A solution of management information system in green environmental management in Vietnam

Making a green environment in cities in particular big cities like Hanoi, Ho Chi Minh is one of essential issues in development. The concept of green environment here includes tree in the parks, and other green spaces in the cities. Building a green environment management system is necessary for many sections in the cities in order to share the data and useful information. The paper mentioned to the fact of management in green environment at the moment in Vietnam. Therefore, a solution of building a management information system (MIS) in urban green management is proposed. The framework of system shows how data and information can share in the system. Some requirement steps for building system are also analyzed in order to take advantage of using Internet of Things (IoT) to manage it efficiently.

A SOLUTION OF MANAGEMENT INFORMATION SYSTEM IN GREEN ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT IN VIETNAM Thuy Nguyen Thi Thu Thuong Mai University, Hanoi, Vietnam NguyenTthuthuy@gmail.com Abstract Making a green environment in cities in particular big cities like Hanoi, Ho Chi Minh is one of essential issues in development The concept of green environment here includes tree in the parks, and other green spaces in the cities Building a green environment management system is necessary for many sections in the cities in order to share the data and useful information The paper mentioned to the fact of management in green environment at the moment in Vietnam Therefore, a solution of building a management information system (MIS) in urban green management is proposed The framework of system shows how data and information can share in the system Some requirement steps for building system are also analyzed in order to take advantage of using Internet of Things (IoT) to manage it efficiently Keywords: green environment; management information system MIS; green trees; cities Introduction Vietnam has got about 795 urban (35.2% urbanization) in 2017 (Nguyen Van Thuy, 2017) The rapid of urbanization rate might lead to overload urban infrastructure, causing bad impacts on the environment In recent years, urban environmental management has made remarkable progress Many policies and regulations on environmental protection have been improved The investment and mobilization of environmental protection resources has been strengthened Many projects, programs on environmental quality have been improved or deployed The quality of the air and water environment in some cities in Vietnam has been improved markedly However, besides the achieved results, there are still limitations and challenges in the planning, controlling, and monitoring of environmental system such as green environment in cities which cause environmental pollution, especially in urban areas The green environment is broadly understood as all the pieces of trees (streets, parks, trees, flowers in families, flower gardens, lawns, urban forests and open water, etc.) The green environment improves the tropical climate, especially meaningful in the sunny season in Vietnam In cities context, the most necessary requirement for green urban management is the green of streets and parks (in short, urban greenery) as they relate to planning, budgeting for preservation and development in cities every year For example, according to VTC News (2017), Hanoi lack significant green environment particular with green trees The average rate of green trees in Hanoi is about 2-3 m2 per person whereas the minimum rate is about 10 m2 per person (United Nation standard requirement) Some developed countries this rate is about 20-25 m2 per person 749 The characteristics of green management particular to trees can be seen as follows  The number of trees is very high in alternative locations because they are distributed in different areas in the cities  The trees will be changed in number or size, or high, etc by the time  There is a variety of species Their ages are totally different because they will growth over time As the public transport sectors in the cities have used the unit price for maintaining green trees through species, structure of trees, etc., therefore, the data of trees needs to be updated monthly or annually By above complex characteristics, the tool, which supports the management of green environment, is essential It can help public transportation sector manage, monitor, and control the green trees in the cities In addition, the green environment in the cities usually goes in company with other entertainment areas such as recreation venues, fitness venues, relaxing places Therefore, a management information system might help the authority officers to plant right trees in right places in order to enrich the life in the society, encourage the nature love from citizens Significantly, a city having many green landscapes is of course often associated with tourist attractions Moreover, in cities‘ development, green trees are in planned with many urban issues such as electricity lines, drainage pipes, underground cables, water supply pipes, etc Therefore, building a management information system will be needed to share information to other systems as well as providing essential information for authority officers in making decision of cities infrastructure development plan To conclude, the public transportation sector in the cities, which manages a huge number of green trees, needs taking advantage of information technology especially Internet of Things (IoT) in theirs works such as building a management information system The paper has structure as follows: The general introduction is shown in section The fact of green environment in particular green trees in some cities is represented in section The main contribution as a solution of building MIS is proposed in section in terms of a framework proposal Discussion and conclusion will be represented in the last section Green Environment in Some Cities in Vietnam In Vietnam, the distribution of green environment particular green trees is not equitable in many places in the cities For example, in Hanoi, there are a big number of huge trees in the old districts whereas young trees are located in the new districts (Pham Anh Tuan, 2017) There also exists of unbalance of growth trees in the old streets compared to the new streets The old streets have a little number and small trees compared to the others have shady and nice green trees Moreover, according to Pham Anh Tuan (2017), the new streets have good quality of green trees for cities‘ environment such as dracontomelum; nacre; flamboyant; etc These species of trees are adaptive to green environment in the city Even in each street in Hanoi, the number of species planted by the 750 authority‘s office and local citizens often is contradicted The local citizens have just plant the trees like filling the gap to make shady Sometimes, they plant incorrect species compared to city regulation because this is individual favorite This creates a confusion image of the street There is confusion not only in the variety of plants, but also in the variety of ages, heights and morphological characteristics For example, the distribution of alternative species of trees in some districts in Hanoi can be seen in Table Table 1: Variety of species in some districts Index No of Streets Species 18 11 (19.64%) (12.5%) 56 (14.06%) 64 (6.25%) (Soure: Pham Anh Tuan, 2017) According to Vu Le (2017) about the news from the Department of Construction Hanoi, Hanoi city has planted about over 462,000 trees It leads to reach 46.2% of the program target of million trees since 2016 Hanoi also has called and received the participation of socialization in planting trees of many organizations such as the People's Committee of Dien Bien donated 500 white banana; Vingroup Group donated 400 mango trees; VPBank donated 2,578 camphor trees and 1,181 date palm trees; Mobiphone Telecommunications Corporation 1,000 trees; AEON Group donated 190 cherry trees; Viet Hung Investment and Urban Development Joint Stock Company donates 10,000 oil palm trees Also, in the first 10 months of 2017, the city has planted more over 327,000 trees in alternative species Other big city like Ho Chi Minh city, there has been an about 61% of green trees having over 6m high (type and type 3) (Che Dinh Ly, 2007) There exists variety of species in around 44.399 trees in different streets According to the Department of Transportation, the state of urban greenery and the management of urban greenery, are as follows ( De an TPHCM,2011) :  City has 72.334 street‘s trees There is a un-distribution in districts For example, One-District has 20.1% of street‘s trees whereas Three and Five Districts, Tan Binh, Binh Thanh have amount of 9-10%  The unbalance of species also is existed in the old and new districts The old ones have uniformed species whereas the new ones have not For example, Six District has about 19.000 trees in 140 streets However, almost trees in here are derived from local citizens with alternative species  Ho Chi Minh City also has 609,18 hectares of park-land The area of public trees used for the city is about 0.85 m2 / person This rate is only 0.23 m2 / person in the old district whereas the new urban area have 0.28 m2 / person, and the suburban area has 2,59 m2 / person 751 Ho Chi Minh city has objective of achieving the needed requirements of daily life, entertainment in order to raise the cultural and spiritual life of the citizens In detail, the average area is m2 / person, in which the urban area is 2.4 m2 / person, the new urban area is 7.1 m2 / person, the residential area is 12 m2 / person The plan of forest land and green trees of the city up to 2020 with a vision to 2025 can be seen in Table as: Table 2: Plan of green trees development in Ho Chi Minh city Unit: hectare Current state (2009) Species Plan of development Note 2015 2020 Plan 2025 Total area of green trees and parks 869,37 3.250 5.790 6.500 Streets‘ trees 260,19 350 400 500 Public green trees 609,18 2.900 5.390 6.000 (Source: De an TPHCM, 2011) The standard of trees in some cities in Vietnam compared to alternative countries can be seen in Table It is clear that, the number of trees per person in Vietnam is too low compared to other cities in world‘s countries Table 3: Some specifications of green trees in big cities in Vietnam compared to other cities in the world Standard Requirement Index Vietnam cities Fact Construction Index Specification Countries Standard Requirement (m2/person) Hanoi >=7 Paris (France) 10 Ho Chi Minh 3.3 >=7 Moskva (Russia) 26 Hue 3.5 >=6 Washington (USA) 40 Da Nang 0.9 >=6 London (UK) 26.9 (Source: Le Xuan Thai & Le Van Khoa, 2015) Management Information System for Green Trees management in the Cities in Vietnam 3.1 System Requirement and its functions In general speaking, any system should have three levels of management as: strategic management; tactical control management and operational management For example, in a company, leader board will perform in strategic managements, the departments will work as the tactical managements, and the sections in each department will work at the operational level Alternative levels in company management lead to have alternative quality of information e.g reports in the system For example, while the leaders need system to produce information which help them to make strategic decision, the departments only need the regular reports to perform the action plan from the leader‘s board 752 Moreover, with the help of industrial revolution 4.0 in the IoT, the system needs to be convenient to the users in different level reports For example, the reports or the system interface have to be adaptive alternative output devices such as mobile phones, tablets, or special equipment, etc The requirement levels for management information system for green trees management can be seen in Figure The highest level of leader board needs knowledge which is provided from lower levels such as departments or sections Basing on their knowledge, leader board can make strategic decision which directly effect to the departments The decision making by the department is performed by the sections in the organization Decision Decision Leader board Sections Information Information Green factories,parks, urban transportation offices Knowledge (Decision Information for strategic plan) Information (Needed Information for tactical control ) Data and Information (Regular reports in action works) Figure 1: Alternative levels of management and needed quality of information In the MIS for green environment here, the leader boards are from provinces‘ public transportation department The sections, which is underlying directly managed of public transportation department, contain alternative offices such as: management public areas section, parks and green trees companies, and districts people committee The lowest level of management in the MIS system is green factories, park companies, and urban transportation offices The requirement MIS functions can be seen as follows:  Easy to check and update green trees‘ information by any devices such as from office computers or mobiles or other internet connected devices This is taken from the advantage of IoT  Concentrated databases of data and reports These are served users depending on the right access to the system  Have collections of green trees documents such as species, nature history, etc in order to serve the environmental education, introduction and broadcast to tourists or specific researchers  Easy to share and connect the data to other systems in the cities such as electrical companies, water supply companies, etc 753 3.2 Green Environment MIS Base on the requirements in above section, the information flow in the MIS for green environment can be seen in Figure Green environment MIS DSF Website Offices users GIS Data Data collection Trees Data collection collection Office Users Public Users Data databases Report databases Figure 2: Framework of green environment MIS The detail works in green environment MIS can be seen as follows: Tree data is collected from the streets, park, and public areas to save to the databases in the system The collection can be done by assigning each tree with one treecode for the first time Then, these codes will be used in the system like tree identification for checking, updating, and querying, etc In the system, the core blocks are Decision Support Functions (DSF); Website; and GIS These control blocks interact to Database (Data and Reports) to produce the needed queries or reports for users in general The detail can be seen as follows  DSF (Decision Support System Functions): The DSF in the system is all functions adapted to alternative management levels in section 3.1 For example, the leader board requires highest level of information/reports in the system whereas the normal officers might need queries of tree summarization such as count of tree species, or image of tree distributions in specific area, etc Therefore, DFS has to include alternative functions to serve different types users with different needs Obviously, these alternative users will have alternative rights to access to the system  Website: This block means that the functions in DSF have to be represented in both office application and websites as app- mobile (application in mobile or portable devices) This allows users can easily to access (with their rights) to the system to get needed information from anywhere and at any time The security solution for system is also needed to ensure system security is performed For example, the requirement of personal identification will be asked whenever users would like to access to the system The websites are coded and certified via SSL (secure Socket Layer) certificate This certificate ensures the coded link between server and web browser Therefore, the data exchanged between them is safe This block also can be seen as the applying advantage of IoT in management  GIS: This is a use of Geographic Information System to manage the tree in the digital map The arborists need to assess and evaluate adequate sites to growth the new 754 trees, for example Adequate tree density can be achieved if a spatial distribution is properly visualized, analyzed and monitored Other example, with a map of tree, arborists can easily visualize and determine which parts of the city need to growth the trees because of lack tree Based on the system report, they can propose a new tree management program Additionally, by accessing to the system by using Website, the users can map and collect data on particular city areas or trees using smartphones or tablets The model example of GIS management can be seen in Figure Figure 3: GIS model for Tree management (Source: Esri china, 2011) The steps in green environment MIS The objective is building a MIS with high performance to help officials monitor, plan, predict the green trees in the cities There also includes other functions to serve the other sectors related to the field as well as public users The detail suggestion steps are as follows  Step 1: Plan a pilot system is used to manage the green trees in city streets and parks which are needed to manage by officials  Step 2: Build a pilot system plan for a typical city such as Hanoi, or Danang, etc This is because these cities have an adapted infrastructure for the system  Step 3: built a database with tree data derived from districts‘ sections such as park companies The data includes figures, pictures, and/or digital map of streets, etc  Step 4: Build the green environment MIS system  Step 5: Train the staffs and publish information about the system  Step 6: Expand the system to other cities after evaluating the pilot project Discussion and Conclusion Green environment management information system (MIS) includes street trees and parks management It requires to manage complex data (different species, locations, high levels, etc.) and relevant to many other sections in alternative departments in the city The purpose of building green environment MIS is essential It does not only to have an efficiency of management in alternative levels but also it can share the information to 755 many users such as other officials or public people like tourists The system need to update regularly by the use of technology advantage like IoT This IoT also can be used for the convenient in both users and administrators The green environment MIS contains many system components such as alternative functions to serve internal or external management works with different right access levels The websites component is to serve to use of web browser via IoT devices such as mobile or computer or tablets The GIS, which is to visualize the trees, is 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Requirement and its functions In general speaking, any system should have three levels of management as: strategic management; tactical control management and operational management For example, in a company,... building a management information system will be needed to share information to other systems as well as providing essential information for authority officers in making decision of cities infrastructure... Leader board Sections Information Information Green factories,parks, urban transportation offices Knowledge (Decision Information for strategic plan) Information (Needed Information for tactical