(BQ) Nearly two decades after the first Drug Eruptions & Reactions Manual was compiled by Dr. Litt, this classic work has been developed and expanded into Litt’s D.E.R.M. Relied upon by dermatologists and medical practitioners internationally for its unparalleled practical focus on adverse effects and cutaneous reactions, this text is the essential quick-reference tool for patient care and drug safety.
s ’ t t Li DRUG ERUPTION REFERENCE MANUAL INCLUDING DRUG INTERACTIONS 15th EDITION Jerome Z Litt MD s ’ t t i L DRUG ERUPTION REFERENCE MANUAL INCLUDING DRUG INTERACTIONS 15th EDITION s ’ t t i L DRUG ERUPTION REFERENCE MANUAL INCLUDING DRUG INTERACTIONS 15th EDITION Jerome Z Litt, MD Assistant Clinical Professor of Dermatology Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine Cleveland, Ohio, USA Informa Healthcare USA, Inc 52 Vanderbilt Avenue New York, NY 10017 © 2009 by Informa Healthcare USA, Inc Informa Healthcare is an Informa business No claim to original U.S Government works Printed in the United States of America on acid-free paper 10 International Standard Book Number-10: 1-8418-4690-2 (Hardcover) International Standard Book Number-13: 978-1-8418-4690-3 (Hardcover) This book contains information obtained from authentic and highly regarded sources Reprinted material is quoted with permission, and sources are indicated A wide variety of references are listed Reasonable efforts have been made to publish reliable data and information, but the author and the publisher cannot assume responsibility for the validity of all materials or for the consequences of their use No part of this book may be reprinted, reproduced, transmitted, or utilized in any form by any electronic, mechanical, or other means, now known or hereafter invented, including photocopying, microfilming, and recording, or in any information storage or retrieval system, without written permission from the publishers For permission to photocopy or use material electronically from this work, please access www.copyright.com (http://www.copyright.com/) or contact the Copyright Clearance Center, Inc (CCC) 222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, 978-750-8400 CCC is a not-for-profit organization that provides licenses and registration for a variety of users For organizations that have been granted a photocopy license by the CCC, a separate system of payment has been arranged Trademark Notice: Product or corporate names may be trademarks or registered trademarks, and are used only for identification and explanation without intent to infringe Visit the Informa Web site at www.informa.com and the Informa Healthcare Web site at www.informahealthcare.com CONTENTS Introduction vii Index of generic and trade names xi Index of herbals lxv Main classes of drugs lxix Drug eruptions A–Z Drugs responsible for common reaction patterns 671 Description of the 41 most common reaction patterns 703 Alphabetical index of drug eruptions A–Z 711 v To Vel – my Muse INTRODUCTION nosis of a wide variety of medical disorders Indeed, they are a growing cause for concern More and more people – particularly the elderly – are taking more and more prescription and over-the-counter medications In addition, new drugs are appearing in the medical marketplace on an almost daily basis It is unsurprising that, at the same time, more and more drug reactions – especially in the form of cutaneous eruptions – are emerging It has been reported that in 1999 more than 100,000 hospitalized people in the United States died as a result of medications About 5% of hospital admissions in the United States are estimated to be for the treatment of adverse drug reactions Moreover, as many as one-third of all emergency department and urgent care center visits are drug related Between 1% and 3% of hospitalized patients suffer some sort of cutaneous adverse drug reaction Antiinfective and anticonvulsant agents are among the drugs most frequently associated with adverse reactions on the skin Fortunately, most adverse drug reactions are relatively mild, and many disappear when the drug is either stopped or when the dose has changed However, other adverse drug reactions are more serious and longer lasting Severe and life-threatening eruptions occur, such as Stevens-Johnson syndrome and toxic epidermal necrolysis Despite the frequency and sometimes life-threatening nature of ADRs, they remain underreported and thus are an underestimated cause of morbidity and mortality Any drug has the potential to cause a rash or other adverse effect An adverse effect, be it an adverse drug reaction (ADR) or an adverse drug event (ADE), is an unwanted, unpleasant, noxious, or harmful consequence associated with the use of a medication that has been administered in a standard dose by the proper route, for the purpose of prophylaxis, diagnosis, or treatment This definition does not apply to effects resulting from medication abuse, overdose or withdrawal, or error of administration It appears that most ADRs are related to the dose Death is the ultimate adverse drug event Adverse drug reactions are the most common iatrogenic illness, complicating five to 15 percent of therapeutic drug courses Some examples of these include:* IgE-mediated Cytotoxic Immune complex Cell-mediated, delayed Specific T-cell activation Fas/Fas ligand induced Miscellaneous Pharmacologic side effect Secondary pharmacologic side effects Toxicity Drug-drug interactions Overdose Pseudoallergic Idiosyncratic Intolerance Immunologic Drug Reactions Anaphylaxis from B-lactam antibiotics Hemolytic anemia from penicillin Serum sickness from tetanus antitoxin Contact dermatitis from nickel Exanthem from sulfonamides Stevens-Johnson syndrome; Toxic epidermal necrolysis Anticonvulsant hypersensitivity syndrome; Lupus-like syndrome Increasing complexity Nonimmunologic Drug Reactions Dry mouth from antihistamine The incidence and severity of ADRs can be influenced by patient-related factors (age, sex, disease, genetics, geography) They can also be influenced by drug-related factors (type of drug, route of administration – intramuscular, intravenous and topical administrations are more likely to cause hypersensitivity reactions; oral medications are less likely to result in drug hypersensitivity – duration of therapy, dosage, and bioavailability) as well as by interactions with other drugs Furthermore, the prevention, diagnosis and treatment of ADRs are becoming more and more complex More drugs – and more combinations of drugs – are being used to treat patients than ever before The situation is further complicated by the variety of ways in which we talk about adverse drug reactions The terms ‘drug allergy,’ ‘drug hypersensitivity,’ and ‘drug reaction’ are used interchangeably Drug allergy specifically refers to a reaction mediated by IgE; drug hypersensitivity is an immune-mediated response to a drug agent in a sensitized patient; and drug reactions comprise all adverse events Candidiasis from oral antibiotics Hepatotoxicity from methotrexate Seizure from theophylline while taking erythromycin Excessive lidocaine Anaphylactoid reactions from radiocontrast media Hemolytic anemia from primaquine, dapsone, etc Tinnitus from aspirin A growing problem Clearly, ADRs are a major problem in drug therapy They are a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in healthcare and they should therefore be considered in the differential diagvii INTRODUCTION related to drug administration, regardless of etiology Factors associated with an increased risk for hypersensitivity drug reactions include asthma, lupus erythematosus, or use of beta-blockers Atopic patients are at increased risk for serious allergic reactions Adverse drug reactions have been arbitrarily classified into six types: Dose-related (e.g digoxin toxicity) Non-dose-related (e.g immunological reactions) Dose-related and time-related (e.g corticosteroids) Time-related (e.g tardive dyskinesia) Withdrawal (e.g opiate or beta-blocker withdrawal) Unexpected failure of therapy (e.g inadequate dosage of an oral contraceptive) sources: from journal articles and books along with observations from dermatologists from all over the world These references date back to 1980 You will find over 41,000 references on our website, from as far back as 1922 (visit www.drugeruptiondata.com) The first part of the manual is an index of 1,254 Generic Drugs and their corresponding Trade Names (almost 6,000), so that you can easily find the product you are looking for in the A-Z section, which is the main body of the manual Next comes a listing of the various Classes of drugs, and those Generic Drugs that belong to each class The major portion of the manual – the body of the work – lists in A-Z order the 1,254 Generic Drugs, herbals and supplements and the adverse reactions that can arise from their use, along with the appropriate references The latter parts of the manual include a description of the 41 most common Reaction Patterns; a listing of those drugs that can occasion more than 100 different reaction patterns, including, among others, Acne, Acute generalized exanthematous pustulosis, Alopecia, Aphthous stomatitis, Bullous eruptions, Erythema multiforme, Erythema nodosum, Exanthems, Exfoliative dermatitis, Fixed eruptions, Lichenoid eruptions, Lupus erythematosus, Onycholysis, Pemphigus, Photosensitivity, Pityriasis rosea, Pruritus, Psoriasis, Purpura, Toxic epidermal necrolysis, Urticaria, and Vasculitis It is to be expected that physicians in all specialties often are perplexed by the nature of ADRs Just one of the problems hindering them in finding out more about drug reactions is that the few sources that are available to identify the causes of many of drug side effects cannot be accessed by proprietary (Trade, Brand) names Enter Litt’s Drug Eruption Reference Manual This manual is a drug eruption reference work that describes and catalogues the adverse cutaneous side effects of more than 1,250 commonly prescribed and over-the-counter Generic Drugs (more than 60 of which are new to this edition) All drugs have been listed and indexed by both their Generic and Trade (Brand) names for easy accessibility Because of space constraints, several of the Generic Drugs from earlier editions have been extirpated because either they have been withdrawn from the marketplace or they are rarely if ever prescribed today These, please note, are still available – and always will be – on our website – www.drugeruptiondata.com In addition to adverse cutaneous reactions, the manual contains details of many severe, hazardous interactions known to occur between two or more drugs I have incorporated only the highly clinically significant drug interactions that can trigger potential harm, and that could be life-threatening These interactions are predictable and well documented in controlled studies; they should be avoided This subdivision denoting hazardous interactions has been omitted from those drugs where no such interactions have been reported For each drug, I have listed the known adverse side effects – in the form of drug reactions – that can result from the use of the matching drug, focusing particularly on dermatological reactions I have cited appropriate references (author, journal or book, volume, date and page) for each side effect of every drug Where there is more than one reference to a specific side effect, I have employed the most illustrative and recent citation(s) in the literature In this, the 15th edition of the Drug Eruption Reference Manual, I have cited more than 32,000 references and USAGE, STYLE & CONVENTIONS EMPLOYED IN THIS MANUAL The Generic Drug name is at the top of each page A category for Synonyms (where applicable) follows The Trade (Brand) Name(s) are then listed alphabetically When there are many Trade Names, the ten (or so) most commonly recognized ones are listed This compilation lists and cross-references both the Trade and Generic names of all the catalogued drugs Following the more common Trade Name drugs are recorded – in parentheses – the latest name of the pharmaceutical company that is marketing the drug Many of the names of the companies have changed from earlier editions of this manual because of acquisitions, mergers, and other factors in the pharmaceutical industry Beneath the Trade Name listing is a list of Other Common Trade Names, those drugs from other countries Then appears the Indication(s), the Class in which the drug belongs and the Half-Life of each drug, when known On occasion, an important or pertinent Note will follow Reactions: These are the Adverse Reactions to the particular Generic Drug They are classified in six Categories: Skin, Hair, Nails, Eyes, Mucosal (which include ear, nose and throat reactions), and Other Other refers to the reactions available in Litt’s Drug Eruption Database viii INTRODUCTION • The year in parentheses The most recent citation appears www.drugeruptiondata.com; in particular, these include cardiovascular, central nervous system and musculoskeletal reactions Reactions are listed alphabetically in each Category Under each Reaction Pattern are listed the References (the sources of the information) These are arranged in reverse chronological order – the most recent reference appearing first on the list References in the English language predominate For the few foreign references, we have resorted to the summary or abstract The majority of the citations come from the J Am Acad Dermatol, Arch Dermatol, Cutis, Int J Dermatol, Contact Dermatitis, Br J Dermatol, JAMA, Lancet, BMJ, Aust J Dermatol, N Engl J Med, Ann Intern Med, and other prominent and easily accessible journals As a function of space limitations, the list of References has been restricted mainly to those after 1980 As already mentioned, all References going as far back as 1922 can still be accessed on our website Many reference works have been consulted in the course of compiling this manual These include: first This approach seems to be much more logical • Last name and initial(s) of the principal author • A plus sign (+) after the author’s name represents one or more co-authors • Journal name (standard abbreviation where possible), in italics • Volume Number (often followed by a parenthetical Part or Supplemental Number) • First page of the article • Books when cited are italicized, followed by the publisher and page number Other notes: • (sic) means just so This is how the authors designated the REACTION • For example, Rash (sic); Dermatitis (sic); Skin Rash (sic) (2002): Stockley IH, STOCKLEY’S DRUG INTERACTIONS, Pharmaceutical Press, London and Chicago • I have used the term passim to mean ‘in passing’ There are occasional allusions to the incidence of many of the listed Reactions Percentages – which for the most part are essentially vague and meaningless – are obtained from articles, from Zürcher & Krebs, and from Bork I have simplified the references to the many Reaction Patterns by eliminating, for the most part, tags such as ‘– like’ as in ‘–Psoriasis-like’ ‘–reactivation’ ‘–syndrome’ ‘–dissemination’ ‘–iform’, etc Observation means just that Observations (read Anecdotes) are derived from information obtained via the Internet from more than 1,500 reliable dermatologists worldwide, and via personal correspondence If you send me your observations at support@ drugeruptiondata.com they will be catalogued and you will be given appropriate attribution and recognition in the next edition (1998): Kauppinen K et al, SKIN REACTIONS TO DRUGS, CRC Press, Boca Raton (1996): Bruinsma W, A GUIDE TO DRUG ERUPTIONS, The File of Medicines, PO Box 21, 1474 HJ Oosthuizen, Netherlands (1994): Goldstein S & Wintroub BU, ADVERSE CUTANEOUS REACTIONS TO MEDICATION, CoMedica, New York (1992): Zürcher K & Krebs A, CUTANEOUS DRUG REACTIONS, Karger, Basel (1992): Breathnach SM & Hintner H, ADVERSE DRUG REACTIONS and the SKIN, Blackwell, Oxford (1988): Bork K, CUTANEOUS SIDE EFFECTS OF DRUGS, WB Saunders, Philadelphia Enjoy! Jerome Z Litt, M.D January, 2009 There are occasions when there are very few or no adverse reactions to a specific drug These drugs are still included in the manual since there is often a positive significance in negative findings As a departure from the official, conventional and established style guide, the order of each Reference will appear as follows: * Table adapted from American Family Physician, November 1, 2003, M Riedel and A Casillas ix INDEX OF GENERIC AND TRADE NAMES Ursolvan Urson Ursoproge Ursosan Ursotan USCA Uticort Utinor Utradol Vacanyl Vagantin valacyclovir Valadol Valcyte valdecoxib Valdorm Valdrene valganciclovir Valisone Valium Vallergan Valmiran Valodex valproic acid valrubicin valsartan Valstar Valtrex Vamate Vanceril Vancocin vancomycin Vancotil Vaniqa Vanmicina Vanquish Vantas Vantin Vapo-Iso Vaprisol Vaqta vardenafil varenicline Variargil Varilrix Varivax Varsan Vascace Vascal Vascor Vaseretic Vasocidin Vasodilan Vasolan vasopressin Vasopril Vasosulf Vasosuprina Vasotec Vasotop Vasovist Vaxigrip Veclam Vectibix Vecuron vecuronium Velban vinblastine Velbe vinblastine Velcade bortezomib Velodan loratadine Velosef cephradine Velosulin insulin Velosuline Humaine insulin Velsar vinblastine Velsay naproxen venlafaxine Effexor Venoglobulin immune globulin I.V Ventavis iloprost Ventolin albuterol Ventoline albuterol VePesid etoposide Vepeside etoposide Veracef cephradine Veraken verapamil verapamil APO-Verap, Arpamyl LP, Azupamil, Berkatens, Calan, Chronovera, Cordilox, Covera-HS, Geangin, Isoptin, Isoptine, Nu-Verap, Tarka, Veraken, Verelan Verben azatadine Veregen sinecatechins Verelan verapamil Vergon meclizine Verladyn dihydroergotamine Vermicol mebendazole Vermin albendazole Vermox mebendazole Versed midazolam Vertab dimenhydrinate Verteblan dihydroergotamine verteporfin Visudyne Vertigon prochlorperazine Vertizin cinnarizine Vesanoid tretinoin Vesicare solifenacin Vestistol inamrinone Vestra reboxetine Vewon fluoxymesterone Vfend voriconazole Viadur leuprolide Viagra sildenafil Vibazina buclizine Vibazine buclizine Vibra-Tabs doxycycline Vibramycin doxycycline Vibramycine doxycycline Vibravenos doxycycline Vicapan N cyanocobalamin Vicard terazosin Vicks Formula 44 dextromethorphan Vicks Vatronol ephedrine Vicodin acetaminophen, hydrocodone Vicoprofen hydrocodone, ibuprofen vidarabine Adena a Ungena, Arasena, Vira-A Ophthalmic Vidaza azacitidine Videx didanosine Vidopen ampicillin vigabatrin Sabril Vigantol ergocalciferol Vigopen nafcillin vinblastine Velban, Velbe, Velsar Vincasar vincristine vincristine Vincasar vinorelbine Navelbine Vioform clioquinol ursodiol ursodiol ursodiol ursodiol ursodiol ursodiol betamethasone norfloxacin etodolac terbutaline methantheline Valtrex acetaminophen valganciclovir Bextra flurazepam diphenhydramine Valcyte betamethasone diazepam trimeprazine cyclothiazide tamoxifen Depacon, Depakene, Depakote Valstar Diovan valrubicin valacyclovir hydroxyzine beclomethasone vancomycin Balcoran, Diatracin, Vancocin, Vanmicina loperamide eflornithine vancomycin aspirin histrelin cefpodoxime isoproterenol conivaptan hepatitis a vaccine Levitra Chantix trimeprazine varicella vaccine varicella vaccine lindane cilazapril isradipine bepridil hydrochlorothiazide sulfacetamide isoxsuprine isoxsuprine Pitressin, Pressyn fosinopril sulfacetamide isoxsuprine enalapril nimodipine gadofosveset influenza vaccines clarithromycin panitumumab vecuronium Norcuron, Vecuron lxii INDEX OF GENERIC AND TRADE NAMES Vyvanse Viokase pancrelipase Vioxx rofecoxib Vira-A Ophthalmic vidarabine Viracept nelfinavir Viramid ribavirin Viramune nevirapine Virazid ribavirin Virazole ribavirin Viread tenofovir Virilon methyltestosterone Virlix cetirizine Viromone methyltestosterone Viroptic trifluridine Visanon meprobamate Visipaque iodixanol Visken pindolol Vistacarpin pilocarpine Vistagan levobunolol Vistagen levobunolol Vistaril hydroxyzine Vistide cidofovir Visudyne verteporfin Vita Plus E vitamin E Vita-C ascorbic acid Vita-E vitamin E Vitacarn l-carnitine Vitak phytonadione vitamin A Acaren, Acon, Afaxin, Aquasol A, Arovit, Avipur, Avitin, Axerol, Dolce, Palmitate A, Vogan Vitamin B1 l-carnitine Vitamin B1 vitamin b1 Vitamin B12 cyanocobalamin Vitamin B3 niacin vitamin E Aquasol E, Bio E, Davitamon E, Detulin, E Perle, EVitamin Succinate, Ephynal, Eprolin, Optovit-E, PherylE, Vita Plus E, Vita-E, Vitec Vitamin K phytonadione Vitaminol ergocalciferol Vitantial thiamine Vitaseptol thimerosal Vitatropine atropine sulfate Vitec vitamin E Vitrasert ganciclovir Vitravene fomivirsen Vivactil protriptyline Vivatec lisinopril Vividyl nortriptyline Vivitrex naltrexone Vivol diazepam Vogan vitamin A Volmax albuterol Voltaren diclofenac Voltarene diclofenac Voltarol diclofenac Vomacur dimenhydrinate Vomex A dimenhydrinate Vomisen dimenhydrinate Vonum indomethacin voriconazole Vfend vorinostat Zolinza Voxsuprine isoxsuprine Vozet levocetirizine VP-TEC etoposide Vpak51 selenium Vumon teniposide Vypen pindolol Vytorin ezetimibe, simvastatin Waran warfarin Warfilone Waytrax Wehamine Welchol Wellbutrin Welldorm Wellvone Westrim Winobanin Winstrol Wintrocin Wyamicin S Wytens Xalatan Xanax Xanef Xatral Xeloda Xenazine Xenical Xibrom Xifaxan Xigris Xolair Xopenex Xozal Xuprin Xuret Xusal Xylocaine Xylocard Xyrem Xyzal Yamatetan Yasmin Yectamid Youdix Yuma Yurelax Zadine Zaditor Zadstat zafirlukast Zagam zalcitabine zaleplon Zanaflex zanamivir Zanizal Zanosar Zantab Zantac Zantac-C Zantic Zantirel Zantryl Zapex Zariviz Zarondan lxiii lisdexamfetamine warfarin Aldocumar, Coumadin, Coumadine, Marevan, Waran, Warfilone warfarin ceftazidime dimenhydrinate colesevelam bupropion chloral hydrate atovaquone phenylpropanolamine danazol stanozolol erythromycin erythromycin guanabenz latanoprost alprazolam enalapril alfuzosin capecitabine tetrabenazine orlistat bromfenac rifaximin drotrecogin alfa omalizumab levalbuterol levocetirizine isoxsuprine metolazone levocetirizine lidocaine lidocaine sodium oxybate levocetirizine cefotetan oral contraceptives amikacin nalidixic acid hydroxychloroquine cyclobenzaprine azatadine ketotifen metronidazole Accolate sparfloxacin Hivid Sonata tizanidine Relenza nizatidine streptozocin ranitidine ranitidine ranitidine ranitidine salmeterol phentermine oxazepam cefotaxime ethosuximide INDEX OF GENERIC AND TRADE NAMES Zarontin Zaroxolyn Zavedos Zavesca ZD1839 Zebeta Zedolac Zefazone Zefone Zeisin Autohaler Zelnorm Zemplar Zemuron Zenapax Zentel Zentropil Zeos Zephrex Zerit Zestoretic Zestril Zetia Zeto Zevalin Ziac Ziagen Zicam ziconotide zidovudine Zienam zileuton Zimovane Zinacef Zinacet Zinastat Zinat zinc Zinecard Zinnat Zipan ziprasidone Ziriton Zirtin Zithromax Zitromax Zocor Zocord Zofran Zofron Zoladex Zoldan-A Zole zoledronic acid Zolin Zolinza zolmitriptan Zoloft zolpidem Zometa Zomig Zonalon Zoncef Zonegran zonisamide Zorbenal-G Zoref Zoroxin Zostavax Zosyn Zovia Zovirax zuclopentixol acetate zuclopentixol decanoate zuclopentixol dihydrochloride Zumalin Zunden Zyban Zyclir Zyderm-I Zydone Zyflo Zyloprim Zyloric Zymase Zymerol Zynicor Zynox Zyplast Zyprexa Zyrtec Zyvox ethosuximide metolazone idarubicin miglustat gefitinib bisoprolol etodolac cefmetazole ceftriaxone pirbuterol tegaserod paricalcitol rocuronium daclizumab albendazole phenytoin loratadine benzalkonium stavudine lisinopril, hydrochlorothiazide lisinopril ezetimibe azithromycin ibritumomab bisoprolol, hydrochlorothiazide abacavir zinc Prialt Combivir, Novo-AZT, Retrovir, Retrovis, Trizivir imipenem/cilastatin Zyflo eszopiclone cefuroxime cefuroxime pyrazinamide cefuroxime Calamine, Cold-Eeze, Galzin, Zicam dexrazoxane cefuroxime tramadol Geodon carbinoxamine cetirizine azithromycin azithromycin simvastatin lxiv simvastatin ondansetron ondansetron goserelin danazol miconazole Zometa cefazolin vorinostat Zomig sertraline Ambien, Niotal, Stilnoct, Stilnox zoledronic acid zolmitriptan doxepin cefoperazone zonisamide Zonegran tetracycline cefuroxime norfloxacin zoster vaccine piperacillin oral contraceptives acyclovir Clopixol–Acuphase Clopixol Depot Clopixol tablets lincomycin piroxicam bupropion acyclovir collagen hydrocodone zileuton allopurinol allopurinol pancrelipase cimetidine nicorandil naloxone collagen olanzapine cetirizine linezolid INDEX OF HERBALS Herbal drug names are in bold boswellia 3,4’,5-trihydroxystilbene resveratrol 4-androstene-3,17-dione androstenedione Boswellia carterii, Boswellia commiphora, Boswellia ovalifoliolata, Boswellia serrata Boswellia carterii boswellia Boswellia commiphora boswellia Boswellia ovalifoliolata boswellia Boswellia serrata boswellia brewer’s yeast Saccharomyces boulardii, Saccharomyces cerevisiae bromelain Ananas comosus, Ananas duckei, Ananas sativus, Bromelia ananas, Bromelia comosa Bromelia ananas bromelain Bromelia comosa bromelain butterbur Petasites hybridus, Petasites officinalis Buxus chinensis jojoba oil Acanthopanax senticosus siberian ginseng Achillea millefolium yarrow Actaea macrotys black cohosh Actaea racemosa black cohosh Aesculus hippocastanum horse chestnut (bark, flower, leaf, seed) All-Trans-Lycopene lycopene Allium sativum garlic Aloë africana aloe vera (gel, juice, leaf) Aloë barbadensis aloe vera (gel, juice, leaf) Aloë ferox aloe vera (gel, juice, leaf) Aloë spicata aloe vera (gel, juice, leaf) aloe vera (gel, juice, leaf) Aloë africana, Aloë barbadensis, Aloë ferox, Aloë spicata Ananas comosus bromelain Ananas duckei bromelain Ananas sativus bromelain Androst-4-ene-3,17-dione androstenedione androstenedione 4-androstene-3,17-dione, Androst-4-ene-3,17-dione Angelica sinensis dong quai Apium carvi caraway aristolochia Aristolochia clematitis, Aristolochia serpentaria Aristolochia clematitis aristolochia Aristolochia serpentaria aristolochia arnica Arnica fulgens, Arnica montana, Arnica sororia Arnica fulgens arnica Arnica montana arnica Arnica sororia arnica artemisia Artemisia annua, Benflumetol, Co-artemether, Coartem, Riamet Artemisia annua artemisia artichoke Cynara cardunculus, Cynara scolymus Astragalus gossypinus tragacanth gum Astragalus gummifer tragacanth gum Astragalus membranaceus astragalus root Astragalus mongholicus astragalus root astragalus root Astragalus membranaceus, Astragalus mongholicus caffeine Coffea arabica, Coffea canephora, Coffea robusta, Cola acuminata, guarana (Paullinia cupana), Thea sinensis, Theobroma cacao Camellia sinensis green tea Camellia thea green tea Camellia theifera green tea capsicum Capsicum annuum, Capsicum baccatum, Capsicum chinense, Capsicum frutescens, Capsicum pubscens Capsicum annuum capsicum Capsicum baccatum capsicum Capsicum chinense capsicum Capsicum frutescens capsicum Capsicum pubscens capsicum caraway Apium carvi, Carum carvi Carduus marainum milk thistle Carum carvi caraway cascara Frangula purshianus, Rhamnus purshiana Cassia acutifolia senna Cassia angustifolia senna Cassia obtusifloia senna Cassia senna senna Cassia tora senna Caulophyllum thalictroides blue cohosh chamomile Chamomilla recutita, Matricaria chamomilla, Matricaria recutita Chamomilla recutita chamomile chasteberry Vitex agnus-castus chicory Cichorium intybus chondroitin Chondroitin 4- and 6-sulfate, Chondroitin 4-sulfate, Condrosulf, Structum Chondroitin 4- and 6-sulfate chondroitin Chondroitin 4-sulfate chondroitin Chrysanthemum parthenium feverfew Cichorium intybus chicory Cimicifuga racemosa black cohosh Citrus aurantium ssp bergamia bergamot Citrus decumana grapefruit juice Citrus maxima grapefruit juice Citrus paradisi grapefruit juice Co-artemether artemisia Coartem artemisia cocoa Theobroma cacao, Theobroma sativum coenzyme Q-10 Mitoquinone, Ubidecarenone, Ubiquinone Coffea arabica caffeine Coffea canephora caffeine Coffea robusta caffeine Benflumetol bergamot bifidobacteria artemisia Citrus aurantium ssp bergamia Bifidobacterium adolescentis, Bifidobacterium animalis, Bifidobacterium bifidum, Bifidobacterium breve, Bifidobacterium infantis, Bifidobacterium lactis, Bifidobacterium longum Bifidobacterium adolescentis bifidobacteria Bifidobacterium animalis bifidobacteria Bifidobacterium bifidum bifidobacteria Bifidobacterium breve bifidobacteria Bifidobacterium infantis bifidobacteria Bifidobacterium lactis bifidobacteria Bifidobacterium longum bifidobacteria black cohosh Actaea macrotys, Actaea racemosa, Cimicifuga racemosa bloodroot Sanguinaria canadensis blue cohosh Caulophyllum thalictroides lxv INDEX OF HERBALS feverfew Chrysanthemum parthenium, Pyrethrum parthenium, Tanacetum parthenium Filipendula ulmaria meadowsweet fish oils docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), Omega-3 fatty acids Frangula purshianus cascara Cola acuminata comfrey caffeine Symphytum asperum, Symphytum officinale, Symphytum peregrinum, Symphytum x uplandicum Commiphora abyssinica myrrh Commiphora erythraea myrrh Commiphora habessinica myrrh Commiphora kataf myrrh Commiphora madagascariensis myrrh Commiphora molmol myrrh Commiphora myrrh myrrh Condrosulf chondroitin cordyceps Cordyceps sinensis Cordyceps sinensis cordyceps cranberry Vaccinium oxycoccus Crataegus laevigata hawthorn (fruit, leaf, flower extract) Crataegus monogyna hawthorn (fruit, leaf, flower extract) Crataegus oxyacantha hawthorn (fruit, leaf, flower extract) Crataegus pentagyna hawthorn (fruit, leaf, flower extract) creatine N-(aminoiminomethyl)-N methyl glycine, N-amidinosarcosine Curcuma aromatica turmeric Curcuma domestica turmeric Curcuma longa turmeric Curcuma xanthorrhiza turmeric Cynara cardunculus artichoke Cynara scolymus artichoke garlic Allium sativum ginger Zingiber officinale Ginkgo biloba ginkgo biloba ginkgo biloba Ginkgo biloba ginseng Panax ginseng Glycyrrhiza glabra licorice Glycyrrhiza uralensis licorice goldenseal Hydrastis canadensis grapefruit juice Citrus decumana, Citrus maxima, Citrus paradisi green tea Camellia sinensis, Camellia thea, Camellia theifera, Thea bohea, Thea sinensis, Thea viridis guarana Paullinia cupana, Paullinia sorbilis guarana (Paullinia cupana) caffeine dan-shen Salvia miltiorrhiza devil’s claw Harpagophytum procumbens, Harpagophytum zeyheri docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) fish oils docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) omega-3 fatty acids dong quai Angelica sinensis Drimia indica squill Drimia maritima squill Harpagophytum procumbens devil’s claw Harpagophytum zeyheri devil’s claw hawthorn (fruit, leaf, flower extract) Crataegus laevigata, Crataegus monogyna, Crataegus oxyacantha, Crataegus pentagyna henna Lawsonia alba, Lawsonia inermis hops Humulus lupulus horse chestnut (bark, flower, leaf, seed) Aesculus hippocastanum horsetail Equisetum arvense, Equisetum myriochaetum, Equisetum ramosissimum, Equisetum telmateia Humulus lupulus hops Hydrastis canadensis goldenseal Hypericum perforatum St John’s wort echinacea Illicium verum Echinacea angustifola, Echinacea pallida, Echinacea purpurea Echinacea angustifola echinacea Echinacea pallida echinacea Echinacea purpurea echinacea eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) fish oils eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) omega-3 fatty acids Eleutherococcus senticosus siberian ginseng ephedra Ephedra equisetina, Ephedra intermedia, Ephedra sinica, Ephedra vulgaris Ephedra equisetina ephedra Ephedra intermedia ephedra Ephedra sinica ephedra Ephedra vulgaris ephedra Equisetum arvense horsetail Equisetum myriochaetum horsetail Equisetum ramosissimum horsetail Equisetum telmateia horsetail eucalyptus Eucalyptus bicostata, Eucalyptus fruticetorum, Eucalyptus globulus, Eucalyptus odorata, Eucalyptus pauciflora, Eucalyptus polybractea, Eucalyptus smithii Eucalyptus bicostata eucalyptus Eucalyptus fruticetorum eucalyptus Eucalyptus globulus eucalyptus Eucalyptus odorata eucalyptus Eucalyptus pauciflora eucalyptus Eucalyptus polybractea eucalyptus Eucalyptus smithii eucalyptus evening primrose Oenothera biennis, Oenothera muricata, Oenothera purpurata, Oenothera rubricaulis, Oenothera suaveolens jojoba oil juniper Juniperus communis Juniperus oxycedrus Juniperus phoenicea Juniperus virginiana kava Kira star anise (chinese) Buxus chinensis, Simmondsia chinensis Juniperus communis, Juniperus oxycedrus, Juniperus phoenicea, Juniperus virginiana juniper juniper juniper juniper Piper methysticum St John’s wort L-2-amino-3-(indole-3yl) propionic acid tryptophan lactobacillus Lactobacillus acidophilus, Lactobacillus amylovorus, Lactobacillus brevis, Lactobacillus bulgaricus, Lactobacillus casei, Lactobacillus crispatus, Lactobacillus delbrueckii, Lactobacillus fermentum, Lactobacillus gallinarum, Lactobacillus johnsonii, Lactobacillus paracasei, Lactobacillus plantarum, Lactobacillus reuteri, Lactobacillus rhamnosus, Lactobacillus salivarius, Lactobacillus sporogenes Lactobacillus acidophilus lactobacillus Lactobacillus amylovorus lactobacillus Lactobacillus brevis lactobacillus Lactobacillus bulgaricus lactobacillus Lactobacillus casei lactobacillus Lactobacillus crispatus lactobacillus Lactobacillus delbrueckii lactobacillus Lactobacillus fermentum lactobacillus Lactobacillus gallinarum lactobacillus Lactobacillus johnsonii lactobacillus lxvi INDEX OF HERBALS Lactobacillus paracasei lactobacillus Lactobacillus plantarum lactobacillus Lactobacillus reuteri lactobacillus Lactobacillus rhamnosus lactobacillus Lactobacillus salivarius lactobacillus Lactobacillus sporogenes lactobacillus Lavandula angustifolia lavender Lavandula dentata lavender Lavandula spica lavender Lavandula vera lavender lavender Lavandula angustifolia, Lavandula dentata, Lavandula spica, Lavandula vera Lawsonia alba henna Lawsonia inermis henna lemon balm Melissa officinalis licorice Glycyrrhiza glabra, Glycyrrhiza uralensis linseed Linum usitatissimum Linum usitatissimum linseed lycopene All-Trans-Lycopene, Psi-Psi-Carotene Matricaria chamomilla chamomile Matricaria recutita chamomile meadowsweet Filipendula ulmaria, Spiraea ulmaria Melaleuca alternifolia tea tree Melaleuca cajeputi tea tree Melaleuca dissitifolia tea tree Melaleuca linafolia tea tree melatonin N-acetyl-5-methoxytryptamine Melissa officinalis lemon balm Mentha piperita peppermint milk thistle Carduus marainum, Silibum marianum mistletoe Phoradendron flavescens, Phoradendron leucarpum, Phoradendron macrophyllum, Phoradendron rubrum, Phoradendron serotinum, Phoradendron tomentosum, Viscum album Mitoquinone coenzyme Q-10 Monascus purpureus red rice yeast Monosodium glutamate monosodium glutamate monosodium glutamate Monosodium glutamate myrrh Commiphora abyssinica, Commiphora erythraea, Commiphora habessinica, Commiphora kataf, Commiphora madagascariensis, Commiphora molmol, Commiphora myrrh N-(aminoiminomethyl)-N methyl glycine N-acetyl-5-methoxytryptamine N-amidinosarcosine Oenothera biennis Oenothera muricata Oenothera purpurata Oenothera rubricaulis Oenothera suaveolens Omega-3 fatty acids Omega-3 fatty acids omega-3 fatty acids creatine melatonin creatine evening primrose evening primrose evening primrose evening primrose evening primrose fish oils omega-3 fatty acids docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), Omega-3 fatty acids Panax ginseng ginseng Paullinia cupana guarana Paullinia sorbilis guarana Pausinystalia yohimbe yohimbine peppermint Mentha piperita Petasites hybridus butterbur Petasites officinalis butterbur phellodendron Phellodendron amurense, Phellodendron chinense, Phellodendron wilsonii Phellodendron amurense Phellodendron chinense Phellodendron wilsonii Phoradendron flavescens Phoradendron leucarpum Phoradendron macrophyllum Phoradendron rubrum Phoradendron serotinum Phoradendron tomentosum Piper methysticum Propolis propolis Psi-Psi-Carotene Pyrethrum parthenium phellodendron phellodendron phellodendron mistletoe mistletoe mistletoe mistletoe mistletoe mistletoe kava propolis Propolis lycopene feverfew Quanterra Emotional Balance St John’s wort raspberry leaf red clover red rice yeast resveratrol Rubus idaeus Trifolium pratense Monascus purpureus 3,4’,5-trihydroxystilbene, trans-resveratrol-3-O-glucuronide, trans-resveratrol-3-sulfate Rhamnus purshiana cascara Riamet artemisia rosemary Rosmarinus officinalis Rosmarinus officinalis rosemary Rubus idaeus raspberry leaf rue Ruta chalepensis, Ruta corsica, Ruta graveolens, Ruta montana Ruta chalepensis rue Ruta corsica rue Ruta graveolens rue Ruta montana rue Sabal serrulata saw palmetto Saccharomyces boulardii brewer’s yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae brewer’s yeast Salix alba willow bark Salix fragilis willow bark Salix purpurea willow bark Salvia miltiorrhiza dan-shen Sanguinaria canadensis bloodroot sarsaparilla Smilax aristolochiaefolia, Smilax febrifuga, Smilax glabra, Smilax japicanga, Smilax officinalis, Smilax ornata, Smilax regelii, Smilax rotundifolia saw palmetto Sabal serrulata, Serenoa repens, Serenoa serrulata Scilla indica squill Scilla maritima squill senna Cassia acutifolia, Cassia angustifolia, Cassia obtusifloia, Cassia senna, Cassia tora, Senna alexandrina, Senna obtusifolia, Senna tora Senna alexandrina senna Senna obtusifolia senna Senna tora senna Serenoa repens saw palmetto Serenoa serrulata saw palmetto siberian ginseng Acanthopanax senticosus, Eleutherococcus senticosus Silibum marianum milk thistle Simmondsia chinensis jojoba oil Smilax aristolochiaefolia sarsaparilla Smilax febrifuga sarsaparilla Smilax glabra sarsaparilla Smilax japicanga sarsaparilla Smilax officinalis sarsaparilla Smilax ornata sarsaparilla Smilax regelii sarsaparilla lxvii INDEX OF HERBALS sarsaparilla meadowsweet Drimia indica, Drimia maritima, Scilla indica, Scilla maritima, Urginea indica, Urginea maritima, Urginea scilla St John’s wort Hypericum perforatum, Kira, Quanterra Emotional Balance star anise (chinese) Illicium verum Structum chondroitin Symphytum asperum comfrey Symphytum officinale comfrey Symphytum peregrinum comfrey Symphytum x uplandicum comfrey tryptophan turmeric Tanacetum parthenium tea tree Valeriana edulis Valeriana jatamansii Valeriana officinalis Valeriana sitchensis Valeriana wallichii Viscum album Vitex agnus-castus Smilax rotundifolia Spiraea ulmaria squill feverfew Melaleuca alternifolia, Melaleuca cajeputi, Melaleuca dissitifolia, Melaleuca linafolia Thea bohea green tea Thea sinensis green tea Thea sinensis caffeine Thea viridis green tea Theobroma cacao caffeine Theobroma cacao cocoa Theobroma sativum cocoa tragacanth gum Astragalus gossypinus, Astragalus gummifer trans-resveratrol-3-O-glucuronide resveratrol trans-resveratrol-3-sulfate resveratrol Trifolium pratense red clover Ubidecarenone Ubiquinone Urginea indica Urginea maritima Urginea scilla Vaccinium oxycoccus valerian willow bark yarrow yohimbine Zingiber officinale lxviii L-2-amino-3-(indole-3yl) propionic acid Curcuma aromatica, Curcuma domestica, Curcuma longa, Curcuma xanthorrhiza coenzyme Q-10 coenzyme Q-10 squill squill squill cranberry Valeriana edulis, Valeriana jatamansii, Valeriana officinalis, Valeriana sitchensis, Valeriana wallichii valerian valerian valerian valerian valerian mistletoe chasteberry Salix alba, Salix fragilis, Salix purpurea Achillea millefolium Pausinystalia yohimbe ginger MAIN CLASSES OF DRUGS 5-HT1 agonist almotriptan eletriptan frovatriptan naratriptan rizatriptan sumatriptan zolmitriptan 5-HT3 antagonist alosetron dolasetron granisetron ondansetron palonosetron Adrenergic alpha-receptor agonist clonidine dexmedetomidine dopamine ephedrine guanabenz guanadrel guanethidine guanfacine methyldopa midodrine mirtazapine phenylephrine phenylpropanolamine polythiazide pseudoephedrine Adrenergic alpha2-receptor agonist apraclonidine brimonidine tizanidine Adrenergic alpha-receptor antagonist alfuzosin doxazosin phenoxybenzamine phentolamine prazosin tamsulosin terazosin urapidil Adrenergic beta-receptor agonist albuterol arbutamine dobutamine isoetharine isoproterenol isoxsuprine levalbuterol metoprolol pirbuterol Adrenergic beta2-receptor agonist formoterol ritodrine salmeterol terbutaline Adrenergic beta-receptor antagonist acebutolol atenolol betaxolol bisoprolol carteolol carvedilol esmolol labetalol levobetaxolol levobunolol metipranolol nadolol nebivolol penbutolol pindolol propranolol sotalol timolol Alkylating agent altretamine bendamustine busulfan carboplatin carmustine chlorambucil cisplatin cyclophosphamide dacarbazine estramustine ifosfamide lomustine mechlorethamine melphalan mitomycin oxaliplatin procarbazine streptozocin temozolomide thiotepa Amphetamine benzphetamine dextroamphetamine diethylpropion MDMA lxix methamphetamine methylphenidate pemoline phendimetrazine phentermine Analgesic aceclofenac bromelain buprenorphine devil’s claw oxymorphone peppermint narcotic dextromethorphan non-narcotic acetaminophen non-opioid ketorolac opioid alfentanil fentanyl urinary pentosan phenazopyridine Anesthetic alfentanil edrophonium fentanyl ketamine general chloral hydrate propofol sodium oxybate sufentanil inhalation desflurane enflurane halothane isoflurane methoxyflurane sevoflurane local bupivacaine cocaine levobupivacaine lidocaine Angiotensin II receptor antagonist candesartan eprosartan irbesartan losartan olmesartan telmisartan valsartan MAIN CLASSES OF DRUGS ACE inhibitor benazepril captopril cilazapril enalapril fosinopril imidapril lisinopril moexipril perindopril quinapril ramipril trandolapril Anti-inflammatory aloe vera (gel, juice, leaf) amlexanox bloodroot boswellia bromelain butterbur caraway clofazimine colchicine devil’s claw eucalyptus evening primrose fish oils henna horsetail juniper licorice linseed meadowsweet myrrh omega-3 fatty acids polypodium leucotomos sarsaparilla saw palmetto turmeric willow bark yarrow Antiarrhythmic class 1a disopyramide procainamide quinidine class 1b diphenylhydantoin lidocaine mexiletine phenytoin tocainide class 1c flecainide lorcainide moricizine propafenone class II acebutolol atenolol esmolol labetalol metoprolol nadolol propranolol class III amiodarone bretylium dofetilide ibutilide sotalol class IV adenosine amlodipine bepridil digoxin diltiazem verapamil Antibiotic aminoglycoside amikacin gentamicin kanamycin neomycin paromomycin streptomycin tobramycin anthracycline bleomycin dactinomycin daunorubicin doxorubicin epirubicin idarubicin mitomycin mitoxantrone peplomycin valrubicin beta-lactam aztreonam ertapenem imipenem/cilastatin meropenem glycopeptide daptomycin vancomycin imidazole clotrimazole ketoconazole mebendazole miconazole sertaconazole thiabendazole lincosamide clindamycin lincomycin macrolide azithromycin clarithromycin dirithromycin erythromycin lxx roxithromycin sirolimus telithromycin troleandomycin nitrofuran furazolidone nitrofurazone nitroimidazole metronidazole tinidazole oxazolidinone linezolid penicillin amoxicillin ampicillin bacampicillin carbenicillin cloxacillin dicloxacillin methicillin mezlocillin nafcillin oxacillin penicillin G penicillin V piperacillin ticarcillin quinolone cinoxacin ciprofloxacin enoxacin gatifloxacin gemifloxacin grepafloxacin levofloxacin lomefloxacin moxifloxacin nalidixic acid norfloxacin ofloxacin sparfloxacin trovafloxacin rifamycin rifabutin rifampin rifapentine rifaximin streptogramin quinupristin/dalfopristin sulfonamide co-trimoxazole sulfacetamide sulfadiazine sulfadoxine sulfamethoxazole sulfisoxazole tetracycline chlortetracycline demeclocycline doxycycline minocycline oxytetracycline MAIN CLASSES OF DRUGS tetracycline tigecycline topical mupirocin triazole fluconazole itraconazole terconazole voriconazole miscellaneous aminosalicylate sodium bacitracin capreomycin chloramphenicol cycloserine dapsone ethionamide fosfomycin INH isoniazid methenamine nitrofurantoin plicamycin pyrazinamide quinacrine spectinomycin Anticholinergic benztropine biperiden dicyclomine flavoxate glycopyrrolate hyoscyamine ipratropium oxybutynin scopolamine tiotropium trospium Anticoagulant anisindione ceprotin danaparoid fondaparinux heparin warfarin Anticonvulsant carbamazepine divalproex felbamate gabapentin lamotrigine levetiracetam oxcarbazepine phenobarbital phensuximide pregabalin primidone tiagabine topiramate valproic acid vigabatrin hydantoin ethotoin fosphenytoin mephenytoin phenytoin oxazolidinedione paramethadione trimethadione succinimide ethosuximide methsuximide sulfonamide zonisamide Antidepressant bupropion citalopram duloxetine escitalopram fluoxetine fluvoxamine isocarboxazid nefazodone paroxetine phenelzine selegiline sertraline tranylcypromine tryptophan bicyclic venlafaxine tetracyclic amoxapine maprotiline mirtazapine tricyclic amitriptyline clomipramine desipramine doxepin imipramine nortriptyline protriptyline trazodone trimipramine Antifungal posaconazole Antihistamine levocetirizine Antimalarial artemisia atovaquone chloroquine hydroxychloroquine mefloquine primaquine pyrimethamine lxxi quinacrine quinidine quinine sulfadoxine Antimycobacterial amphotericin B clofazimine dapsone ethambutol flucytosine griseofulvin INH isoniazid nystatin potassium iodide star anise (Chinese) terbinafine echinocandin anidulafungin caspofungin Antineoplastic asparaginase azacitidine capecitabine carboplatin cetuximab cisplatin cladribine cytarabine dacarbazine decitabine denileukin floxuridine fludarabine fluorouracil gemcitabine gemtuzumab hydroxyurea ibritumomab levamisole mercaptopurine mitotane mitoxantrone nelarabine nilutamide oxaliplatin pegaspargase pentostatin porfimer temozolomide teniposide testolactone thioguanine tositumomab & iodine131 trastuzumab Antiplatelet abciximab aspirin cilostazol MAIN CLASSES OF DRUGS dipyridamole eptifibatide tirofiban thienopyridine clopidogrel ticlopidine Antiprotozoal atovaquone chloroquine hydroxychloroquine mefloquine mepacrine nitazoxanide pentamidine primaquine pyrimethamine quinidine quinine Antipsychotic amisulpride aripiprazole carbamazepine droperidol lithium molindone olanzapine pimozide quetiapine risperidone thiothixene trimeprazine valproic acid zuclopentixol acetate zuclopentixol decanoate zuclopentixol dihydrochloride benzothiazolylpiperazine ziprasidone butyrophenone haloperidol phenothiazine chlorpromazine fluphenazine mesoridazine perphenazine prochlorperazine promazine promethazine thioridazine trifluoperazine tricyclic clozapine loxapine Antiretroviral abacavir adefovir amprenavir atazanavir darunavir delavirdine didanosine efavirenz emtricitabine enfuvirtide fosamprenavir hydroxyurea indinavir lamivudine maraviroc nelfinavir nevirapine raltegravir ritonavir saquinavir stavudine tenofovir zalcitabine zidovudine Antiviral amantadine cytarabine entecavir famciclovir foscarnet ganciclovir imiquimod oseltamivir penciclovir rimantadine trifluridine valacyclovir valganciclovir zanamivir nucleoside analog ribavirin vidarabine nucleotide analog cidofovir topical acyclovir docosanol Anxiolytic buspirone chlormezanone kava lavender meprobamate valerian Barbiturate amobarbital aprobarbital butabarbital butalbital mephobarbital methohexital pentobarbital phenobarbital primidone secobarbital lxxii thiopental Benzodiazepine alprazolam chlordiazepoxide clobazam clonazepam clorazepate diazepam estazolam flurazepam lorazepam midazolam nitrazepam oxazepam prazepam quazepam temazepam triazolam Bisphosphonate tiludronate Calcium channel blocker amlodipine bepridil clevidipine diltiazem felodipine isradipine nicardipine nifedipine nimodipine nisoldipine verapamil ziconotide Carbonic anhydrase inhibitor acetazolamide brinzolamide dorzolamide methazolamide CB1 cannabinoid receptor antagonist rimonabant Central muscle relaxant carisoprodol chlormezanone chlorzoxazone cyclobenzaprine meprobamate metaxalone methocarbamol orphenadrine Cephalosporin 1st generation cefadroxil cefazolin cephalexin cephalothin MAIN CLASSES OF DRUGS cephapirin cephradine 2nd generation cefaclor cefamandole cefmetazole cefonicid cefotetan cefoxitin cefuroxime loracarbef 3rd generation cefdinir cefditoren cefixime cefoperazone cefotaxime cefpodoxime ceftazidime ceftibuten ceftizoxime ceftriaxone 4th generation cefepime Cholinesterase inhibitor donepezil edrophonium galantamine physostigmine rivastigmine succinylcholine tacrine CNS stimulant cocaine dexmethylphenidate lisdexamfetamine modafinil Corticosteroid betamethasone ciclesonide cortisone tixocortol inhaled beclomethasone budesonide cyclesonide flunisolide fluticasone systemic methylprednisolone prednisolone prednisone triamcinolone topical alclometasone amcinonide clobetasol desonide desoximetasone dexamethasone difluprednate flumetasone fluocinolone fluocinonide fluticasone halcinonide halobetasol halometasone hydrocortisone loteprednol mometasone prednicarbate triamcinolone COX-2 inhibitor celecoxib etodolac etoricoxib meloxicam nimesulide rofecoxib valdecoxib Dermal filler calcium hydroxylapatite Disease-modifying antirheumatic auranofin aurothioglucose azathioprine bucillamine chloroquine cyclosporine gold and gold compounds hydroxychloroquine leflunomide methotrexate minocycline penicillamine sulfasalazine Diuretic acetazolamide blue cohosh boswellia brinzolamide caffeine chicory cranberry dorzolamide eplerenone eucalyptus horse chestnut (bark, flower, leaf, seed) horsetail isosorbide meadowsweet methazolamide spironolactone squill theophylline lxxiii loop bumetanide ethacrynic acid furosemide torsemide potassium-sparing amiloride triamterene thiazide bendroflumethiazide benzthiazide chlorothiazide chlorthalidone cyclothiazide hydrochlorothiazide hydroflumethiazide indapamide methyclothiazide metolazone polythiazide quinethazone trichlormethiazide Dopamine receptor agonist apomorphine bromocriptine cabergoline fenoldopam pergolide pramipexole ropinirole rotigotine Dopamine receptor antagonist domperidone metoclopramide Endothelin receptor antagonist ambrisentan sitaxentan Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) lapatinib Eugeroic armodafinil Fibrinolytic alteplase anistreplase reteplase streptokinase tenecteplase urokinase Gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist goserelin histrelin leuprolide nafarelin MAIN CLASSES OF DRUGS triptorelin Gonadotropin-releasing hormone antagonist abarelix cetrorelix ganirelix Histamine H1 receptor antagonist astemizole azatadine azelastine brompheniramine buclizine carbinoxamine cetirizine chlorpheniramine cinnarizine clemastine cyproheptadine desloratadine dexchlorpheniramine diphenhydramine epinastine fexofenadine hydroxyzine ketotifen loratadine meclizine olopatadine phenindamine promethazine pyrilamine terfenadine trimeprazine tripelennamine triprolidine H2 receptor antagonist cimetidine famotidine nizatidine ranitidine roxatidine HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor atorvastatin fluvastatin lovastatin pravastatin red rice yeast rosuvastatin simvastatin Histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor vorinostat Hormone lanreotide melatonin oral contraceptives sincalide polypeptide glucagon insulin mecasermin nesiritide secretin pemirolast Monoamine oxidase (MAO) inhibitor isocarboxazid phenelzine tranylcypromine Human insulin analog insulin detemir insulin glulisine Monoclonal antibody eculizumab panitumumab Immunomodulator aldesleukin aristolochia arnica bifidobacteria brewer’s yeast cordyceps dong quai echinacea efalizumab garlic ginseng glatiramer goldenseal imiquimod immune globulin IV interferon alfa interferon beta lactobacillus lemon balm lenalidomide levamisole milk thistle mistletoe natalizumab omalizumab palivizumab peg-interferon pimecrolimus propolis resveratrol sarsaparilla Siberian ginseng sinecatechins Muscarinic antagonist amitriptyline amoxapine atropine sulfate benactyzine benztropine biperiden chlorpheniramine chlorpromazine cinnarizine clidinium clomipramine darifenacin dicyclomine diphenhydramine disopyramide doxepin flavoxate glycopyrrolate hydroxyzine hyoscyamine imipramine ipratropium maprotiline mepenzolate olanzapine orphenadrine oxybutynin phenelzine prochlorperazine procyclidine propantheline scopolamine solifenacin tiotropium tolterodine trihexyphenidyl Immunosuppressant alefacept alemtuzumab cyclosporine mizoribine muromonab-CD3 mycophenolate phellodendron rituximab tacrolimus thalidomide Mast cell stabilizer cromolyn lodoxamide nedocromil lxxiv Muscarinic cholinergic agonist bethanechol carbachol cevimeline methantheline pilocarpine mTOR inhibitor everolimus temsirolimus MAIN CLASSES OF DRUGS Non-depolarizing neuromuscular blocker atracurium cisatracurium doxacurium pancuronium pipecuronium rapacuronium rocuronium vecuronium Non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor delavirdine efavirenz nevirapine Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory aceclofenac aspirin bromfenac celecoxib dexibuprofen diclofenac diflunisal etodolac etoricoxib fenbufen fenoprofen flurbiprofen ibuprofen indomethacin ketoprofen ketorolac meclofenamate mefenamic acid meloxicam metamizole nabumetone naproxen nepafenac nimesulide oxaprozin phenylbutazone piroxicam pranoprofen rofecoxib salsalate sulindac tolmetin valdecoxib Nucleoside analog reverse transcriptase inhibitor telbivudine Oligonucleotide fomivirsen Opiate agonist codeine heroin hydrocodone hydromorphone loperamide meperidine methadone morphine nalbuphine oxycodone oxymorphone pentazocine propoxyphene sufentanil tramadol Opioid antagonist alvimopan nalmefene naloxone naltrexone Phosphodiesterase inhibitor cilostazol inamrinone phosphodiesterase type inhibitor sildenafil tadalafil vardenafil Pleuromutilin antibacterial retapamulin Prostaglandin alprostadil bimatoprost dinoprostone iloprost latanoprost travoprost treprostinil unoprostone Proton pump inhibitor esomeprazole lansoprazole omeprazole pantoprazole rabeprazole Retinoid acitretin adapalene alitretinoin bexarotene isotretinoin tretinoin Selective estrogen receptor modulator (SERM) chlorotrianisene clomiphene raloxifene lxxv tamoxifen toremifene Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRIs) citalopram escitalopram fluoxetine fluvoxamine paroxetine sertraline Serotonin antagonist buspirone sibutramine serotonin receptor agonist almotriptan eletriptan frovatriptan rizatriptan sumatriptan zolmitriptan serotonin receptor antagonist naratriptan serotonin reuptake inhibitor duloxetine trazodone serotonin type receptor antagonist alosetron dolasetron granisetron ondansetron palonosetron serotonin type receptor agonist tegaserod serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor venlafaxine Statin atorvastatin fluvastatin lovastatin pravastatin rosuvastatin simvastatin Sulfonylurea acetohexamide chlorpropamide glimepiride glipizide glyburide tolazamide tolazoline tolbutamide Topoisomerase inhibitor irinotecan topotecan MAIN CLASSES OF DRUGS Topoisomerase inhibitor etoposide teniposide Trace element arsenic selenium sulfites zinc Vaccine anthrax vaccine BCG vaccine diphtheria antitoxin hemophilus B vaccine hepatitis A vaccine hepatitis B vaccine human papillomavirus vaccine influenza vaccines pneumococcal vaccine smallpox vaccine varicella vaccine zoster vaccine Vasodilator ambrisentan amyl nitrite astragalus root bosentan diazoxide hydralazine iloprost isosorbide dinitrate isosorbide mononitrate minoxidil nitroglycerin nitroprusside Vasodilator, peripheral cilostazol papaverine pentoxifylline peppermint Vitamin ascorbic acid beta-carotene lxxvi cyanocobalamin ergocalciferol folic acid niacin niacinamide pantothenic acid phytonadione pyridoxine riboflavin thiamine vitamin A vitamin E Vitamin D receptor agonist dihydrotachysterol doxercalciferol paricalcitol Xanthine alkaloid aminophylline caffeine green tea pentoxifylline ...s ’ t t i L DRUG ERUPTION REFERENCE MANUAL INCLUDING DRUG INTERACTIONS 15 th EDITION s ’ t t i L DRUG ERUPTION REFERENCE MANUAL INCLUDING DRUG INTERACTIONS 15 th EDITION Jerome Z Litt,... classes of drugs lxix Drug eruptions A–Z Drugs responsible for common reaction patterns 6 71 Description of the 41 most common reaction patterns 703 Alphabetical index of drug eruptions A–Z 711 v To... These references date back to 19 80 You will find over 41, 000 references on our website, from as far back as 19 22 (visit www.drugeruptiondata.com) The first part of the manual is an index of 1, 254