Multiple criteria decision making applications in environmentally conscious manufacturing and product recovery

Multiple Criteria Decision Making Applications in Environmentally Conscious Manufacturing and Product Recovery  Multiple Criteria Decision Making Applications in Environmentally Conscious Manufacturing and Product Recovery  By Surendra M Gupta and Mehmet Ali Ilgin CRC Press Taylor & Francis Group 6000 Broken Sound Parkway NW, Suite 300 Boca Raton, FL 33487-2742 ©  2018 by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC CRC Press is an imprint of Taylor & Francis Group, an Informa business No claim to original U.S Government works Printed on acid-free paper International Standard Book Number-13: 978-1-4987-0065-8 (Hardback) This book contains information obtained from authentic and highly regarded sources Reasonable efforts have been made to publish reliable data and information, but the author and publisher cannot assume responsibility for the validity of all materials or the consequences of their use The authors and publishers have attempted to trace the copyright holders of all material reproduced in 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by the CCC, a separate system of payment has been arranged Trademark Notice:  Product or corporate names may be trademarks or registered trademarks, and are used only for identification and explanation without intent to infringe Visit the Taylor & Francis Web site at  http://www.taylorandfrancis.com  and the CRC Press Web site at  http://www.crcpress.com  To Sharda Gupta, Monica Gupta, and Neil Gupta  –   Surendra M Gupta  Bahar Sarı  Ilgı n  –  Mehmet Ali Ilgin  Contents Preface  xiii Acknowledgments .xv Authors xvii Multiple  Criteria Decision Making in Environmentally Conscious Manufacturing and Product Recovery  1.1 Introduction 1.2 Quantitative Techniques .2 1.2.1 Goal Programming 1.2.2 Fuzzy Goal Programming .4 1.2.3 Physical Programming 1.2.3.1 Reverse and Closed-Loop Supply-Chain Network Design 1.2.3.2 Disassembly-to-Order Systems 1.2.4 Data Envelopment Analysis 1.2.5 Other Mathematical Models 1.3 Qualitative Techniques .8 1.3.1 Analytical Hierarchy Process 1.3.2 Fuzzy Analytical Hierarchy Process 1.3.3 Analytical Network Process 10 1.3.4 DEMATEL 10 1.3.5 TOPSIS 11 1.3.6 ELECTRE 11 1.3.7 PROMETHEE 12 1.3.8 Multiattribute Utility Theory (MAUT) 12 1.3.9 VIKOR 12 1.3.10 MACBETH 13 1.3.11 Case-Based Reasoning 13 1.3.12 Gray Relational Analysis 13 1.3.13 Other Techniques 14 1.4 Mixed Techniques 14 1.4.1 Analytical Hierarchy Process and Data Envelopment Analysis 14 1.4.2 PROMETHEE and Goal Programming 14 1.4.3 PROMETHEE and Analytical Hierarchy Process 15 1.4.4 PROMETHEE and Analytical Network Process 15 1.4.5 Analytical Hierarchy Process and Case-Based Reasoning 15 1.4.6 Analytical Network Process and Goal Programming 15 vii viii Contents 1.4.7 Analytical Network Process and Data Envelopment Analysis 15 1.4.8 Analytical Hierarchy Process and Genetic Algorithms 16 1.4.9 Analytical Hierarchy Process and Neural Networks 16 1.4.10 Analytical Hierarchy Process and Analytical Network Process 16 1.4.11 Analytical Hierarchy Process and TOPSIS 16 1.4.12 Analytical Network Process and Gray Relational Analysis 16 1.4.13 Analytical Hierarchy Process and Simulation 16 1.4.14 Analytical Hierarchy Process and Structural Equation Modeling 17 1.4.15 Approaches Involving More than Two Techniques 17 1.5 Heuristics and Metaheuristics 18 1.6 Simulation 19 1.7 Conclusions 20 References  21 Techniques Used in the Book 35 2.1 Goal Programming 35 2.2 Fuzzy Logic 36 2.3 Linear Physical Programming 39 2.4 Data Envelopment Analysis 41 2.4.1 CCR Model .42 2.4.2 BCC Model .43 2.5 Analytical Hierarchy Process 44 2.6 Analytic Network Process 45 2.7 DEMATEL 46 2.8 TOPSIS 48 2.9 ELECTRE 49 2.10 PROMETHEE 52 2.11 VIKOR 54 2.12 MACBETH 56 2.13 Gray Relational Analysis 57 2.14 Simulation 59 2.15 Conclusions 60 References  60 Goal Programming 63 3.1 The Model 63 3.1.1 Revenues 63 3.1.1.1 Reuse Revenue .63 3.1.1.2 Recycle Revenue 64 3.1.1.3 New Product Sale Revenue 64 3.1.2 Costs 64 Contents ix 3.1.2.1 Collection/Retrieval Cost 64 3.1.2.2 Processing Cost 64 3.1.2.3 Inventory Cost .65 3.1.2.4 Transportation Cost 65 3.1.2.5 Disposal Cost 65 3.1.3 System Constraints 66 3.2 Numerical Example 68 3.3 Other Models 69 3.4 Conclusions 70 References 70 Fuzzy Goal Programming 71 4.1 The Model 71 4.1.1 Revenues 72 4.1.1.1 Reuse  Revenue  72 4.1.1.2 Recycle Revenue 73 4.1.1.3 New Product Sale Revenue 73 4.1.2 Costs 73 4.1.2.1 Collection/Retrieval Cost 73 4.1.2.2 Processing Cost 73 4.1.2.3 Inventory Cost 74 4.1.2.4 Transportation Cost 74 4.1.2.5 Disposal Cost 75 4.1.3 System Constraints 75 4.2 Numerical Example 77 4.3 Other Models 78 4.4 Conclusions 79 References  79 Linear Physical Programming 81 5.1 The Model 81 5.1.1 Model Formulation 81 5.1.1.1 Class-1S Criteria (Smaller-Is-Better) 81 5.1.1.2 Class-1H Criteria 82 5.1.1.3 Goal Constraints 82 5.1.1.4 System Constraints .83 5.2 Numerical Example 84 5.3 Other Models 85 5.4 Conclusions 86 References  87 Data Envelopment Analysis 89 6.1 The Model 89 6.2 Numerical Example 89 6.3 Other Models 91 160 Multiple Criteria Decision Making Applications 16.2  Other Models GRA is used in Chan (2008) to evaluate EOL processing alternatives considering uncertainty and several criteria at the material level Li and Zhao (2009) developed a green supplier selection methodology by integrating the threshold method and GRA Chen et al (2010) integrated fuzzy logic and GRA to evaluate suppliers based on green criteria Dou et al (2014) integrated the analytical network process and GRA for the valuation of green supplier development programs 16.3 Conclusions In this chapter, a model was presented for the use of GRA to solve an ECMPRO-related problem An overview of other models was also presented in the chapter References  Chan JWK Product end-of-life options selection: grey relational analysis approach International Journal of Production Research  2008;46: 2889– 912 Chen CC, Tseng ML, Lin YH, Lin ZS Implementation of green supply chain management in uncertainty, in: IEEE International Conference on Industrial Engineering and Engineering Management , 2010, pp 260– 4 Dou Y, Zhu Q, Sarkis J Evaluating green supplier development programs with a grey-analytical network process-based methodology European Journal of Operational Research  2014;233: 420– 31 Li X, Zhao C Selection of suppliers of vehicle components based on green supply chain, in: 16th International Conference on Industrial Engineering and Engineering Management , Beijing, 2009, pp 1588– 91 17 Conclusions Due to stricter environmental regulations and decreasing natural resources, environmentally conscious manufacturing and product recovery (ECMPRO) initiatives have received increased attention from researchers and practitioners in recent years Although there are various algorithms, models, heuristics, and software that have been developed to solve ECMPRO-related problems, multiple criteria decision making (MCDM) techniques have lately received increasing attention from scholars due to their ability to consider multiple and conflicting objectives simultaneously Application of MCDM techniques to ECMPRO-related problems is a new and fast-growing area of interest While there are many books on the market that emphasize the application of MCDM techniques to various problems such as sustainable energy and transportation, land-use management, and selection of engineering materials in product design, as of now, none exclusively focuses on the issues that arise in the area of ECMPRO This book addressed the issues that arise in the application of MCDM techniques to the problems associated with ECMPRO The MCDM techniques considered in this book included goal programming, fuzzy goal programming, linear physical programming, data envelopment analysis, analytical hierarchy process, analytical network process, DEMATEL, TOPSIS, ELECTRE, PROMETHEE, VIKOR, MACBETH, and gray relational analysis The issues addressed in this book may serve as foundations to build bodies of knowledge by other scholars in this new and fast-growing field of research 161 Subject Index 3PRLP, see Third-party reverse logistics provider (3PRLP) BCC, see Banker, Charnes, and Cooper (BCC) model A C Advanced information system capabilities (INFO), 151 AHP, see Analytical hierarchy process (AHP) AIV, see Aluminum-intensive vehicle (AIV) Allocation algorithm, 18 Aluminum-intensive vehicle (AIV), Analytical hierarchy process (AHP), 8–9, 17, 44–45, 93–97, 133, 140 and analytical network process, 16 and case-based reasoning, 15 and data envelopment analysis, 14 and genetic algorithms, 16 model, 93–96 and neural networks, 16 other models, 96–97 and simulation, 16 and structural equation modeling, 17 and TOPSIS, 16 Analytic network process (ANP), 10, 17, 45–46, 107–115 and data envelopment analysis, 15 and goal programming, 15 and gray relational analysis, 16 model, 107–112 other models, 112–115 Arena simulation package, 60 Augmented weighted Tchebycheff method, Average weight, 122 Carbon footprint, 89 Case-based reasoning, 13 CCR, see Charnes, Cooper, and Rho (CCR) model CDM, see Collaborative decision making (CDM) approach Center-of-area method, 37 CGR, see Compliance with government regulations (CGR) Charnes, Cooper, and Rho (CCR) model, 41–43 Closed-loop supply-chain network design, 5–6, 85–86 Collaborative decision making (CDM) approach, 10 Collection/retrieval cost, 64, 73 Combined discrete–continuous simulation models, 60 Compliance with government regulations (CGR), 93 Concordance dominance matrix, 136 Continuous simulation models, 60 Core algorithm, 18 Costs, 64–66, 73–75 collection/retrieval, 64, 73 disposal, 65–66, 75 inventory, 65, 74 processing, 64–65, 73–74 transportation, 65, 74 CS, see Customer service (CS) Cultural and strategic issues, 108 Customer service (CS), 99 B Banker, Charnes, and Cooper (BCC) model, 42, 43–44 Battelle Memorial Institute, 46 D Data envelopment analysis (DEA), 7, 41–42, 89–91 163 164 BCC model, 43–44 CCR model, 42–43 model, 89 numerical example, 89–91 other models, 91 DEA, see Data envelopment analysis (DEA); Design for environment activities Decision making trial and evaluation laboratory (DEMATEL), 10–11, 17, 46–48, 117–120 model, 117–120 application of, 118–120 external driving factors, 118 green supply-chain practices, 117 organizational performance, 117–118 other models, 120 Decision making units (DMUs), Defuzzification, 36 Defuzzified trapezoidal fuzzy number, 38 DEMATEL, see Decision making trial and evaluation laboratory (DEMATEL) Design for environment activities (DEA), 93 Disassembly line balancing problem (DLBP), 19, 139 Disassembly time (DT), 139 Disassembly-to-order (DTO) systems, 2, 6, 86 Disconcordance matrix, 135 Discrete-event simulation models, 59 Disposal cost, 65–66, 75 DLBP, see Disassembly line balancing problem (DLBP) DT, see Disassembly time (DT) DTO, see Disassembly-to-order (DTO) systems E Economic performance, 118 ELECTRE, see Elimination and choice translating reality (ELECTRE) Elimination and choice translating reality (ELECTRE), 11–12, 49–52, 133–137 Subject Index model, 133–137 other models, 137 ELSEM, 11 EMS, see Environmental management systems (EMS) End-of-life (EOL) product, 1, 4, 6, 18, 69 Environmentally conscious manufacturing and product recovery (ECMPRO), MCDM in, 1–21, 161 heuristics and metaheuristics, 18–19 mixed techniques, 14–18 analytical hierarchy process, PROMETHEE and, 15 analytical network process, analytical hierarchy process and, 16 analytical network process, PROMETHEE and, 15 approaches involving more than two techniques, 17–18 case-based reasoning, analytical hierarchy process and, 15 data envelopment analysis, analytical hierarchy process and, 14 data envelopment analysis, analytical network process and, 15 genetic algorithms, analytical hierarchy process and, 16 goal programming, analytical network process and, 15 goal programming, PROMETHEE and, 14 gray relational analysis, analytical network process and, 16 neural networks, analytical hierarchy process and, 16 simulation, analytical hierarchy process and, 16 structural equation modeling, analytical hierarchy process and, 17 TOPSIS, analytical hierarchy process and, 16 qualitative techniques, 8–14 analytical hierarchy process, 8–9 analytical network process, 10 165 Subject Index case-based reasoning, 13 DEMATEL, 10–11 ELECTRE, 11–12 fuzzy analytical hierarchy process, 9–10 gray relational analysis, 13 MACBETH, 13 multiattribute utility theory (MAUT), 12 other techniques, 14 PROMETHEE, 12 TOPSIS, 11 VIKOR, 12–13 quantitative techniques, 2–8 data envelopment analysis, fuzzy goal programming, 4–5 goal programming, 2–4 other mathematical models, 7–8 physical programming, 5–6 simulation, 19–20 Environmental management systems (EMS), 93 Environmental performance, 117–18 Environmental regulations, 118 EOL, see End-of-life (EOL) product Extend simulation package, 60 F FAHP, see Fuzzy AHP (FAHP) FC, see Fixed cost (FC) Financial issues, 108 Fixed cost (FC), 99 FL, see Fuzzy logic (FL) FMAUT, see Fuzzy multiattribute utility (FMAUT) Forward/reverse supply-chain network, Fuzzy AHP (FAHP), 18, 99–104 model, 99–100 numerical example, 100–103 other models, 103–104 Fuzzy analytical hierarchy process, 9–10 Fuzzy Delphi method, 17 Fuzzy entropy method, 12 Fuzzy goal programming, 4–5, 71–79 model, 71–77 costs, 73–75 revenues, 72–73 system constraints, 75–77 numerical example, 77–78 other models, 78 Fuzzy logic (FL), 36–39 Fuzzy multiattribute utility (FMAUT), 12 Fuzzy multiobjective linearprogramming model, Fuzzy multiobjective optimization model, Fuzzy set theory, 17 Fuzzy TOPSIS, 11, 18, 122–126, 129 G GAMPA, see Genetic algorithmsbased master planning algorithm (GAMPA) GAs, see Genetic algorithms (GAs) Genetic algorithms (GAs), 5, 6, 19 Genetic algorithms-based master planning algorithm (GAMPA), 18 GLA, see Green logistics activities (GLA) Goal programming (GP), 2–4, 17, 35–36, 63–70 model, 63–68 costs, 64–66 revenues, 63–64 system constraints, 66–68 numerical example, 68 other models, 69 GP, see Goal programming (GP) GPA, see Green production activities (GPA) GRA, see Gray relational analysis (GRA) Gray entropy method, 14 Gray equation coefficient, 159 Gray relational analysis (GRA), 13, 17, 57–58, 157–160 model, 157–159 other models, 160 Gray relational coefficient, 159 Gray system, 57 Green design, 117 Green information systems, 117 Green logistics activities (GLA), 93 Green production activities (GPA), 93 Green purchasing, 117 166 Green Supply Chain Management (GSCM), 9, 10, 130 Green supply-chain practices, 117 GSCM, see Green Supply Chain Management (GSCM) H Heuristics, and metaheuristics, 18–19 I IFGP, see Interactive fuzzy goal programming (IFGP) IFS, see Intuitionistic fuzzy set (IFS) INFO, see Advanced information system capabilities (INFO) Interactive fuzzy goal programming (IFGP), Intuitionistic fuzzy set (IFS), 17 Inventory cost, 65, 74 J Joint operation (JON), 146 L Lexicographic goal programming, see Preemptive goal programming Lexicographic mixed-integer GP model, 4, 69 Linear physical programming (LPP), 5, 6, 39–41, 81–86 model, 81–84 class-1H criteria, 82 class-1S criteria, 81–82 goal constraints, 82–83 system constraints, 83–84 numerical example, 84–85 other models, 85–86 Linear programming, 35 Linear-programming technique for multidimensional analysis of preference (LINMAP), 14 LINGO, 84 Subject Index LINMAP, see Linear-programming technique for multidimensional analysis of preference (LINMAP) LPP, see Linear physical programming (LPP) M MACBETH, see Measuring attractiveness by a categorical based evaluation technique (MACBETH) Manufacturer operation (MAN), 146 Measuring attractiveness by a categorical based evaluation technique (MACBETH), 13, 56–57, 151–156 model, 151–155 evaluating 3PRLPs using M-MACBETH software, 151–155 other model, 155 Mixed-integer programming model, M-MACBETH software, 56, 151–155 MOGA, see Multiobjective genetic algorithm (MOGA) MOLP, see Multi-Objective Linear Programming (MOLP) model Multiattribute utility theory (MAUT), 12 Multicriteria matrix, 14 Multiobjective decision making techniques, see Quantitative techniques Multiobjective fuzzy mathematical programming, Multiobjective genetic algorithm (MOGA), 16 Multi-Objective Linear Programming (MOLP) model, 18 Multiobjective mixed-integer nonlinear programming formulation, Multiobjective mixed-integer programming formulation, Multiple criteria decision making (MCDM) in ECMPRO, 1–21, 161 heuristics and metaheuristics, 18–19 mixed techniques, 14–18 167 Subject Index analytical hierarchy process, PROMETHEE and, 15 analytical network process, analytical hierarchy process and, 16 analytical network process, PROMETHEE and, 15 approaches involving more than two techniques, 17–18 case-based reasoning, analytical hierarchy process and, 15 data envelopment analysis, analytical hierarchy process and, 14 data envelopment analysis, analytical network process and, 15 genetic algorithms, analytical hierarchy process and, 16 goal programming, analytical network process and, 15 goal programming, PROMETHEE and, 14 gray relational analysis, analytical network process and, 16 neural networks, analytical hierarchy process and, 16 simulation, analytical hierarchy process and, 16 structural equation modeling, analytical hierarchy process and, 17 TOPSIS, analytical hierarchy process and, 16 qualitative techniques, 8–14 analytical hierarchy process, 8–9 analytical network process, 10 case-based reasoning, 13 DEMATEL, 10–11 ELECTRE, 11–12 fuzzy analytical hierarchy process, 9–10 gray relational analysis, 13 MACBETH, 13 multiattribute utility theory (MAUT), 12 other techniques, 14 PROMETHEE, 12 TOPSIS, 11 VIKOR, 12–13 quantitative techniques, 2–8 data envelopment analysis, fuzzy goal programming, 4–5 goal programming, 2–4 other mathematical models, 7–8 physical programming, 5–6 simulation, 19–20 N New product sale revenue, 64, 73 Nonpreemptive goal programming, 35 Normalized decision matrix, 127, 133–134, 158 Normalized eigenvectors, 100 O OCPI, see Overall comprehensive performance index (OCPI) On-time delivery performance, 89 Operational performance, 118 Overall comprehensive performance index (OCPI), P Pairwise comparison, 46, 153 PCSC, see Profit in the closed-loop supply chain (PCSC) Physical programming, 5–6 disassembly-to-order systems, reverse and closed-loop supply-chain network design, 5–6 Preemptive goal programming, 4, 35 Preference ranking organization methods for enrichment evaluations (PROMETHEE), 12, 52–54, 139–143 and analytical hierarchy process, 15 and analytical network process, 15 and goal programming, 14 model, 139–143 other models, 143 Price, DEA-based model, 89 Processing cost, 64–65, 73–74 168 Product recovery, 117 Profit in the closed-loop supply chain (PCSC), 63, 71, 72 PROMETHEE, see Preference ranking organization methods for enrichment evaluations (PROMETHEE) Q QFD, see Quality function deployment (QFD) Qualitative techniques, 8–14 analytical hierarchy process, 8–9 analytical network process, 10 case-based reasoning, 13 DEMATEL, 10–11 ELECTRE, 11–12 fuzzy analytical hierarchy process, 9–10 gray relational analysis, 13 MACBETH, 13 multiattribute utility theory (MAUT), 12 other techniques, 14 PROMETHEE, 12 TOPSIS, 11 VIKOR, 12–13 Quality, DEA-based model, 89 Quality function deployment (QFD), 6, 8, 17, 86 Quantitative techniques, 2–8 data envelopment analysis, fuzzy goal programming, 4–5 goal programming, 2–4 other mathematical models, 7–8 physical programming, 5–6 disassembly-to-order systems, reverse and closed-loop supplychain network design, 5–6 R Recycle revenue, 64, 73 Relative closeness coefficient, 129 Reliability, 107 Reuse revenue, 63, 72 Revenues, 63–64, 72–73 new product sale, 64, 73 Subject Index recycle, 64, 73 reuse, 63, 72 Reverse logistics operations, 145–146, 151 Reverse supply-chain network design, 5–6, 85–86 S SEM, see Structural equation modeling (SEM) Simulation, 59–60 Stakeholders, pressures from, 118 Stochastic multiobjective model, Structural equation modeling (SEM), 17 Supermatrix formulation, 46 Sustainable order quantity model, Sustainable supply-chain design methodology, T Taguchi loss functions, 17 Technique for order of preference by similarity to ideal solution (TOPSIS), 11, 48–49, 121–130 other models, 129–130 recycling partners selection, 127–129 determination, 127 ranking, 127–129 recycling programs evaluation, 121–126 ranking, 122–126 success factors, 121–122 TFNs, see Triangular fuzzy numbers (TFNs) Third-party reverse logistics provider (3PRLP), 7, 146, 151–155 TOPSIS, see Technique for order of preference by similarity to ideal solution (TOPSIS) Total inventory cost per period, 82 Total remanufacturing cost per period, 82 Total retrieval cost per period, 82 Total transportation cost per period, 81 Transportation cost, 65, 74 Trapezoidal fuzzy number, 38 Triangular fuzzy numbers (TFNs), 100, 122–125 Subject Index V VlseKriterijumska Optimizacija I Kompromisno Resenje (VIKOR), 12–13, 17, 54–56, 145–149 model, 145–148 other models, 148 W Waste management activities (WMA), 93 169 Weighted fuzzy goal programming, Weighted goal programming, see Nonpreemptive goal programming Weighted normalized decision matrix, 128, 134 Weighted sum method, Weighted Tchebycheff method, WMA, see Waste management activities (WMA) Author Index A Abdul-Kader, W., 9, 12, 97 Amin, S H., 9, 103 Avikal, S., 12, 15, 139, 143 Awasthi, A., 11, 130 Azadi, M., 7, 91 Azzone, G., 8, 96 B Barker, T J., 9, 97 Başlıgil, H., Bereketli, I., 14 Berkol, C., 17 Bhattacharya, A., 10, 115 Blackhurst, J., 8, 96 Boon, J E., 4, 69 Bouchery, Y., Bufardi, A., 12, 137 Büyüközkan, G., 7, 10, 17, 103, 115 C Camelio, J A., 18 Chaabane, A., 4, 69 Chan, H K., 16 Chan, J W K., 13, 160 Charnes, A., 41 Chen, C C., 10, 13, 112, 160 Cheng, Y-H., 10 Chern, C-C., 18 Chi, J M., 14, 91 Chiou, C Y., 9, 103 Choi, J K., 8, 96 Chuang, M-C., 18 ầiftỗi, G., 10, 103, 115 D Dai, J., 8, 96 Datta, S., 12, 13, 148 De Felice, F., 16 Dehghanian, F., 16 Delorme, X., 19 Dhouib, D., 13, 155 Diabat, A., 11, 130 Dou, Y., 16, 115, 160 E Efendigil, T., 9, 103 Erol, I., 12 Evans, G W., 4, 69 F Feyzioglu, O., G Galal, N M., 4, 69 Gao, Y., 11, 129 Ge, Y., 16 Ghazalli, Z., 15 Ghazilla, R., 12, 143 Ghorbani, M., 5, 78 Govindan, K., 11, 16, 114, 130 Grisi, R., 9, 103 Gulsun, B., 10 Gungor, A., 1, 10, 19, 112, 139, 140 Guo, X., 19 Gupta, A., 4, 69 Gupta, S M., 1, 2, 4, 5, 6, 10, 11, 13, 15, 17, 18, 19, 39, 69, 78, 85, 86, 103, 139, 140 H Handfield, R., 8, 96 Haq, A N., 13, 148 Harraz, N A., 4, 69 Hsu, C H., 17 Hsu, C-W., 10, 17, 112 Hu, A H., 10, 112 Huang, D-H., 19 Humphreys, P., 7, 13 171 172 I Iakovou, E., 4, 14, 69 Ilgin, M A., 1, 5, 20, 39, 85 Imtanavanich, P., 2, 5, 6, 69, 78, 86 Isaacs, J A., 4, 69 J Jain, V., Jamshidi, R., 19 Javanmard, H., 17 Jiang, Z., 9, 97 Jun, H B., 18 K Kannan, G., 11, 18, 130 Kim, J., 8, 96 Kongar, E., 2, 4, 6, 69, 78, 86 Kumar, A., 7, 91 Kuo, R J., 15, 91 Kuo, T C., 15, 103 L Lambert, A J D., 5, Langella, I M., 18, 69 Law, A M., 59 Lee, A H I., Lee, F., 10 Lee, S G., 14 Lee, T-R., 103 Li, J., 103 Li, X., 13, 160 Lin, R-J., 11, 120 Lin, Y J., 15, 91 Liu, C-H., 19 Lu, L Y Y., 9, 103 M Mahapatara, S S., 11, 129 Mangla, S., 14 Mansour, S., 16, 20 Massoud, A Z., 2, 6, 69, 86 McGovern, S M., 4, 19, 69, 139 Meade, L., 10, 112 Mehrbod, M., 5, 78 Author Index Mirakhorli, A., Mirhedayatian, S M., 91 Murata, A., 15 N Nasution, P K., Noci, G., 8, 96 Nukala, S., 5, 10, 15, 17, 85, 103 Nurjanni, K P., O Ondemir, O., 4, 6, 69, 86 Ozceylan, E., Özkır, V., P Padmanabhan, K K., 14 Paksoy, T., 7, 8, 17 Petrillo, A., 16 Pishvaee, M S., Pochampally, K K., 5, 6, 11, 17, 85, 86 Punniyamoorty, M., 17 R Ramezani, M., Rao, R V., 12, 14, 148 Ravi, V., 10, 15, 16, 112 Razmi, J., Remery, M., 11, 129 Rickli, J L., 18 S Saaty, T L., 10, 45 Saen, R F., 7, 91 Samantra, C., 13 Sangwan, K S., 14 Sarkis, J., 10, 15, 112 Sarmiento, R., 9, 97 Sasikumar, P., 13, 148 Senthil, S., 16 Shaik, M., 9, 12, 97 Shaverdi, M., 104 Shen, L., 11, 130 Shokohyar, S., 20 173 Author Index Siripokapirom, S., 16 Subramoniam, R., 97 T Taleb, K., 18 Teuteberg, F., 16 Thomas, A., 9, 97 Thongchattu, C., 16 Tuzkaya, G., 10, 15, 115, 143 V Vadde, S., 16 Veerakamolmal, P., 13 Vinodh, S., 10, 11, 114, 129 W Wadhwa, S., 11, 129 Walther, G., 14 Wang, F., Wang, L-C., 19 Wang, X., 8, 16, 96 Wen, U P., 14, 91 Wittstruck, D., 16 Wu, L., 14 X Xanthopoulos, A., 4, 69 Xu, Y., 11, 129 Y Yang, Y., 14 Yeh, C-H., 11, 129 Yeh, W-C., 18 Yu, Y., 9, 103 Z Zabinsky, Z B., 9, 97 Zadeh, L A., 36 Zareinejad, M., 17 Zeid, I., 13 Zhang, G., 9, 103 Zhang, H C., 20 Zhao, C., 13, 160 Zhou, H., 7, 91 Ziout, A., 9, 97 .. .Multiple Criteria Decision Making Applications in Environmentally Conscious Manufacturing and Product Recovery? ?? Multiple Criteria Decision Making Applications in Environmentally Conscious Manufacturing. .. Remanufacturing Modeling and Analysis  xvii Multiple? ? ?Criteria Decision Making in Environmentally Conscious Manufacturing and Product Recovery? ?? 1.1 Introduction Shorter product life cycles and premature... Multiple? ?? Criteria Decision Making in Environmentally Conscious Manufacturing and Product Recovery? ?? 1.1 Introduction 1.2 Quantitative Techniques .2 1.2.1 Goal Programming