered by the Eastern Africa Resource Mobilization Workshop that brings together fundraisers from 14 countries globally He holds a degree in economics from the University of Nairobi and has written two previous books He is currently working on a book on social enterprise Sudeshna Mukherjee, Atlas Corps fellow from India, currently serves with GlobalGiving’s project team in Washington, DC, where she supports its open access initiative to devise strategies for better engagement of social entrepreneurs who host projects and raise funds through the website With a master’s in social work from TISS (Mumbai) and nearly seven years of experience in program management bcontri.indd 379 14/02/13 10:57 AM 380 ABOUT THE CONTRIBUTORS and resource mobilization, Sudeshna has worked with Indian and global nonprofits During her last assignment at Oxfam India she focused on corporate fundraising Sudeshna also represents the fundraising innovation website SOFII as its ambassador for India R F Shangraw Jr is the chief executive officer of the ASU Foundation for A New American University Prior to joining the foundation in November 2011, he served as ASU’s senior vice president for knowledge enterprise development and director of the Global Institute of Sustainability Rick was responsible for ASU’s growing annual $350 million research portfolio, which placed ASU among the top 20 research institutions in the country without a medical school Before joining ASU, Rick was the founder and CEO of Project Performance Corporation, a research and technology consulting firm specializing in environmental, energy, and information management issues He has a bachelor of arts, magna cum laude, in political science and a certificate in environmental studies from Dickinson College in Pennsylvania; a master of public administration from the Maxwell School at Syracuse University; and a doctorate from the Maxwell School with a specialization in technology and information policy and organization design Rick also currently holds a professor of practice appointment with ASU’s School of Public Affairs within the College of Public Programs and the School of Sustainability Anup Tiwari is honorary chair of SAFRG, a think tank on fundraising He also heads Asia-wide fundraising and communications for a leading INGO In the past, he has raised funds for UNICEF, Child Rights and You, CAF, HelpAge, and has worked in commercial marketing for Macmillan and Reed Elsevier Group Anup speaks internationally on fundraising and blogs on www.fundraisingasia.org Sean Triner, the copywriting mathematician, has been a fundraiser since leaving school, working in events, corporate, and grant fundraising; direct marketing including introducing direct dialogue (face-toface) at the U.K charity Action Medical Research in the early 1990s, one of the first charities to embrace this method His final job before crossing to the agency side was marketing and communications director at a U.K mental health charity, Mind In 2002 his team, Leeds United, was doing badly so he fled to Australia, set up a full-service charity marketing agency (Pareto Fundraising) and soon after that set up a charity telemarketing agency with a friend The agency works bcontri.indd 380 14/02/13 10:57 AM ABOUT THE CONTRIBUTORS 381 with around 50 Australian, New Zealand, and Hong Kong charities doing direct mail, digital fundraising, bequest marketing, training, and data analysis Pareto’s reputation is built around its data knowledge Masataka Uo is CEO and cofounder of the Japan Fundraising Association and president of FUNDREX Co Ltd., a fundraising consulting company He is one of the top leaders in Japan’s fundraising sector Previously he worked in the international development field and in supporting the capacity of CSOs in developing counties for 15 years He led the launch of the Certified Fundraiser (CFR) program in Japan, and published the first annual giving report in Japan, Giving Japan, to promote philanthropic giving Anca Zaharia, after completing graduate studies in humanitarian law in Geneva, has been working in the humanitarian field for six years in Romania and Switzerland Part of the team of the Romanian Red Cross HQ, she has been in charge of communication and relationships with corporate donors, cooperation within the International Red Cross Movement, and has managed different educational EU-funded projects She has thus coordinated several major fundraising events, the brand awareness campaign “Be the Red Cross” and reached more than 10,000 young people through their humanitarian values sessions For the past couple of years she has been involved in coordinating a Red Cross European network of specialists focused on EU funding—European Funding Practitioners’ Group bcontri.indd 381 14/02/13 10:57 AM Index AC Japan, 56 Action Against Hunger, 336 ADMICAL, 103 ADS (Anglican Development Services), 182 AFF (Arab Foundations Forum), 233–234 AFP (Association of Fundraising Professionals), 8, 118, 119, 133 Africa, 179–221 See also Kenya; Middle East and North Africa (MENA); South Africa corporate giving, 185 fair trade and social enterprise in, 188 foundation giving, 185–187 fundraising practices, 179–180, 183–184 major donors in, 184 middle class donors, 185 NGOs (nongovernment organizations) in, 179–180, 183–184, 187–188 philanthropy in, 182–187 religious giving, 181–182 volunteerism in, 182–183 AHP (Association for Healthcare Philanthropy), 118, 133 ALJ Group, 235 Altruistic entrepreneurs, 298–299 Amnesty International, 97 Anderson, Chris, 323 Anglican Development Services (ADS), 182 Anonymous giving, 45–46 Apps for activism, 337–338 Arab Foundations Forum (AFF), 233–234 Arab philanthropy See also Middle East and North Africa (MENA) Arab Foundations Forum (AFF), 233–234 Hasanah Trust Fund, 231 historical context, 227–228 Arab Spring events, 7, 9, 11, 323–324 Argentina, 61, 62 bankruptcy of, 66 monthly giving in, 75 online giving, service-related funds, 67 Arts and cultural funding, 250–251 Asia, 239–265 See also Korea; Singapore five outstanding philanthropists in, 239–240 fundraising practices, 240–241 Assis, Ader, 86 Assistance funds, 168 Association for Healthcare Philanthropy (AHP), 118, 133 Association of Fundraising Professionals (AFP), 8, 118, 119, 133 ATM contributions, 197 Augmented reality, 333 Australia, 135–151 corporate giving, 143 foundation giving, 143–145 fundraising authorities, 141 fundraising challenges, 149–151 fundraising infrastructure, 140–142 individual donors in, 145 legacy-giving programs, 149 major donors in, 142 one-time donations, 148–149 regular giving donations, 146–148 suppliers to nonprofits, 141 top charities, 137–140 Global Fundraising: How the W orld Is Changing the Rules of Philanthropy Penelope Cagney and Bernard Ross © 2013 Penelope Cagney, Bernard Ross Published 2013 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc bindex.indd 383 383 2/14/13 7:29 PM 384 INDEX Automatic debit, 72 See also Monthly/ regular gift donations Azim Premji Foundation, 282 Bangladesh Rural Advancement Committee (BRAC), 358, 366–368 BEE (Black Economic Empowerment Act), 216–217 Benchmarks for innovation, 349, 350 Benefit corporations, 125 Bequest giving, 52, 57 See also Legacy-giving programs Bharti Foundation, 282 Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation, 113, 122, 143, 144, 198, 216, 300, 308–309, 310 Bishop, Matthew, 6, 307 Black Economic Empowerment Act (BEE), 216–217 Blavatnick, Lev, 313 BM9 Report, 145 Boards, as donors, 68–69 Bolivia, 62 BRAC (Bangladesh Rural Advancement Committee), 358, 366–368 Bradesco, 83 Brazil, 61 service-related funds, 67 taxation, 65 Brazil Telethon Crianca Esperanca (Children’s Hope), 84 Buffett, Warren, 122, 310 Building of a Harmonious Socialist Society, 22 Burns, John, 142 Business to Arts, 103 Cabbages and Condoms, Cadbury, Richard, 96–97 Cagney, Penelope, Campaigns, 302–304, 306, 312–313, 325–327 See also Case studies; organization and campaign names Canada, 128–134 demographics and geography of, 128 economy, 128–129 fundraising practices, 133–134 government funding, 130–132 nonprofit overview, 129–130 bindex.indd 384 nonprofit sector composition, 131–132 tax and regulatory environment, 131–132 Canadian Association of Gift Planners, 133 Cancer Research UK, 341 Candanedo, Annette, 69 Canto Cidadao, 67 Capacity building, 288 Capital campaigns: Australia, 142 Canada, 134 Korea, 248, 252–253 Latin America, 69–71 Oxford Thinking, 312–313 Care2Give, Caribbean countries, 61 Carnegie, Andrew, 97, 122, 123 CASE (the Council for the Advancement and Support of Education), 118, 133 Case, Amber, 330–331 Case studies: BRAC (Bangladesh Rural Advancement Committee), 366–368 Brazil Telethon Crianca Esperanca (Children’s Hope), 84 China Red Cross Association (CRCA), 38–39 global giving to universities, 125–127 Habitat for Humanity global campaign, 303–304 Hasanah Trust Fund, 231 Hogar de Cristo Foundation, 78–80 Hong Kong, 31–32 natural disaster responses, 57–58 One Foundation, 39–40 Red Cross Red Crescent Movement, 361–363 Romanian Red Cross, 178 SOS Children’s Villages (Russia), 169–170 World Vision, 114–118, 363–365 WWF Russia, 171–172 Yushu earthquake fundraising, 27–28 Cash mobs, 124 Catholic Church foundations, 93 Cause-related marketing, 52, 55 Cavill, Hailey, 143 Cazón, Juan Cruz Mones, 76, 87 CBOs (community-based organizations), 182–183 2/14/13 7:29 PM INDEX Central America, 60–61 Central and Eastern Europe, 153–178 fundraising overview, 155–156 legal grounds for philanthropy, 154 Romania, 174–178 (see also Romania) Russia, 156–174 (see also Russia) Ceremonial giving, 55 Certified B corporations, 125 CFRE (Certified Fundraising Executive International), 118 Challenges for philanthropy: in India, 287–288 in Russia, 170–172 Chandaria, Manu, 184 Charity giants, 357–371 BRAC (Bangladesh Rural Advancement Committee), 358, 366–368 challenges for, 368–370 cost drivers, 360 government drivers, 360 market drivers, 359 Red Cross Red Crescent Movement, 357–358, 361–363 World Vision, 47, 114–118, 139, 146, 246–247, 276, 357, 358, 363–365 charity: water, 323 Chen Guangbiao, 311 Chertok, Maria, 174 Chestin, Igor, 172 Child Fund, 247 Child Rights and You (CRY), 272, 273–274 Chile, 61–62, 78–80 China, 17–41 administrative system, 25 church-based charity, 18 civil society reemergence in, 19–20 current fundraising trends, 32–37 distribution of donations, 35–37 domestic donors, 32–34, 41 foreign exchange control, 30 framework for nonprofit sector, 25–32 fundraising practices, 37–40 Giving Pledge, 310–311 government takeover of charitable endeavors, 19 legal issues of philanthropy, 26–27, 29–30 philanthropy history, 17–21, 39–40 philanthropy in nonprofit sector, 21–25 private enterprise giving, 34–35 Social Trysumerism in, 333 bindex.indd 385 385 tax incentives, 29–30 volunteerism in, 23 China Charity Federation, 35 China Children and Teenagers’ Fund, 19 China Foundation Center (CFC), 38 China Red Cross Association (CRCA), 38–39 Churches See Faith-based giving; Religious giving Civic organizations, 249–250 CIVICUS Civil Society Index (CSI), 159–160 Civil society, defining, Civil society organizations (CSOs), Click-to-call requests, 76 Coexist Foundation, 236 Colombia, 61 Community-based organizations (CBOs), 182–183 Community Chest, 47, 58, 247 Compassion, 139, 247, 248, 252 Competitive drivers, 359 Copernicus Science Centre, 155 Corporate foundations, 93–94 Corporate giving See also CSI (corporate social investment); CSR (corporate social responsibility) in Africa, 185 in Australia and New Zealand, 143 in India, 285–287 in Ireland, 103 in Japan, 49 in Kenya, 198–201 in Latin America, 81–83 in Russia, 166–167 in Singapore, 259–260 in South Africa, 216–217 Corporate social investment See CSI (corporate social investment) Corporate social responsibility See CSR (corporate social responsibility) Corruption discovery, 39–40 Costa Rica Red Cross, 67 Cost drivers, 360 Costs of fundraising, 150–151 Council for the Advancement and Support of Education (CASE), 118, 133 CRCA (China Red Cross Association), 38–39 Credit card contributions, 197 2/14/13 7:29 PM 386 INDEX Cricket in the Wilderness, 206–207 Crowdfunding See Crowdsourcing Crowdrise, 123 Crowdsourcing, 320–323 CRY (Child Rights and You), 272, 273–274 CSI (corporate social investment), 183 in Kenya, 198–201 in South Africa, 216–217 CSOs (civil society organizations), CSR (corporate social responsibility), 32 in India, 285–287 in Kenya, 198–201 in Korea, 254–255 in Latin America, 81 in MENA region, 226 in South Africa, 216–217 in Western Europe, 103 Cultured inheritors, 299 Danjuma, Theophilus Yakubu, 184 Dar-es-Salaam goat race, 180–181 Daushev, Dmitry, 169–170 Democratizing Innovation (Von Hippel), 322 Department of Civil Social Organization Administration (DCSOA), 25 Destrée, Jean-Marie, 100 Diaspora savings/giving, 77, 196–197 Digital activists, 334–335 Direct debit giving, 98 Direct mail marketing, 98 Asia, 241, 261 Australia and New Zealand, 147, 148 India, 274, 275 Japan, 52 Latin America, 73 Western Europe, 105 Disease eradication, 308–309 Doctors Without Borders (Médecins Sans Frontières), 47, 215, 358 Donation boxes, 56 Donation education, 57 Donor-directed funds, 100 Donor motivations, 297–299 Donor stewardship, 303 Dorsey, Jack, 328 The Dragonfly Effect (Aaker and Smith), 329, 330 Dresing, Jytte, 305 Dual registration system, 24, 25 bindex.indd 386 Dunant, Henry, 97 Dynasty Foundation, 165 Earthquakes See Natural disasters East Africa Breweries (EABL), 200 Eco givers, 298 Education on giving, 57 Employee giving, 177 Endowed foundation, 93 Equity Bank, 200 España ACNUR, 105 Ethiopia, Ethos Institute, 81 Europe See Central and Eastern Europe; Western Europe European Union (EU), 104 Facebook, 8–9, 320 See also Social media/networks and Arab Spring events, 323–324 in Kenya, 196 Kony 2012, 329 in Latin America, 75–76 Unfriend Coal campaign, 324–325 Face-to-face fundraising, 105, 147, 177, 215, 240–241 Factary, 102 Fair trade movement, 188 Faith-based giving See also religious giving in China, 18 in MENA region, 228–230 Fengler, Wolfgang, 220–221 Ferraez, Alejandro, 72 Fondation Caritas France, 100 Food for Hunger, 247 Foundation Management Ordinance, 21 Foundations, 49–50 See also names of foundations in Africa, 185–187 in Australia and New Zealand, 143–145 in India, 282 in Japan, 49 in Kenya, 197–198 in Latin America, 81 in MENA region, 224–225, 231–236 in Singapore, 260 in South Africa, 216 in Western Europe, 93–94, 100–102 Foursquare, 335 France See also Western Europe 2/14/13 7:29 PM INDEX corporate giving, 103–104 donor-directed funds, 100 Friends of the Earth, 97 Fundraising See also Major donors in Africa, 179–180 in Asia, 240–241 in Canada, 133–134 costs of, 119–120 evaluating success of, 119–120 global, by universities, 125–127 in healthcare, 249, 252–253 importance of investing for, 76–77 INGO study, in India, 278–281 innovation in (see Innovation) in Kenya, 193–194 in Korea, 246–251 in Latin America, 64–65 myths about, 312–313 new media and techniques, 98–100 in New Zealand, 137, 138 product development for, 305–306, 368, 369 professionalization of, 8, 47, 86–87, 98, 107, 118–119 resource mobilization for (see Resource mobilization) in Romania, 176–177 in Russia, 167–170 in Singapore, 261–262 in South Africa, 218–220 through gaming, 336–338 in Western Europe, 105–107 Fundraising certification, 47 Fundraising challenges: in Australia and New Zealand, 149–151 in Korea, 251–255 in South Africa, 219–220 Fundraising costs, 150–151 Fundraising Effectiveness Project (FEP), 119–120 Fundraising products, 305–306, 368, 369 Fundraising talent, 150 Gaming, and activism, 336–338 Garner, Jo, 144 Gates, Bill, 310 Gates, Bill and Melinda, 122, 308–309 Gates/Buffet Giving Pledge See Giving Pledge Gates Foundation See Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation bindex.indd 387 387 GAVI (Global Alliance for Vaccines and Immunization), 308, 309 Generosity index, 296–297 Ghonim, Wael, 323–324 Giubergia, Francisco Vallejo, 79–80 Give India, 275–276 Givewell, 139 Giving Circles, 124 Giving education, 57 Giving motivations, 297–299 Giving Pledge, 6, 122, 308, 309–312 Global Alliance for Vaccines and Immunization (GAVI), 308, 309 Global Fund, 308–309 Globalization market drivers, 359–360 Global megatrends, 3–12 Globarity (global + solidarity), 315–339 connecting global community, 330–338 crowdsourcing, 320–323 effects of Facebook on, 324–325 effects of Twitter on, 328–329 PMC (Public Mobilization Concept), 325–327 social media/network evolution, 317–320 Social Trysumers, 321 transparency and, 324–325 Golos, 110 GONGOs (government operated nongovernmental organizations), 20, 35–36 Gordon, Donald, 184, 215 Government drivers, 360 Government funding: in Canada, 130–132 in Japan, 50 in Kenya, 201 in South Africa, 217–218 in Western Europe, 104 Government operated nongovernmental organizations (GONGOS), 20, 35–36 Grameen- Jameel Pan Arab initiative, 236 Gray, Allan, 184, 215 Great Recession, 111 Green, Michael, 307 Greenpeace: advocacy campaigns, 284, 285 face-to-face fundraising, 215, 276 innovation and, 341 monthly giving, 66 2/14/13 7:29 PM 388 INDEX Greenpeace: (continued ) online giving, 74 use of social media, 318–320, 324–325, 335–336 Guosheng, Deng, 28 Habitat for Humanity global campaign, 303–304 Harambee, 193 Hasanah Trust Fund, 231 Healthcare fundraising, 249, 252–253 HelpAge India, 274–275 Hinduism, 267 HNWIs (high net-worth individuals), 281–282 See also Major donors defined, 294 growth of, in China, 22, 41 Hogar de Cristo Foundation, 78–80 Hong Kong, 31–32 Hope Project, 20 Hwang, Albert, 333 ICRC, 361 IFRC (International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent National Societies), 361 I Go—Defending the Whales, 318–320 Imagine Canada, 133 Impact investment, 311–312 India, 267–289 challenges for philanthropy in, 287–288 CSR (corporate social responsibility) in, 285–287 demographics of, 267–269 donor overview, 281–282 foundation giving, 282 individual donors, 283–285 infrastructure for fundraising, 272–273 INGOs in, 276–281 nonprofit sector overview, 269–272 significant nonprofits, 273–276 Individual giving, 176–177 in Australia, 145 in India, 283–285 in Japan, 48–49 in Kenya, 196 in Latin America, 68–80 in Romania, 176 in Russia, 166 in Singapore, 258–259 bindex.indd 388 in South Africa, 214–216 in United States, 120–128 in Western Europe, 96–100 INGOs (international nongovernment organizations), See also name of organization in Asia, 240–241 in China, 30 in India, 276–281 in Japan, 47 in Kenya, 195 in Korea, 248, 250 major donor development, 301–302 in Russia, 168–170 in Singapore, 262–263 in United States, 113 Innovation, 341–355 benchmarks for, 349, 350 challenges and consequences, 348 defining, 343 importance of, 342–343 improvement stages, 353–355 key drivers for, 342–343 most innovative nonprofits, 344–346 organizational structures for, 351–352 processes for, 346–352 Institute of Fundraising (IoF), Institutional giving See also Corporate giving; Foundations in Latin America, 80–85 in MENA region, 224–225 International Organization of Telethons (ORITEL), 84 Internet, open platforms on, 39 Intoku-no-bi, 45 Invisible Children, 329 IoF (Institute of Fundraising), Iraegui, Marcelo Iñarra, 318, 338 Ireland, 103 See also Western Europe Islamic philanthropy See Arab philanthropy; Middle East and North Africa (MENA) Islamic Solidarity Fund for Development (ISFD), 231 Jameel, Mohammed Abdul Latif, 235–236 Japan, 43–58, 44–45 corporate giving, 49 fundraising practices, 52–56 giving innovation and challenges, 56–57 2/14/13 7:29 PM INDEX giving motivations, 52 giving practices in, 50–52 government funding, 50 grantmaking foundations, 49 individual giving, 48–49 influences on philanthropy, 45–46 institutional giving, 49–50 natural disaster responses, 57–58 nonprofit sector, 44–45 ways of giving, 50–51 Japan Fundraising Association (JFRA), 47 Japan Platform, 47 Joynson-Hicks, Paul, 180 Jusuf, Gunawan, 239–240 Kanter, Beth, 10 Kenya, 5, 189–208 composition of nonprofits, 191–192 corporate giving, 198–201 country overview and data, 189–192 diaspora savings/giving, 196–197 foundations, 197–198 fundraising infrastructure, 180 fundraising innovation, 204–208 fundraising practices, 193–194, 203–204 government funding, 201 individual donors in, 196 infrastructure for fundraising, 194–195 nonprofit sector composition, 191–193 Safaricom Foundation, 186–187 Kenya Association of Fundraising Professionals (KAFP), 202–203 Kenyans for Kenya campaign, 208 Kickstarter, 123 Kiva, Kony 2012, 329 Korea, 242–255 arts and cultural funding, 250–251 civic organization fundraising, 249–250 fundraising challenges, 251–255 fundraising practices in, 246–251 growth of philanthropy in, 242–245 healthcare fundraising, 249, 252–253 major gifts fundraising, 252–254 mass market fundraising, 251–252 nonprofit sector statistics, 245–246 university fundraising, 248 Korea Federation for Environment Movement (KFEM), 249 bindex.indd 389 389 Krämer, Peter, 306, 310 Kreutzberger, Mario, 84–85 L3C (Low-Profit Limited Liability Company), 125 Lang, Flavia, 86 Latin America, 59–87 commonalities of successful organizations, 86 culture of, 62–63 demographics and geography of, 59–62 diaspora savings/giving, 77 individual giving, 68–80 institutional giving, 80–85 NGO types, 63–64 service-related funds, 66–68 social media, 75–76 top billionaires, 70 types of giving, 72–80 Latin America Donor Index, 80–81 La Usina, 67 Law on Donation for Public Welfare Undertakings, 19 Legacy-giving programs, 106, 149 Legal issues of philanthropy, China, 26–27, 29–30 Lenfest, Marguerite, 310 Livestreaming, 332–334 Location-based services, 335–336 Long Tail Theory, 323 Lottery fundraising, 106, 134, 149 See also Legacy-giving programs Low-Profit Limited Liability Company (L3C), 125 Major donors, 293–313 in Africa, 184 in Australia, 142 challenges brought by, 300 development process, 301–302 fundraising campaigns for, 302–304 the Giving Pledge, 122, 308, 309–312 locating, 294–296 motivations for giving, 297–299 philanthrocapitalism, 122–123, 306–313 reasons to target, 299–300 in Russia, 164–166 in Singapore, 258 2/14/13 7:29 PM 390 INDEX Major gift fundraising, 252–254 See also Major donors Make-a-Wish International, 11–12 Management Centre (=mc), 341, 346, 347, 351, 353 Mankell, Henning, 305 Maralal International Camel Derby, 207 Marathons, Market drivers for globalization, 359–360 Médecins Sans Frontières (MSF), 47, 215, 358 Mega-philanthropists, 121–123 MENA See Middle East and North Africa (MENA) Mengi, Reginald, 184 Mergon Foundation, 214 Mexico, 60, 61, 69–71 Microfinance plus, 366–367 Micro-loans, 177 Micro-philanthropists, 123–125 Middle class donors, 185 Middle donor programs, 105 Middle East and North Africa (MENA), 223–237 See also Arab philanthropy current philanthropic landscape, 225–227 faith-based giving, 228–230 foundation giving, 231–236 institutional giving, 224–225 MIT Poverty Action Lab, 235 Mobile giving, 196, 208 See also Online giving; SMS giving Mohammed bin Rashid Al Maktoum Foundation, 232–233 Monthly/regular gift donations: Australia and New Zealand, 146–148 Japan, 55 Latin America, 72–73, 76, 77 South Africa, 216 Motivations for giving, 297–299 Motsepe, Patrice, 184, 215 Mottainai giving, 55 Muslim philanthropy See Arab philanthropy Mussa, Joan, 114, 115–118 Nadar, Shiv, 282 Naidoo, Jay, 184, 215 Naked Heart Foundation, 165–166 National Endowment for Democracy, 110 bindex.indd 390 National People’s Congress, 26 National Society for Prevention of Cruelty to Children (NSPCC), 105, 345–346, 351, 354 Natural disasters: China, 21, 23, 27–28, 32, 34–35, 37 Japan, 45, 57–58 Latin America, 85 New Zealand, 137 Singapore, 240 The Networked Nonprofit (Kanter), 10 New Public Commons, 50 New Zealand, 135–137 corporate giving, 143 fundraising authorities, 141 fundraising costs, 151 legacy-giving programs, 149 major donors in, 142 regular giving donations, 146–148 suppliers to nonprofits, 141 NGO Council, 192 NGOs (nongovernment organizations), 5, 216 See also name of organization in Africa, 179–180, 183–184, 187–188 effects of social media on, 315–339 (see also Social media/networks) and fundraising innovation (see Innovation) in Japan, 47 in Kenya, 191–192 in Latin America, 63–64 legislation against, major donor development, 301–302 in MENA region, 227 registration of, 24 in Russia, 159–162 in South Africa, 210–211 Nightingale, Florence, 97 Nomadic social media, 334–336 Nongovernment organizations See NGOs (nongovernment organizations) North Africa See Middle East and North Africa (MENA) North America, 109–134 See also Canada; United States Norton, Edward, 123 NSPCC (National Society for Prevention of Cruelty to Children), 105, 345–346, 351, 354 2/14/13 7:29 PM INDEX Occupy Wall Street, 121 Oei Hong Leong, 240 One Foundation, 39–40 One-on-one support, 56 One-time donations, 148–149 Online giving, 4, 312 See also Monthly/ regular gift donations; Social media/networks in Asia, 262–263 in Australia, 146 in India, 275, 284 in Japan, 55, 56–57 in Latin America, 74–77, 84 in Russia, 168 in Western Europe, 99 Organized civil society, ORITEL (International Organization of Telethons), 84 Oxfam, 97 Oxford Thinking, 312–313 Palmer, Scott, 146, 151 Paraguay, 62 Pareto, 137 Pareto Fundraising, 145 Partnership foundation, 94 Peace Winds, 47 Philanthrocapitalism, 122–123, 306–313 See also Major donors Philanthrocapitalism (Bishop and Green), 6, 307 Philanthropy See also Major donors in Africa, 182–187 in Australia, 141 in Canada, 133 in India, 281–288 in Korea, 242–246 mega-philanthropists, 121–123 micro-philanthropists, 123–125 need for structure and regulations, 11–12 in New Zealand, 137 professional philanthropists, 299 in Romania, 175–176 in Russia, 162–167, 170–172 seven global megatrends in, 3–12 in Singapore, 258–260 social role of, 6–7 in South Africa, 214–218, 220–221 venture philanthropy, 99–100 bindex.indd 391 391 Plamienok, 155 Plan International, 47 Planned giving trusts, 56 Platforms for social giving, 9–10 Plough-Back Trust, 215 PMC (Public Mobilization Concept), 325–327 Poland, 155 See also Central and Eastern Europe Potanin,Vladimir, 164–165 Premji, Azim, 282 Private ancillary funds (PAFs), 143 Privileged youth, 298 Proactive PMC, 326–327 Product development for fundraising, 305–306, 368, 369 Professional philanthropists, 299 Public interest corporations (PICs), 45 Public Mobilization Concept (PMC), 325–327 Public utility foundation, 93 Quek Leng ChanQueck, 239 Ramaphosa, Cyril, 184, 215 Reactive donors, 299 Reactive PMC, 325–326 Recycle giving, 55 Red Cross, 5, 10, 35, 47, 58, 178, 180 Red Cross Red Crescent Movement, 10, 357–358, 361–363 Regular giving contributions See Monthly/regular gift donations Regulation, 11–12 in Canada, 131–132 in Kenya, 191–192 in Russia, 161–162, 172 in Singapore, 264 in South Africa, 211–212 in Western Europe, 106–107 Religious giving, 181–182, 194 See also faith-based giving Research exchange, 47 Resource mobilization: in Kenya, 202–203 in Latin America, 63–64, 66 in South Africa, 212, 218–219 Rhino Charge, 204–205 Rockefeller, John D., 122, 123 2/14/13 7:29 PM 392 INDEX Romania, 174–178 development of philanthropy in, 175–176 fundraising practices in, 176–177 individual donors, 176–177 National Register of NGOs, 175 Romanian Red Cross, 178 Ross, Bernard, Rusfond, 168 Russia, 156–174 charitable engagement in, 163–164 civil society reform in, 159–162 corporate giving, 166–167 current philanthropic landscape, 157–159 fundraising practices, 167–170 individual donors in, 166 INGOs (international nongovernment organizations), 168–170 major donors in, 164–166 NGOs as “foreign agents”, 161–162, 172 philanthropy in, 162–167, 170–172 Safaricom Foundation, 186–187, 200 Safaricom Lewa Marathon, 205–206 SAFRG (South Asian Fund Raising Group), 273 Salvation Army, 139 Sandford, T Denny, 122 Sandoz Fondation de Famille, 90 Save the Children, 47, 248, 277, 357, 358 Schools for Africa, 306 Scientific cooperation foundation, 94 Secours Catholique, 100 Seven Steps Approach, 301–302 Severence Hospital, 252 Sexwale, Tokyo, 184, 215 Shiv Nadir Foundation, 282 Shuttleworth, Mark, 184, 215 Silverman, Josh, 332 Singapore, 255–265 country overview and data, 255–257 fundraising practices, 261–262 as INGO hub, 262–263 needed changes in fundraising, 264–265 nonprofit sector composition, 257–258 philanthropy in, 258–260 Slacktivists, 334 Slim, Carlos, 3, 69, 295 Slovakia, 155 See also Central and Eastern Europe bindex.indd 392 Smalley, Eric, 325 Smart phones, 331 gaming apps, 337–338 and nomadic social media, 334–336 SMS giving, 176, 215, 216 Social enterprise, 188, 257 Social media/networks, 9, 315–339 See also Facebook; Twitter Arab Spring events and, 323–324 crowdsourcing, 320–323 digital activists, 334–335 evolution of, 317–320 gaming and activism, 336–338 in India, 284 in Latin America, 75–76 Livestreaming, 332–334 nomadic social media, 334–336 PMC (Public Mobilization Concept), 325–327 Smart phones, 331 speed of, 327–330 transparency and, 324–325 in Western Europe, 105 Social Trysumers, 321 Soros, George, 113, 153 SOS Children’s Villages, 169–170, 215–216, 305, 357, 358 SOS Mata Atlântica, 82–83 South Africa, 209–220 corporate giving, 216–217 country overview and data, 209–210 foundation giving, 216 fundraising practices and strategies, 218–220 future of philanthropy in, 220–221 government funding, 217–218 individual donors in, 214–216 influences in giving, 212–213 infrastructure for fundraising, 213 nonprofit sector in, 210–211 PBOs (Public Benefit Organizations), 212, 213 philanthropy in, 214–218, 220–221 regulation in, 211–212 umbrella organizations, 214 Spain, 106 See also Western Europe Sponsor agency, 25–26 State Council, 26 Stettner, Jon, 11 Street-based face-to-face fundraising, 98 2/14/13 7:29 PM INDEX Street solicitation, 56 Structure and regulations, 11–12 See also Regulation Super league agencies, 5–6 Syrex Infoservices, 278 Tan Passakornnatee, 240 Tanzania, 180–181 See also Africa Tata Group, 282 Taxes, 10 in Canada, 131–132 in Central and Eastern Europe, 154 in China, 29–30 giving by way of, 99, 154 in Japan, 46 in Kenya, 194–195 in Latin America, 65 in Russia, 173 zakat, 228–230 Technology See also Social media/networks and changes to fundraising approaches, 8–11, 37–38, 41 and fundraising performance, 261–262 and global philanthropy, 112 SMS giving, 176, 215, 216 Teema, Tariq H., 234 Telefacing, 283 Telephone fundraising, 277 Telethons, 4, 83–85 Temisevä, Aki, 363–365 Thunderbird International Graduate School of Management, Tinghitella, Martin, 75 Transparency, 24–25, 39, 102, 324–325 Trust for Civil Society in Central and Eastern Europe, 153 Trusts See Foundations Tulip Foundation, 155 Turner, Ted, 113 Twitter, 196, 328–329 Two-step fundraising, 147 TY Danjuma Foundation, 184 Ubuntu, 179, 215 Ufadhili, 199 UHNWIs (ultra high net-worth individuals), 294 Unfriend Coal campaign, 324–325 bindex.indd 393 393 UNHCR (United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees), 357, 358 UNICEF, 11, 47, 84, 216, 243, 246–247, 341, 357, 358 United States, 109–128 capitalism, 111 demographic influences, 112–113 fundraising costs, 119–120 fundraising professionalization, 118–119 immigration, 111 income disparity in, 120–121 individual giving, 120–125 INGOs (international nongovernment organizations), 113 isolation of, 112 philanthropy in, 110–111 sector size, 111 youth/young adult giving, 117 United States Agency for International Development, 110 University foundations, 94 University fundraising, 125, 248 University of Monterrey (UDEM), 71 Uruguay, 62 Van Hees, Anne-Mari, 319 Van Niekerk, Francois, 184, 214 Varela, Jonas Beccar, 76 Venezuela, 7, 61 Venture philanthropy, 99–100, 256 Viesca, Adalberto, 71 Virtual participation, 333 Vodacom, 200 Vodafoe Group Foundation, 186 Vodianova, Natalia, 165 Volunteerism: in Africa, 182–183 in China, 23 in Korea, 254 Von Hippel, Eric, 322 Wealth distribution changes, 369 Wealth statistics, 294–296 Weibo, 21 Weight Watchers, 336 Welfare Organization, 233 Western Europe, 89–107 corporate giving, 103–104 country data, 91–92 foundation giving, 93–94, 100–102 2/14/13 7:29 PM 394 INDEX Western Europe (continued ) fundraising techniques, 98–100, 105–106 giving practices, 95 government funding, 104 history of philanthropy, 96–97 individual giving, 96–100 legacy-giving programs, 106 middle donor programs, 105 “new” philanthropy, 99 nonprofit sector overview, 90–95 professional fundraising, 98 types of giving, 98 Woonsoon Park, 249 World Congress of Muslim Philanthropists (WCMP), 231, 234–235 bindex.indd 394 World Vision, 47, 114–118, 139, 146, 246–247, 276, 357, 358, 363–365 WWF (World Wildlife Fund), 47, 171–172, 272, 333 Young, Carl, 142 Yunis, Muhammed, 236 Yushu earthquake case study, 27–28 Zakat, 229–230 Zimbabwe, See also Africa Zimin, Dmitry, 165 Zobel, Mercedes, 240 2/14/13 7:29 PM ... about Wiley products, visit www.wiley.com Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data: Cagney, Penelope, 195 6Global fundraising: how the world is changing the rules of philanthropy / Penelope... programs of continuous professional development offered by the main professional bodies such as AFP (the U.S.-based Association of Fundraising Professionals) and IoF (the U.K.-based Institute of Fundraising) ... considering the philanthropic potential Global Fundraising: How the W orld Is Changing the Rules of Philanthropy Penelope Cagney and Bernard Ross © 2013 Penelope Cagney, Bernard Ross Published 2013