1.1 Carneiro’s scalogram
2.1 The lucky latitudes
2.2 The early expansion of the West, 9000–4000 BCE
2.3 The early expansion of the East, 6000–1500 BCE
2.4 The shifting locations of the Eastern and Western cores
2.5 Eastern and Western energy capture, 14,000 BCE–2000 CE
2.6 Eastern and Western social development scores, 14,000 BCE–2000 CE
3.1 Earl Cook’s diagram of energy consumption at different stages of social development
3.2 Western energy capture, 14,000 BCE–2000 CE (linear-linearplot)
3.3 Western energy capture, 14,000 BCE–2000 CE (log-linearplot)
3.4 Western energy capture, 1700–2000 CE
3.5 Economic growth and collapse in the first millennia BCE and CE, as documented by shipwrecks and lead pollution
3.6 Estimated Western energy capture, 500 BCE–200 CE and 1700–2000 CE
3.7 Real wages of unskilled workers, 1300–1800 CE
3.8 Western energy capture, 500 BCE–2000 CE
3.9 Western energy capture, 14,000 BCE and 500 BCE–2000 CE
3.10 Millennium-by-millennium estimates of Western energy capture,14,000 BCE–2000 CE
3.11 House remains from Abu Hureyra, Syria
3.12 Temple remains from Eridu, Iraq
3.13 Alternative methods for estimating Western energy capture, 14,000–500 BCE
3.14 Western energy capture, 14,000 BCE–2000 CE, assuming lower Roman rates and higher early modern rates
3.15 Comparison of the actual estimates of Western energy capture, 1500 BCE–2000 CE, with the assumption of lower Roman and higher early modern scores
3.16 Gregory Clark’s reconstruction of income per person across the past three thousand years
3.17 Eastern energy capture, 14,000 BCE–2000 CE (linear-linear plot)
3.18 Eastern energy capture, 14,000 BCE–2000 CE (log-linear plot)
3.19 Agricultural productivity in Europe and China, 1300–1800 CE
3.20 Real wages in Europe and Asia, 1738–1918 CE
3.21 Eastern and Western energy capture, 1800–2000 CE
3.22 Song and modern energy capture in the East, 1000–1200 and 1800–2000 CE, plotted against Western energy capture
3.23 The “high-equilibrium trap”
3.24 Rhoads Murphey’s impressionistic graph of the rise of the West and decline of the East, 1600–2000 CE
3.25 Eastern energy capture in the second millennium CE
3.26 Ancient, medieval, and modern energy capture in the East, 200 BCE–200 CE and 1000–2000 CE, plotted against Western energy capture
3.27 Three methods of estimating Eastern energy capture, 200–1000 CE
3.28 Eastern and Western energy capture, 200 BCE–2000 CE
3.29 Eastern energy capture, 14,000–9500 BCE and 200 BCE–2000 CE
3.30 Three ways of estimating Eastern energy capture, 9500–200 BCE
3.31 Eastern and Western energy capture, 9500–200 BCE
4.1 Eastern and Western largest city sizes, 8000 BCE–2000 CE
4.2 Western energy capture plotted against city size on a log-linear scale, 14,000 BCE–2000 CE, measured in social development points
4.3 Eastern energy capture plotted against city size on a log-linear scale, 14,000 BCE–2000 CE, measured in social development points
4.4 Western energy capture plotted against city size on a linear-linear scale, 14,000 BCE–2000 CE, measured in social development points
4.5 Eastern energy capture plotted against city size on a linear-linear scale,14,000 BCE–2000 CE, measured in social development points
4.6 The size of the largest Eastern and Western settlements, 4000–1500 BCE
4.7 The size of the largest Eastern and Western settlements, 1000 BCE–1500 CE
4.8 Largest known settlements and levels of community organization since the Ice Age
5.1 Eastern and Western war-making capacity, 3000 BCE–2000 CE (linear-linear scale)
5.2 Eastern and Western war-making capacity, 3000 BCE–2000 CE (log-linear scale)
5.3 Eastern and Western war-making capacity, 3000 BCE–2000 CE, decreasing all scores before 2000 CE by 50 percent
5.4 Eastern and Western war-making capacity, 3000 BCE–2000 CE,plotted on a log-linear scale and decreasing all scores before 2000 CE by 50 percent
5.5 Eastern and Western war-making capacity, 3000 BCE–2000 CE, decreasing scores before 1900 CE
5.6 Eastern and Western war-making capacity, 3000 BCE–2000 CE, plotted on a log-linear scale and decreasing scores before 1900 CE
5.7 Eastern and Western war-making capacity, 1300–1900 CE
5.8 Eastern and Western war-making capacity, 1–1500 CE
5.9 Eastern and Western war-making capacity, 1–2000 CE
5.10 Eastern and Western war-makingcapacity, 1–1900 CE
5.11 Eastern and Western war-makingcapacity, 1–1800CE
5.12 Three ways of estimating Western war-makingcapacity, 3000–1 BCE
5.13 Eastern and Western war-makingcapacity, 3000–1 BCE
5.14 Alternative quantitative estimates of the East: West military balance, 2000 CE
5.15 Eastern and Western war-making capacity in the age of military revolution, 1500–1900 CE
5.16 Eastern and Western war-makingcapacity, 200 BCE–1600 CE
5.17 Western energy capture plotted against war-making capacity on a log-linear scale, 14,000 BCE–2000 CE, measured in social development points
5.18 Eastern energy capture plotted against war-making capacity on a log-linear scale, 14,000 BCE–2000 CE, measured in social development points
5.19 The military hard ceiling, 500 BCE–1600 CE
6.1 Eastern and Western information technology, 4000 BCE–2000 CE (linear-linear scale)
6.2 Eastern and Western information technology, 4000 BCE–2000 CE (log-linear scale)
6.3 Eastern and Western information technology, 4000 BCE–2000 CE (scores modified for printing)
6.4 Eastern and Western information technology, 4000 BCE–2000 CE (log-linear scale, scores modified for printing)
6.5 Western energy capture plotted against information technology on a log-linear scale, 14,000 BCE–2000 CE, measured in social development points
6.6 Eastern energy capture plotted against information technology on alog-linearscale, 14,000 BCE–2000 CE, measured in social development points
7.1 Eastern and Western social development scores, 14,000 BCE–2000 CE, on a log-linear scale
7.2 Eastern and Western social development scores, 14,000 BCE–2000 CE, on a log-linearscale, increasing all Western scores 10 percent and decreasing all Eastern scores 10 percent
7.3 Eastern and Western social development scores, 14,000 BCE–2000 CE, on a log-linear scale, decreasing all Western scores 10 percent and increasing all Eastern scores 10 percent
7.4 Eastern and Western social development scores, 14,000 BCE–2000 CE, on a log-linear scale, increasing all Western scores 20 percent and decreasing all Eastern scores 20 percent
7.5 Eastern and Western social development scores, 14,000 BCE–2000 CE, on a log-linear scale, decreasing all Western scores 20 percent and increasing all Eastern scores 20 percent
7.6 The social development scores seen on a log-linear scale, showing logs of the sums and sums of the logs
7.7 Broad stages of ancient cultural development in five regions of the world
7.8 The shape of things to come? Projecting Eastern and Western social development scores into the twenty-first century CE