The main contents of the chapter consist of the following: language skills, writing skill, what is an essay? what makes a good essay? types of essays, descriptive essay, definition essay, critical essay, narrative essay, the narrative essay, how to write a narrative essay?...
Lecture 32 Course Review Language Skills Receptiv e Skills Producti ve Skills • What is Communication? • How we Communicate? • What is a Skill? • Language Skills • Types of Communication • The Communication Cycle • Barriers in Language Communication Encoding Noise Barrier Decoding Writing Skill • • • Writing skills are an important part of communication This is a Productive Skill Good writing skills allow you to communicate your message with clarity and ease to a far larger audience than through face-to-face or telephone conversations Formal and Informal Writing Formal Writing Complex Informa l Writing Simple Contractions and Abbreviations Objective Third Person Full Words Colloquial Empathy and Emotion Formal Writing Rules • Do not use the first or second person (I, my, we, us) • Do not use contractions (can’t, won’t, doesn’t) • Do not use metaphors or figures of speech • Avoid saying “The essay will discuss ” or “In my opinion ” • Avoid using “a lot” If you use it, take care not to repeat it often • Avoid redundancy and repetition • Be specific Do not be vague Do not use words such as “things” or “many examples” • Always follow MLA format • Font Style: Use size 12 pt font, Times New Roman, and standard 1” margins • EDIT, EDIT, EDIT! • Save your rough work • When writing about literature, always write in the present tense • I.e “The Hamlet is a novel of Shakespeare” not “The Hamlet was a novel Three Stages of the Writing Process • Pre-writing - Planning • Writing - • Re-writing - Finishing Drafting, Editing, Revising • Remember, Writing is a Processis practice for Every writing assignment the next one • Writing takes time • Go through every step of the process • Focus on your ideas first • Focus on grammar and spelling last • Get feedback from a peer, instructor, or tutor Reflective Essay • In a reflective essay, you need to express your thoughts and emotions about certain events or phenomena • Writing this type of essay is good training to sharpen your critical thinking skills, as well as your ability to develop and express opinions on a particular topic – What is an Expository Essay? • The expository essay is a genre of essay that requires the student to investigate: – an idea – evaluate evidence – expound on the idea – and set forth an argument concerning that idea in a clear and concise manner What is an Expository Essay? • This can be accomplished through: – comparison and contrast – Definition – Example – the analysis of cause and effect, etc What is Literature Essay? • • The essay dealing with a piece of writing: – a novel – a short story – article, whatever Most commonly presupposes some kind of analysis What is an essay exam? • • A test in which you write an essay or a certain number of paragraphs in response to a question It helps the teacher check your ability to organize and write paragraphs or an essay Presentation Skills • Introduction • Planning Your Presentation • The Presentation Sequence • Effective Presentation Techniques • Creating Effective Visual Aids • The ‘Three’ Stage Process 40 Tips for Presentation Skills • Delivery of Presentation • Presentation Content • Presentation Design • Handling Questions and Answers, and finally • the proper use of Humor Dos and Don’ts Be brief no more than bullets/points per slide Do: • – • Use appropriate fonts: – big (min 28pts) and clear (sans-serif) If possible, test your slides: – run the slide show and see if you can read your slides from the last row of the room where you will be presenting Dos and Don’ts DON’TS • Put everything you present on the slides – • • Remember that slides are just a visual aid if you overload them, the audience will end up trying to read the slides and not paying attention to you Use different colors / fonts on every single slide Use bright background colors that will strain your audience's eyes Presentation Sequence The ‘Three’ Stage Process 44 Nonverbal Communication • Introduction to Communication • Components of communication – • • Verbal – nonverbal – Para verbal Definition of nonverbal communication Exercise Verbal Communication • • Tips to improve your verbal communications skills C’s of Communication • Completeness • Conciseness • Consideration • Clarity • Concreteness • Courtesy Visual Aids • What are visual aids? • Why use visual aids? • Purpose of visual aids • 10 Tips for Using Visual Aids • Contingency plans • Example: Designing and using Visual Aids How to Overcome Nervousness When Doing PowerPoint Presentation? Think of it as the P's Prior Proper Preparation Prevents Poor Performance of the • How to Overcome Nervousness When Doing Change your Thinking PowerPoint Presentation? • Its not about you; its about the subject • Relax • Start slowly • Forgive Yourself and move on… • Audiences • Prepare • And ENJOY!!! ... Pre -writing - Planning • Writing - • Re -writing - Finishing Drafting, Editing, Revising • Remember, Writing is a Processis practice for Every writing assignment the next one • Writing takes time •... kinds of essays The following are a some of the most common ones: • Descriptive Essay • Definition Essay • Compare and Contrast Essay • Cause and Effect Essay • Narrative Essay 16 Descriptive Essay. .. When writing about literature, always write in the present tense • I.e “The Hamlet is a novel of Shakespeare” not “The Hamlet was a novel Three Stages of the Writing Process • Pre -writing - Planning