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This chapter presents the following content: Interorganizational system development, discussion case – interorganizational systems development, internet-based systems, application servers, java development platform, web service advantages for e-business, web services terminology, web service model, tradıtıonal web-based systems, web server clusters.
Interorganizational System Development Lecture 22 Today Lecture n n n n Interorganizational System Development EXXONMOBIL Discussion Case – Interorganizational Systems Development HONG KONG EXCHANGES & CLEARING Case Study – Interorganizational Systems Development Internet-Based Systems ă ă Application Servers Java Development Platform Today Lecture… n Web Service Web Service Advantages for E-Business ă Web Services Terminology ă Web Service Model ă TRADITIONAL WEB-BASED SYSTEMS ă WEB SERVER CLUSTERS ă Today Lecture n BUILDING A WEB SERVICE Case Example n BEKINS Case Example – Web Services n BUILDING A WEB SERVICE Preparing for On-The-Fly Web Services Development Interorganizational System Development n n n One of the main business trends is the appearance of business ecosystems — “groupings” of businesses that work closely together ă Supply Chain Management systems integrate supply chains These are now a major trend as they compete against one another on their ability to reduce costs and time across their entire chains Development of such inter-organizational systems requires teams from the different organizations to work together Supply Chain Example Interorganizational System Development cont n Another type of inter-organizational system is a platform, which provides the infrastructure for the operation of a business ecosystem, a region, or an industry ă Sabre ă Video game industry Interorganizational System Development cont n Platform development is a major trend in an increasing number of industries n Following cases Exxonmobil - Yet to become a platform HKEx – points out the types of coordination needed to develop an interorganizational system for a business ecosystem n n n EXXONMOBIL Discussion Case – Interorganizational Systems Development Mobil created Speedpass, a system that uses a 1.5inch-long wand that motorists can attach to their key chain and “wave” at an electronic reader on a Mobil gas pump to pay for gas Mobil’s goal was to speed motorists in and out of its stations ExxonMobil now has five million Speedpass holders ă They buy more Mobil gas than non-Speedpass customers, they visit Mobil stations one more time per month, and they spend 2-3 percent more money EXXONMOBIL Discussion Case – Interorganizational Systems Development cont n To leverage this technology, it has teamed up with McDonald’s restaurants in Chicago to test use of Speedpass to pay for food n How should Mobil leverage this platform even more? TRADITIONAL WEB-BASED SYSTEMS Ø How to refer to a document? Ø URL (Uniform Resource Locator)? Uniform Resource Locator Ø A reference called Uniform Resource Locator (URL) is used to refer a document Ø The DNS name of its associated server along with a file name is specified Ø The URL also specifies the protocol for transferring the document across the network Example: http://www.cse.unl.edu/~ylu/csce855/notes/websystem.ppt Ø TRADITIONAL WEB-BASED SYSTEMS Ø Ø A client interacts with Web servers through a special application known as browser What’s the key function of a browser? Ø Responsible for displaying documents WEB SERVER CLUSTERS Web servers are replicated and combined with a front end to improve performance WEB SERVER CLUSTERS Ø The front end can be designed in two ways: q Transport-layer switch – simply passes data sent along the TCP connection to one of the servers, depending on some measurement of the server’s load q Content-aware request distribution – it first inspects the HTTP request and decides which server it should forward that request to WEB SERVER CLUSTERS q For example, if the front end always forwards requests for the same document to the same server, the server may cache the document resulting in better response times Ø Approach that combines the efficiency of transportlayer switch and the functionality of content-aware distribution has been developed WEB SERVER CLUSTERS Ø Ø Ø Ø Ø Another alternative to set up a Web server cluster is to use round-robin DNS With round-robin DNS a single domain name is associated with multiple IP addresses When resolving a host name, a browser would receive a list of multiple addresses, each address corresponding to a server Normally, browsers choose the first address on the list, but most DNS servers circulate the entries As a result, simple distribution of requests over the servers in the cluster is achieved BUILDING A WEB SERVICE Case Example n n Currency converter The steps involve: Exposing the code Writing a service description Publishing the service Finding the service, and Invoking a Web Service BEKINS Case Example – Web Services n n Moving company which is using Web Services in its HomeDirectUSA business ă Delivers large household appliances Uses some 1,000 independent agents ă Formerly = faxed or phoned these agents to arrange delivery n Slow and not equitable to all agents ă Created an online broking system (TBE) n Used to tender jobs to all agents n Once accepted = unavailable to others BEKINS Case Example – Web Services n n n Results ă Lower tendering costs ¨ Faster customer service ¨ Better utilization of agents’ trucks ¨ So efficient = offer lower margin jobs to agents n Increases shipping volume and revenues Bekins’ E-Commerce Platform Building the system ă Required commitment from several moving partners = an interorganizational system n Involvement = important but equally important was their comfort with Web Services BUILDING A WEB SERVICE Preparing for On-The-Fly Web Services Development n Whilst these can help enterprises develop systems faster, the technology might have other ramifications ă CIOs n would well to prepare for Possibly another round of even more powerful, on-the-fly end user development BUILDING A WEB SERVICE Preparing for On-The-Fly Web Services Development ă History n n n repeating itself Spreadsheets 4GLs Web sites ă Personal ă IS n silos of data and apps management can address ‘in advance’ this time! Else = Users will take development into their own hands as they have done so eagerly in the past Summary n Traditional approach from the 1960s evolved to give more discipline, control, and efficiency ă ă Moved programming from an art to a “craft.” Problems: n n n n Development times Low user involvement Lack of flexibility 1970s and 1980s: data-driven development, stressed improving early phases in development: ă ă 4GL and software prototyping permitted more rapid development CASE and object oriented (software re-use) Summary n 1990s: ă ă ă Client-server Internet-based systems Integration of components and packages n The 1990s brought the need for integrated enterprise systems and Internet-based systems n Development now focuses on the Internet, interorganizational development, and ecosystem applications ă Systems where project management skills are even more important due to the complexity of the systems ...Today Lecture n n n n Interorganizational System Development EXXONMOBIL Discussion Case – Interorganizational Systems Development HONG KONG EXCHANGES & CLEARING Case Study Interorganizational Systems... On-The-Fly Web Services Development Interorganizational System Development n n n One of the main business trends is the appearance of business ecosystems — “groupings” of businesses that work closely... interorganizational system for a business ecosystem n n n EXXONMOBIL Discussion Case – Interorganizational Systems Development Mobil created Speedpass, a system that uses a 1.5inch-long wand that