We shall cover in summary: Information and MIS, top is job, strategic uses of IT, IS planning, distributive systems, managing telecommunications, managing information resources, managing operations, technologies for developing systems, management issues in system development, system for supporting knowledge based work, data warehousing/data mining, knowledge management, supporting collaboration, challenges ahead, a networked business.
Summary Lecture 32 Today’s Lecture n We shall cover in summary ă Information ă Top and MIS is Job ă Strategic uses of IT ă IS Planning ă Distributive Systems ¨ Managing Telecommunications ¨ Managing Information Resources Today’s Lecture ¨ Managing Operations ă Technologies for Developing Systems ă Management Issues in System Development ă System for supporting Knowledge Based Work ¨ Data Warehousing/ Data Mining ¨ Knowledge Management ¨ Supporting Collaboration ă Challenges Ahead ă A Networked Business Information and MIS n n n Information is based upon processed, useful, meaningful facts and figures which any organizing keeps to run its daily business Information systems are software’s which are there to run organizational business Management of Information system is being changed with the introduction of Chief Information Officer Importance of IS Management Top is Job n Responsibilities of the CIO consist of • • • • • • Understand the business Establish credibility of the IS department Develop a competent IS staff and IT-savvy users Create a vision and sell it Implement an information system architecture Foster relationships Top is Job IT Department is headed towards, n Reducing Costs n Leveraging Investments n Enhancing Products and Services n Enhancing Executive Decision Making n Reaching the Consumer Strategic uses of IT Over the years, a few innovative companies have achieved strategic advantage using IT n These firms served as models of what could be done, but most companies did not have the resources or skills to follow their example n Strategic uses of IT n With the growth of the Internet and the development of online business, IT has become a strategic tool in every industry n As their employees become dispersed, enterprises are looking for ways to bring cohesion Intranets and portals are ways to use IT strategically inside the firm Strategic uses of IT n In working outward, enterprises are creating electronic tenders to provide services that make their products more valuable and help them better know their customers and develop more personal relationships with them n This customer-centric view, now so prevalent in the business world, is affecting the strategic use of IT in working across n Value chains are looking to shift from supply-push to demand-pull n Perhaps the most promising technology in the near future is the adoption of mobile computing in supply-chain execution As IT continues to evolve, so its strategic uses Technologies for Developing Systems n 1990s: ă ă ă Client-server Internet-based systems Integration of components and packages n The 1990s brought the need for integrated enterprise systems and Internet-based systems n Development now focuses on the Internet, interorganizational development, and ecosystem applications ă Systems where project management skills are even more important due to the complexity of the systems Management Issues in System Development n critical points include ¨ Recruiting IS staff ¨ Designing Motivating Work ¨ Successful Project Implementation Systems for supporting Knowledge Based Work n Use of IT to support decision making covers a broad swath of territory n Some technologies aim to alert people to anomalies, discontinuities, and shortfalls n Others aim to make decisions, either as recommendations to people or to act on behalf of people n Handing over decisions to systems has its pros and cons, thus their actions need to be monitored Systems for supporting Knowledge Based Work n CIOs need to alert their management team of potential social and economic effects of computer-based decision making because errant computer-based decisions have devastated corporate reputations and cost a lot of money n With vendors pushing toward the real-time enterprise, this is a use of computers that should give pause to explore the ramifications Data Warehouse WhatisDataWarehouse? Adatawarehouseisacollectionofintegrated databasesdesignedtosupportaDSS n n AccordingtoInmons(fatherofdatawarehousing) definition(Inmon,1992a,p.5): ă It is a collection of integrated, subjectoriented databases designed to support the DSS function, where each unit of data is nonvolatile and relevant to some moment in time Data Warehouse Purpose n n n TheultimateuseofdatawarehouseisMassCustomization ă Forexample,itincreasedCapitalOnescustomersfrom 1milliontoapproximately9millionsin8years Justlikeamuscle:DWincreasesinstrengthwithactiveuse ă Witheachnewtestandproduct,valuableinformationis addedtotheDW,allowingtheanalysttolearnfromthe successandfailureofthepast Thekeytosurvival: ă Istheabilitytoanalyze,plan,andreacttochanging businessconditionsinamuchmorerapidfashion Data Mining n data mining is a collection of techniques for efficient automated discovery of previously unknown, valid, novel, useful and understandable patterns in large databases The patterns must be actionable so they may be used in an enterprise’s decision making.” Data Mining The following steps should normally be followed: Requirements analysis Data selection and collection Cleaning and preparing data Data mining exploration and validation Implementing, evaluating and monitoring Results visualisation Knowledge Management n Knowledge Management focus on how knowledge within organization can be created, captured, stored, and reused within organization Business Intelligence • Business Intelligence (BI) refers to skills, processes, technologies, applications and practices used to support decision making • Systems that provide directed background data and reporting tools to support and improve the decision-making process • A popularized, umbrella term used to describe a set of concepts and methods to improve business decision making by using fact-based support systems The term is sometimes used interchangeably with briefing books and executive information systems Supporting Collaboration n The structure of organizations is changing rapidly: flatter, less middle-management, greater focus on teams, collaboration across disciplines, times and locations, and the use of virtual teams n Technology is advancing to support these changes, providing the tools to communicate and interact, solve problems, and manage/document knowledge in this new environment Challenges Ahead Technology is just a support n Relationships are key to people working effectively n IT is shifting from amplifying thinking and processing to amplifying communications and connecting n It is the people who will determine whether the company succeeds or fails, not the technology n A Networked Business n n n We are indeed in a business revolution With it, the use of IT is changing in kind ¨ It has shifted from amplifying thinking and processing to amplifying communicating and connecting It is now much more about relationships than transactions (which happen in the background) and are becoming increasingly sophisticated A Networked Business n Now that this shift has been made, IT becomes about business and needs to be the responsibility of the business folks, not just technology folks n The foundations of past ways of working are changing n That is the exciting exploration that is going on right now, as people grapple with creating the new work environment and the challenge it presents Summary We have seen the importance of Information System, IS Managers n We also looked into roles and duties played by IS Managers n Emerging Technologies like Data Warehouse, Data Mining, Knowledge Discovery etc have also been discussed n ... its daily business Information systems are software’s which are there to run organizational business Management of Information system is being changed with the introduction of Chief Information. .. Developing Systems n 1990s: ă ă ă Client-server Internet-based systems Integration of components and packages n The 1990s brought the need for integrated enterprise systems and Internet-based systems... Outsourcing ă Best-of-Breed Outsourcing ă Shared Services ă Business Process Outsourcing ă E -Business Outsourcing ă Application Service Providers (ASPs) Technologies for Developing n Systems Traditional